ALBERT

Description: Of the family Oenotheraceae the genus Jussieua is the only one occurring in Suriname. The peculiar Oocarpon torulosum (Arn.) Urb., which has been recorded from Amazonian Peru, Brazil, British and French Guiana, Cuba and Santo Domingo, has up till now not been collected in the colony, but on account of its presence in the neighbouring countries it is there also to be expected. As for the name of the only Suriname genus, it was spelled by LINNAEUS in Genera Plantarum, ed. I (1737), p. 126, Jussieua but afterwards in his Flora Zeylanica (1747), p. 75, changed in Jussiaea.

Description: Among the Acanthaceae grown in the glasshouses of the University Botanic Garden, Utrecht, a plant labelled Aphelandra velutina drew my attention, first, because it obviously belonged to an entirely different genus, and secondly, because a description under this name could nowhere be found. The coincidence of these two grounds for bewilderment might be explained by assuming that Aphelandra was merely a perversion, probably caused by the inadvertency of a transcriber, of the true generic name. This sounded plausible enough, but the name itself could not be found, for all attempts to refer the plant to one of the existing genera failed. It looked as if the plant might have been described somewhere, but for the time being there was no indication at all as to the whereabouts of this description. A clue to the origin of the name was obtained some time afterwards when I found in the Utrecht herbarium a specimen belonging to the same species which was labelled Eranthemum velutinum: the specific epithet, therefore, was the same, but the generic name was different and, as I will show presently, nearer to the mark. The specimen, which dated from 1922, had been collected by the roadside in the Buitenzorg suburb Kotta Paris, and had apparently been named by an official of the Buitenzorg Botanic Gardens. It is, however, certainly no native Javanese plant, for the flora of Java, and particularly that of Buitenzorg, is well known, and a rather conspicuous plant like this one could not have escaped the attention: it was obviously a runaway from one of the neighbouring gardens.

Description: In einem jüngst erschienenen Aufsatz schreibt Du Rietz (1941 S. 6): ”Pylaiella rupincola (Aresch.) Kylin ist mit Conferva litoralis L. identisch. Kein Grund liegt vor anzunehman‘, dass Linné die auf Ascophyllum an der schwedischen Westküste wachsende Pylaiella litoralis sensu Kylin gekannt und in seine Conferva litoralis miteinbezogen hat. Der Name Pylaiella litoralis (L.) Kjellm. muss deshalb für P. rupincola (Aresch.) Kylin beibehalten werden. Für P. litoralis sensu Kylin schlägt Verf. den neuen Namen Pylaiella Kylinii vor.“ Bei meinen Untersuchungen über Pylaiella litoralis (1933 und 1937) war ich zu der Auffassung gekommen, dass diese Art in sich zwei verschiedene Arten enthielt. Für die eine behielt ich den Namen P. litoralis (L.) Kjellm., die andere nannte ich P. rupincola (Aresch.) Kylin 1937 S. 5, und dies zwar aus historischen Gründen. In der Literatur hatte man nämlich die im allgemeinen auf den gröberen Fucaceen epiphytisch wachsende Pylaiella als die Hauptform betrachtet, die im allgemeinen auf Felsen wachsende rupincola dagegen als eine Nebenform. Und um nun die Nomenklatur, in der Weise wie sie sich historisch entwickelt hatte, so wenig als irgend möglich zu verändern, bezeichnete ich die Hauptform als P. litoralis (L.) Kjellm., die Nebenform dagegen als B. rupincola (Aresch.). Kylin. Du Rietz behauptet jetzt, dass ich die Nomenklaturgesetzte übertreten habe. Ehe ich indessen diese Frage des näheren auseinandersetze, werde ich P. litoralis und P. rupincola kurz besprechen.

Description: Anne Antoinette van Bosse, fille de M. Jacob van Bosse et de Mme Jaqueline Jeanne née Reynvaan, naquit à Amsterdam le 27 mars 1852. Très jeune encore elle perdit sa mère; sa soeur, son ainée de 10 ans, prit sa place aussi bien qu’elle put. Outre cette soeur elle avait trois frères. Selon l’usage de cette époque les familles aisées n’envoyaient pas leurs filles à l’école, ainsi Anna van Bosse reçut à la maison son instruction par une institutrice de nationalité suisse. La botanique et la zoologie furent d’emblée ses branches préférées; les fréquentes visites au jardin zoologique ”Artis“ y contribuèrent pour une grande part. l’Observation des animaux exotiques lui procurait un grand plaisir et jusqu’à présent elle porte un grand intêret à ”Artis“.

Description: Summarizing, it appears that Eucommia has the greatest number of characters in common with the Urticales. This is shown by the similarity of the inflorescences as well as by the unisexual flowers and the dioecy. In both groups the pistil consists of 2 connate carpels and the ovary is usually 1-celled by abortion, while the stigmata are generally papillate. Further general points of relation with the Urticales are the originally spiral phyllotaxis, which becomes later on pseudo-distichous, simple vessel perforations, libriform with bordered pits, unicellular hairs and the occurrence of calciumcarbonate and silica as well as of latex elements. Yet, it seems difficult to indicate any particular family in the Urticales to which Eucommia should be most related. While the fruit recalls Ulmus and the latex elements Urtica and Cannabis, the spirally thickened vessel walls remind us of some Morus species. In addition, Eucommia is isolated by the facts that in the Urticales the perianth is never entirely wanting, that there is only one ovule in the cell of the ovary, that stipules are very frequent, that calciumoxalate is characteristic (it is wanting in Eucommia) and that the superficial suberization is subepidermal in the Urticales and epidermal in Eucommia. After the Urticales the Euphorbiaceae-Hippomaneae seem to be the nearest of kin, on account of a number of anatomical and morphological characters. However, the Euphorbiaceae usually possess a 3-celled ovary, a 2-celled one occasionally occurs in the Hippomaneae. Next follow the Hamamelidaceae which have, however, two fertile carpels but of which Distylium and Altingia show a reduction in the perianth and the latter moreover a similar leaf shape.

Description: The kindness of Dr. GOETHART has enabled me to investigate all the Myxomycetes (Myxogasteres, Mycetozoa) which are kept in the Rijks-Herbarium at Leyden. Among the older collections I found those of PERSOON, V. HALL, HANKARL, BUSE, JUNGHUHN, WAGNER. Only a little part of these collections remains, owing to the way, in which the above-mentioned collectors used to conserve their materials.

