ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.

Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction -- Part I: Forest and woodland biomes -- 2 White sand ecosystems in the Amazon basin: geographic distribution, distinctive features, and ecology. An overview -- 3 The forests of the Rio Negro basin in the north-western Amazon: a phytosociological classification -- 4 Amazon caatinga complex: sclerophyllous vegetation on nutrient-poor white sand soils -- Part II: Meadow biomes -- 5 Mapping white-sand ecosystems by integrating Global PALSAR-2 and SENTINEL-1 with NDVI (LANDSAT data) -- 6 The study areas: landscapes and soils -- 7 Soil properties, formation, distribution, and classification -- 8 Origin and sources of sand: from highlands to lowlands -- 9 Sand dynamics and distribution: a geo-sedimentological approach -- 10 Features and trends of meadow landscape evolution -- 11 Meadow phytodiversity: flora, endemism, vegetation types, and geographic distribution patterns -- 12 Synthesis: white-sand and meadow-vegetation relationships.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. What do we know about mammal movement in African tropical forests? -- 2. Movements patterns and population dynamics of giant forest hog groups in Kibale National Park, Uganda -- 3. Forest elephant movements in Central Africa – megafauna need megaspaces -- 4. Elephant movements, abundance and use of water sources in Kibale National Park, Uganda -- 5. Movement ecology and evolutionary history of forest buffalo -- 6. Site fidelity and home range shifts in a leaf-eating primate -- 7. Primate movements across the nutritional landscapes of Africa -- 8. Conditions facilitating a “landscape of fear from disease” in African forest mammals -- 9. Do seasonally frugivory and cognition shape foraging movements in wild western gorillas? -- 10. Females Move in Tight Crowds, Males Roam: Society and Movement Ecology of Mandrills -- 11. Linking Movement Ecology to Conservation Biology.

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Biomes: Concepts, Characteristics and Terminology -- Profiles of Angola’s Biomes and Ecoregiens -- Landscapes: Geology, Hydrology and Geomorphology.

Description / Table of Contents: Part 1: Introduction to squirrels of the world and their conservation trends. Chapter 1: The World’s Squirrel Taxonomy -- Chapter 2: Evolution, habitat trends, and extinction rate estimates of the world squirrels -- Part 2: Squirrels of the world in the Anthropocene. Chapter 3: Habitat Trends and the Squirrel-Human Interface -- Chapter 4: A Meta-analysis based on Open Access Big Data Mining of Global Predicted Squirrel Distribution Models with Machine Learning for IUCN Conservation Status and Trend Policy Assessments -- Chapter 5: Squirrels in Cities -- Chapter : Squirrels in the Tropics -- Chapter 7: Squirrels on Islands -- Chapter 8: Tree squirrels in old-growth forests? -- Chapter 9: Can squirrels be used as indicators to identify and protect old-growth forest reserves? -- Chapter 10: Squirrel Economics -- Part 3: Problems and governance in the squirrel world. Chapter 11: Squirrel Hunting Regulations and Enforcement (Or Lack Thereof) -- Chapter 12: Where do the World’s Squirrel Hotspots and Coldspots of 230+ species go with Climate change 2100? -- Chapter 13: Squirrel’s marginalization and modern lack of conservation and poor sustainability outlook as a call to good action -- Part 4: First conclusions and the way forward. Chapter 14: A Conservation Management SWOT analysis for over 300 Squirrels of the World using 132 GIS layers confirming the PESTLE assessment -- Chapter 15: First Conclusions, Success stories, and Calls-to-action for the conservation of the world’s squirrels.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction to Rangeland Wildlife Ecology and Conservation -- Part I Rangeland Ecosystems and Processes -- 2. Rangelands of Western North America -- 3. A History of North American Rangelands -- 4. Western Rangeland Livestock Production Systems and Grazing Management -- 5. Manipulation of Rangeland Wildlife Habitats -- 6. Role and Management of Fire in Rangelands -- 7. Water is Life: Importance and Management of Riparian Areas for Rangeland Wildlife -- 8. Rangeland Biodiversity -- Part II Species Accounts -- 9. Prairie Grouse -- 10. Sage-Grouse -- 11. Quails -- 12. Rangeland Songbirds -- 13. Wetland Birds of Rangelands -- 14. Avian Predators in Rangelands -- 15. Burrowing Rodents -- 16. Mesocarnivores of Western Rangelands -- 17. Black-tailed and Mule Deer -- 18. White-tailed Deer -- 19. Pronghorn -- 20. Elk -- 21. Feral Equids -- 22. Mountain Ungulates -- 23. American Bison -- 24. Large Carnivores -- 25. Amphibians and Reptiles -- 26. Insects in Grassland Ecosystems -- Part III Social-Ecological Considerations -- 27. Wildlife, Rural Communities, and the Rangeland Livelihoods they Share: Opportunities in a Diverse Economies Approach -- 28. Living with Predators: A 20-year Case Study in the Blackfoot River Watershed of Montana -- 29. A Perspective on Rangeland and Wildlife Disciplines: Similarities Over Differences -- 30. Future of Rangeland Wildlife in North America.

Description / Table of Contents: Part I - Money and its role in the economy -- 1. Introduction: the world is on a collision course -- 2. What is money? -- 3. Money is like the ‘blood’ of the economy -- Part II Money and the unsustainability in stricto sensu -- 4. The growth imperative inherent in our financial system -- 5. The effect of the money interest rate on money supply, demand and growth -- 6. Economic growth in the long run is unsustainable -- 7. Economic growth or unemployment -- Part III. Money and inequality -- 8. Our current monetary system produces income inequality -- 9. Moral-ethic aspects of interest-induced inequality -- Part IV Natural money as solution -- 10. Gesell’s solution -- 11. Gesell’s Solution to achieve the SDGs -- 12. How to implement Gesell’s solution in today’s world -- 13. Alternatives to Gesell’s solution -- 14. Experiences with Gesell’s solution -- Part V Outlook and final considerations -- 15. Towards a Development at Human Scale -- 16. Economic resilience in presence of externals shocks -- 17. Final considerations.

Description / Table of Contents: 1- Basic concepts of ecology applied on the neotropic ecosystems -- 2 - Natural resources and sustainable development in Peru -- 3 - Classification of the Peruvian Ecosystems -- 4 - Peruvian ecosystems geography -- 5 - Biodiversity and endemism of the Andes -- 6 - Ecological communities, populations and metapopulations -- 7 - Succession and change of the ecosystems -- 8 - Biodiversity of the Amazonia Basin -- 9 - Peruvian protected natural areas -- 10 - The paramo ecosystems -- 11 - The Humboldt National Forest -- 12 - The Northwest Biosphere Reserve -- 13 - Urban ecosystems and development -- 14 - Climate changes -- 15 - Traditional land-use systems and agrobiodiversity in Peru -- Index.

Description / Table of Contents: The world in flux – the Columbian Exchange D. Domenici -- Glimpses into the past: new world contributions towards understanding the basic etiology, pathobiology & treatment of rabies, Drishya Kurup et al -- The Diversity, Evolution and Emergence of Rabies Virus in the Americas, Edward C. Holmes & Erin H. Harvey -- The ecological range and principles of wildlife rabies virus perpetuation in the Americas, Amy T. Gilbert -- Historical Laboratory Contributions Supporting Rabies Diagnosis and Disease Prevention and Control in the Americas, Susan A. Nadin-Davis, et al -- Progression from nerve tissue vaccines to recombinant biologics, H. Ertl -- Wildlife Rabies Management in the New World: Prevention, Control and Elimination in Mesocarnivores, R. Chipman et al -- Management of vampire bats and rabies: past, present, and future, Tonie Rocke & Daniel Streicker -- Conflicting Perspectives on a Rabies Outbreak in a Venezuelan Rainforest, 2007-2008, C. Briggs -- Rabies, Medicine, and Culture: Dogs, Disease, and Urban Life in the United States, 1840-1920, Jessica Wang -- Historical disparities in health: rabies surveillance, risk factors and prevention, Amira Roess et al -- The Health Economics of Rabies in the Americas: An Historical Summary and a Synthesis of the Literature, S.A. Shwiff -- Towards the elimination of canine rabies in the americas: governance of a regional program, M. Vigilato et al -- Musing Over Non-technical Criticalities of Rabies Prevention and Control in the Americas, Victor J. Del Rio Vilas & Gilberto Montibeller.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Agro-biodiversity across the food chain -- 2. Emerging risks to plant health -- 3. Future-proofing Plants against Climate Change- A path to ensure Sustainable Food Systems -- 4. The role of Integrated Pest Management for sustainable food production: The soybean example -- 5. (Alternative approaches to pesticide use): Plant-derived pesticides -- 6. Antimicrobial use in animal food production -- 7. Impacts of environment-friendly unit operations on the functional properties of bee pollen -- 8. Microbiome applications for sustainable food systems -- 9. Healthier and sustainable food systems: integrating underutilized crops in a ‘Theory of Change Approach -- 10. Alternative proteins for food and feed.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction. Randall W. Myster -- 2. Mountain gradients in the Neotropics, a bracken fern perspective. Jorge Luis Avila Nuñez, Maria Pia Calcagno-Pissarelli, Miguel E. Alonso-Amelot -- 3. Effects of agricultural expansion on lotic benthic macroinvertebrate communities: a review and case study from Brazil. Elaine C. Corrêa and Ryan M. Utz -- 4. Plant competition across topographic gradients in Neotropical Cerrado savannas: an isotopic approach. Davi R. Rossatto and Augusto C. Franco -- 5. Diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates along altitudinal gradients in Colombian. Cesar E. Tamaris-Turizo, Gabriel A. Pinilla-A and Juan D. González-Trujillo -- 6. Intraspecific trait variability of emblematic grass and tree species from Venezuelan savannas across extended physical gradients. Zdravko Baruch -- 7. Latitudinal trends in scorpion assemblages of Brazilian Atlantic Forest: do the Rapoport’s and Bergmann’s rules apply? André F.A. Lira, Alessandra R.S. Andrade and Stênio I.A. Foerster -- 8. Species diversity of three faunal communities along a successional cloud forest gradient. Juan Manuel Díaz-García, Fabiola López-Barrera, Eduardo Pineda, Jorge Valenzuela-González and Adriana Sandoval-Comte -- -- 9. Ecohydrological gradient in Neotropical montane ecosystems: From tropical montane forests to glacier. Conrado Tobón, Erick Castro, and Jorge Luís Ceballos -- 10. Communities of small terrestrial arthropods change rapidly along a Costa Rican elevation gradient. M. Alex Smith, Connor Warne, Kate Pare, Sarah Dolson, Elyssa Loewen, Kelsey Jones, Megan McPhee, Lauren Stitt, Lauren Janke, Rebecca M. Smith, Heather Coatsworth, Alexandre M. M. C. Loureiro, Angel Solis, Carlos F. Viquez, Josephine Rodriguez, Jose Fernandez-Triana, Michael J. Sharkey, James Whitfield, Alejandro Masís, María Marta Chavarría, Roger Blanco, Felipe Chavarria, Eugenie Phillips-Rodríguez, Roberto Fernández, Dunia Garcia, Guillermo Pereira, Harry Ramirez, Manuel Pereira, Winnie Hallwachs and Daniel H. Janzen -- 11 Neotropical gradients of insect groups in Brazilian mountains. Lucas Neves Perillo, Frederico de Siqueira Neves, Flávio Siqueira de Castro and Ricardo Ribeiro de Castro Solar -- 12. Altitudinal Pattern of Soil Organic Carbon and Nutrients in a Tropical Forest in Puerto Rico. Dingfang Chen, Mei Yu, Grizelle González, Qiong Gao -- 13. Elevational and latitudinal species richness patterns of dung beetles in North and South America and the role played by historical factors. Jorge M. Lobo and José Gutiérrez -- 14. Diversity patterns of vascular plant groups along gradients of elevation and disturbance in Mexico. Jorge A. Gómez-Díaz, Alma P. Bautista-Bello, César I. Carvajal-Hernández, Valeria Guzmán-Jacob, María Leticia Monge-González and Thorsten Krömer -- 15 Gradients and the Structure of Neotropical Metacommunities: Effects of Disturbance -- Elevation, Landscape Structure, and Biogeography. Steven J. Presley, Michael R. Willig -- 16. Socioecological gradients: contesting traditional ecoclines to explain the high biocultural diversity of the Andean verdant. Fausto Sarmiento, Andreas Haller, Domenico Branca, Christiam Aguirre, Vladimir Kremsa, Carla Marchant, Masahito Yoshida -- 17. Conclusions, synthesis and future directions. Randall W. Myster.

Description / Table of Contents: Genetics of sex differences in immunity -- The influence of sex hormones and X chromosome in immune responses -- Sex Differences in HIV Infection -- Chapter 6: Effects of Biological Sex and Pregnancy on SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis and Vaccine Outcomes -- Biological sex and pregnancy affect influenza pathogenesis and vaccination -- Sex and gender differences in tuberculosis pathogenesis and treatment outcomes -- Sex-Linked Differences in Malaria Risk Across the Lifespan -- Sex Difference in Amebiasis -- Sex Differential and Non-Specific Effects of Vaccines Over the Life Course -- Immunology of pregnancy and systemic consequences.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter Two. Theories and Models -- Chapter 3. The Structure of Macroecological Data -- Chapter 4. Structure and Dynamics of Geographic Ranges -- Chapter 5. The Macroecological Understanding of Ecological Niches -- Chapter 6. Richness and Diversity Patterns -- Chapter 7. Macroecological Assemblages -- Chapter 8. Patterns in Body Size -- Chapter 9. From Theoretical to Applied Macroecology -- Chapter 10. Concluding Remarks. .

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction: The Marathon of the Messenger RNA -- Part I. Messenger RNA, an essential role and challenge -- Chapter 2. A short history of vaccination -- Chapter 3. From DNA to RNA -- Chapter 4. Messenger RNA (mRNA): from transcription to protein translation -- Chapter 5. The mechanism of viral infection -- Chapter 6. The immune response -- Part II. From preliminary studies to clinical trials -- Chapter 7. Promising studies in the 1990s -- Chapter 8. The use of mRNA - the initial technical obstacles -- Chapter 9. The birth of CureVac: the era of the pioneers -- Chapter 10. Solutions for mRNA optimization -- Chapter 11. Modified and unmodified mRNA: for what purpose? -- Chapter 12. Experiments and clinical trials conducted: the power of therapeutic mRNA -- Chapter 13. Experiments and clinical trials against infectious diseases -- Chapter 14. Experiments and clinical trials against cancer -- Chapter 15. Experiments and clinical trials carried out in other therapeutic fields -- Chapter 16. Modified mRNA versus unmodified mRNA: not just a scientific issue -- Part III. The triumph of messenger RNA -- Chapter 17. A very progressive diffusion in scientific circles -- Chapter 18. The development of future biotechs in the 2010s -- Chapter 19. The importance of intellectual property and patents -- Chapter 20. 2020: the triumph of anti-Covid mRNA vaccines -- Chapter 21. mRNA, a technology of the future.

Description / Table of Contents: Programmed Necrosis in Host Defense -- ZBP1/DAI-dependent Cell Death Pathways in Influenza A Virus Immunity and Pathogenesis -- Pyroptosis in Antiviral Immunity -- Manipulation of Host Cell Death Pathways by Herpes Simplex Virus -- Subversion of Programed Cell Death by Poxviruses -- Cell Killing by Reovirus: Mechanisms and Consequences -- Outcomes of RIP kinase signaling during neuroinvasive viral infection.

Description / Table of Contents: 1 Cells and tissues of the immune system -- 2 Innate immunity and inflammation -- 3 Adaptive immunity and antigen receptor diversity -- 4 B cell immunity: BCRs, antibodies and their effector functions -- 5 Antigen-presenting cells and the major histocompatibility complex -- 6 T cell immunity: TCRs and their effector functions -- 7 Immunity to bacterial pathogens and the microbiome -- 8 Immunity to viral pathogens and the virome -- 9 Tolerance and transplantation immunology -- 10 Immunological hypersensitivities: Allergy and autoimmunity -- 11 Cancer immunology.

