ALBERT

Note: Chapter 1. Crystal Chemistry of the Rhombohedral Carbonates by Richard J. Reeder, p. 1 - 48 Chapter 2. Phase Relations of Rhombohedral Carbonates by Julian R. Goldsmith, p. 49 - 76 Chapter 3. Solid Solutions and Solvi Among Metamorphic Carbonates with Applications to Geologic Thermobarometry by Eric J. Essene, p. 77 - 96 Chapter 4. Magnesian Calcites: Low-Temperature Occurrence, Solubility and Solid Solution Behavior by Fred T. Mackenzie, William D. Bischoff, Finlay C. Bishop, Michele Loijens, Jane Schoonmaker, and Roland Wollast, p. 97 - 144 Chapter 5. Crystal Chemistry and Phase Relations of Orthorhombic Carbonates by J. Alexander Speer, p. 145 - 190 Chapter 6. The Polymorphs of CaCO3 and the Aragonite-Calcite Transformation by Willima D. Carlson, p. 191 - 226 Chapter 7. The Kinetics of Calcium Carbonate Dissolution and Precipitation by John W. Morse, p. 227 - 264 Chapter 8. Trace Elements and Isotopes in Sedimentary Carbonates by Jan Veizer, p. 265 - 300 Chapter 9. Microstructures in Carbonates by Hans-Rudolf Wenk, David J. Barber, and Richard J. Reeder, p. 301 - 368

Note: CONTENTS Preface Symbols Introduction Test procedure Theory Evaluation of the experimental results Example evaluation Results and discussion Literature cited Appendix A. Measured and computed discharge

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Data collection and processing Analysis General Variations in ridging Ridge height distributions Occurrence of high ridges The tail of the distribution Extreme values Applications to offshore design Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Tabulated ice ridge data

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Descriptions of road test sections Test equipment and procedures. Field repetitive plate bearing tests Data analysis General Layered-elastic analysis of the pavement systems Statistical analysis. Flexural analysis Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Resilient surface deflections for the test points

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Locale and techniques Observations Vertical variations in crystal orientation Regional variations in crystal orientation Summary of observations Causes Initial ice skim Earth’s magnetic field Currents Conclusions and consequences Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction Descriptions of road test sections Test equipment and procedures Field repetitive plate bearing tests Data analysis General Layered-elastic analysis of the pavement systems Statistical analysis Flexural analysis Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Resilient surface deflections for the test points

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Previous work Methods and results Methods of analysis Salinity-chlorophyll a associations Discussion Comparison of ice and water column standing crops Estimated mass of ice associated chl. a Mechanism of ice algae formation in the Weddell Sea Differences between the biological environments of fast and drifting pack ice Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Species variations - ice and water column