Description: Die Korallen, die in den folgenden Zeilen besehrieben werden sollen, gehören drei verschiedenen Sammlungen an. Die Korallen von Nias fanden sieh unter den umfangreichen Aufsammlungen, die der niederländische Verwaltungsbeambte E. E. W. Gs. Schröder auf dieser Insel gemacht und dem Leidener Museum überwiesen hat. Die interessanten Fungiden wurden von Herrn J. Bosscha bei M. G. Linggapadang in der Residenz Tegal auf Java gesammelt und dem hiesigen Museum geschenkt. Die Korallen von Borneo schliesslich wurden mir von Herrn Dr. Tobler, Abteilungsvorsteher am naturhistorischen Museum in Basel, zur Bearbeitung anvertraut, sie bilden eine Ergänzung zu dem früher von Borneo beschriebenen Korallenmaterial.

Description: Diese Arbeit enthält die Beschreibung einiger neuer Arten aus den Asphaltgesteinen der Insel Buton, sowie Bemerkungen über schon bekannte Species. Wie überall im ostindischen Archipel ist auch hier K. Martin vorangegangen, indem er 1933 und 1935 insgesamt 35 neue Arten beschrieben und abgebildet hat; diese Anzahl hat sich jetzt bis auf 86 vermehrt. Die hier behandelten Fossilien empfing ich z. T. aus den Sammlungen des Geologischen Institutes der Universität Amsterdam; einen kleinen Teil dieser Sammlung hat Prof. H.A. Brouwer von der Direktion der „Mijnbouwmaatschappij Boeton” erhalten, ein anderer Teil wurde diesem geologischen Museum geschenkt von Herrn Dr. W.P. de Roever, dessen Vater, Herr J.W. de Roever, damals Inspektor der „Stoomvaart-Maatschappij Nederland”, die Fossilien während eines Aufenthaltes auf der Insel Buton aus gleicher Quelle empfing; von beiden Sammlungen ist der genauere Fundort nicht bekannt. Dr. C.O. van Regteren Altena hat die obenerwähnten Mollusken zuerst durchgesehen, konnte diese Arbeit aber nicht beenden und überliess mir das Material zur weiteren Bearbeitung, dabei auch seine Notizen freundlichst zu meiner Verfügung stellend. Es war für uns beide von Interesse, unsere palaeontologischen Ergebnisse auf diese Weise durch Vergleich an einer und derselben Sammlung indopacifischer Mollusken nachprüfen zu können und ich danke Herrn v. Regteren herzlich für diese Gelegenheit zu einem regen Gedankenaustausch. Dass ich diese Arbeit luiternehmen konnte, verdanke ich selbstverständlich auch der Freundlichkeit der Direktion des hiesigen geologischen Institutes.

Description: In 1928 maakte J. Cosijn, als eerste Leidsche student, een begin met de detailkaarteering 1:25000 van een deel der Bergamasker Alpen. Thans is dit werk zoover gevorderd, dat een strook tusschen het Lago di Como en het Ogliodal vrijwel geheel gekaarteerd is. Dat bij zoovele onderzoekers verschil van opvatting over het bepalen van stratigrafische grenzen heerscht, valt niet te verwonderen. Zoo ontstonden feitelijk drie groote problemen, t. w.

Description: La région étudiée est située dans les montagnes du Liban, à cheval sur le Liban Sud et la plaine de la Békaa et s’approche des contreforts de l’Anti-Liban (Fig. 2, p. 256, Fig. 3, p. 260). Cette région fut choisie parce qu’elle s’étend sur un terrain géologiquement fort intéressant et parce que le fond topographique venait d’être levé. Elle couvre la région haute du Liban Sud, de l’un à l’autre bord, déborde un peu à l’Ouest sur le plateau cénomanien côtier et pénètre largement à l’Est dans la Békaa. Dans la région haute le Crétacé inférieur est exceptionnellement développé et riche en faune et le Jurassique y constitue la longue crête du Djebel Barouk. Dans la Békaa se trouvent les termes plus élevés de la série stratigraphique; Cénomanien, Turonien, Sénonien et Eocène, de sorte que toute la série, depuis le Kimmeridgien jusqu’à l’Eocène compris, est représentée.

Description: The Pasoemah region S of the Goemai Mts. in W. Palembang is largely occupied by Quaternary volcanics, which form a sharply dissected plateaulike country, whose surface gradually slopes downward in an ENE direction from ± 1000 m to ± 300 m above sea-level, conformably to the courses of the Selangis and Lematang Rivers above their point of confluence. Where the Lematang River unites with the Moelak River, the acid welded tuffs of the Pasoemah highland, to which attention will be drawn in this paper, are cut off by a steep bluff, formed undoubtedly by retrogressive erosion, which was substantially facilitated by the presence of vertical cleavage planes in the rhyolitic tuff series. In the Goemai Mts., described elsewhere in detail by K.A.F.R. Musper (1937) and also dealt with by the present writer in a previous paper (J. Westerveld, 1941), a core of strongly folded lower-Cretaceous sediments, cut by various intrusiva, is covered unconformably by a steeply tilted series of Eogene or old-Miocene andesitic tuffs and breccias, the Lower Kikim tuffs, which again are covered with slight unconformity by the old-Miocene Upper Kikim tuffs or basal section of the Batoeradja-Telisa series. The base of the Pasoemah volcanics is generally formed by the S-ward dipping Telisa beds or upper part of the latter series; a monotonous sequence of Globigerina marls and shales with intercalated andesitic tuffs and breccias, layers of glauconitic sandstone, platy or concretionnary limestones, and occasional horizons with plant remains. Below the Quaternary tuff mantles this series unquestionably merges S-ward into the late-Miocene Lower Palembang beds, which only seem to be exposed quite locally at the bottom of the Selangis gorge NE of Pageralam (Musper, 1937, p. 41). The lower and thickest portion of the flat-lying, post-Tertiary, volcanic sequence is formed by welded rhyolitic tuffs, and the upper part by andesitic tuffs and agglomerates from the andesitic volcanoes, which border the Pasoemah highland on the W (G. Dempo), the S (the volcanoes of the Semendoh highland) and the E (the G. Isau-isau). Of these eruption points the Dempo volcano and the Semendoh volcanoes lie outside the map region.

Description: Behalve uit de koralen, die ik ter plaatse verzameld heb, werd het studiemateriaal samengesteld uit de verzamelingen der Rijks-Geologische Musea der Universiteiten te Leiden, te Utrecht en te Groningen en uit die der Landbouwhoogeschool te Wageningen. Verder uit de collectie van Teyler’s Stichting te Haarlem, van het Natuur-Historische Genootschap in Limburg en de Stadsverzameling in het „Athenaeum”, beiden te Maastricht. Bovendien heb ik de uitgebreide collectie van het Musée Royal d’Histoire Naturelle te Brussel en de origineelen van Goldfuss te Bonn, ter plaatse mogen bestudeeren. Een doorzoeken der Universiteitsverzameling te München en der Technische Hoogeschool te Delft leverde mij geen nieuw materiaal meer. Van elk der beschreven soorten kon ik minstens één goed exemplaar samenbrengen in het Rijks-Geologisch Museum te Leiden, alleen Favia Maastrichtensis wordt te Wageningen bewaard.