Description / Table of Contents: 1 General Introduction -- 2 Peace Ecology in the Anthropocene for Africa -- 3 Civil Society, Climate Change, Security Risks Management and Peacebuilding in the Anthropocene -- 4 Faith-based Organisations and Environmental Peace: Impact of Laudato Si’ and Its Relevance in the Anthropocene -- 5 Healing Nature and Creation in the Anthropocene: A Reflection on the Role of Religion -- 6 Empowering Women to Build Peace: A Case Study of Grace to Heal Trust in Lupane District -- 7 Peacebuilding through Indigenous Knowledge Systems: Lessons from Civil Society Organisations in Zimbabwe -- 8 Civil Society and Peacebuilding in the Kivu Provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo -- 9 Zimbabwe’s National Peace and Reconciliation Commission and Civil Society: Partners in Peacebuilding? -- 10 Civil Society and Peacebuilding in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Opportunities, Challenges and Recommendations -- 11 Promoting Democratisation in DR Congo: The Case Study of Act for Transparent and Peaceful Elections -- 12 Civil Society Organisations and School Peace Clubs in South Africa: An Outcome Evaluation -- 13 The Challenges and Opportunities for Civil Society in Peacebuilding: Lessons from the Matabeleland Collective, Zimbabwe -- 14 The Role of Civil Society Participation in Social Cohesion Processes in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.-15 Building the Capacity of Civil Society Organisations in Nonviolent Campaigning: A Case Study from South Sudan -- 16 How Informal Peace Committees Complement Macro-infrastructures for Peace in Zimbabwe -- 17 Protecting and Nurturing Children Born from Rape in South Kivu Communities: A Challenge for Civil Society -- 18 Indigenous Peacebuilding Approaches and the Accountability of Former Child Soldiers: African Case Studies -- 19 Navigating Channels for Civil Society Participation in Conflict Prevention and Peace-Making in the African Peace & Security Architecture -- 20 Centre-periphery Relations Between Civil Society Organisations and External Funding Partners: A Case Study of South Kivu’s Peace and Development Agenda. .

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Cancer immunoediting - elimination, equilibrium and immune escape in solid tumors -- Chapter 2: Tumor – Stroma Interaction and Cancer. - Chapter 3: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and their role in solid tumor progression -- Chapter 4: Tumor-associated macrophages – reasons to be cheerful, reasons to be fearful -- Chapter 5: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils and tumors: friend or foe? -- Chapter 6: Role of NK cells in tumor progression -- Chapter 7: The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor growth and metastasis -- Chapter 8: Cancer stem cells – an ever hiding foe -- Chapter 9: Adoptive T-cell immunotherapy – Perfecting self-defenses -- Chapter 10: Monoclonal antibodies to CTLA-4 with focus on ipilimumab.

Description / Table of Contents: Chap 1: Disturbance ecology: a guideline -- Chap 2: Definitions and quantifications -- Chap 3: Concepts -- Chap 4: Abiotic disturbances -- Chap 5: Biotic disturbances -- Chap 6: Anthropogenic disturbances -- Chap 7: Disturbances in global change -- Chap 8: Disturbances and management.

Description / Table of Contents: Overview of Immune response -- Metabolic Pathway: from biochemistry to bench -- Mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in healthy and diseases -- Epigenetic regulation of metabolic pathways -- Metabolic pathways and cells signaling -- Metabolic profile of innate and adaptive immune cells -- Metabolic sensors and immunopathology -- Obesity, metabolic syndrome and inflammation.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Antimicrobials in livestock production and its cross-domain dynamics -- 2. Antibiotics and resistance in environment -- 3. Antimicrobials in agriculture and its implications in antimicrobial resistance -- 4. Modern diagnostic tools for rapid detection of multidrug resistance -- 5. The use of antimicrobials in agriculture and socio-economic considerations in a global world -- 6. Epidemiology of microbial infections -- 7. Socioeconomic impact of antimicrobial resistance and their integrated mitigation by One Health approach -- 8. Regulations in antimicrobial drug development: Challenges, and new incentives -- 9. New insights into and updates on antimicrobial agents -- 10. Polyphenols as emerging antimicrobial agents -- 11. Antimicrobial peptides and small molecules as antibiotics substitute -- 12. Molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus biofilms -- 13. Antimicrobial resistance: Meaning and developing realization -- 14. Chemical diversity in fungi: strategies to mitigate antimicrobial resistance -- 15. Phage therapy as an alternative treatment in the fight against AMR: Real-world problems and possible futures -- 16. Omics and in-silico approaches in the surveillance and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance -- 17. Antimicrobial activity of bioactive compounds (Thymoquinone & Eugenol) and its nanoformulations therapeutic potential -- 18. Nanoparticles as a future alternative against multiple drug resistance -- 19. Nano-cargos boarded defensins to combat multi-drug resistance -- 20. Implementation of nano-vehicles to disguise and fight multi-drug resistance -- 21. Silver nanoparticles as potent multi-drug resistant in-corporants in biomedicine -- 22. Role of gold nanoparticles against bacterial multidrug resistance (MDR): An emerging therapeutic revolution -- 23. Carbon nanoparticles: A potential cost-effective approach to counter antimicrobial resistance -- 24. Antimicrobial interfaces as augmentative strategy against antimicrobial resistance -- 25. Nano-Strategies against rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR): Metallic nanoparticles as nano-weapon. .

Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Molecular Virology of Chikungunya Virus -- Understanding molecular pathogenesis with chikungunya virus research tools -- Chronic Chikungunya Virus Disease -- Chikungunya Virus Vaccines: Platforms, Progress, and Challenges -- Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Chikungunya Virus.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. From observing children in traditional upbringing to concepts of health -- Chapter 2. Human evolution, microorganisms, socioeconomic status and reconciling necessary microbial exposures with essential hygiene -- Chapter 3. Biodiversity, microbiomes, and human health -- Chapter 4. Regulation of host immunity by the gut microbiota -- Chapter 5. The gut microbiota and host metabolism -- Chapter 6. The impacts of the microbiota on animal development and physiology -- Chapter 7. The development of the gut microbiota in childhood, and its distortion by lifestyle changes -- Chapter 8. Distortion of the microbiota of the natural environment by human activities -- Chapter 9. The nature and functions of vertebrate skin microbiota -- Chapter 10. The influence of the microbiota on brain structure and function: Implications for stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders -- Chapter 11. Neurodegenerative diseases and the gut microbiota -- Chapter 12. Clinical application of the biodiversity hypothesis in the management of allergic disorders. .

Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- mRNA-based vaccines and mode of action -- Self-Amplifying mRNA-Based Vaccine Technology and its Mode of Action -- Formulation and Delivery Technologies for mRNA Vaccines -- Messenger RNA-based vaccines against infectious diseases -- Emerge gate for Therapeutics applications of mRNA based drug -- Clinical Development of mRNA Vaccines: Challenges and Opportunities -- Regulatory Considerations on the Development of mRNA Vaccines.

Description / Table of Contents: Part I: Conceptualizing human-nature interactions -- Chapter 1. Conceptualizing human-nature interactions – an overview -- Chapter 2. Environmental Values and Nature’s Contributions to People: Towards methodological pluralism in evaluation of sustainable ecosystem services -- Chapter 3. Disentangling trade-offs between the state of coastal ecosystems with human well-being and activities as a strategy addressing sustainable tourism -- Chapter 4. From human-nature dualism towards more integration in socio-ecosystems studies -- Chapter 5. A network approach to Green Infrastructure: how to enhance ecosystem services provision? -- Chapter 6. Transformations of urban coastal nature(s): Meanings and paradoxes of Blue Urbanism and nature-based solutions for climate adaptation in Southeast Asia -- Part II: Mountain systems -- Chapter 7. Values of mountain landscapes: Insights about the Blue Mountains National Park, Australia from Twitter -- Chapter 8. Earth observations of human-nature interactions from a cultural ecosystem service perspective -- Chapter 9. Gendered Values, Roles, and Challenges for Sustainable Provision of Forest-based Ecosystem Services in Nepal -- Chapter 10. Environmental [in]equity: Accessibility to green spaces in a rapidly urbanizing mountain-city -- Chapter 11. Ecosystem services and sustainable development in the European Alps: spatial patterns and mountain-lowland relationships -- Chapter 12. Human-nature relationships for the Flathead Wild and Scenic River System: Analyzing diversity, synergies, and tensions in a mountainous region of Montana, USA -- Chapter 13. Resilience and sustainability of the Maloti-Drakensberg mountain system: a case study on the upper uThukela catchment -- Chapter 14. Invasive alien plants in the montane areas of South Africa: impacts and management options -- Part III: Urban systems -- Chapter 15. Ecosystem service flows across the rural-urban spectrum -- Chapter 16. A typology for green infrastructure planning to enhance multifunctionality incorporating peri-urban agricultural land -- Chapter 17. Urban green spaces in a post-apartheid city: challenges and opportunities for nature-based solutions -- Chapter 18. Green infrastructure and ecosystem services within spatial structure of city – examples from Poznań, Poland -- Chapter 19. Accessibility to and fragmentation of urban green infrastructure: importance for adaptation to climate change -- Chapter 20. Social Demand for Urban Wilderness in Purgatory -- Chapter 21. The Role of Allotment Gardens for Connecting Nature and People -- Chapter 22. Green spaces and their social functions: specific challenges in urban spaces of arrival -- Chapter 23. The link between urban green space planning tools and distributive, procedural and recognition justice -- Part IV: Coastal-marine systems -- Chapter 24. Can local knowledge of Small-scale fishers be used to monitor and assess changes in marine ecosystems in a European context? -- Chapter 25. Marine ecological democracy: participatory marine planning in Indigenous marine areas in Chile -- Chapter 26. The Socio-Ecological Dimension of Ocean Multi-Use -- Chapter 27. Localizing the Sustainable Development Goals for marine and coastal management in Norway: A venture overdue -- Chapter 28. Coastal-Marine ecosystem accounting to support Integrated Coastal Zone Management -- Chapter 29. Exposure of coastal ecosystem services to natural hazards in the Bangladesh coast -- Chapter 30. Adaptations to climate variability in fisheries and aquaculture social-ecological systems in the Northern Humboldt Current Ecosystem: challenges and solutions -- Chapter 31. Socio-Ecological transformations in coastal wetlands: an approach from the south-central zone of Chile -- Chapter 32. A Nature-based Solution for coastal foredune restoration: The Case Study of Maghery, County Donegal, Ireland.

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Changes in primary and secondary lymphoid organs (bone marrow, thymus, lymph nodes, spleen) -- Immune barriers (skin, mucosa) -- Innate immunity (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages) -- Adaptive immunity (T and B lymphocytes: naïve, effector and memory phenotypes and functions) -- ReIntroduction -- Changes in primary and secondary lymphoid organs (bone marrow, thymus, lymph nodes, spleen) -- Immune barriers (skin, mucosa) -- Innate immunity (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages) -- Adaptive immunity (T and B lymphocytes: naïve, effector and memory phenotypes and functions) -- Regulatory/suppressive cells (Treg, MDSC) -- Infections - Flu, pneumonia, COVID -- Vaccine responses -- Cancer -- Neurodegenerative disease -- Lifestyle/Interventions(physical activity, nutrition, supplements). .