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Note: A. Morris and D. H. Tarling: Palaeomagnetism and tectonics of the Mediterranean region: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:1-18, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.01 --- Western Mediterranean --- A. Kirker and E. McClelland: Application of net tectonic rotations and inclination analysis to a high-resolution palaeomagnetic study in the Betic Cordillera / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:19-32, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.02 --- J. J. Villalaín, M. L. Osete, R. Vegas, V. García-Dueñas, and F. Heller: The Neogene remagnetization in the western Betics: a brief comment on the reliability of palaeomagnetic directions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:33-41, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.03 --- H. Feinberg, O. Saddiqi, and A. Michard: New constraints on the bending of the Gibraltar Arc from palaeomagnetism of the Ronda peridotites (Betic Cordilleras, Spain) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:43-52, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.04 --- D. Khattach, D. Najid, N. Hamoumi, and D. H. Tarling: Palaeomagnetic studies in Morocco: tectonic implications for the Meseta and Anti-Atlas since the Permian / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:53-57, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.05 --- D. Rey, P. Turner, and A. Ramos: Palaeomagnetism and magnetostratigraphy of the Middle Triassic in the Iberian Ranges (Central Spain) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:59-82, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.06 --- M. T. Juárez, M. L. Osete, R. Vegas, C. G. Langereis, and G. Meléndez: Palaeomagnetic study of Jurassic limestones from the Iberian Range (Spain): tectonic implications / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:83-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.07 --- M. Garcés, J. M. Parés, and L. Cabrera: Inclination error linked to sedimentary facies in Miocene detrital sequences from the Vallès-Penedès Basin (NE Spain) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:91-99, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.08 --- P. Keller and U. Gehring: Consequences of post-collisional deformation on the reconstruction of the East Pyrenees / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:101-109, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.09 --- J. L. Pereira, A. Rapalini, D. H. Tarling, and J. Fonseca: Palaeomagnetic dating and determination of tectonic tilting: a study of Mesozoic-Cenozoic igneous rocks in central West Portugal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:111-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.10 --- Central Mediterranean and Carpathians --- J. E. T. Channell: Palaeomagnetism and palaeogeography of Adria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:119-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.11 --- M. Iorio, G. Nardi, D. Pierattini, and D. H. Tarling: Palaeomagnetic evidence of block rotations in the Matese Mountains, Southern Apennines, Italy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:133-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.12 --- M. Mattei, C. Kissel, L. Sagnotti, R. Funiciello, and C. Faccenna: Lack of Late Miocene to Present rotation in the Northern Tyrrhenian margin (Italy): a constraint on geodynamic evolution / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:141-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.13 --- M. Fedi, G. Florio, and A. Rapolla: The pattern of crustal block rotations in the Italian region deduced from aeromagnetic anomalies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:147-152, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.14 --- Emő Márton and Péter Márton: Large scale rotations in North Hungary during the Neogene as indicated by palaeomagnetic data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:153-173, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.15 --- Miroslav Krs, Marta Krsová, and Petr Pruner: Palaeomagnetism and palaeogeography of the Western Carpathians from the Permian to the Neogene / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:175-184, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.16 --- Václav Houša, Miroslav Krs, Marta Krsová, and Petr Pruner: Magnetostratigraphy of Jurassic-Cretaceous limestones in the Western Carpathians / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:185-194, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.17 --- M. Iorio, D. H. Tarling, B. D’argenio, and G. Nardi: Ultra-fine magnetostratigraphy of Cretaceous shallow water carbonates, Monte Raggeto, southern Italy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:195-203, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.18 --- E. McClelland, B. Finegan, and R. W. H. Butler: A magnetostratigraphic study of the onset of the Mediterranean Messinian salility crisis; Caltanissetta Basin, Sicily / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:205-217, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.19 --- F. Florindo and L. Sagnotti: Revised magnetostratigraphy and rock magnetism of Pliocene sediments from Valle Ricca (Rome, Italy) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:219-223, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.20 --- Giancarlo Scalera, Paolo Favali, and Fabio Florindo: Palaeomagnetic database: the effect of quality filtering for geodynamic studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:225-237, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.21 --- Eastern Mediterranean --- A. H. F. Robertson, J. E. Dixon, S. Brown, A. Collins, A. Morris, E. Pickett, I. Sharp, and T. Ustaömer: Alternative tectonic models for the Late Palaeozoic-Early Tertiary development of Tethys in the Eastern Mediterranean region / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:239-263, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.22 --- H. J. Mauritsch, R. Scholger, S. L. Bushati, and A. Xhomo: Palaeomagnetic investigations in Northern Albania and their significance for the geodynamic evolution of the Adriatic-Aegean realm / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:265-275, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.23 --- D. Kondopoulou, A. Atzemoglou, and S. Pavlides: Palaeomagnetism as a tool for testing geodynamic models in the North Aegean: convergences, controversies and a further hypothesis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:277-288, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.24 --- H. Feinberg, B. Edel, D. Kondopoulou, and A. Michard: Implications of ophiolite palaeomagnetism for the interpretation of the geodynamics of Northern Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:289-298, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.25 --- J. D. A. Piper, Joanna M. Moore, O. Tatar, H. Gursoy, and R. G. Park: Palaeomagnetic study of crustal deformation across an intracontinental transform: the North Anatolian Fault Zone in Northern Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:299-310, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.26 --- Antony Morris: A review of palaeomagnetic research in the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:311-324, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.27 --- A. M. Kafafy, D. H. Tarling, M. M. El Gamili, H. H. Hamama, and E. H. Ibrahim: Palaeomagnetism of some Cretaceous Nubian Sandstones, Northern Sinai, Egypt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:325-332, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.28 --- A. L. Abdeldayem and D. H. Tarling: Palaeomagnetism of some Tertiary sedimentary rocks, southwest Sinai, Egypt, in the tectonic framework of the SE Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:333-343, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.29 --- Applications in Volcanology --- Leon Bardot, Rick Thomas, and Elizabeth McClelland: Emplacement temperatures of pyroclastic deposits on Santorini deduced from palaeomagnetic measurements: constraints on eruption mechanisms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 105:345-357, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.105.01.30 --- Maurizio De’ Gennaro, Paola R. Gialanella, Alberto Incoronato, Giuseppe Mastrolorenzo, and Debora Naimo: Palaeomagnetic controls on the emplacement of the Neapolit