Description: My revision of the Burseraceae in Pulle’s Flora of Suriname is extended here to a monographic treatment of those Burseraceous genera of which representatives occur in Suriname. Engler’s monograph of this family dates from nearly sixty years ago, and since that time many new species have been published. These additions and the large number of minor and major problems which presented themselves, doubtless justify the publication of this study. I am bound to admit however that not all problems could be solved. The present paper is divided into a General Part and a Taxonomic Part. The critical remarks concerning the whole family and its tribes are dealt with in the General Part, and those referring to the separate genera and species are to be found in the appropriate place in the Taxonomic Part; to the former is added a list of general literature, and to the latter a list of collectors’ numbers and indices of vernacular and scientific names.

Description: In my revision of the Turneraceae for PULLE’s Flora of Suriname, I have accepted the genera Piriqueta and Turnera in the delimitation given to them by URBAN. The distinction rests on the presence in Piriqueta of a “corona” at the insertion of the petals. This corona, however, is often so weakly developed as to be almost invisible, and as moreover, the African representatives of Piriqueta appear to be more easily distinguishable from the American ones than the latter from some of the Turneras, the taxonomic importance of this organ appears to be somewhat dubious. A decision of the question, however, would necessitate a more extensive study of the genera than the demands of the present revision would justify; owing to lack of material, moreover, such a study would be impossible at the present time. The only species by which the genus Piriqueta is represented in Suriname was split by Urban in a fairly large number of varieties, of which four have been quoted by him from Suriname, namely: the var. genuina, the var. latifolia, the var. foliosa and the var. bracteolata. The var. foliosa differs from the type mostly in a more luxuriant growth and is very probably nothing but a form growing under somewhat different conditions. The bracteoles of the var. bracteolata are rather variable in size, and even in the specimen quoted by URBAN in the main not different from those found in other plants; it is not impossible that the somewhat larger size of some of them may be due to the presence of parasites. The leaves of the var. latifolia are distinctly wider than those of the type, and it is not improbable that this difference will prove constant. A study in the field, eventually supplemented by culture experiments. however, would be necessary to decide the point. For the present it is perhaps better not to lay too much stress on this rather insignificant difference.

Description: Die Frage nach der Art, wie die nordwesteuropäische Calluna-Heide entstanden ist, und wann dies geschah, wurde in den letzten Jahren erneut diskutiert. In der vorliegenden Mitteilung wird versucht, auf Grund der Resultate pollenanalytischer Untersuchungen kleiner Moore im Heidegebiet der niederländischen Provinz Drenthe einen Beitrag zur Lösung dieses Problems zu geben. Der von uns begangene Weg wurde bereits 1931 von OVERBECK (1) *) vorgeschlagen. Dieser Autor brachte damals auch schon ein Beispiel derartiger Untersuchungen in der Bearbeitung kleiner Moore auf der Vegesacker Geest in der Nähe von Bremen: des Moores bei Lilkendey und des Garlstedter Moores. Die Erscheinung, welche hier wichtig ist, ist folgende: In den Diagrammen der Ablagerungen beider Moore zeigen sich starke Anschwellungen der Ericaceenkurve zur Zeit des Buchenanstieges, die sich wohl nicht ausschliesslich oder auch nur zum grösseren Teil auf die Produktion an Ericaceenpollen des Moores zurückführen lassen. OVERBECK hebt hervor, dass diese Tatsache eine starke Ausbreitung der Heide gegen Ende der Bildungszeit des älteren Hochmoortorfs anzeigt, also im Subboreal, das etwa der Bronzezeit entspricht.

Description: In trying to prepare the account of the Myrtaceae for PULLE’s Flora of Suriname I soon found that a revision of the Myrtaceae of whole Guiana, especially of French Guiana, and preferably also of the Amazonian district, is necessary. The account would be of little value as long as our knowledge of the synonymy and the distribution of the species is so incomplete. The Myrtaceae of Guiana have been treated by BERG in Linnaea XXVII (1855—56) p. 1—512, XXIX (1858) p. 207—256 and XXX (1861) p. 647—713. Yet many species previously described from French Guiana, especially by AUBLET and by DE CANDOLLE, were not known to BERG. Moreover, BERG often based species on insufficient material, as has been pointed out by URBAN in his revision of the West Indian Myrtaceae in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XIX (1895) p. 563. In this publication of URBAN the synonymy of several species common to the West Indies and Guiana is cleared up (Trinidad and Tobago are included in the West Indies). Another valuable contribution is SAGOT’s too little noticed account of the Myrtaceae of French Guiana in Annales Sciences Naturelles 6.20 (1885) p. 181—198. But SAGOT apparently did not know BERG’s last publication in Linnaea XXX, in which RICHARD’s collection from French Guiana is treated. Thus SAGOT sometimes cites specimens of RICHARD without knowing that they must be duplicates of the types of one of BERG’s new species and his account remains very incomplete.

Description: Though an excellent, critical monograph of the genus Cassipourea was published some years ago by ALSTON (in Kew Bulletin, 1925, p. 241—276), I should like to make a few remarks on the South-American species of this genus as my revision for PULLE’s Flora of Suriname III.2 has brought to light a few new facts. It will also give me an opportunity to refer to a publication of BRIQUET on some American representatives of this genus (in Candollea IV, 1931, p. 342—350), which disagrees with regard to a number of species with ALSTON’s interpretations. The species which covers the largest area is the chiefly West-Indian C. elliptica (Sw.) Poir. Formerly also a number of West- Brazilian and Peruvian specimens were referred to it, but ALSTON pointed out that these plants belonged to another species for which he introduced the name C. peruviana. A new West-Indian species, based on Broadway nr. 3841 and 4631, both from Tobago, was described by BRIQUET under the name C. Broadwayi. This species is, in my opinion, conspecific with C. elliptica. BRIQUET amply discussed the differences with C. latifolia Alston from Trinidad, but does not mention its relationship to C. elliptica. , though, in view of the latter’s area of distribution, this would have been more to the point. That ALSTON had already referred Broadway nr. 3841 to C. elliptica was apparently overlooked by BRIQUET. In opposition to BRIQUET I agree with ALSTON that no value should be set on the varieties of C. elliptica described by GRISEBACH (Fl. Br. W. Ind. Isl., I860, p. 274).