Description / Table of Contents: C ontents -- Part 1. Theory -- To Understand Economics, Follow the Money: To Understand Ecosystems, Follow the Energy -- Two Views of Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation -- Why I Wrote this Book -- Dualities Still Impede Conservation Efforts -- The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform of Biodiversity -- Targets for Conservation -- Evolving Objectives -- Literature Review -- Updating Ecosystem Ecology -- References -- What Can We Learn by Studying Ecosystems that We Can’t Learn from Studying Populations? -- The Predator-Prey Conundrum -- The Serengeti Ecosystem -- Evolution in the “Ecological Theater” -- Predator-Prey Interactions Tell Only Part of the Story -- Evolution in the “Thermodynamic Theater” -- References -- A Thermodynamic Definition of Ecosystems -- Ecosystems in the 20th Century -- Cycling of Strontium-90 -- Cesium-137 in Food Chains -- Recycling of Isotopes in Norwegian Sheep -- Ecological Energetics -- Is it Time to Bury the Ecosystem Concept? -- A Thermodynamic Definition of Life -- A Thermodynamic Definition of Ecosystems -- The Phase Transition between Order and Chaos -- References -- Thermodynamic Characteristics of Ecosystems -- Equilibrium -- The Equilibrium Law -- Thermodynamic Equilibrium -- Open Thermodynamic Systems -- Ecosystems are Thermodynamically Open Non-Equilibrium Systems -- Work is Performed by Non-equilibrium Systems -- Advantage of a Thermodynamically Open System -- 4.3 Ecosystems are Entropic -- 4.4 Ecosystems are Cybernetic -- Cybernetic Systems -- Economic Systems are Cybernetic Ecosystems are Cybernetic -- The Ecosystem Feedback Function -- Indirect vs. Direct Feedback -- Deviation Dampening and Amplifying Feedback -- Set Points -- Ecosystems are Autocatalytic -- Ecosystems have Boundaries -- Ecosystems are Hierarchical -- Hierarchy in Physical Systems -- Hierarchy in Ecological Systems -- Common Currencies -- Macro-and Micro-System Models -- Why an Ecosystem Model that Includes Everything is not Possible -- A Nested Marine Community -- Ecosystems are Deterministic -- Ecosystems are Information Rich -- An Engineering Definition of Information -- Information to Facilitate Exchange -- High Energy Information -- Low Energy Information -- Information Theory -- Genetic Information -- Ecosystems are Non-Teleological -- Criticisms of Ecosystem Models -- References -- Ecosystem Control: A Top-Down View -- Two Ways to Look at Systems -- Composing and Decomposing Trophic Webs -- Decomposers in Soil Organic Matter -- Decomposers in Marshes and Mangroves -- Control of Systems -- Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up -- Top-Down Exogenous Control -- Exogenous Impacts and Stability -- Top-Down Endogenous Control -- Endogenous Control through Nutrient Recycling -- Autocatalysis -- Control of Microbial Activity -- Inhibition of Microbial Activity by Leaf Sclerophylly -- Inhibition of Microbial Activity Chemical Defenses -- Inhibition of Microbial Activity by Ecological Stoichiometry -- The Synchrony Principle -- The Decay Law -- Direct Nutrient Cycling -- The Role of Animals -- Indirect Interactions -- Marine Systems -- Nutrient and Energy Recycling -- Exogenous Control -- Control in Lakes -- Control in Managed Ecosystems -- References -- Ecosystem Control: A Bottom-Up View -- Species as Arbitrageurs of Energy -- Relation Between Rate of Flow and Mass in Hydraulic Systems -- Relation Between Population Biomass and Rate of Energy Flow -- Equilibrium -- Mechanisms of Adjustment -- Adjustments and Climate Change -- Bird Populations -- Dis-equilibrium -- Population Instability vs. Ecosystem Instability -- Control by Interactions: Direct vs. Indirect -- Indirect Interactions -- Direct Interactions -- Predator – Prey -- Mutualisms -- Competition -- Decomposition -- Parasitism and Disease -- Commensalism and Amensalism -- Persistence of Negative Interactions -- References -- Ecosystem Stability -- Background -- A Thermodynamic Definition -- Regime Shift -- Metastability -- Pulsed Stability -- Resistance and Resilience -- Species Richness and Functional Stability -- Species Richness and Cultural Values -- Keystone Species, and Population and Ecosystem Stability -- 7.5.1 Keystone Species in the Yellowstone region of Wyoming -- References -- 8. Case Studies of Ecosystem Control and Stability -- Walden -- “Harmony in Nature” -- Feedback Produces Nature’s “Harmony” -- Feedback Mechanisms -- Perturbations in Amazon Rain Forests -- Top-Down Control -- The San Carlos Project: A Small-scale, Low Intensity, Short Duration Disturbance -- 8.3.2 The Jarí Project: A Large-scale, High Intensity, Long Duration Disturbance -- Bottom-Up Control -- The El Verde Project -- The Long-Term Ecological Research Project in Puerto Rico -- The Lago Guri Island Project -- The Biological Dynamics of Tropical Rainforest Fragments Project -- What have Case Studies Taught us about Stability of Tropical Ecosystems? -- Tropical Ecosystems are Stable -- Tropical Ecosystems are Unstable -- Energy Flow in Tropical Savannas and Rain Forests -- Insects in Tropical Ecosystems -- Application of Lessons to Other Regions -- Relevance to Temperate Zones -- Relevance to Aquatic Ecosystems -- The Experimental Lakes Project (Ecosystem Control of Species) -- Lake Mendota Studies (Species Control of Ecosystems) -- 8.7 Case Studies as Tests of Thermodynamic Theory -- References -- Entropy and Maximum Power -- Entropy -- 9.2 Entropy in a Steel Bar -- Thermodynamic Equilibrium -- Entropic Gradients -- Capturing and Storing Entropy -- Evapotranspiration and Entropy Reduction -- Life is a Balance between Storing and Releasing Entropy -- The Law of Maximum Entropy Production -- Energy for Metabolism as well as Growth -- Unassisted Entropy Capture is a Unique Characteristic of Life.-9.6Entropy Storage by Ecosystems -- 9.6.1 What Causes Entropy to be Stored? -- 9.7 Capturing Pressure -- 9.8 Entropy and Time -- 9.8.1 Time’s Speed Regulator -- Efficiency of Energy Transformations -- Passage of Time for Cats -- 9.9The Maximum Power Principle.-9.10 Optimum Efficiencies for a Truck and its Driver.-9.11 Sustainability -- References -- A Thermodynamic View of Succession -- 10.1 The Population View -- 10.2 The Thermodynamic View -- 10.2.1 Leaf Area Index and Succession -- 10.2.2 Power Output as a Function of Leaf Area Index -- 10.2.3 What Causes Changes in Leaf Area Index? -- 10.2.4 Maximum Entropy Production Principle -- 10.2.5 Successional Ecosystems Move Further from Thermodynamic Equilibrium -- 10.2.6 Entropy Storage by Animals -- 10.3 The Strategy of Ecosystem Development -- A Problem with Odum’s Strategy -- Why Power Output Continues to Increase -- Revised Definition of Maximum Power -- Costs of Ecosystem Stabilization -- Transactional Costs -- Succession, Power Output, and Efficiency -- 10.5.1 Kleiber’s Law -- Are Ecosystems Spendthrifts? -- Interactions Between Species Facilitate Increase in Power Output -- Facilitation -- Tolerance -- Inhibition -- Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis -- Nutrient Use Efficiency during Succession -- Succession Following Logging vs Following Agriculture -- 10.10 Thermodynamic View of Succession: Implications for Resource Management -- References -- Panarchy -- The Universal Cycle of Systems -- Panarchy -- Thermodynamic Interpretation of the Sacred Rules -- 11.2.1 Growth and Consolidation -- 11.2.2 Collapse -- Renewal -- Sub-systems -- Panarchy over 2 Billion Years of Evolution -- Consolidation, Bureaucracy and System Collapse -- Bureaucracy in Action (Case Studies) -- Case Study: Panarchy in the Georgia Piedmont -- Thermodynamic Interpretation -- References -- 12. A Thermodynamic View of Evolution -- 12.1 Life – A Physicist's View -- 12.1.1 Life is Produced by Capturing Entropy -- 12.1.2 The Origin of Life -- 12.2 Two Approaches to Evolution -- 12.2.1 The Eco-Evo-Devo View -- 12.2.2 The Thermodynamic View -- 12.2.3 Fitness -- 12.2.4 The “Goal” of Evolution -- 12.3 The Relationship between Species and Environment -- 12.3.1 Evolution’s “Theater” -- 12.3.2 Is Evolution Stochastic or Deterministic? -- 12.4 Ecosystem Evolution -- 12.4.1 Succession was the Clue -- 12.4.2 Ecosystems Moved away from Equilibrium -- 12.4.3 Thermodynamic Mechanisms -- 12.4.4 Biological Mechanisms -- 12.4.5 Ecosystem Fitness -- 12.4.6 Ecosystems Evolve One Step at a Time -- 12.5. The Origin of Ecosystems -- 12.5.1 Origin of Feedback Loops -- 12.5.2 Origin of Trophic Levels -- 12.5.3 Why are there Trophic Levels? -- 12.6 The “Goal” of Ecosystem Evolution -- 12.6.1 Conflicting Goals? -- 12.6.2 “Motivations” of Species -- 12.6.3 The Earth Ecosystem -- 12.6.4 Why is there Resistance to the Idea of Ecosystem Evolution? -- 12.6.5 Evolution of Economic Systems -- 12.7 A Thermodynamic Model of Ecosystem Evolution -- 12.7.1 Network Models -- 12.7.2 Increase in Complexity of Trophic Webs -- 12.7.3 Evolution of Trophic Webs -- 12.7.4 Life Moves Ashore -- 12.8 Biodiversity and the Five Great Extinctions -- 12.8.1 The Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) Boundary Extinction -- 12.8.2The Amazing Sustainability of Trophic Chains -- 12.8.3 A Test of Thermodynamic Theory -- 12.9 Panarchy and Evolution -- 12.10 Thermodynamic Requirements for Living Systems on Other Planets -- References -- -- Why is Species Diversity Higher in the Tropics? -- 13.1 Tropical Explorations -- 13.2 A Few Theories -- 13.3 A Thermodynamic Explanation -- 13.3.1 The Latitudinal Energy Gradient -- 13.3.2 The Latitudinal Productivity Gradient -- 13.3.3 The Data -- 13.3.4 Other Factors Affecting Productivity -- 13.4 Empirical Evidence for a High Productivity High Diversity Correlation -- 13.5 Humboldt’s Enigma -- 13.5.1 Are Productivity and Species Richness Correlated on Tropical -- Mountains? -- 13.6 The Mechanism Linking Productivity and Diversity -- 13.7 Answer to “Why is Species Diversity Higher in the Tropics?” -- 13.7.1 Differences within the Tropics -- 13.8 Why is Species Diversity Low at High Latitudes? -- 13.9 An Economic Perspective on D.

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: Taxonomy, distribution and conservation status of wild guanaco’s populations -- 1. Zooarchaeological and socio-anthropological perspective of the human - guanaco (Lama guanicoe) interaction over the last 6000 years in the Patagonia, Argentina -- 2. Interspecific competition between guanacos and livestock and its impact on Patagonian rangelands: review and synthesis -- 3. Health status of Patagonian guanaco and its relevance for conservation -- 4. Patagonian pumas and their ungulate prey in the 21st century, a key interaction in a degraded environment -- 5. International policies and national legislation concerning guanaco conservation, management and trade in Argentina -- 6. Guanaco sustainable management as a conservation strategy and socioeconomic rural development -- 7. Historical perspective and current advances in ecology, conservation and management of the guanaco in the Chilean Patagonia -- 8. Lessons for the future of conservation and sustainable use of guanacos.

Description / Table of Contents: Part I: About Environmental Education -- Chapter 1 - Training and dissemination about the Environment: keys to impulse the abiotic component of Environmental Education -- Chapter 2 Educating to deliver environmentally focused social innovation -- Chapter 3 - Environmental education for sustainable development: working for fundamental rights -- Chapter 4 - Nature as a teaching resource and the nature of learning -- Part II: Environmental Education and it´s Teaching -- Chapter 5 - The importance of Nature-based solutions to enhance Cabo Verde's Environment -- Chapter 6- Development of Scientific Literacy and the impact of environmental attitudes of citizens in a geological natural space -- Chapter 7- A PBL approach to Environmental Education through a Field Trip and a Science Centre Visit -- Chapter 8- Living labs in higher education: sustainable buildings technologies -- Chapter 9 - What is doing Latin America regarding the teaching of Nature-based solutions to boost Environmental Education? -- Chapter 10 - Lessons learned from including aquaponic experiments into five different tertiary education curricula -- Chapter 11 - Recommendations for promoting Environmental Education through Nature-based solutions at Turkish Higher Education Institutes -- Part III: Environmental Education and Social Engagement -- Chapter 12 - Bees and Society: native biodiversity as a strategy for environmental education based on the processes of nature -- Chapter 13- Perceptions about Sustainable Development of visitants in an Environmental Education Natural Park -- Chapter 14 - Start Park project: co-designing green-blue infrastructures to build resilient communities to climate change -- Chapter 15 - Societal embedding in geoparks: a case study in Portugal -- Chapter 16 - Environmental Education in Naturtejo UNESCO Global Geopark (Portugal): a nature-based approach -- Part IV: – Environmental Education and Nature-Based Solutions -- Chapter 17- Green Roof and walls technology standardisation and market across Europe -- Chapter 18- How Nature-Based Solutions can Contribute to Enhance Circularity in Cities -- Chapter 19- Nature-based solutions to promote environmental education on integral ecological sanitation -- Chapter 20 - Nature-based solutions for environmental education in the East Asian context -- Chapter 21- Decarbonizing the European energy sector: frameworks, examples and how education plays a key role -- Chapter 22- Nature-based solutions for water pollution control: promoting environmental education through case studies.

Description / Table of Contents: Class I PI3K biology -- Class II PI3K biology -- Class III PI3K biology -- PTEN in immunity -- PHLPP Signaling in Immune Cells -- PHLPP Signaling in Immune Cells -- PI3K isoforms in cell signalling and innate immune cell responses -- AKT isoforms in macrophage activation, polarization and survival -- Control of CD4+ T cell Differentiation and Function by PI3K isoforms. -- PI3K isoforms in CD8+ T cell development and function -- PI3K isoforms in B cells -- PI3K isoform signalling in platelets -- PI3K isoforms in vascular biology, a focus on the vascular system-immune response connection -- PI3K and AKT at the Interface of Signaling and Metabolism -- The Role of PI3K Isoforms in Autoimmune Disease -- AKT Isoforms in the Immune Response in Cancer -- PI3K isoform immunotherapy for solid tumours -- PI3K targeting in non-solid cancer -- AKT isoforms as a target in cancer and immunotherapy -- Developing PI3K Inhibitors for Respiratory Diseases.

Description / Table of Contents: PRELIMINARY (ToC of second edition) 1 Plant ecology at high elevations -- The concept of limitation -- A regional and historical account -- The challenge of alpine plant research -- 2 The alpine life zone -- Altitudinal boundaries -- Global alpine land area -- Alpine plant diversity -- Origin of alpine floras -- Alpine growth forms -- 3 Alpine climate -- Which alpine climate -- Common features of alpine climates -- Regional features of alpine climates -- 4 The climate plants experience -- Interactions of relief, wind and sun -- How alpine plants influence their climate -- The geographic variation of alpine climate -- 5 Life under snow: protection and limitation -- Temperatures under snow -- Solar radiation under snow -- Gas concentrations under snow -- Plant responses to snowpack -- 6 Alpine soils -- Physics of alpine soil formation -- The organic compound -- The interaction of organic and inorganic compounds -- 7 Alpine treelines -- About trees and lines -- Current altitudinal positions of climatic treelines -- Treeline-climate relationships -- Intrazonal variations and pantropical plateauing of alpine treelines -- Treelines in the past -- Attempts at a functional explanation of treelines -- A hypothesis for treeline formation -- Growth trends near treelines -- Evidence for sink limitation -- 8 Climatic stress -- Survival of low temperature extremes -- Avoidance and tolerance of low temperature extremes -- Heat stress in alpine plants -- Ultraviolet radiation — a stress factor -- 9 Water relations -- Ecosystem water balance -- Soil moisture at high altitudes -- Plant water relations — a brief review of principles -- Water relations of alpine plants -- Desiccation stress -- Water relations of special plant types -- 10 Mineral nutrition -- Soil nutrients -- The nutrient status of alpine plants -- Nutrient cycling and nutrient budgets -- Nitrogen fixation -- Mycorrhiza -- Responses of vegetation to variable nutrient supply -- 11 Uptake and loss of carbon -- Photosynthetic capacity of alpine plants -- Photosynthetic responses to the environment -- Daily carbon gain of leaves -- The seasonal carbon gain of leaves -- C4 and CAM photosynthesis at high altitudes -- Tissue respiration of alpine plants -- Ecosystem carbon balance -- 12 Carbon investments -- Non-structural carbohydrates -- Lipids and energy content -- Carbon costs of leaves and roots -- Whole plant carbon allocation -- 13 Growth dynamics and phenology -- Seasonal growth -- Diurnal leaf extension -- Rates of plant dry matter accumulation -- Functional duration of leaves and roots -- 14 Cell division and tissue formation -- Cell size and plant size -- Mitosis and the cell cycle -- From meristem activity to growth control -- 15 Plant biomass production -- The structure of alpine plant canopies -- Primary productivity of alpine vegetation -- Plant dry matter pools -- Biomass losses through herbivores -- 16 Plant reproduction -- Flowering and pollination -- Seed development and seed size -- Germination -- Alpine seed banks and natural recruitment -- Clonal propagation -- Alpine plant age -- Community processes -- 17 Global change at high elevation -- Alpine land use -- The impact of altered atmospheric chemistry -- Climatic change and alpine ecosystems -- References (with chapter annotation) -- Taxonomic index (genera) -- Geographical index -- Color plates -- Plant life forms -- The alpine life zone -- Environmental stress -- The human dimension.