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Note: D. B. Snyder, S. B. Lucas, and J. H. McBride: Crustal and mantle reflectors from Palaeoproterozoic orogens and their relation to arc-continent collisions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:1-23, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.01 --- H. R. Rollinson: Tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite magmatism and the genesis of Lewisian crust during the Archaean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:25-42, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.02 --- A. Vrevsky, R. Krimsky, and S. Svetov: Rare earth and isotopic (Nd, O) heterogeneity of the Archaean mantle, Baltic Shield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:43-53, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.03 --- E. V. Bibikova, T. Skiöld, and S. V. Bogdanova: Age and geodynamic aspects of the oldest rocks in the Precambrian Belomorian Belt of the Baltic (Fennoscandian) Shield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:55-67, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.04 --- S. V. Bogdanova: High-grade metamorphism of 2.45–2.4 Ga age in mafic intrusions of the Belomorian Belt in the northeastern Baltic Shield / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:69-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.05 --- Martin J. Van Kranendonk and Richard J. Wardle: Burwell domain of the Palaeoproterozoic Torngat Orogen, northeastern Canada: tilted cross-section of a magmatic are caught between a rock and a hard place / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:91-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.06 --- Toby Rivers, Flemming Mengel, David J. Scott, Lisa M. Campbell, and Normand Goulet: Torngat Orogen — a Palaeoproterozoic example of a narrow doubly vergent collisional orogen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:117-136, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.07 --- R. J. Wardle and M. J. Van Kranendonk: The Palaeoproterozoic Southeastern Churchill Province of Labrador-Quebec, Canada: orogenic development as a consequence of oblique collision and indentation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:137-153, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.08 --- Andrew Kerr, Bruce Ryan, Charles F. Gower, Richard J. Wardle, and Andrew Kerr: The Makkovik Province: extension of the Ketilidian Mobile Belt in mainland North America / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:155-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.09 --- B. Chadwick and A. A. Garde: Palaeoproterozoic oblique plate convergence in South Greenland: a reappraisal of the Ketilidian Orogen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:179-196, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.10 --- Charles F. Gower: The evolution of the Grenville Province in eastern Labrador, Canada / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:197-218, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.11 --- Ian C. Starmer: Accretion, rifting, rotation and collision in the North Atlantic supercontinent, 1700-950 Ma / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:219-248, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.12 --- A. Wikström, T. Skiöld, and B. Öhlander: The relationship between 1.88 Ga old magmatism and the Baltic-Bothnian shear zone in northern Sweden / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:249-259, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.13 --- J. N. Connelly and K-I. Åhäll: The Mesoproterozoic cratonization of Baltica — new age constraints from SW Sweden / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:261-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.14 --- J. F. Menuge and T. S. Brewer: Mesoproterozoic anorogenic magmatism in southern Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:275-295, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.15 --- J. N. Connelly, J. Berglund, and S. Å. Larson: Thermotectonic evolution of the Eastern Segment of southwestern Sweden: tectonic constraints from U-Pb geochronology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:297-313, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.16 --- Laurence M. Page, Michael B. Stephens, and Carl-Henric Wahlgren: 40Ar/39Ar geochronological constraints on the tectonothermal evolution of the Eastern Segment of the Sveconorwegian Orogen, south-central Sweden / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:315-330, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.17 --- S. Mertanen, L. J. Pesonen, and H. Huhma: Palaeomagnetism and Sm-Nd ages of the Neoproterozoic diabase dykes in Laanila and Kautokeino, northern Fennoscandia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:331-358, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.18 --- Trevor F. Emmett: The provenance of pre-Scandian continental flakes within the Caledonide Orogen of south-central Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:359-366, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.19 --- W. R. Fitches, N. J. G. Pearce, J. A. Evans, and R. J. Muir: Provenance of late Proterozoic Dalradian tillite clasts, Inner Hebrides, Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 112:367-377, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.112.01.20