Description: Paspalum montanum HENR. nov. spec. Perennis, caespitosa, stricte erecta, ad 60 cm alta; culmi glabri, plurinodes, nodis adpresse pubescentibus; vaginae arctae vel parum hiantes, hirsutae vel villoso-pubescentes, ligula scariosa, brunnea; laminae lineares, ad 1 cm latae vel inferiores angustiores, ad 20 cm longae, acuminatae, nervo crasso praeditae; inflorescentia terminalis, paniculata, e racemis paucis, in axillis barbatis, 4—5 cm longis formata; rhachis partialis subplana, leviter undulata, spiculae binatae, inaequaliter pedicellatae, altera subsessilis, altera longiter pedicellata, pedicelli glabri, subangulati; spiculae leviter sed distincte obovatae, strigosae, 2 mm longae, ad 1.4 mm latae, apice obtusae, vix vel leviter tantum acutatae, nervis haud visibilis, gluma inferior deest, gluma superior et lemma sterilis aequilongae, lemma fertilis 1.7 mm longa, badia vel brunnea, suborbicularis, distincte striato-punctata, haud nitida.

Description: In Eerbeek, in einem der schön gelegenen Dörfer der Provinz Gelderland, steht ein altes Schloss, von der Verkehrsstrasse weit entfernt, und am Bach entlang zu erreichen. Es ist das sogenannte ”Huis Eerbeek“, das Haus der Frau Dr. Weber, die Herrin im wahren Sinne des Wortes. Da können wir heute der neunzigjährigen begegnen, beim Heruntersteigen der steinernen Treppe, oder auch am Teiche, bei den Karpfen und Enten; nicht selten auch trifft man sie ihre schönen Buchenalleen musternd, durch die sie mit raschen Schritten sich fortbewegt. Täglich nach dem Mittagsmahl geht sie spazieren, manchmal um mit dem Gärtner und mit ihren Bauern etwas zu besprechen. Und was gibt es in der heutigen Zeit nicht alles auf einem Gut zu tun, das Gut, das sie mit ihrem Gatten gehütet und entwickelt hat, bei welcher Arbeit sie beide ihren grossen biologischen Interessen frönen konnten.

Description: It needs an explanation why among the botanical papers published in this volume to honour Mrs. Weber—van Bosse on her 90th birthday a zoological contribution has been inserted. Those who have read the curriculum vitae of this wellknown botanist in the foregoing pages of this volume will not wonder, for they know that she has been keenly interested for more than half a century in the zoological work of her late husband. And so among the chorus of botanists the voice of a zoologist could hardly be missed. For many years I have enjoyed the friendship of both, and I am grateful for this opportunity to show Mrs. Weber my affection and my admiration. When contemplating an adequate theme for this paper it occurred to me that in some way or other it had to dwell on the relations between zoology and botany and as the distribution of animals is a branch of science which has always interested both Max Weber and me, I decided on the influence which the distribution of plants has on that of animals.

Description: In a tube (no 282) containing several specimens of algae collected by Dr R. E. Vaughan, Curepipe, Mauritius, in quiet lagoons at Black River Bay a few specimens of a small delicate Griffithsia occurred as an epiphyte upon Laurencia papillosa (Forssk.) Grev. Since this plant has turned out to be a not previously described species it is a great pleasure to me on the occasion of Mme Dr A. Weber—van Bosse’s 90th birthday to name it in honour of her in the hope that Mme Weber will take it not only as a proof of my gratitude for a friendship extending over many years, but also as a token of my admiration for the important contribution made by Mme Weber to our knowledge of the tropical marine algal flora, especially by her great classic work ”Liste des Algues du Siboga“.

Description: The Talaud Islands are forming part of the Malay Archipelago, being situated north of Celebes and the Moluccas, south of Mindanao and east of the Sangihe group, between 3°45’ and 5°35’ N. lat. and 126°32’ and 127°10’ E. long. The main group consists of three larger islands, viz. Karakelong, Salebaboe and Kaboeroeang. The Nenoesa islands, a group formed by the small islands of Garete, Karaton, Merampi, Mengkopoe, Intata, Kakelotan and Maroh are situated northeast of the main group, including also Miangas (Palmas), an islet about 65 miles north of Karakelong, near Mindanao.

Description: Several years ago the Director of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, was kind enough to lend me the Sapotaceous material from the Pacific region preserved in its Herbarium. It has been enumerated underneath together with additional material from other herbaria. These have been quoted by means of the following abbreviations, which are taken from Lanjouw’s list, published in Chronica Botanica V, 1932, 142. A. = Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Jamaica Plain (Mass.), U.S.A. B. = Botanisches Museum, Berlin-Dahlem. Bish. = Bernice P. Bish. Museum, Honolulu, Hawaiian Isl. and some specimens from the private herbarium of Mr O. Degener. Bz. = Herbarium, Gov. Botanic Gardens, Buitenzorg, Java. Cal. = California Botanical Gardens, San Francisco. G. = Institut de Botanique systématique de l’Université de Genève. GB. = Botanical Garden, Göteborg. GH. = Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, Cambridge (Mass.), U.S.A. K. = Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. L. = Rijksherbarium, Leiden. NY. = New York Botanical Garden, New York. O. = Universitetets Botaniske Museum, Oslo. P. = Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Lab. de Phanérogamie, Paris. PRC. = Botanical Institute, Charles University, Praha. Besides, a number of the specimens quoted are probably represented in other, particularly American herbaria, of which no data were available. I wish to tender my sincere thanks to the directors of the institutions mentioned for their kind assistance.

Description: Dans les flores de MIQUEL, de BOERLAGE, de KOORDERS, dans „Naturliche Pflanzenfamilien” de ENGLER et PRANTL, comme dans „Genera Plantarum” de BENTHAM et HOOKER et dans „l’Index Kewensis”, partout, on trouve le nom de Schoutenia (avec le nom de l’espèce ovata) et comme synonyme Actinophora (fragrans). Ces dernières années la station d’essai de sylviculture dans l’île de Java au contraire a posé en avant le nom d’ Actinophora avec le nom de l’espèce, qui s’y rapporte, fragrans. En général il me semble préférable de ne pas changer sans nécessité les noms généralement usités, surtout pas dans les sciences appliquées et dans la vie pratique. Pour le cas qu’il y ait des raisons graves pour remplacer un nom par un autre, la branche de la science pure qui s’est occupée de ce problème aura soin le plus souvent de publier le changement de nom; si cela ne se fait pas, il serait à souhaiter que quiconque trouve le changement désirable (homme des sciences appliquées ou de la vie pratique) en consulte d’abord la science pure.