Description / Table of Contents: Part 1: Historical and biogeographical aspects -- The Atlantic Forest: an introduction to the megadiverse forest of Southern America -- The Atlantic Forest Ecological History: from pre-history to the Anthropocene -- The North-eastern Atlantic Forest: biogeographical, historical and current aspects in the Sugarcane Zone -- The Hileia Baiana - an assessment of natural and historical aspects of the land use and degradation of the central corridor of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest -- The southern Atlantic Forest: Use, degradation, and perspectives for conservation -- Part II – Biodiversity -- Tree diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: biases and general patterns using different sources of information -- Vascular Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest: diversity and community ecology -- Social Insects of the Atlantic Forest -- Tetrapod diversity in the Atlantic Forest: maps and gaps -- Freshwater Studies in Atlantic Forest: general overview and prospects -- Part III – Threats -- Land-cover changes and an uncertain future: will the Brazilian Atlantic Forest lose the chance to become a hopespot? -- Climate change and biodiversity in the Atlantic Forest: best climatic models, predicted changes and impacts, and adaptation options -- Non-native species introductions, invasions, and biotic homogenization in the Atlantic Forest -- Causes and consequences of large-scale defaunation in the Atlantic forest -- Pollination systems in the Atlantic Forest: characterization, threats, and opportunities -- IV - Opportunities -- Atlantic Forest: ecosystem services linking people and biodiversity -- Changing the agriculture paradigm in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: the importance of agroforestry -- Engaging people for large-scale forest restoration: Governance lessons from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil -- The Atlantic Forest Trail: connecting people, biodiversity and protected areas -- Conservation initiatives in the Brazilian Atlantic forest -- Financing conservation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest -- Integrating researchers for understanding the biodiversity in Atlantic Forest -- The future of the Atlantic Forest.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Overview of Immunodeficiency -- Part I. B-Lymphocyte Immunodeficiency -- Chapter 2. Common Variable Immunodeficiency, Hypogammaglobulinemia, and Specific Antibody Deficiency -- Chapter 3. Agammaglobulinemia -- Chapter 4. Class Switch Defects -- Chapter 5. Transient Immunodeficiency of Infancy -- Chapter 6. Selective Isotype Immunodeficiency -- Chapter 7. Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders-like Disorders -- Part II. T-Cell Immunodeficiency -- Chapter 8. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency -- Chapter 9. Idiopathic CD4 Lymphopenia -- Chapter 10. Hyper IgE Syndrome -- Chapter 11. Genetic Syndromes with Associated Immunodeficiencies -- Part III. Immune Dysregulation Syndromes -- Chapter 12. Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome -- Chapter 13. Auto-inflammatory Syndromes -- Chapter 14. Immune Dysregulation Leading to Autoimmunity -- Chapter 15. Dendritic Cells in Primary Immunodeficiency -- Part IV. Innate Immune Defects -- Chapter 16. Congenital Neutropenia and Migration Defects -- Chapter 17. Chronic Granulomatous Disease -- Chapter 18. Primary Immunodeficiencies of Complement -- Chapter 19. Natural Killer Cell Defects -- Chapter 20. Mucocutaneous Candidiasis -- Part V. Secondary Immunodeficiency -- Chapter 21. Immunodeficiency Secondary to Malignancies and Biologics -- Chapter 22. Immunodeficiency Secondary to Prematurity, Pregnancy, and Aging -- Chapter 23. Vaccinations in Primary and Secondary Immunodeficiencies Including Asplenia.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction (Deborah C. Hayes, Becky K. Kerns, Toral Patel-Weynand, and Deborah M. Finch) -- Chapter 2. Impacts of Invasive Species in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States (Albert E. Mayfield III, Steven J. Seybold, Wendell R. Haag, M. Tracy Johnson, Becky K. Kerns, John C. Kilgo, Daniel J. Larkin, Rima D. Lucardi, Bruce D. Moltzan, Dean E. Pearson, John D. Rothlisberger, Jeffrey D. Schardt, Michael K. Schwartz, and Michael K. Young) -- Chapter 3. Impacts of Invasive Species on Forest and Grassland Ecosystem Processes in the United States (Chelcy Ford Miniat, Jennifer M. Fraterrigo, Steven T. Brantley, Mac A. Callaham, Jr., Susan Cordell, Jeffrey S. Dukes, Christian P. Giardina, Shibu Jose, and Gary Lovett) -- Chapter 4. Effects of Climate Change on Invasive Species (Deborah M. Finch, Jack L. Butler, Justin B. Runyon, Christopher J. Fettig, Francis F. Kilkenny, Shibu Jose, Susan J. Frankel, Samuel A. Cushman, Richard C. Cobb, Jeffrey S. Dukes, Jeffrey A. Hicke, and Sybill K. Amelon) -- Chapter 5. Invasive Species Response to Natural and Anthropogenic Disturbance (Susan E. Meyer, Mac A. Callaham, Jr., Jane E. Stewart, and Steven D. Warren) -- Chapter 6. Early Intervention Strategies for Invasive Species Management: Connections Between Risk Assessment, Prevention Efforts, Eradication, and Other Rapid Responses (Robert C. Venette, Doria R. Gordon, Jennifer Juzwik, Frank H. Koch, Andrew M. Liebhold, Robert K.D. Peterson, Sharlene E. Sing, and Denys Yemshanov) -- Chapter 7. Management of Landscapes for Established Invasive Species (Therese M. Poland, Jennifer Juzwik, Allen Rowley, Cynthia D. Huebner, John C. Kilgo, Vanessa M. Lopez, Deanna H. Olson, Dean Pearson, Robert Progar, Robert Rabaglia, John D. Rothlisberger, Justin B. Runyon, and Sharlene E. Sing) -- Chapter 8. Restoration of Landscapes and Habitats Affected by Established Invasive Species (Jennifer Koch, Dean E. Pearson, Cynthia D. Huebner, Michael K. Young, and Richard A. Sniezko) -- Chapter 9. Sectoral Impacts of Invasive Species in the United States and Approaches to Management (Anne S. Marsh, Deborah C. Hayes, Patrice N. Klein, Nicole Zimmerman, Alison Dalsimer, Douglas A. Burkett, Cynthia D. Huebner, Robert Rabaglia, Laura A. Meyerson, Bonnie L. Harper-Lore, Jamie L. Davidson, Marla R. Emery, Travis Warziniack, Rebecca Flitcroft, Becky K. Kerns, and Vanessa M. Lopez) -- Chapter 10. Inventory and Monitoring of Invasive Species (Sonja Oswalt, Chris Oswalt, Alycia Crall, Robert Rabaglia, Michael Schwartz, and Becky K. Kerns) -- Chapter 11. Tools and Technologies for Quantifying Spread and Impacts of Invasive Species (Matt Reeves, Inés Ibáñez, Dana Blumenthal, Gang Chen, Qinfeng Guo, Catherine Jarnevich, Jennifer Koch, Frank Sapio, Michael K. Schwartz, Bruce K. Wylie, and Stephen Boyte) -- Chapter 12. Social and Cultural Dynamics of Non-Native Invasive Species (John Schelhas, Janice Alexander, Mark Brunson, Tommy Cabe, Alycia Crall, Michael J. Dockry, Marla R. Emery, Susan J. Frankel, Nina Hapner, Caleb R. Hickman, Rebecca Jordan, Michael J. LaVoie, Zhao Ma, Ross K. Meentemeyer, Joe Starinchak, and Jelena Vukomanovic) -- Chapter 13. The Role of International Cooperation in Invasive Species Research (Andrew Liebhold, Faith Campbell, Doria R. Gordon, Qinfeng Guo, Nathan Havill, Bradley Kinder, Richard MacKenzie, David R. Lance, Dean Pearson, Sharlene E. Sing, Travis Warziniack, Robert C. Venette, and Denys Yemshanov) -- Chapter 14. Economics of Invasive Species (Travis Warziniack, Robert G. Haight, Denys Yemshanov, Jenny L. Apriesnig, Thomas P. Holmes, Amanda M. Countryman, John D. Rothlisberger, and Christopher Haberland) -- Chapter 15. Legislation and Policy (Faith T. Campbell, Hilda Diaz-Soltero, and Deborah C. Hayes) -- Chapter 16. Future Invasive Species Research Challenges and Opportunities (Becky K. Kerns, Therese M. Poland, Robert C. Venette, Toral Patel-Weynand, Deborah M. Finch, Allen Rowley, Deborah C. Hayes, Mike Ielmini) -- APPENDIX 1: Regional Summaries.

Description / Table of Contents: Part I. Soil and Sediment Contaminants, Risk Assessment and Remediation -- Chapter 1. Introduction to Part I: Soil and Sediment Contaminants, Risk Assessment and Remediation -- Chapter 2. Combating Arsenic Pollution in Soil Environment via Alternate Agricultural Land Use -- Chapter 3. Temporal and Seasonal Variation in Leachate Pollution Index (LPI) in Sanitary Landfill Sites- A Case study of Baidyabati landfill, West Bengal, India -- Chapter 4.Quantification of Landfill Gas Emission and Energy Recovery Potential: A Comparative Assessment of LandGEM and MTM Model for Kolkata -- Chapter 5. Assessment of natural enrichment of heavy minerals along coastal placers of India: Role of lake and river mouth embayment and its implications -- Chapter 6. Assessment the Impact of Plastic Contaminated Fertilizers on Agricultural Soil Health: A Case Study in Memari II C.D.Block, Purba Bardhaman,West Bengal, India -- Chapter 7. Determining the Role of Leaf Relative Water Content and Soil Cation Exchange Capacity in Phytoextraction Process – Using Regression Modelling -- Chapter 8. Phytoremediation of Arsenic using Allium sativum as Model System -- Chapter 9. Spatio-temporal analysis of open waste dumping sites using Google Earth: A case study of Kharagpur City, India -- Part II. Water Contaminants, Risk Assessment and Remediation -- Chapter 10. Introduction to Part II: Water Contaminants, Risk Assessment and Remediation -- Chapter 11. Groundwater Arsenic Contamination Zone based on geospatial modeling, risk and remediation -- Chapter 12. Geospatial assessment of surface water pollution and industrial activities in Ibadan, Nigeria -- Chapter 13. Aquaculture-based water quality assessment and risk remediationalong the Rasulpur River belt, West Bengal -- Chapter 14. Heavy Metal Contamination in Groundwater and Impact on Plant and Human -- Chapter 15. Emerging Threats of Microplastic contaminant in freshwater environment -- Chapter 16. Exploring Particle Size Transport Variability of Suspended Sediments in two Alpine Catchments over the Lesser Himalayan Region, India -- Chapter 17. Salinity and corrosion potential of groundwater in Mewat district of Haryana, India -- Chapter 18. Threats to quality in the coasts of the Black Sea: heavy metal pollution of seawater, sediment, macro-algae and sea-grass -- Chapter 19. Geospatial assessment of groundwater quality for drinking through Water Quality Index and Human Health Risk Index in an upland area of Chotanagpur Plateau of West Bengal, India -- Chapter 20. Existence of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in the conventional water treatment process -- Chapter 21. Arsenic-rich surface and groundwater around eastern parts of Rupnagar district, Punjab, India -- Part III. Environmental Contaminants, Impacts and Sustainable Management -- Chapter 22. Introduction to Part III: Environmental Contaminants, Risk Assessment and Remediation -- Chapter 23. Dynamics of ultra-fine particles in indoor and outdoor environments: a modelling approach to study the evolution of particle characteristics -- Chapter 24. Environmental impacts of coal-mining and coal-fired power-plant activities in a developing country with global context -- Chapter 25. Overview of Indoor air pollution: A human health perspective -- Chapter 26. Mineralogy and Morphological characterization of Technogenic Magnetic Particles (TMP) from industrial dust: Insights into environmental implications -- Chapter 27. Pesticides: Recent Updates on Types Toxicity and Bioremediation Strategies -- Chapter 28. Commonly available plant neem (Azadirachtaindica A. Juss) ameliorates dimethoate induced toxicity in climbing perch Anabas testudineus -- Chapter 29. Estimating Particulate Matter concentrations from MODIS AOD considering meteorological parameters using Random Forest Algorithm -- Chapter 30 Bio-monitoring and bioremediation of a trans-boundary river in India: Functional roles of benthic mollusks and fungi -- Chapter 31 Assessing the Maximum Aerobic Biodegradation Potential of Leaf Litter, an Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste, Under Optimum Nutrient Conditions -- Chapter 32. Rising trend of air pollution and its decadal consequences on meteorology and thermal comfort over Gangetic West Bengal, India.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Can GPCRs be targeted to control inflammation in asthma? -- 2. Cellular and molecular processes in pulmonary hypertension -- 3. INFLAMMATORY PATHWAYS IN SARCOIDOSIS -- 4. Innate Immune Responses and Pulmonary Diseases -- 5. Interstitial Lung Disease associated with Connective Tissue Diseases -- 6. Molecular mechanisms of vascular damage during lung injury -- 7. Neurotrophin Regulation and Signaling in Airway Smooth Muscle -- 8. Novel Thoracic MRI approaches for the assessment of pulmonary physiology and inflammation -- 9. Overview on Interactive Role of Inflammation, Reactive Oxygen Species and Calcium signaling in Asthma, COPD and Pulmonary Hypertension -- 10. Protein S-palmitoylation and lung diseases -- 11. Redox role of ROS and inflammation in pulmonary diseases -- 12. Semaphorin3E/PlexinD1 axis in asthma: what we know so far -- 13. Serine protease inhibitors to treat lung inflammatory diseases -- 14. Sex and Gender Differences in Lung Disease -- 15. Sex hormones and lung inflammation -- 16. Synopsis of Clinical Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction to Fire Ecology across USA Forested Ecosystems: Past, Present, and Future (Cathryn H. Greenberg, Beverly S. Collins, Scott Goodrick, Michael C. Stambaugh, and Gary R. Wein) -- Chapter 2. The Role of Fire in the Dynamics of Piedmont Vegetation (Joanna Spooner, Robert K. Peet, Michael P. Schafale, Alan S. Weakley and Thomas R. Wentworth) -- Chapter 3. Fire Ecology and Fire Management of Southeastern Coastal Plain Pine Ecosystems (Jeff S. Glitzenstein, J. Stephen Brewer, Ronald. E. Masters, J. Morgan Varner, and J. Kevin Hiers) -- Chapter 4. Fire Ecology and Management in Eastern Broadleaf and Appalachian Forests (Mary A. Arthur, J. Morgan Varner, Charles W. Lafon, Heather D. Alexander, Daniel C. Dey, Craig A. Harper, Sally P. Horn, Todd F. Hutchinson, Tara L. Keyser, Marcus A. Lashley, Christopher E. Moorman, and Callie J. Schweitzer) -- Chapter 5. Fire Ecology and Management of Forest Ecosystems in the Western Central Hardwoods and Prairie-Forest Border (Michael C. Stambaugh, Benjamin O. Knapp, and Daniel C. Dey) -- Chapter 6. Fire in Floodplain Forests of the Southeastern USA hy (Paul R. Gagnon, Loretta L. Battaglia, Brice B. Hanberry, William H. Conner, and Sammy L. King) -- Chapter 7. History and Future of Fire in Hardwood and Conifer Forests of the Great Lakes-Northeastern Forest Region, USA(Lee E. Frelich, Craig G. Lorimer, and Michael C. Stambaugh) -- Chapter 8. Fire Ecology of Rocky Mountain Forests(Sharon M. Hood, Brian J. Harvey, Paula J. Fornwalt, Cameron E. Naficy, Winslow D. Hansen, Kimberley T. Davis, Mike A. Battaglia, Camille Stevens-Rumann, Victoria Saab) -- Chapter 9. Fire Ecology of the North American Mediterranean-Climate Zone(Hugh D. Safford, Ramona J. Butz, Gabrielle N. Bohlman, Michelle Coppoletta, Becky L. Estes, Shana E. Gross, Kyle E. Merriam, Marc D. Meyer, Nicole A. Molinari, and Amarina Wuenschel) -- Chapter 10. Fire Ecology and Management in Pacific Northwest Forests(Matthew J. Reilly, Jessica E. Halofsky, Meg A. Krawchuk, Daniel C. Donato, Paul F. Hessburg, James Johnston, Andrew Merschel, Mark E. Swanson, Joshua S. Halofsky, and Thomas A. Spies) -- Chapter 11. Fire Ecology and Management of Southwestern Forests(Peter Z. Fulé, Catrin M. Edgeley, Carol L. Chambers, Serra Hoagland, Blanca Céspedes) -- Chapter 12. Fire and Forests in the 21st Century: Managing Resilience under Changing Climates and Fire Regimes in USA Forests(James M. Vose, David L. Peterson, Christopher J. Fettig, Jessica E. Halofsky, J. Kevin Hiers, Robert E. Keane, Rachel Loehman, and Michael C. Stambaugh).

Description / Table of Contents: I. Neuropathogenesis and Biomarkers -- New Potential Axes of HIV Neuropathogenesis with Relevance to Biomarkers and Treatment -- Neurocognitive Impairment and Associated Genetic Aspects in HIV Infection -- Inflammatory Mechanisms and Cascades Contributing to Neurocognitive Impairment in HIV/AIDS -- Neuroimaging Advances in Diagnosis and Differentiation of HIV, Comorbidities, and Aging in the cART Era -- II. Neurocognitive Impairments in Low-, Middle- and High-Income Countries – Incidence / Prevalence and Contexts -- Neurocognitive Complications of Pediatric HIV Infections -- Neurocognitive Complications of HIV Infection in Women: Insights from the WIHS Cohort -- Cultural Neuropsychology Considerations in the Diagnosis of HIV- Associated Neurocognitive Disorders -- Neurocognitive Complications of HIV Infection in Low-Income Countries -- Deep Phenotyping of HIV Neurocognitive Complications Among Individuals Residing in High-Income Countries -- Reliably Measuring Cognitive Change in the Era of Chronic HIV Infection and Chronic HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders -- III. Comorbidities and Complications -- Geriatric Syndromes in People Living with HIV Associated with Ageing and Increasing Comorbidities: Implications for Neurocognitive Complications of HIV Infection -- Conceptualizing and Assessing Everyday Functioning in the Context of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders -- Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Emotional Disturbances, and Their Associations with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder -- Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease Impacts on the Pathophysiology and Phenotype of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders -- HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND): Relative Risk Factors -- IV. Screening, Interventions and Clinical Management -- Screening for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: Sensitivity and Specificity -- Behavioral and Physical Activity Interventions for HAND -- Targeting HIV-Related Neurocognitive Impairments with Cognitive Training Strategies: Insights from the Cognitive Aging Literature -- Clinical Treatment Options and Randomized Clinical Trials for Neurocognitive Complications of HIV Infection: Combination Antiretroviral Therapy, Central Nervous System Penetration Effectiveness, and Adjuvants.

Description / Table of Contents: Microheterogeneity of antibody molecules -- Part I: Analytical Methods -- Lectin and LC based methods for immunoglobulin (G) glycosylation analysis -- Mass spectrometry-based methods for immunoglobulin G N-glycosylation analysis -- CE based methods for Ig(G) glycosylation analysis -- Automation of Ig glycosylation analysis -- Bioinformatics in immunoglobulin glycosylation analysis -- Part II: Biosynthesis & Regulation -- N-glycan biosynthesis: Basic principles and factors affecting its outcome -- Genetic regulation of immunoglobulin G glycosylation -- Epigenetics of immunoglobulin G glycosylation -- IgG changes in aging and other inflammatory conditions -- Estrogen-driven changes in immunoglobulin G Fc glycosylation -- Part III: Effector Functions & Diseases -- Sweet rules – linking glycosylation to antibody function -- Immunoglobulin G glycosylation in diseases -- Immunoglobulin A glycosylation and its role in diseases -- Part IV: Applications -- Importance and monitoring of therapeutic immunoglobulin G glycosylation -- Glycosylation of plant-produced immunoglobulins -- The rapidly expanding nexus of immunoglobulin G N-glycomics, suboptimal health status, and precision medicine -- Glycosylation of antigen-specific antibodies - Perspectives on immunoglobulin G glycosylation in vaccination and immunotherapy.