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test sites and ice cover properties Beam testing Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Segregation freezing Analysis Heat conduction in the nascent ice layer Water flow in the unfrozen soil Heat transfer in the unfrozen soil Energy balance at the segregation-freezing front Numerical computation Literature cited Appendix A. Essence of Portnov’s method Appendix B. Frost-heaving without air available

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Background Objective and procedure Theory of plane surface waves Waveguide design and characteristics Physical apparatus Frequency characteristics Spatial distribution of Ey above the guide Guide wave length Surface wave interaction with a slab discontinuity Experiments with a trough Discussion and conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstrac Preface Introduction Analysis of stress Geometry of the Mohr circle Stress characteristic directions Analysis of strain rate Constitutive equations Strain-rate characteristic directions Constitutive geometry Strain-rate tensor The dyadic expression Plastic work rate Coordinate transformation Example The stress solution Velocity equations in the a-characteristic curvilinear coordinates The constant speed solution Velocity equations in the constant density region Solution in the first constant-density subregion Solution in the second constant-density subregion Solution in the passive region Conclusion Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Background Objectives Profiling system Approach Profiling method Data reduction and interpretation Results Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. Comparison of ground and aerial data

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Introduction Theory Solution by superposition Solution by Fourier integral Solution by Fourier series Application and results Literature cited Appendix A: Bearing capacity of river ice for military vehicles Appendix B: Vehicle specifications Appendix C: Fortran II computer program

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Foreword Introduction Terminology Principles of cutting Forces acting on a single cutter Theoretical Ideas on cutting Experimental data on cutting forces Effect of chipping depth on tool forces Effect of rake angle on tool forces Effect of relief angle on cutting forces Effect of side rake on tool forces Effect of base angle or face profile on tool forces Effect of rounding at the cutting edge Effect of tool width on cutting forces Tool compliance and force fluctuations Effect of tool speed on cutting forces Effect of rock properties on cutting forces Tool interaction and kerf spacing Effect of multiple pass cutting on tool forces Effect of tool wear on cutting forces Development of wear Energetics of cutting Energetics of parallel-motion tools Variation of specific energy with chipping depth for a single tool Effect of rake angle on specific energy Effect of relief angle on specific energy Effect of side rake on specific energy Effect of base angle or face profile on specific energy Effect of tip radius on specific energy Effect of tool width on specific energy Effect of tool speed on specific energy Variation of specific energy with rock properties Effect of kerf spacing on specific energy Effect of multiple pass cutting on specific energy Effect of tool wear on specific energy General summary Literature cited Appendix Α. Additional data for ice Appendix Β. Conversion factors: U.S. customary and metric units of measurement

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: US, customary to metric (SI) units of measurement Introduction Infrared camera Core samples State House State House Annex State Library Legislative Office Building Public Health Complex Highway Garage Fish and Game Offlces Supreme Court John O. Morton Building Department of Health and Welfare Laboratory Economics of roof reinsulation Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Conversion factors for U.S.customary and SI units Introduction Materials, instruments, measurements Experiments with water freezing in fine pores Freezing experiments with bulk water Summary and conclusions Literature cited

Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Test site Pile driving equipment Test instrumentation Testing procedures Pile driving data Pile type vs driving resistance Closed-end vs open-end piles Calculated bearing capacity of pile Effect of pile driving on the embedment medium Pile inclination Slurried-in-place piles Pile load test data Strain gage instrumentation and results Pile excavation Discussion and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Theoretical elastic deflection of piles supported by skin friction Appendix B: Trench floor arching study

Note: CONTENTS Page Abstract Preface Introduction Low slope roof problems and repair costs Protected membrane roofs and materials Installations of protected membrane roofs Performance evaluation Test program Effectiveness Thermal efficiency Heat balance Internal cooling due to rain Moisture absorption and thermal conductivity of insulations Durability and life expectancy Fire resistance Patent considerations Costs of roofs Design considerations Proposed specifications Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited

Note: Contents Introduction The discovery Age of the island Island visit Other islands of grounded ice Discussion Literature cited