Description: Wetar: Hügel am Tihoesee, 500—600 m, Eucalyptuswald. (J. ELBERT no. 4570, 27. Februar 1910). Mou bei Lanswerang. N. von Iliwaki, 500—600 m, Eucalyptus-Hain. (J. ELBERT no. 4451, 17. Februar 1910).

Description: Ephedra Gerardiana Wall. A num. list of dried spec. no. 6048. — ROYLE, III. Bot. Him. p. 40, 348! [1839]. — O. STAPF, Die Arten der Gattung Ephedra in Denkschr. der Kais. Akad. d. Wiss. Bd. 56 [1889] p. 75! Foot of the Lashiglacier, 5090 M., 27 July 1922 (coll. VISSERHOOFT, no. 35).

Description: 1. L’été de 1923 j’avais l’occasion de visiter l’herbier du British Muséum à Londres et celui de WALLICH dans les royal botanical Gardens of Kew près de Londres. Et je pouvais constater que le no. 1163 du catalogue WALLICH (1829) est vraiment notre Walikoekoen. Tous les exemplaires de WALLICH sont provenus d’un ou de plusieurs arbres dans le jardin botanique de Calcutta où l’espèce avait été introduite en 1816 par le Dr. BURKE de l’île de France (Mauritius) d’après une note dans le catalogue de WALLICH ¹) du honorable Company’s botanical Garden Sibpur near Calcutta vol. II p. 838, comme M. le superintendent de ce jardin a bien voulu me rapporter. Le superintendent ne savais pas m’expliquer comment l’espèce avait été portée à Mauritius de l’île de Java (son seul lieu natal) avant qu’elle y fut scientifiquement découverte par KORTHALS en 1838.

Description: De uitgestrekte grindafzettingen der Pleistocene Maas-delta vormen het typische plateaukarakter in het Zuid-Limburgsche landschap. In de dalen, die de latere loop der Maas en haar zijrivieren hierin gesneden hebben, komt in de Zuidelijke helft het Senoon aan den dag. Het grinddek van dit z.g. hoofdterras 1) zakt begrijpelijkerwijze langs de dalhellingen naar beneden en vormt een kapvormige bedekking over het Senoon heen. Waar plaatselijk nog resten van Tertiair (Pliocene-mariene zanden) aanwezig zijn, worden deze zoodoende geheel verborgen en is hun aanwezigheid (in dit gedeelte) alleen uit groeven en boringen bekend. Met uitzondering van enkele diepe groeven op het plateau zelf is dus alleen in de dalen het Senoon ontsloten en wordt daar nog op menige plaats door een dikke laag van jongere grind- en lössafzettingen (midden- en laag terras 1) ) bedekt. Ten Noorden van een strook, die ongeveer van Meerssen naar Kunrade loopt, is dit Senoon tot ongeveer 85 meters verzakt. Deze breukrand is door W. C. Klein in kaart gebracht 2). Van het Senoon komen in Zuid-Limburg de volgende 5 typen voor, die naar plaatsnamen genoemd zijn: Maastrichtsch Tufkrijt (= M) Kunrader formatie (=K) Boven-Senoon Gulpensch krjjt (=G) Groenzand van Vaals (=V) Akensch zand (=A) Onder-Senoon Deze benamingen zullen in het vervolg herhaaldelijk aangeduid worden door de hierboven gegeven afkortingen. Nadat eerst eenige geologische overzichtschetsen gepubliceerd waren (Labry, Binkhorst), verscheen in 1911 een nauwkeurige karteering van het te bespreken gebied, door Uhlenbroek verricht; Maastrichter en Kunrader formatie werden door hem met dezelfde letter en kleur aangegeven, Labry had deze daarentegen van elkaar gescheiden gehouden op zijn geologische schetskaart van Zuid-Limburg.

Description: In June 1937 the State Museum of Geology and Mineralogy at Leiden received from Mr. A.S. Dresden at Amsterdam a diamond crystal of a hitherto unknown shape. The crystal is colourless and transparent. Mr. J. Bolman determined its weight at 0.1698 g and its specific gravity at 3.4165.

Description: Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt ein ausführliches Resumé einer Arbeit in holländischer Sprache dar: „De geologie van het westelijk deel van het Heuvelland van Monferrato tusschen Turijn en Murisengo”, Dissert. Leiden, Augustus 1941 2). Das bearbeitete Gebiet ist bisher, namentlich in tektonischer Hinsicht, nur oberflächlich untersucht worden. Störungen wurden nie erwähnt, Profile waren nur spärlich vorhanden. Da sich die Stratigraphie als ausserordentlich interessant erwies, sobald die feineren Merkmale in einer Karte eingetragen wurden, wie es hier geschah 3), konnte zum ersten Mal ein Schema der sedimentären Genese für einen erheblichen Teil der Berge von Monferrato aufgestellt werden.

Description: As far as I know, only three papers are dealing with Charophyta of the Netherlands West Indies. In 1858, in “Monatsbericht der königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin”, BRAUN records two species from Paramaribo, viz. Nitella microcarpa A. BR. and Chara hydropitys REICHENB. ap. MOESSL. These species are also enumerated in the “Fragmente einer Monographie der Characeen” (BRAUN & NORDSTEDT, 1882), in which another species is recorded from Curaçao, viz. Chara gymnopus A. Br. f. curassavica A. BR., now to be named Chara zeylanica Willd. f. curassavica (A. BR.) H. et J. GROVES. The third paper is that of H. and J. GROVES in URBAN’s Symbolae Antillanae (1911), in which the last-named species is once more recorded. In 1930 Mr P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK made an excursion to Curaçao, Aruba and Bonaire with the main object of studying the land and freshwater fauna. In 1936 and 1937 he again visited these islands and, moreover, a.o. the island of Margarita off the Venezuelan coast, the Venezuelan peninsula Paraguaná and the Colombian peninsula La Goajira (WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK, 1940). In the various inland-waters also Algae and Phanerogams have been collected. The aquatic Phanerogams were described by VAN OOSTSTROOM (1939); the Charophyta will be the subject of the present paper.