Description / Table of Contents: Pro and Anti-Inflammatory Neurovascular Processes in Epilepsy: A Fragile and Dynamic Equilibrium -- Emerging Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation in Seizure Disorders -- Glial Mechanisms of Inflammation during Seizures -- Perivascular Inflammation and Extracellular Matrix Alterations in Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Epilepsy -- Blood T cells and Cytokine Levels during Interictal-Ictal Transitions -- Autoantibodies, Encephalopathies and Epilepsy -- Tau Protein in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy and Cognitive Decline -- Ketogenic Diet, Inflammation and Epilepsy -- Role of Regulatory T cells in Epilepsy -- Inflammation at the Neurovascular Unit in Post-Traumatic Epilepsy.

Description / Table of Contents: Prelims -- One-carbon metabolism and development of the conceptus during pregnancy: Lessons from studies with sheep and pigs -- Cell-specific expression of enzymes for serine biosynthesis and glutaminolysis in farm animals -- Amino acids in beef cattle nutrition and production (author to be identified) -- Amino acid nutrition and reproductive performance in ruminants -- Amino acids in the nutrition and production of sheep and goats -- Amino acids in swine nutrition and production -- Amino acid nutrition and metabolism in chickens -- Nutrition and functions of amino acids in fish -- Nutrition and functions of amino acids in aquatic crustaceans -- Amino acids in dog nutrition and health -- Amino acids in the nutrition, metabolism, and health of domestic cats -- Amino acid nutrition for optimum growth, development, reproduction, and health of zoo animals.

Description / Table of Contents: Part 1 Introduction -- 1 Host Community Interfaces: The Wildlife-Livestock -- 2 Natural And Historical Overview Of The Animal Wildlife-Livestock Interface -- 3 The Ecology Of Pathogens Transmission At The Wildlife-Livestock Interface: Beyond Disease Ecology, Towards Socio-Ecological System Health -- Part 2 Regional Perspectives Of Disease At The Wildlife-Livestock Interface -- 4 Characteristics And Perspectives Of Disease At The Wildlife-Livestock Interface In Europe -- 5 Characteristics And Perspectives Of Disease At The Wildlife-Livestock Interface In Asia -- 6 Characteristics And Perspectives Of Disease At Wildlife-Livestock Interface In Africa -- 7 Characteristics And Perspectives Of Disease At The Wildlife-Livestock Interface In Oceania -- 8 Characteristics And Perspectives Of Disease At The Wildlife-Livestock Interface In North America -- 9 Characteristics And Perspectives Of Disease At The Wildlife-Livestock Interface In Central And South America -- Part 3 Characterization Of The Wildlife-Livestock Interface -- 10 Collecting Data To Assess The Interactions Between Livestock And Wildlife -- 11 Characterization Of Wildlife-Livestock Interfaces: The Need For Interdisciplinary Approaches And A Dedicated Thematic Field -- 12 Quantifying Transmission Between Wild And Domestic Populations -- Part 4 Synthesis And Conclusions -- 13 Synthesis And Future Perspectives Of The Study And Management Of Diseases At The Wildlife-Livestock Interface.

Description / Table of Contents: High pressure and High pressure environments -- High pressure: molecules, chemical processes and cellular structures -- The high pressure micro-environment of vertebrate load bearing joints- Effects of high pressure on the activity of ordinary animals, including humans, and on the function of their excitable cells and ion channels -- The effects of decompression and subsequent re-compression on the activity of deep sea animals and eukaryote cells. The isobaric collection of deep sea animals.-Molecular adaptation to high pressure: proteins in deep sea animals -- Molecular adaptation to high pressure: membranes -- Prokaryotes at high pressure in the Oceans and the Deep Biosphere -- Hydrothermal vents: the inhabitants, their way of life and their adaptation to high pressure -- Buoyancy at depth -- Divers: Air breathing animals, including humans, at high pressure -- Adaptation to high pressure in the laboratory -- High pressure equipment used in the laboratory, at sea and at depth.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Regulation of Gene Expression by Amino Acids in Animal Cells -- Chapter 2: Amino acids in cell signaling: regulation and function -- Chapter 3: Amino Acids in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Redox Signaling -- Chapter 4: Amino Acids in Autophagy: Regulation and Function -- Chapter 5: Oxidation of Energy Substrates in Tissues of Fish: Metabolic Significance and Implications for Gene Expression and Carcinogenesis -- Chapter 6: Arginine, Agmatine and Polyamines: Key Regulators of Conceptus Development in Mammals -- Chapter 7: Interorgan Metabolism of Glutamate and Glutamine in Poultry -- Chapter 8: Interorgan Metabolism of Amino Acids in Health and Disease -- Chapter 9: Amino Acids and Their Metabolites for Improving Human Exercising Performance -- Chapter 10: Role of L-Arginine in Nitric Oxide Synthesis and Health in Humans -- Chapter 11: Composition of Amino Acids in Foodstuffs for Humans and Animals -- Chapter 12: Dietary Intakes of Amino Acids and Other Nutrients by Adult Humans.

Description / Table of Contents: Preface and Introduction -- Part I Risks and Impacts Enhancing the Vulnerability of Social-Ecological Systems -- Part II Environmental and Climate Change Impacts on Social-Ecological Systems – Conflict, Inequality and Human Security -- Part III Human Mobility and Social-Ecological Systems -- Part IV Enhancing the Sustainability and Resilience of Social-Ecological Systems – Some Recommended Paths -- Conclusions.

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Part I. Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Sea Otters -- Taxonomy and Evolution of Sea Otters -- Sea Otter Behavior: Morphologic, Physiologic, and Sensory Adaptations -- Sea Otter Foraging Behavior -- Social Structure of Marine Otters: Inter and Intraspecific Variation -- Reproductive Behavior of Male Sea Otters -- Reproductive Behavior of Female Sea Otters and Their Pups -- Sea Otter Behavior and Its Influence on Littoral Community Structure -- Sea Otter Predator Avoidance Behavior -- Sea Otters and the Maritime Fur Trade -- Part II. Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Polar Bears -- Polar Bear Taxonomy and Evolution -- Polar Bear Behavior: Morphologic and Physiologic Adaptations -- Polar Bear Foraging Behavior -- Polar Bear Reproductive and Denning Behavior -- Polar Bear Maternal Care, Neonatal Development, and Social Behavior -- Polar Bear Behavior in Response to Climate Change -- Human-Polar Bear Interactions.

Description / Table of Contents: Western blotting: How it began -- 2. Basics of Western Blotting -- 3.Basic Calculations in Western Blotting -- 4.Choosing The Right Antibody For Western Blotting -- 5. Sample Preparation -- 6. Blocking membranes at places that do not have transferred proteins -- 7. A Basic Method for Western Blotting -- 8. Trouble Shooting Western Blotting -- 9. Using Biotin to demonstrate western and dot blotting in University Practical Classes- A Guide To Instructors -- 10. Nitrocellulose Membrane Art -- 11. The Use Of A Harmless Invisible Ink To Send Secret Messages On Nitrocellulose Membranes And As A Substitute For The Harmful Radioactive Ink Used As A Marker In ECL Membrane Assays -- 12. Fingerprinting On Nitrocellulose And Polyvinylidene Difluoride Membrane -- 13. Spectrometric Determination Of Protein For Electrophoresis -- 14. Concentrating Proteins For Western Blotting -- 15. Dissolving Proteins Using Lysis Buffer -- 16. Blotting And Detecting Glycosaminoglycans -- 17. Passive Blotting From Tissue Slices -- 18. Localizing Proteins by Tissue Printing -- 19. Ultrasound Blotting -- 20. Obtaining Several Blots From A Single SDS-PAGE Gel By Passive Transfer -- 21. Diffusion Blotting From SDS-PAGE Gels Supported By Solid Plastic -- 22. Dot-Immunobinding -- 23. Simultaneous Immunoblotting Analysis With Activity Gel Electrophoresis -- 24. Protein Blotting By Centrifugation -- 25. Blotting And Immunostaining Of Multiple Antigenic Peptides -- 26. High Molecular Weight Protein Blotting Using Agarose Gel Electrophoresis -- 27. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide PAGE And Eastern Blotting -- 28. Purification Of Autoantibodies Bound To An Autoantigen Immobilized On A Membrane Strip -- 29. Miniaturized Blotting -- 30. Affinity Immunoblotting -- 31. Transferring Coomassie Blue Stained Proteins from Polyacrylamide Gels To Transparencies -- 32. Protein Transfer From Immobilized pH Gradient Gels -- 33. SDS PAGE To Immunoblotting In Sixty Minutes -- 34. Western Blot Analysis Of Protein-DNA Complexes Formed DuringGel Shift Experiments -- 35. Electrophoretic Transfer Of High And Low Molecular Weight Proteins To Membranes Using Heat -- 36. Grid-immunoblotting -- 37. Far-western Blotting -- 38. Native Electrophoresis And Western Blot Analysis -- 39. Efficient Electroblotting Of Low Molecular Weight Protein After Staining With Coomassie -- 40. Avoiding Non-specific Binding Of Secondary Antibodies In Immunoblotting By Double-blotting -- 41.A Brief Introduction To Other Protein Blotting Methods -- 42. Quantitative Computerized Western Blotting In Detail -- 43. Common Problems In Electrophoresis.

Description / Table of Contents: SECTION I. Natural and human environment of coastal ecosystems -- Chapter 1. Ecological modelling and conservation on the coasts of Mexico -- Chapter 2. SE Pacific: the ecosystem and its use along the Chilean and Peruvian coast -- SECTION II. Marine ecosystem models in the South East Pacific coast -- Chapter 3. Modelling the Northern Humboldt Current Ecosystem; from winds to predators -- Chapter 4. Marine ecosystem models in the South Pacific coast -- Chapter 5. Keystone Species Complexes and macroscopic properties for improving ecosystem-based conservation practices in kelp forest along the north-central Chilean coast -- Chapter 6. Exploring alternative management policies for benthic ecological systems of northern Chile (SE Pacific) -- SECTION III. Central Pacific, Caribbean and Atlantic coastal ecosystem models -- Chapter 7. How much biomass must remain at the sea after fishing to conserve ecosystem -- functioning? The case of the Monterey sardine in the Gulf of California, Mexico -- Chapter 8. Dynamic and spatial model of the coral reef of Banco Chinchorro Biosphere Reserve (Caribbean Sea) for assessment harvest scenarios: short-term responses -- Chapter 9. Ecological role of sharks assessed by Ecopath models -- SECTION IV. System-based conservation and management: conclusions -- Chapter 10. Graph theory in food webs: uses and applications for conservation of marine ecosystems -- Chapter 11. Modelling aim the conservation of coastal marine ecosystem in Latin America.

Description / Table of Contents: Role of IP3 Receptors in Shaping the Carotid Chemoreceptor Response to Hypoxia but not to Hypercapnia in the Rat Carotid Body: An Evidence Review -- The Role of Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment for COVID-19: A Review -- Primary Immunodeficiencies - Diseases of Children and Adults: A Review -- Pneumococcal Vaccine in Adult Asthma Patients -- Immunoglobulin G Deficiency in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Infections with and without History of Allergy -- Pruritus Characteristics in Severe Atopic Dermatitis in Adult Patients -- Pathophysiological Responses to a Record-Breaking Multi-Hour Underwater Endurance Performance: A Case Study -- Respiratory Muscle Strength and Ventilatory Function Outcome: Differences between Trained Athletes and Healthy Untrained Persons -- Uroflowmetry and Altitude Hypoxia: A Report from Healthy Italian Trekkers and Nepali Porters during Himalayan Expedition -- Effects of Intraligamentary Injection of Osteogenic-Induced Gingival Fibroblasts on Cementum Thickness in the Dog Model of Tooth Root Resorption -- In-Silico Evaluation of Treatment of Periprosthetic Fractures in Elderly Patients after Hip Arthroplasty -- Appraisal of burden of caregivers to chronically rehabilitated patients with spinal cord injuries in a tertiary neurological center in Nepal.

Description / Table of Contents: Cytokine receptor signaling and CD4/CD8 lineage choice during T cell development in the thymus -- An agent-based model of T helper cell fate decisions in the thymus -- Modelling naive T cell homeostasis -- Mechanistic models of CD4 T cell homeostasis and reconstitution in health and disease -- Section 1MODELING THE DYNAMICS OF CD4+ T CELLS IN HIV- 1 INFECTION -- Modelling the response to Interleukin-7 therapy in HIV-infected patients -- Modeling immunopathology during persistent viral infections -- Delay in differentiation may suggest division of labour in models for CD8+ T cell differentiation -- Inferring differentiation order in adaptive immune responses from population level data -- Experimental and mathematical approaches to quantify recirculation kinetics of lymphocytes -- The public face and private lives of T cell receptor repertoires -- Population dynamics of immune repertoires -- Mathematical Modelling of T cell activation -- Agent-based model of heterogeneous T cell activation in vitro -- CTLA-4 mediated ligand trans-endocytosis: a stochastic model -- Automated gating and dimension reduction of high-dimensional cytometry data -- Index.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1 - Ecosystem services as a tool for decision-making in Patagonia -- Chapter 2- Assessment of provisioning ecosystem services in terrestrial ecosystems of Santa Cruz province, Argentina -- Chapter 3 - Grazing management and provision of ecosystem services in Patagonian arid rangelands -- Chapter 4 - Synergies and trade-offs among ecosystem services and biodiversity in different forest types inside and off-reserve in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina -- Chapter 5 - Shrubland management in northwestern Patagonia: an evaluation of its short-term effects on multiple ecosystem services -- Chapter 6 - Silvopastoral systems in northern Argentine-Chilean Andean Patagonia: Ecosystem services provision in a complex territory -- Chapter 7 - Ecosystem services values of the northwestern Patagonian natural grasslands -- Chapter 8 - The ecosystem services provided by peatlands in Patagonia -- Chapter 9 - Restoration for provision of ecosystem services in Patagonia-Aysén, Chile -- Chapter 10 - The North American beaver invasion and the impact over the ecosystem services in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago -- Chapter 11 - Social links for a nexus approach from an ecosystem services perspective in Central-East Patagonia -- Chapter 12 - Salmon farming: is it possible to relate its impact to the waste remediation ecosystem service? -- Chapter 13 - Using the ecosystem services approach to understand the distributional effects of marine protected areas in the Chilean Patagonia -- Chapter 14 - Socio-cultural valuation of ecosystem services in Southern Patagonia, Argentina -- Chapter 15 - Looking beyond ecosystem services supply: co-production and access barriers in marine ecosystems of the Chilean Patagonia -- Chapter 16 - Ecosystem services and human well-being: a comparison of two Patagonian social-ecological systems -- Chapter 17 - Urban Planning In Arid Northern Patagonia Cities To Maximize Local Ecosystem Services Provision -- Chapter 18 - Land size, native forests and ecosystem services inequalities in the rural Chilean Patagonia -- Chapter 19 - Imaginaries, transformations and resistances in Patagonian territories from a socio-ecological perspective -- Chapter 20 - The challenges of implementing ecosystem services in the Argentinean and Chilean Patagonia -- Chapter 21 - Natural capital and local employment in Argentine Patagonia -- Chapter 22 - Ecosystem services in Patagonia: a synthesis and future directions. .