Description: Die Pflanzendecke unseres Landes hat während des Quartärs grosse Änderungen erlitten. Dies wird besonders deutlich beim Vergleich der limburgischen fossilen Flora, wie sie in einer vortrefflichen Arbeit des Ehepaares REID (Lit. 1) beschrieben ist, mit der gegenwärtig einheimischen Vegetation. Im allgemeinen wird die erwähnte Flora für jungtertiär gehalten, jedoch ist ihre Stelle im Pliozän umstritten. Von den ungefähr 240 Phanerogamen, von welchen sich Reste im Ton von Reuver, Swalmen und Brunssum vorfanden, sind laut der Berechnung von E. M. REID nur 12% heute indigen und 88% exotisch; mehr als die Hälfte der letzteren sind identisch mit rezenten sino-amerikanischen Arten (Lit. 2).

Description: Among the most aberrant types of pollen grains found in plants which have been referred to the family Acanthaceae, are those of the genera Meyenia N. ab E. and Thomandersia Baill. Although the pollen grains were described by LINDAU under different names, those of the first genus as cogwheel-shaped and those of the latter as lenticular, they are really very similar: in both genera they are depressed globose, provided with five or more meridional grooves extending from the equator to about halfway the poles, and without clearly circumscribed germ pores. The difference between the two kinds of grains lies in the presence or absence of ribs: in Meyenia the grooves are borne on the top of ribs separated from each other by shallow depressions, whereas in Thomandersia the whole surface between the grooves is more or less evenly bent. Material of Meyenia was not yet available to me, but judged from the description the genus differs but slightly from Thunbergia L.f. sensu Lindau. In fact, the two genera have often been united. The pollen grains of Thunbergia sensu Lindau resemble those of Meyenia in the absence of germ pores and in the presence of grooves, but the latter are never meridional: as a rule, they are more or less serpentine (cf. BREMEKAMP in Rec. d. trav. bot. néerl. XXXV, 1938, pp. 142—143, fig. 2 A—G and Tab. XIII B—E).

Description: L'éditeur de ce journal vient de recevoir de Mme Ruge, née Baenziger, une des plus anciennes amies de Mme Weber, la lettre suivante, qu’il est heureux de pouvoir faire imprimer ci-dessous: Ma chère Anna, Quatre-vingt-dix ans! Voilà pour la première fois dans notre amitié de longues années que je constate une indiscrétion de votre part; vous à qui l’on pouvait à bon droit reprocher un excès de discrétion tant sur le domaine de la pensée que sur celui de l’action. Et cependant, ces quatrevingt-dix ans vous ont été imposés par les puissances au dessus de nous. Certes, les années écoulées depuis la mort de votre mari vous ont placé devant line bien lourde tâche, mais d’autant plus lumineuse me semble votre vie avant ce douloureux événement. Que de multiples richesses, que de souvenirs précieux à des événements, auxquels j’ai pu prendre part. Au moment que je fis votre connaissance je me rappelle votre enthousiasme de pouvoir suivre des cours à l’université; vous et deux autres dames étudiantes parmi les premières admises à l’université. En pensées, je vous revois rentrant avec le professeur Weber d’un voyage aux Indes, votre sympathie pour les aborigènes de l’Insulinde, vos histoires savoureuses d’une réception par un prince indigène et de ses filles, votre haut estime pour un prêtre, le Rév. Père le Cocq d’Armandville et pour son travail dans l’île de Flores. Tout cela valait certes les récits habituels de voyage imprimés, souvent si longs et fastidieux. Comme je me rappelle la soirée, quand vous me racontiez de votre séjour dans l’extrême Nord à Tromsô, de votre course dans un petit bateau à partir de Vardô, piloté par un couple lappon à travers les rapides d’une rivière qui, aboutissant dans un fjord, devait vous conduire au débarcadère du vapeur, qui était sur le point de lever l’ancre pour le dernier départ de la saison vers le Sud. Encore maintenant je ressens votre tension: arrivons nous à temps, oui où non! Les provisions de voyage étaient épuisées, la vraie faim se faisait sentir, heureusement qu’au petit restaurant du port on faisait bouillir le saumon, la seule nourriture de l’endroit, mais voilà la sirène du vapeur, qui appelle d’urgence les voyageurs et empêche de goûter au saumon. Plus calmement et plus selon mon goût s’effectua l’excursion à l’île de Vlieland, que les deux couples d’amis entreprirent pendant un congé de la Pentecôte. Un char à bancs nous déposa à De Cocksdorp, le bateau-poste nous conduisit de Texel à Vlieland; en somme un voyage sans émotions et qui pourtant amena le conducteur de la chariole à nous demander s’il s’agissait pour nous autres vraiment d’une partie de plaisir.

Description: An attempt has been made to subdivide a very polymorphous plant species by means of a quantitative statistical method. This method has been based upon the following working hypothesis: 1° as some morphological characters of the material, concerning e. g. the shape of the leaves, the length of the pedicels etc., show an extremely great variation, each of these characters in every specimen at hand may be stated to be in one of three (one intermediate and two extreme) conditions; 2° if a character happens to be in an intermediate condition in a relatively great number of specimens the difference between the extreme conditions of that character may be considered insignificant from a taxonomical point of view; 3° the fewer characters of two or more specimens are differing significantly (in the way mentioned), the more reason there is to consider those specimens to belong together; and, on the contrary, the more numerous the significant differences are, the more reason there is to distribute the specimens to two (or more) different groups. On the basis of this working hypothesis the material at hand, consisting of 143 specimens (all considered to belong to the Sapotaceous Planchonella sandwicensis, which was discussed in a paper by Lam), could be subdivided into two different groups. Five characters were chosen, each allowing to state one intermediate and two opposite extreme conditions. Of these the shape of the leaf proved to be a most important criterion for a subdivision. After this had been stated, a purely quantitative check was made which largely endorsed the result.

Description: In the winter and early spring of 1916 Mrs. Anna Weber-van Bosse at her hospitable residence near Eerbeek initiated me in the study of Freshwater Algae. For several years after that date in numerous trips all over this country I collected and studied some thousands of samples from all kinds of freshwater ponds and lakes, canals and streams. The Desmids soon drew my special attention, when an unexpectedly rich and varied Desmid flora was found in certain fens and ponds in the diluvial and moor districts of our country.

Description: Du 21 décembre 1922 au 13 mars 1923 je fis un séjour dans les îles Canaries, savoir: à Ténériffe (21 déc.—5 mars) et dans la Grande-Canarie (5—13 mars). Madame A. DEN TEX-BOISSEVAIN, ma compagne de voyage, séjourna encore et botanisa dans l’île de Palma du 19 février au 1 mars 1923. Bien que je fusse partie dans le but de recueillir des plantes supérieures pour le „Ryks-Herbarium” (Herbier de l’État), il s’entend que, m’intéressant spécialement pour l’étude des Champignons supérieurs des Pays-Bas, j’avais un vif désir d’explorer la flore mycologique canarienne.

Description: 1. Vorbemerkungen. Lange Zeit kannte man nur eine Art dieser interessanten Gattung aus dem Obereocän der Insel Java, nämlich Buccinulum jogjacartense (Martin) [Martin, 1914, S. 142]. Vor kurzem beschrieb dann Oostingh eine zweite javanische Art, nun aus dem Pliocän von Süd-Bantam (1939, S. 117). Inzwischen hatten aber Wanner und Hahn (1935, S. 250) zwei Arten dieser in der rezenten indopacifischen Fauna nicht vertretenen Gattung als eine Art beschrieben und sie ausserdem unter die Gattung Siphonalia eingereiht. Dank der Freundlichkeit von Herrn Prof. Wanner erhielt ich die Originale dieser Arten zwecks weiterer Untersuchung und konnte dabei feststellen, dass die Beschreibung, welche seinerzeit zwei Arten unter einer einzigen zusammenfasste, nicht zutreffend war. Ferner liegen mir noch mehr Arten vor aus dem Miocän der Insel Sumatra und Borneo, die in holländischen Sammlungen (generisch unbestimmt) vorhanden waren; nach eingehender Prüfung liessen sich weitere Arten darunter nicht nachweisen, sodass die Resultate sich in vorliegender Mitteilung zusammenfassen lassen.

Description: During an excursion to the South of Switserland, Professor Escher suggested my mapping out the south-western corner of the porphyry district of Lugano. I gladly agreed, for his detailed examination of the Morcote-peninsula had already shown that many interesting facts had escaped unobserved during the small-scale mapping forty years ago; and it was, therefore, highly probable that the projected work would prove fruitful. The necessary field-work was carried out in the spring of the years 1924 and 1925. The collected material I examined in the geological museum of Leiden, where it will remain in future.

Description: As early as 1863 Sorby proved that pitted pebbles are the result of solution at the points of mutual contact in a conglomerate. As cause he suggested solution under pressure in saturated, stagnant groundwater by what has afterwards been designated Riecke’s principle. By the examination of polished cuts through a pitted conglomerate I found confirmation of this hypothesis. The alternate explanation by Daubrée, Kumm and others of solution in water held by capillarity at the points of contact could not cause the observed shapes of the pits. The experiments they used to disprove Sorby’s view are fundamentally incorrect. They attempted to form pits by a solvent liquid, instead of using pressure and saturated water. Groningen, November 1942.

Description: 1) Examining the Semper-collection of mollusca from the Philippines kept in the Leyden Geological Museum, I met with some generic undetermined specimens of a representative of the genus Atopodonta (from Tertiary strata only rarely recorded), all belonging to one and the same species, which appeared never to have been described before. This genus 1) is known from the Eocene of the Paris basin represented by two species, viz. the typespecies Atopodonta conformis (Deshayes), 1860 [Deshayes,. Anim. s. vert., I, p. 419, plate 28, fig. 14—16 (“Venus”); Cossmann, Catal. ill., I, 1886, p. (98— 100) 99, plate 6, fig. 3—6 (excl. plate 8, fig. 3—4)] and A. tapina Cossmann, 1886 (l.c., p. 100, plate 6, fig. 7—9). These are the only European species. In 1941 I was in a position to describe the first Neogene representative that is known, strange enough this time from the Younger Miocene of Eastern Borneo; and only some time ago I recognized a second species in a collection of mollusca from the Older Miocene Rembang-beds of Java. To these scarce data the shells of the Semper-collection form a welcome addition.

Description: Part I of this monograph has been published in volume 10 of this Journal, pp. 241—320, 1938. Preparing this second part I met with the help and assistance from many persons and institutes again, for which I express my most cordial thanks here. The figures illustrating this paper have been drawn once more by Mr. L. P. Pouderoyen, while the „Zoologisch Insulinde Fonds” supplied the cost of these illustrations.

Description: Bei unserer Untersuchung der Geologie des Turiner Beckens veranlasste uns die dort aufgefundene Tertiärsedimentation uns mit dieser faszinierenden Erscheinung näher zu beschäftigen. Schon früher haben sich eine Reihe von Forschern mit diesem Problem auseinandergesetzt, und man muss annehmen, dass die Einteilung der verschiedenen Schichtungsarten — sedimentäre Phänomene von höchster Bedeutung — am besten genetisch zu erfolgen hat, wie u. a. Kumm (20) und Brinkmann (7) es getan haben. Dazu zwingen uns auch die geologischen Verhältnisse, auf die wir an erster Stelle mit einigen Bemerkungen über das Tertiär der Turiner Berge eingehen wollen. Wir können hier nur kurz die wichtigsten Daten und Ansichten über die Entstehungsweise bestimmter Schichtenfolgen zur Sprache bringen; für nähere Einzelheiten der hier benutzten geologischen Belege verweisen wir auf eine ausführliche Arbeit über das Turiner Tertiär: Beets (5). Mit verschiedenen Autoren verstehen wir unter Schichtung den vertikalen Material-und (oder) Texturwechsel innerhalb einer Gesteinsserie, welcher sowohl in beschränkter wie auch mehr ausgebreiteter horizontaler Richtung ungefähr gleichzeitig stattfindet (cf. auch Kumm, 20, S. 199). Brinkmann (7) gibt eine ausgezeichnete Uebersicht der verschiedenen Schichtungsarten, die man bisher beobachtet hat, und ihrer möglichen Erklärungen; so auch Dacqué (9): eine allgemeine Uebersicht. Wir wollen dann besonders jene komplexe Schichtung, die von Stamp (26) besprochen wurde, und die hier u. a. in Abb. 2b dargestellt ist, näher behandeln. Von dieser Art komplexer Schichtung bestehen manche Varianten, die zwar zuweilen als prinzipiell abweichende Typen dargestellt werden, aber u. E. die gleiche Entstehungsursache haben und nur graduell verschiedenen Genesen zugrunde liegen: Abb. 2 a—c und Abb. 4 a—b.

Description: Crystals of the notched or grooved type are known from some minerals which crystallise in the cubic system. From diamond grooved octahedrons are known, whose grooves remind us of octahedral faces, or the faces of triakis octahedra or hexakis ostahedra. From haüynite too grooved octahedrons are pictured, whose grooves are bordered by octahedral faces. Grooved analcite is known in icositetrahedrons, the grooves are bordered by faces of the same icositetrahedron.