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Potential role of mast cells in regulating corticosteroid insensitivity in severe asthma -- 2. Galectin-3 Promotes ROS, Inflammation and Vascular Fibrosis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension -- 3. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Statins in Lung Vascular Pathology: From Basic Science to Clinical Trials -- 4. Evolving Schema for Employing Network Biology Approaches to Understand Pulmonary Hypertension -- 5. Pulmonary Inflammation and KRAS Mutation in Lung Cancer -- 6. microRNA Targets for Asthma Therapy -- 7. Roles of genetic predisposition in the sex-bias of pulmonary pathophysiology, as a function of estrogens -- 8. Hypercapnic respiratory failure-driven skeletal muscle dysfunction: It is time for animal mod-els-based mechanistic research -- 9. Role of airway smooth muscle in inflammation related to asthma and COPD -- 10. Systemic Sclerosis and Pulmonary Disease -- 11. Innate Lymphoid Cells in airway inflammation -- 12. Sjogren’s Syndrome and pulmonary disease -- 13. Redox Regulation, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Group 3 Pulmonary Hypertension -- 14. Sex-Steroid Signaling in Lung Diseases and Inflammation -- 15. Cytokines, Chemokines and Inflammation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension -- 16. Interactive roles of CaMKII/Ryanodine Receptor Signaling and Inflammation in Lung Diseases -- 17. Reciprocal Correlations of Inflammatory and Calcium Signaling in Asthma Pathogenesis -- 18. Crosstalk between Lung and Extrapulmonary Organs in Infection and Inflammation -- 19. Inflammation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension -- 20. Lysophospholids in Lung Inflammatory Diseases.

Description / Table of Contents: Advances in translational science to identify new therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus -- Hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus: Role of B Cell Hyperactivity. Fabien B Vincent, William A Figgett and Margaret L Hibbs -- B cell targeted therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus -- Type I Interferons and the perpetuation of a loss of tolerance -- Therapeutic Modulation of the Interferon Pathway in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- The concept of co-stimulatory blockade in SLE -- Cytokines: their role in amplifying SLE pathogenesis -- Intracellular targets in SLE -- Regulatory T cells in SLE -- Balancing strategies: GC and GILZ Axis.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Discovering the role of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in innate immunity: the early history -- 2. Mannose-binding lectin in human health and disease -- 3. The activities of MASPs, complement proteases associated with collectins and ficolins -- 4. Structures of the MASPs and comparison with C1r and C1s -- 5. Biological activities of SP-A and SP-D against extracellular and intracellular pathogens -- 6. Surfactant protein D: A Therapeutic Target for Allergic Airway Diseases -- 7. SP-D in immune surveillance against cancer -- 8.Testicular immune privilege – a recently discovered domain of Collectins -- 9. Role of Collectins in Pregnancy -- 10. Bovine Collectins: Role in Health and Disease -- .

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction to COVID-19 -- 2. Medicinal plants as COVID-19 remedy -- 3. Traditional Chinese Medicines as possibly remedy Against SARS- CoV-2 -- 4. Plant natural products against COVID-19 -- 5. Foods as first defense against COVID-19 -- 6. Drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 -- 7. COVID-19 pandemic and vaccines -- 8. Recent updates in vaccine development against COVID-19 -- 9. Recent developments in therapeutic approaches against COVID-19.

Description / Table of Contents: Section 1: Introduction -- Chapter 1: Introduction: An overview of host-directed therapies for tuberculosis -- Section 2: Targeting immunometabolism -- Chapter 2: Sirtuin deacetylases: Linking Mycobacterial infection and host metabolism -- Chapter 3:The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1): an ally of M. tuberculosis in host cells -- Chapter 4: HIF-1α as a potential therapeutic target for tuberculosis treatment -- Chapter 5: Nuclear receptors in host-directed therapies against tuberculosis -- Section 3: Enhancing anti-mycobacterial mechanisms -- Chapter 6: Autophagy as a target for host-directed therapy against tuberculosis -- Chapter 7: Metformin: a leading HDT candidate for TB -- Chapter 8: Statins as host-directed therapy for tuberculosis -- Chapter 9: Antimycobacterial attributes of mitochondria: An insight into host defense mechanisms -- Section 4: Targeting immune cells -- Chapter 10: Conventional and unconventional lymphocytes in immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Chapter 11: Targeting inhibitory cells such as Tregs and MDSCs in the tuberculous granuloma -- Chapter 12: Targeting suppressor T cells -- Chapter 13: Neutrophil-mediated mechanisms as targets for host-directed therapies against tuberculosis -- Chapter 14: Type I interferon and interleukin-1 driven inflammatory pathways as targets for HDT in tuberculosis -- Chapter 15: Mucosal-associated invariant and Vγ9Vδ2 T cells -- Chapter 16: Airway epithelial cells.-Section 5: Preclinical models for assessing HDTs -- Chapter 17: In vitro models of human granuloma formation to analyze host-directed therapies -- Chapter 18: C3HeB/FeJ as a key mouse strain for testing host-directed therapies against tuberculosis -- Chapter 19: The Rabbit Model for Assessing Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis -- Section 6: Clinical trials of HDTs and special considerations for study endpoints -- Chapter 20:Clinical trials of TB-HDT candidates -- Chapter 21:Outcomes for clinical trials of host-directed therapies for tuberculosis -- Chapter 22: Pharmacological considerations for clinical trials of host-directed therapies for tuberculosis.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Microbes and infectious diseases -- 2. Acne -- 3. Skin abscesses (boils) -- 4. Dandruff -- 5. Fungal nail infections -- 6. Fungal infections of the skin -- 7. Chickenpox -- 8. Shingles -- 9. Common warts -- 10. The common cold -- 11. Influenza -- 12. Sore throat -- 13. Coronavirus disease-2019 -- 14. Acute sinusitis -- 15. Chronic sinusitis -- 16. Otitis media (middle ear infection) -- 17. Otitis externa (swimmers ear) -- 18. Acute bronchitis (chest cold) -- 19. Conjunctivitis (pink eye) -- 20. Tooth decay (caries) -- 21. Gum disease -- 22. Bad breath -- 23. Oral thrush -- 24. Oral herpes -- 25. Cystitis (lower urinary tract infection) -- 26. Vaginitis -- 27. Chlamydia -- 28. Gonorrhoea -- 29. Genital herpes -- 30. Genital warts -- 31. Syphilis -- 32. Gastroenteritis due to Campylobacter -- 33. Gastroenteritis due to Salmonella -- 34. Gastroenteritis due to Clostridium perfringens -- 35. Gastroenteritis due to Norovirus -- 36. Gastroenteritis due to Rotavirus.

Description / Table of Contents: Foreword -- Preface -- PART I: Evolution, genetics and distribution -- 1. Phylogenesis and evolution -- 2. Population genetics and genomics -- 3. Conservation and breeding -- 4 Biogeography and local adaptations -- 5. Mediterranean pines as invasive species -- PART II: Ecophysiology of Mediterranean pines: resistance to stress and perturbation -- 6. Physiological trade-offs under stress and perturbation -- 7. Carbon allocation dynamics under stress -- 8 -- Root systems under drought -- 9. Stress and tree mortality -- 10. Forest diseases affecting pines -- 11. Resistance to herbivorous insects -- PART III: Pine and mixed forest ecosystems under global climate change -- 12. Growth and vigor -- 13. Forest distribution resilience under climate change -- 14. Carbon and energy balance -- 15. Soil properties and biogeochemical functioning -- 16. Decomposition -- PART IV: Forest dynamics, biodiversity and biotic interactions -- 17. Dynamics of mixed pine-oak forests -- 18. Bird diversity -- 19 Soil micro- and macrofauna -- 20. Mycorhizae -- PART V: Forest fire ecology and management -- 21. Fire past present and future -- 22. Adaptations to fire -- 23. Post-fire soil erosion -- 24. The impact of grazing on understory fuel load -- 25. Post fire restoration -- 26. Predicting post-fire conifer regeneration in California -- 27. Remote sensing fire damage -- PART VI: Policy and Ecosystem services of Mediterranean pine and mixed forest ecosystems -- 28. Mediterranean forests and the United Nations sustainable development goals -- 29. Ecosystem services -- 30.Multi-disciplinary assessment of cultural ecosystem services supplied by Mediterranean pine and mixed forests -- PART VII: Afforestation and forest management policy -- 31. Dynamics and management of western Mediterranean pinewoods -- 32. From pine monoculture forests into sustainable mixed forest ecosystems -- 33. Forest policy in Israel -- 34. Water based forest management.

Description / Table of Contents: 1.Human Papillomavirus-associated cancers -- 2. Mechanisms of immune evasion by Ebola virus -- 3. Innate immune mechanisms against HIV-1 -- 4. Current insights into the host immune response to respiratory viral infections -- 5. Immune responses to MERS-CoV in humans and animals -- 6. SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis and host-pathogen interaction -- 7. Antibiotic Resistance mechanisms and their transmission in Acinetobacter baumannii -- 8. Pathogenesis and host immune response in leprosy -- 9. Innate immunity and tuberculosis -- 10. Vaccination strategies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: BCG and beyond -- 11. Candida pathogenicity and interplay with the immune system -- 12. Immune responses in Malaria and vaccine strategies.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction: Randall W. Myster -- 2. Dynamics of Andean Treeline Ecotones: Between Cloud Forest and Páramo Geocritical Tropes. Fausto O. Sarmiento -- 3. ANÁLISIS REGIONAL EN ECOSISTEMAS DE MONTAÑA EN COLOMBIA:Una mirada desde la funcionalidad del paisaje y los servicios ecosistémicos. Paola Isaacs-Cubides, Julián Díaz and Tobias Leyva-Pinto -- 4. Ecohydrology of Tropical Andean Cloud Forests. Conrado Tobon Martin -- 5. Litterfall in Andean forests: Quantity, composition, and environmental drivers. Wolfgang Wilcke -- 6. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Ectomycorrhizas in the Andean Cloud Forest of South Ecuador. Ingeborg Haug, Sabrina Setaro, Juan Pablo Suárez -- 7. Nesting ecology of the Tucuman Amazon (Amazona tucumana) in the cloud forest of Northwestern Argentina. Luis Rivera and Natalia Politi -- 8. Adaptive strategies of frugivore bats to Andean cloud forests. Adriana Ruiz and Pascual J. Soriano -- 9. Diversification and dispersal of Neotropical fauna: Processes and patterns in Andean species diversity. Juan C. Garcia-Ramirez and Angela M. Mendoza-Henao -- 10. Mapping Hydrological Ecosystem Services and Impacts of Scenarios for Deforestation and Conservation of Lowland, Montane and Cloud-Affected Forests. Mark Mulligan -- 11. Randall W. Myster. Conclusions, synthesis and future directions.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. An Overview of the Translational Dilemma and the Need for Model-based Precision Medicine -- 2 Translational Equation-based Modeling -- 3. Agent-based Modeling in Translational Systems Biology -- 4. Integrating Data-driven and Mechanistic Modeling in Sepsis and Trauma -- 5. Therapeutics as Control: Model-based approaches for control discovery -- 6. Disorder of Systemic Inflammation in Sepsis and Trauma: A Systems Perspective -- 7. Multi-scale equation-based models: Insights for Inflammation and Physiological Variability -- 8. In silico Trials and Personalized Therapy for Sepsis and Trauma -- 9. Computational Modeling of the Coagulation Response -- 10. Disorder of Localized Inflammation in Wound Healing -- 11. Equation-based Models of Wound Healing and Collective Cell Migration -- 12. Agent-based Models of Wound Healing -- 13. Tissue realistic translational modeling of gut inflammation -- 14. Data-Driven Modeling of Liver Injury, Inflammation, and Fibrosis -- 15. Computational Modeling of Tuberculosis -- 16. The Rationale and Implementation of Model-based Precision Medicine for Inflammatory Diseases -- Index.

Description / Table of Contents: Part I: Overview of Immunity -- Ch 1: Immunity -- Ch 2: Components of immunity -- Ch 3: Hematopoiesis -- Ch 4: The Immune system: pathogen sensing and detection -- Ch 5: Lymphoid organs -- Ch 6: Innate and Adaptive immunity -- Ch 7: Leukocyte homing, migration and recirculation -- Ch 8: Apoptosis -- Ch 9: Antigens -- Ch 10: B cell development, activation and immunoglobulin structure -- Ch 11: Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene rearrangements -- Ch 12: Major histocompatibility complex proteins -- Ch 13: T cell development and T cell receptor structure -- Ch 14: Cytokines -- Ch 15: Lymphocyte signals -- Ch 16: Complement fixation -- Ch 17: Cell mediated immunity -- Ch 18: Hypersensitivities -- Ch 19: Parasite Immunity -- Ch 20: Vaccines -- Ch 21: Transplantation -- Ch 22: Immune regulation and autoimmunity -- Ch 23: Immunodeficiencies -- Ch 24: Cancer -- Ch 25: Practice questions -- Ch 26: Study guide for exam. Part II. Laboratory Manual -- 27. Immunology laboratory policies -- 28. Instructions for notebook entries -- 29. Instructions for writing lab reports -- 30. Lab report topics -- 31. Exercise 1: Using a compound microscope -- 32. Exercise 2: Pipetting and dilution technique, identification of mouse lymphoid organs -- 33. Exercise 3: Blood Cell Preparation, Leukocyte differentiation and ABO Blood Typing -- 34. Exercise 4: Single Suspension of Mouse Spleen cells, Cell Viability Assays, and Identification of specific cells using surface antigens -- 35. Exercise 5: Isolation of mouse peritoneal macrophages: In vitro phagocytosis of bacterial cells -- 36. Exercise 6: Clearance of bacteria from mouse blood by the RES -- 37. Exercise 7: Hemolytic Plaque assay (The Jeme Plaque Assay) -- 38. EXERCISE 8: Rabbit and Mouse Immunizations- Preparation of Polyclonal antibodies and screening assays -- 39. EXERCISE 9: Determination of Antibody Titer: Screening Techniques -- 40. EXERCISE 10: Immunodiffusion and Immunoelectrophoresis -- 41. EXERCISE 11: Protein Affinity Purification of Rabbit IgG -- 42. EXERCISE 12: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) -- 43. EXERCISE 13: Immunoblotting (Western Blotting) -- 44. Exercise 14: Protein Assay -- 45. Exercise 15: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) -- 46. EXERCISE 16: Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay (ELISPOT) -- 47. EXERCISE 17: Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) -- 48. EXERCISE 18: Flow Cytometry -- 49.EXERCISE 19: Complement Fixation Assays -- 50. Tissue Cell Culture Techniques -- 51. EXERCISE 20: Mitogen Induced Response of Lymphocytes: Detection of Band T cell Lymphocytes Using Immunofluorescence -- 52. Exercise 21: Induction of IL-2 Secretion from Mouse Lymphoma Cells -- 53. EXERCISE 22: Adoptive Transfer of Lymphocytes: Band T cell Cooperation for Antibody Production -- 54. EXERCISE 23: Macrophage Migration Inhibition -- 55. EXERCISE 24: Monoclonal Antibody Preparation -- 56. EXERCISE 25: Immunization of mice with a recombinant protein -- 57. EXERCISE 26: Polarization of T helper cells into TH1 subset -- 58. Exercise 27: Immunoprecipitation -- 59. EXERCISE 28: Induction of apoptosis in T lymphocytes and detection of apoptotic markers -- 60. EXERCISE 29: Cloning and sequencing of cDNAs of mouse variable regions of H and L chains of monoclonal antibodies -- Appendix -- Sample Practice Questions.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Regional context and maritime governance -- Chapter 3: Alboran Sea area climate and weather -- Chapter 4: The Oceanographic and climatic context -- Chapter 5: A Geological history for the Alboran Sea region -- Chapter 6: Seafloor morphology and processes in the Alboran Sea -- Chapter 7: The biogeochemical context of marine planktonic ecosystems -- Chapter 8: Seaweeds and seagrasses: the marine forests from the Alboran Sea -- Chapter 9: Benthic fauna of littoral and deep-sea habitats of the Alboran Sea: A hotspot of biodiversity -- Chapter 10: Invertebrates: the realm of diversity -- Chapter 11: Biogeographical and Macroecological context of the Alboran Sea -- Chapter 12: Biophysical processes determining the connectivity of the Alboran Sea fish populations -- Chapter 13: Evolving from fry fisheries to early life research on pelagic fish resources -- Chapter 14: Description of artisanal fisheries in northern Alboran Sea -- Chapter 15: Description of artisanal fisheries in southern Alboran Sea -- Chapter 16: Small pelagic resources: A historic perspective and current state of the resources -- Chapter 17: North Atlantic Oscillation effect on the biology and fisheries of tunas species in the Alboran Sea -- Chapter 18: Demersal Resources -- Chapter 19: The Blackspot seabream fishery in the Strait of Gibraltar: lessons and future perspectives of shared marine resource -- Chapter 20: Aquaculture in the Alboran Sea -- Chapter 21: Marine megafauna and charismatic vertebrate species -- Chapter 22: Fisheries economics and management under the impact of Human and varying marine environmental conditions in the Alboran Sea -- Chapter 23: A historical approach to living resources on the Spanish coasts from Alboran Sea between the 16th and 20th centuries -- Chapter 24: Sustainable development and Blue growth in the Alboran Sea: enabling ocean health and ecosystem services through ocean science and equitable governance -- Chapter 25: Marine Protected Areas and Key Biodiversity Areas of the Alboran Sea and adjacent areas.

Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Skeletal stem cells as the developmental origin of cellular niches for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells -- Cellular niches for hematopoietic stem cells and lympho-hematopoiesis in bone marrow during homeostasis and blood cancers -- Remodeling of the bone marrow stromal microenvironment during pathogenic infections -- The Roles of IL-7 and IL-15 in Niches for Lymphocyte Progenitors and Immune Cells in Lymphoid Organs -- Lymph node stromal cells: diverse meshwork structures weave functionally subdivided niches -- Immune Niche within the Peritoneal Cavity.

Description / Table of Contents: Ecosystem Collapse and Climate Change: An Introduction -- PART I. Polar and Boreal Ecosystems -- Ecosystem Collapse on a Sub-Antarctic Island -- Permafrost Thaw in Northern Peatlands: Rapid Changes in Ecosystem and Landscape Functions -- Post-fire Recruitment Failure as a Driver of Forest to Non-forest Ecosystem Shifts in Boreal Regions -- A Paleo-perspective on Ecosystem Collapse in Boreal North America -- PART II. Temperate and Semi-arid Ecosystems -- The 2016 Tasmanian Wilderness Fires: Fire Regime Shifts and Climate Change in a Gondwanan Biogeographic Refugium -- Climate-Induced Global Forest Shifts due to Heatwave-Drought -- Extreme Events Trigger Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystem Collapses in the Southwestern USA and Southwestern Australia -- PART III. Tropical and Temperate Coastal Ecosystems -- Processes and Factors Driving Change in Mangrove Forests: An Evaluation Based on the Mass Dieback Event in Australia’s Gulf of Carpentaria -- Recurrent Mass-Bleaching and the Potential for Ecosystem Collapse on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef -- Sliding Toward the Collapse of Mediterranean Coastal Marine Rocky Ecosystems -- Marine Heatwave Drives Collapse of Kelp Forests in Western Australia -- Impact of Marine Heatwaves on Seagrass Ecosystems.

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: Rationale of using skin models in research -- Skin anatomy (human and animals for experimental research) -- In vivo skin models -- In vitro human skin models (Skin equivalents vs skin explants) -- Human skin models for studying cutaneous infections -- Skin animal models for pharmacological research -- Human skin models for pharmacological research -- Human skin models for allergological research -- Human skin models for cancer research -- Human skin models for vaccine research.

Description / Table of Contents: Basic semiologic principles to define coherent color palettes for vegetation mapping -- Plant species distributions and ecological complexity: mapping sampling-effort bias explicitly -- Mapping of biogeographical territories: flora, vegetation and landscape criteria -- Dynamic-catenal vegetation mapping as a tool for ecologic restoration, conservation and policy -- Climate Change, Wetland Management and Alpaca Pastoralism in the Bolivian High Andes Mountains -- Essays on geobotanic mapping in the Andes of Bolivia, with particular reference to the conservation status of vegetation -- Using geobotanical tools to map and assess ecosystem services (MAES) in southern Portugal -- Spatial representation of plant diversity at geographical scale: the Italian experience -- Cognitive mapping of forest fragments -- California ultramafic vegetation: a phytosociological update -- Plant associations of the Petasition officinalis alliance in the east Carpathians (Călimani and Gurghiu Mountains) -- Arthrocaulon (Arthrocnemum) macrostachyum plant communites in the Iberian Peninsula, Balaeric and Canary Islands (Spain and Portugal) -- Geosynphytosociological typology of the French atlantic coastal rocky cliffs vegetations -- Symphytosociology: a tool for landscape monitoring: case study from the Swiss Alps -- Why does Mediterranean vegetation seem so diverse? -- Coastal dune vegetation zonation in Italy: squeezed between environmental drivers and threats -- Topographic and other constraints on evergreen broad-leaved forests in the southeastern USA -- Role of riparian zones in reducing pollution of surface and ground water, and increasing agricultural production nutrient acquisition and storage in river catchments -- Vegetation and flora of sacred natural sites in northwestern Morocco – landscape context and conservation value -- The Kaga Coast in Japan: Natural ecosystem and cultural landscape insuring biodiversity -- Species and habitat biodiversity measurement and conservation at different fine scales.

Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Amino acids in intestinal physiology and health -- Amino acid metabolism in the liver: nutritional and physiological significance -- Amino acids in circulatory function and health -- Epithelial dysfunction in lung diseases: effects of amino acids and potential mechanisms -- Amino acid metabolism in the kidneys: nutritional and physiological significance -- Amino acids in health and endocrine function -- Amino Acids in Reproductive Nutrition and Health -- Impacts of amino acids on the intestinal defensive system -- Maternal nutrient restriction and skeletal muscle development: Consequences for postnatal health -- Metabolism of amino acids in the brain and their roles in regulating food intake -- Metabolism and functions of amino acids in the skin -- Metabolism and functions of amino acids in sense organs. .

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Human Chronic Viruses: Pathogenesis, host response, and treatment -- 2. Defining the Role of Immunoproteomics in Human Immunotherapy -- 3. Microbiome and Cellular Players in Type 1 Diabetes: from Pathogenesis to Protection -- 4. Immune Mechanisms, Pathology, and Management of Allergic Ocular Diseases -- 5. Dendritic Cell-regulated T Cell Immunity and Tolerance against Acute Myeloid Leukemia -- 6. Perspectives on the Role of T cell Negative Immune Checkpoint Receptors in Health and Disease -- 7. Neuroprotective Immunity for Neurodegenerative and Neuroinfectious Diseases -- 8. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An overview of a complex, heterogeneous genetic condition.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. From Africa to England -- 3. The children's clinic at Keyworth -- 4. Whooping cough vaccine -- 5. 1977-79: The first outbreak of whooping cough -- 6. Does the vaccine work? -- 7. 1981: Whooping cough vaccine is very rarely harmful -- 8. 1981-83: The second outbreak. How many cases are there really? -- 9.1985-87: The third outbreak. The search for subclinical infection -- 10. Does the effectiveness of the vaccine wear off? -- 11. 1988: Trying to raise the uptake of pertussis vaccine -- 12. 1989-91: The fourth outbreak. The natural history of whooping cough -- 13. 1990's: Whooping cough fades away but new diagnostic tests emerge -- 14. 2000: Whoopingcough.net. Overcoming diagnostic paralysis -- 15. The early noughties: The new tests aid the rediscovery of whooping cough -- 16. Late noughties: "Resurgence" of whooping cough in the USA and Australia puts the UK on alert -- 17. 2012: Whooping cough diagnoses peak in the UK but remain unchanged in Keyworth -- 18. What lies ahead? -- 19. Epilogue -- Appendix.

Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- The marine physical environment during the Polar Night -- Light in the Polar Night -- Marine micro- and macroalgae in the Polar Night -- Zooplankton in the Polar Night -- Benthic communities in the Polar Night -- Fish ecology in the Polar Night -- Biological clocks and rhythms in polar organisms -- Sensor carrying platforms -- Operative habitat mapping and monitoring in the Polar Night -- The Polar Night exhibition: Life and light at the dead of night -- Index.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Molecular mechanisms of Nrf2 in inflammation: Interactions between Nrf2 and inflammatory mediators -- Chapter 2. Nrf2 in immune responses during inflammation -- Chapter 3. Nrf2 and Nrf2-interacting network in respiratory inflammation and diseases -- Chapter 4. Nrf2 in the regulation of endothelial cell homeostasis during inflammation -- Chapter 5. The roles of Nrf2 in cardiovascular system and atherosclerosis -- Chapter 6. Nrf2 and inflammation-triggered carcinogenesis -- Chapter 7. Role of Nrf2 in oxidative and inflammatory processes in obesity and metabolic diseases -- Chapter 8. Modulators of Nrf2 Activation during Inflammation.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction: Ecological Subsidies as a Framework for Understanding Contaminant Fate, Exposure, and Effects at the Land-Water Interface -- Part I: Ecological Subsidies Drive Exposure -- Chapter 2: Ecological Factors Controlling Insect-Mediated Methylmercury Flux from Aquatic to Terrestrial Ecosystems: Lessons Learned from Mesocosm and Pond Experiments -- Chapter 3: Pathways of Contaminant Transport Across the Aquatic-Terrestrial Interface: Implications for Terrestrial Consumers, Ecosystems and Management -- Part II: Exposure Drives Ecological Subsidies -- Chapter 4: Agriculture and Mining Contamination Contribute to a Productivity Gradient Driving Cross-Ecosystem Associations between Stream Insects and Riparian Arachnids -- Chapter 5: Cross-Ecosystem Linkages and Trace Metals at the Land-Water Interface -- Chapter 6: Metamorphosis and the Impact of Contaminants on Ecological Subsidies -- Part III: Other Global Stressors -- Chapter 7: Variables Affecting Resource Subsidies from Streams and Rivers to Land and their Susceptibility to Global Change Stressors -- Chapter 8: Beyond “Donors and Recipients”: Impacts of Species Gains and Losses Reverberate among Ecosystems due to Changes in Resource Subsidies -- Part IV: Management Applications and Tools -- Chapter 9: Practical Considerations for the Incorporation of Insect-Mediated Contaminant Flux into Ecological Risk Assessments -- Chapter 10: When Nutrients Become Contaminants in Aquatic Systems: Identifying Responses to Guide Terrestrial-Derived Detrital Endpoint Development for Managers -- Chapter 11: Mesocosms to Evaluate Aquatic-Terrestrial Contaminant Linkages using Aquatic Insect Emergence: Utility for Aquatic Life Criteria Development -- Chapter 12: Studying Effects of Contaminants on Aquatic-Terrestrial Subsidies: Experimental Designs using Outdoor and Indoor Mesocosms and Microcosms -- Part V: Syntheses -- Chapter 13: Ecological Networks as a Framework for Understanding and Predicting Contaminant Movement across the Land-Water Interface -- Chapter: 14: Synthesis: A Framework for Predicting the Dark Side of Ecological Subsidies.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Introduction: aquatic insects in Australia’s environments -- 1.1. The background to concern -- References -- 2. Major habitats -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Ponds and lakes -- 2.3. Streams and rivers -- References -- 3. Australian inland waters -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Waterfalls -- 3.3. Subterranean aquifers -- 3.4. Rock pools -- 3.5. Mound springs -- 3.6. Lakes -- 3.7. Billabongs -- 3.8. Streams and rivers -- 3.9. Exposed riverine sediments -- References -- 4. Monitoring freshwater macroinvertebrates -- 4.1. Scope and needs for assessments -- References -- 5. Threats: the background variations in condition -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Drought -- 5.3. Flood -- References -- 6. Major imposed threats -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Water temperature -- 6.3. Sedimentation -- 6.3.1. Mining -- 6.4. Pollution -- 6.5. Salinisation -- 6.6. Exploitation -- 6.7. Electrofishing -- 6.8. Changes to riparian vegetation -- 6.8.1. Emergent vegetation -- 6.9. Alien species -- 6.9.1. Plants -- 6.9.2. Fish -- 6.9.3. Mammals -- 6.10. River regulation -- 6.11. Fire -- 6.12. Urbanisation -- 6.13. Recreation -- 6.14. Ecological traps -- 6.15. Climate change -- References -- 7. Macroinvertebrates of inland waters -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. The variety of aquatic insects -- 7.3. Other macroinvertebrates -- 7.3.1. Crustaceans -- 7.3.2. Molluscs -- References -- 8. Insects of Australia’s inland waters -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. Ephemeroptera -- 8.3. Odonata -- 8.4. Plecoptera -- 8.5. Hemiptera -- 8.6. Coleoptera -- 8.7. Mecoptera -- 8.8. Megaloptera -- 8.9. Neuroptera -- 8.10. Lepidoptera -- 8.11. Trichoptera -- 8.12. Diptera -- 8.12.1. Control of aquatic pest flies -- References -- 9. Australia’s flagship freshwater insects -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Selected flagship taxa -- References -- 10. Ecology and management -- 10.1. Introduction -- 10.2. Dispersal -- 10.2.1. Impacts of urban lighting -- 10.2.2. Pond colonization -- References -- 11. Conservation -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Protected areas -- 11.3. Management and restoration -- 11.4. Fish conservation -- 11.5. Education and involvement -- 11.6. Artificial water bodies -- 11.7. Temporary ponds -- 11.8. Intermittent streams -- 11.9. Stormwater retention ponds -- 11.10. Refuges -- 11.11. Woody debris -- 11.12. Riparian zones -- 11.13. Perspective and prospects -- References -- Appendix 1 -- Index.

Description / Table of Contents: Part I: Ecosystem Services Basics -- Chapter 1. Overview of the ecosystem services concept -- Part II: Ecosystem Services of Slovakia -- Chapter 2. Methodology of national ES assessment -- Chapter 3. Provisioning ecosystems services -- Chapter 4. Regulatory ecosystem services and supporting ecosystem functions -- Chapter 5. Cultural ecosystems services -- Part III: Synthesis -- Chapter 6. Synthesis of ecosystem services assessment in Slovakia.

Description / Table of Contents: Basics of Inducible Lymphoid Organs -- Role of iBALT in respiratory immunity -- Chronic inflammation in mucosal tissues: Barrier integrity, inducible lymphoid tissues, and immune surveillance -- Role of lymphoid structure in skin immunity -- Memory lymphocyte clusters in genital immunity: Role of tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) -- Ectopic lymphoid tissue in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Artificial construction of immune tissues/organoids and their application for immunological intervention.

Description / Table of Contents: 1. Core Concepts in Immunology: The Definition of Autoimmunity and Its Unique Application to the Seat of Tolerance, the Liver -- 2. The Liver as a Lymphoid Organ -- 3. The Uniqueness of Innate Immunity -- 4. Adaptive Immunity and the Clinical Definition of Autoantibodies.-5. Genetics of Autoimmune Liver Diseases -- 6. The Epigenetic Basis of Loss of Tolerance -- 7. Bile Acids and Bilirubin in Liver Immunology -- 8. The Microbiota-Gut-Liver Axis – Implications for the Pathophysiology of Liver Disease -- 9. Diagnostic Liver Immunology -- 10. The Pathologist’s Approach to Reviewing Liver Histology -- 11. Geoepidemiology of Autoimmune Liver Diseases -- 12. Immune Responses to Bacterial Infections -- 13. Immunity of Parasitic Infections of the Liver -- 14. The Treatment of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases of the Liver -- 15. Hepatitis A and Other Viral Infections -- 16. Hepatitis B Virus -- 17. Hepatitis C -- 18. Hepatitis D -- 19. Hepatitis E -- 20. Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease -- 21. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Chapter in Liver Immunology -- 22. Primary Biliary Cholangitis -- 23. PSC – AIH Overlap -- 24. Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Autoimmune Hepatitis Overlap Syndrome -- 25. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis -- 26. Autoimmune Hepatitis -- 27. IgG4-related Disease: Current Concept, Diagnosis, and Pathogenesis -- 28. Pediatric Liver Disease -- 29. Mechanisms of Acute Liver Failure -- 30. Immune-Mediated Drug-Induced Liver Injury -- 31. Hepatobiliary Cancers and Immunology -- 32. Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure -- 33. The Pathogenesis of Liver Diseases in Pregnancy -- 34. Graft-Versus-Host Disease -- 35. Immunopathogenesis of Liver Cirrhosis -- 36. Immune-Mediated Liver Disease in the Transplanted Liver.

Description / Table of Contents: Part I: Introductory Communications -- Chapter 1. Our Future and The Oceans -- Chapter 2. General guidelines for future exchanges in marine science and technology between the two Sociétés franco-japonaises d’Océanographie -- Part II: Identification and Analysis of Environmental Stressors -- Chapter 3. The Japan Sea: a changing Pacific Asian marginal sea -- Chapter 4. Statistical analysis of surface circulation in Sagami Bay using High Frequency（HF）Radar -- Chapter 5. Statistical analysis of high frequency pCO2 data acquired with the Astan buoy (Southern Western English Channel, off Roscoff) -- Chapter 6. Spatial variation in pCO2 based on 16 years of in-situ measurements in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan -- Chapter 7. The Bay of Seine: a resilient socio-eco-system under cumulative pressures -- Chapter 8. Effect of bacterial infection on the expression of stress proteins and antioxidative enzymes in Japanese flounder -- Part III: Impacts on Socio-Eco-Systems and Biological Resources -- Chapter 9. A Review of the Effects of Global Warming and Currents Trends on Fisheries and its Impact on Important Commercial Species in Japan -- Chapter 10. Physiology of winter coral bleaching in temperate zone -- Chapter 11. Preliminary report of impacts of the 2011 earthquake and tsunami and subsequent events on macrobenthic community in a shallow brackish lagoon in Sendai Bay, Japan -- Chapter 12. Post-tsunami oyster feeding environment in Nagatsuraura Bay for three years -- Chapter 13. Seagrass-oyster farmers interaction detected by eelgrass DNA analysis in Hinase area of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan -- Chapter 14. Fisheries Biology of Blue Sharks in Sagami Bay, Japan -- Part IV: Vulnerability of Coastal Ecosystems and Risk Assessment -- Chapter 15. Temperature and salinity changes in coastal waters of Western Europe: variability, trends and extreme events -- Chapter 16. Risk Based Consenting of Offshore Renewable Energy Projects (RICORE) -- Chapter 17. Does global warming favour the occurrence of recent blue mussel mortality events in France? -- Chapter 18. Integrated ecosystem management for exploited coastal ecosystem dynamics under oligotrophication and climate changes -- Chapter 19. Forty years of decline and 10 years of management plan: are European eels (Anguilla anguilla) recovering? -- Chapter 20. The management of Mediterranean coastal habitats: a plea for a socio-ecosystem-based approach.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter1.Introduction: What Persists, what Changes -- Chapter2.The mountains -- Chapter3.It's getting warm down here -- Chapter4.Water towers of the west -- Chapter5.Trees, forests, and carbon -- Chapter6.Ecological disturbance -- Chapter7.Creatures great and small -- Chapter8.Extremes, Thresholds, Vulnerabilities -- Chapter9.Mountains and People in a Warming World.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. The Exhibition MARE PLASTICUM: Art and Science for the Environment -- Chapter 2. A Brief History of Plastics -- Chapter 3. Plastics and Microplastics: Impacts in the Marine Environment -- Chapter 4. The (Un)Natural History of the “Plastisphere”, A New Marine Ecosystem -- Chapter 5. Polarquest 2018 Expedition: Plastic Debris at 82°07’ North -- Chapter 6. The Impact of Marine Litter in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Mediterranean Sea: How Can We Protect MPAs? -- Chapter 7. Plastic in China: A Short History of a Crisis -- Chapter 8. "Down by the River": (Micro-) Plastic Pollution of Running Freshwaters with Special Emphasis on the Austrian Danube -- Chapter 9. Small Plastic Wastes in Soils: What Is Our Real Perception of the Problem? -- Chapter 10. Europe's Move Towards Plastic-Free Ocean -- Chapter 11. Plastic Pollution in the Oceans - A Systemic Analysis—Status Quo and Possible Sustainable Solutions -- Chapter 12. Toys for the Winter -- Chapter 13. "The Bottlenose Dolphin” (An Eco-comic).

Description / Table of Contents: Part 1. Litter dynamics: chapter 1. Litter Input (Arturo Elosegi & Jesús Pozo) -- Chapter 2. Leaf Retention (Arturo Elosegi) -- chapter 3. Manipulating Litter Retention in Streams (Michael Dobson) -- chapter 4. Coarse Benthic Organic Matter (Jesús Pozo & Arturo Elosegi) -- chapter5. Leaching (Felix Bärlocher) -- Chapter 6. Leaf Mass Loss Estimated by the Litter-Bag Technique (Felix Bärlocher) -- Chapter7. Determining Litter Mass Loss by the Plant Tagging Approach (Kevin A. Kuehn & Mark O. Gessner) -- Chapter 8. Wood Decomposition (Arturo Elosegi, Maite Arroita & Libe Solagaistua) -- Chapter9. Decomposition of Fine Particulate Organic Matter (Yoshimura Chihiro) -- Chapter10. Coarse Particulate Organic Matter Budgets (Jesús Pozo & Jon Molinero) -- Part 2. Chemical and Physical Leaf Properties. Chapter11. Total Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Carbon in Leaf Litter (Mogens R. Flindt, Ana I. Lillebø, Javier Pérez & Verónica Ferreira) -- Chapter12. Total Protein (Mark O. Baerlocher) -- Chapter13. Free Amino Acids (Shawn D. Mansfield & Mark O. Baerlocher) -- chapter14. Determination of Total Carbohydrates (Shawn D. Mansfield) -- chapter15. Determination of Soluble Carbohydrates (Letitia da Ros, Faride Unda, Shawn D. Mansfield) -- Chapter16. Total Lipids (Mark O. Gessner & Paul T. M. Neumann) -- Chapter17. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Decomposing Leaf Litter (Eric Von Elert) -- Chapter18. Total Phenolics (Felix Bärlocher & Manuel A.S. Graça) -- Chapter19. Radial Diffusion Assay for Tannins (Manuel A.S. Graça & Felix Bärlocher) -- Chapter20. Acid Butanol Assay to Determine Bulk Concentrations of Condensed Tannins (Mark O. Gessner & Daniel Steiner) -- Chapter21. Lignin and Cellulose (Mark O. Gessner) -- Chapter22. Physical Litter Properties: Leaf Toughness and Tensile Strength (Manuel A.S. Graça & Martin Zimmer) -- Part 3. Microbial Decomposers. Chapter23. Techniques for Handling Ingoldian Fungi (Enrique Descals) -- Chapter24. Maintenance of Aquatic Hyphomycete Cultures (Ludmila Marvanová) -- Chapter 25. An Illustrated Key to the Common Temperate Species of Aquatic Hyphomycetes (Vladislav Gulis, Ludmila Marvanová & Enrique Descals) -- Chapter26. Sporulation by Aquatic Hyphomycetes (Felix Bärlocher) -- Chapter 27. Ergosterol as a Measure of Fungal Biomass (Mark O. Gessner) -- Chapter 28. Fungal Growth Rates and Production (Keller Suberkropp, Mark O. Gessner & Kevin A. Kuehn) -- Chapter 29. Bacterial Abundance and Biomass Determination in Plant Litter by Epifluorescence Microscopy (Nanna Buesing & Mark O. Gessner) -- Chapter 30. Growth and Production of Litter-Associated Bacteria (Nanna Buesing, Mark O. Gessner & Kevin A. Kuehn) -- Chapter 31. Isolation of Cellulose-Degrading Bacteria (Jürgen Marxsen) -- Chapter 32. ATP as a Measure of Microbial Biomass (Manuela Abelho) -- Chapter 33. Respiration of Litter-Associated Microbes and Invertebrates (Manuel A.S. Graça & Manuela Abelho) -- Part 4. Molecular Microbial Community Analyses. Chapter34. Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-Rflp) to Estimate Fungal Diversity (Liliya G. Nikolcheva & Felix Bärlocher) -- Chapter 35. Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) to Estimate Fungal Diversity (Liliya G. Nikolcheva & Felix Bärlocher) -- Chapter36. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) to Estimate Molecular Fungal Abundance (Christiane Baschien & J. Steffen C. Carl) -- Chapter 37. Metabarcoding of Litter-associated Fungi and Bacteria (Sofia Duarte, Christian Wurzbacher & Sahadevan Seena) -- Chapter 38. Identifying Active Members of Litter Fungal Communities by Precursor rRNA (Martina Štursová & Petr Baldrian) -- Chapter 39. Gene Expression Analysis of Litter-Associated Fungi Using RNA-Seq (Elizabeth C. Bourne, Paul R. Johnston, Elisabeth Funk & Michael T. Monaghan) -- Chapter 40. Metaproteomics of Litter-associated Fungi (Katharina M. Keiblinger & Katharina Riedel) -- Part 5. Enzymatic Capabilities. Chapter 41. Extractellular Fungal Hydrolytic Enzyme Activity (Shawn D. Mansfield) -- chapter 42. Cellulases (Martin Zimmer) -- Chapter 43. Viscosimetric Determination of Endocellulase Activity (Björn Hendel & Jürgen Marxsen) -- Chapter 44. Fluorometric Determination of The Activity of β-Glucosidase and other Extracellular Hydrolytic Enzymes (Björn Hendel & Jürgen Marxsen) -- Chapter 45. Pectin-degrading Enzymes: Polygalacturonase and Pectin Lyase (Keller Suberkropp) -- chapter 46. Lignin-degrading Enzymes: Phenoloxidase and Peroxidase (Björn Hendel, Robert L. Sinsabaugh & Jürgen Marxsen) -- Chapter 47. Phenol Oxidation (Martin Zimmer) -- Chapter 48. Proteinase Activity: Azocoll and Thin-layer Enzyme Assay (Manuel A.S. Graça & Felix Bärlocher) -- Part 6. Litter Consumers. Chapter 49. Processing of Aquatic Invertebrates Colonizing Decomposing Litter (John S. Richardson) -- chapter 50. Identifying Stream Invertebrates as Plant Litter Consumers (Luz Boyero, Richard G. Pearson, Ricardo J. Albariño, Marcos Callisto, Francisco Correa-Araneda, Andrea C. Encalada, Marcelo Moretti, Alonso Ramírez, April Sparkman, Christopher M. Swan, Catherine M. Yule & Manuel A.S. Graça) -- chapter 51. Shredder Feeding and Growth Rates (Manuel A.S. Graça & José M. González) -- chapter 52. Feeding Preferences (Cristina Canhoto, Manuel A.S. Graça & Felix Bärlocher) -- chapter 53. Energy Budget of Shredders (Manuel A.S. Graça) -- chapter 54. The Role of Shredders in Litter Dynamics at Stream Scale (José M. González & Manuel A.S. Graça) -- Part 7. Litter Manipulations. Chapter 55. Manipulation of Leaf Litter Stoichiometry (Julio Arce-Funck, Vincent Felten, Michael Danger) -- Chapter 56. Isotopic Labelling of Leaf-litter Nitrogen (Bernd Zeller, Severine Bienaimé & Etienne Dambrine) -- Chapter 57. Decomposition and Consumption Tablets (DECOTABSs) (Gea H. van Der Lee, Ellard R. Hunting, J. Arie Vonk & Michiel H.S. Kraak) -- chapter 58. Inoculation of Leaf Litter with Aquatic Hyphomycetes (Eric Chauvet) -- Part 8. Data Analyses. Chapter 59. A Primer for Statistical Analysis (Felix Bärlocher) -- Chapter 60. Determining Temperature-normalized Decomposition Rates (Mark O. Gessner & Frank Peeters) -- Chapter 61. Biodiversity Analysis (Felix Bärlocher) -- Chapter 62. A Bioinformatics Primer for the Analysis of Illumina MiSeq Data of Litter-associated Fungi and Bacteria (Sahadevan Seena, Sofia Duarte & Christian Wurzbacher) -- Chapter 63. A Primer for Meta-Analysis (Verónica Ferreira & Felix Bärlocher).

Description / Table of Contents: Executive Summary -- Overview and Purposes -- Key Message -- Chapter 1. State Of Forest And Rangeland Soils Research In The United States (Dan Binkley, Daniel D. Richter, Richard V. Pouyat, and Linda Geiser) -- Chapter 2. Soil Carbon (Erin Berryman, Jeff Hatten, Deborah S. Page-Dumroese, Kate Heckman, David D’Amore, Jennifer Puttere, Michael SanClements, Stephanie Connolly, Charles H. (Hobie) Perry, and Grant Domke) -- Chapter 3. Soils And Water (Mary Beth Adams, Vince Archer, Scott Bailey, Kevin McGuire, Chelcy Miniat, Dan Neary, Toby O’Geen, Pete Robichaud, and Mike Strobel) -- Chapter 4. Biogeochemical Cycling In Forest And Rangeland Soils Of The United States (Lindsey E. Rustad, Jennifer Knoepp, Daniel D. Richter, and Andrew Scott) -- Chapter 5. Forest And Rangeland Soil Biodiversity (Stephanie A. Yarwood, Elizabeth Bach, Matt Busse, Jane E. Smith, Mac A. Callaham, Jr., Chih-Han Chang, Taniya Roy Chowdhury, and Steven D. Warren) -- Chapter 6. Wetland And Hydric Soils (Carl Trettin, Randall Kolka, Anne Marsh, Sheel Bansal, Eric Lilleskov, Patrick Megonigal, Marla Stelk, Graeme Lockaby, David D’Amore, Richard MacKenzie, Brian Tangen, Rodney Chimner, and James Gries) -- Chapter 7. Urban Soils (Richard Pouyat, Susan Day, Sally Brown, Kirsten Schwarz, Richard Shaw, Katalin Szlavecz, Tara Trammell, and Ian Yesilonis) -- Chapter 8. Soil Management And Restoration (Mary Williams, Cara Farr, Deborah Page-Dumroese, Stephanie Connolly, and Eunice Padley) -- Chapter 9. Soil Mapping, Monitoring, And Assessment (Mark J. Kimsey, Larry E. Laing, Sarah Anderson, Jeff Bruggink, Steve Campbell, David Diamond, Grant Domke, James Gries, Scott Holub, Greg Nowacki, Deborah Page-Dumroese, Charles H. (Hobie) Perry, Lindsey Rustad, Kyle Stephens, and Robert Vaughan) -- Chapter 10. Challenges And Opportunities (Linda Geiser, Toral Patel-Weynand, Anne Marsh, Korena Mafune, and Daniel Vogt) -- Appendix A: Regional Summaries -- Appendix B: Soils Networks And Resources -- Appendix C: Summary Of Research Questions.

Description / Table of Contents: Preface -- Multiple Perspectives on Eurasian Drylands -- Dry Land Belt of Northern Eurasia: Contemporary Environmental Changes -- Recent Land Surface Dynamics in Greater Central Asia -- Quantifying the Anthropogenic Signature in Drylands of Central Asia and Its Impact on Water Scarcity and Dust Emissions -- The Complexity and Challenges of Central Asia’s Water-Energy-Food Systems -- Assessment of the influences of dust storms on cotton production in Tajikistan -- Population and Urban Dynamics in Drylands of China -- Hydrology and Erosion Risk Parameters for Grasslands in Central Asia -- A Conceptual Framework for Ecosystem Stewardship Based on Landscape Dynamics: Case Studies From Kazakhstan and Mongolia -- Social-Ecological Systems across the Asian Drylands Belt (ADB) -- Index.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction. What is an M2 macrophage? Historical overview of the macrophage polarization model. The Th1/Th2 and M1/M2 paradigms, the arginine fork -- Chapter 2. Evolutionary origin of the M2 macrophage activation: invertebrates -- Chapter 3. Evolution of M2 macrophage functions in chordates -- Chapter 4. Signal mechanisms of M2 macrophage activation -- Chapter 5. Mechanisms which control the size of M2 macrophage-dominated tissue macrophage niches -- Chapter 6.Immune functions of the M2 macrophages: host defense, self-tolerance and autoimmunity -- Chapter 7. M2 macrophages in the integument and in the musculoskeletal system -- Chapter 8. M2 macrophages in the circulatory-, respiratory and excretory organs -- Chapter 9. M2 macrophages in the metabolic organs and in the neuroendocrine system -- Chapter 10. Practical approaches in M2 macrophage biology: analysis, pharmacology and didactical interpretation of M2 macrophage functions.

Description / Table of Contents: C-type lectin receptors in phagocytosis -- C-type lectins in immunity to lung pathogens -- Signalling C-type lectins in antifungal immunity -- Dendritic cell immunoactivating receptor: an activating receptor for mycobacteria -- myeloid C-type lectin receptors sensing tissue damage -- 3D structure and ligand recognition of C-type lectins -- Mechanisms and Functions of CARD9 Signaling in the Innate Immune System.