Description: Le terrain exploré est limité au Nord par une ligne droite, qui va de Ghirla en passant par Marzio à Brusimpiano. La limite Est est formée par le lago di Lugano et par la vallée de Porto Ceresio jusqu’à Pogliana. La limite Sud est plus irrégulière; elle passe au Sud de Pogliana vers le sommet de la Poncione di Ganna et descend après vers S. Gemolo. La limite Ouest est formée par le Valganna. La surface de tout le terrain exploré est à peu près de 24,5 km2. Les limites Nord et Sud sont formées par des sédiments mésozoïques, que je n’ai point examinés. Les récentes recherches de M. A. Senn nous ont fait connaître les formations mésozoïques au Sud de mon terrain. Les mêmes formations au Nord constituent le sujet d’une étude déjà entreprise.

Description: This paper contains the diagnoses in Latin of a new genus, new sections of some genera, several new species and a number of new varieties which will be dealt with by the author in English in a publication entitled: “A monograph of the genus Protium and some allied genera (Burseraceae)”, to be published in Rec. Trav. bot. néerl. XXXIX, p. 211 (1942) and in Meded. bot. Mus. en Herb. Utrecht 90 (1942). Protium BURM.f. sectio Eu-Protium SWART n. sect.

Description: Lorsque, il y a une année à peu près, ma collaboratrice Mlle Joséphine Koster vint me trouver en suggérant l’idée d’éditer un volume dédié au jubilé de votre quatre-vingt-dixième anniversaire, j’acceptai sans hésitation. Cette idée m’était en effet d’autant plus sympathique que j’avais cherché depuis longtemps une occasion pour vous exprimer en public notre admiration tant pour votre personne que pour votre oeuvre. Si nous ne nous étions pas trouvés dans un temps où les contacts internationaux sont interrompus, si précieux et si indispensables pour nous autres, travailleurs scientifiques, il aurait été certainement possible d’organiser une collaboration de plusieurs pays d’outre mer. Car nous savons que vos nombreux amis auraient été heureux de pouvoir contribuer à cet humble témoignage de notre amitié et de notre vénération. Ils sont nombreux en effet, vos amis, et parmi eux se trouvent les coryfées de votre science, l’algologie. Hélas cette grande guerre, qui s’étend sur tout notre monde et qui a temporairement rompu tant de liens, nous a forcé de limiter nos invitations à quelques représentants de votre science, vivant dans notre petit continent. Ils se sont déclarés heureux de pouvoir offrir des articles en votre honneur, articles que vous trouverez publiés dans ce petit volume, supplément de notre journal “Blumea”.

Description: Le matériel étudié dans ce travail a été récolté par le R.P. Foreau S.J., aux environs de Shembaganur, dans les Palni Hills, entre 5200 et 6500 pieds, au cours des années 1929 et 1930. Je donnerai d’abord la liste de toutes les espèces que j’ai pu observer dans ce matériel, puis quelques détails sur celles qui peuvent présenter un intérêt particulier.

Description: Les Chlorophycées du golfe de Gascogne sont encore peu connues. Elles n’ont fait l’objet que d’une courte énumération de C. Sauvageau dans son travail ”sur les Algues marines du golfe de Gascogne“. J’ai repris cette étude au cours d’un séjour à Saint-Jean-de-Luz et à Biarritz, pendant le printemps de 1940. J’ai récolté les espèces suivantes: 1. Prasiola stipitata Suhr — Se rencontre dans le port de Saint-Jean-de-Luz au niveau de l’ E. marginata. Il est de petite taille, ne dépassant guère 1 cm de hauteur. Il se présente parfois sous la forme ordinaire, élargie en lame au-dessus d’un stipe uniforme; mais, plus souvent, il forme une simple languette, étroite et contournée, à aspect d’ Entéromorphe et rappelle alors le Prasiola calophylla.

Description: En examinant en 1939 dans une note présentée à l’Académie des Sciences de Belgique une étude de M. Ronse, nous avons été amené à reprendre des considérations sur les mucilages des végétaux et en particulier sur ceux des algues (22; 31). Déjà en 1891, dans nos ”Observations algologiques“ nous avons examiné la nature et la structure des parois cellulaires de certaines algues et fait remarquer que la gaine mucilagineuse de Conjuguées, étudiée par divers auteurs était loin de présenter sur toute la surface d’un filament la même épaisseur. Des Spirogyra, par exemple, suivant des parties du filament, montraient une gaine nette et épaisse, ou à peine indiquée.

Description: The genus Galaxaura can in several respects be classed among the most remarkable Florideae. It is not only — with Chantransia — the genus richest in forms of all the genera belonging to the order of Nemalionales, which has more than 70 described species, it also offers, both in its interior and its exterior organization, such a high differentiation, and a tissue specialization going so far, that, as the monographer of the genus, the late Professor F.R. Kjellman (1900), said: ”it may be difficult even in the great province of the Florideae to find forms with a higher or even as high a division of labour in the tissues of the shoot...“. Even if the number of species may actually diminish with further investigations, this is in a way connected with a peculiarity of organization, characteristic of the genus Galaxaura, namely that the sexual plant of a species has quite another anatomical structure of the cortical tissue than does the tetrasporic plant. This remarkable discovery was made by Howe (1917, 1918), who had had the opportunity of studying some species of Galaxaura in the West Indies, in their natural localities. This fact was not known of any Floridea at the time Kjellman wrote his monograph on this genus in 1900. Moreover, Kjellman had a quite different conception of the position of the tetraspores during the course of development of the Florideae than the one we have nowadays formed from the results of the cytological research. To Kjellman the tetraspores or, as he called them, the ”tetragonidia“, were a kind of propagation organ with the character of ”Nebenfruktifikation“, and thus not, as we must now regard them, the reproduction bodies of the diploid generation ending the diplophase in the alternation of generations. Thus, when Kjellman in his herbarial studies found forms of Galaxaura with otherwise similar organization but with quite a different cortical anatomy, it was quite natural that he described them as new species. One of the tasks of future taxonomical research will therefore be to combine such ”species“ of Kjellman as, in reality, are only the sexual and the tetrasporic generation of one and the same species. Naturally, this problem can only be solved by a botanist who has the opportunity of studying the development of the Galaxaurae in their native localities. Finally, only cultures will be really decisive. However, the number of species of Galaxaura will certainly be reduced.

Description: In 1938, Verdam published an account of the then-known Charophyta of the Netherlands in the English language (cf. this journal, vol. 3), and one year later (1939) another in our own language in “Nederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief”. In both papers reference was made to only five Netherlands’ publications on the same subject, the oldest of which is dating from 1846. In studying i.a. the history of the Malaysian Charophyta (Zaneveld, 1940) I found that much more was published on the Charophyta of our Low Countries. As will be seen below, it became evident that the first printed record of a Netherlands’ Charophyte dates as far back as 1636. It seems worth while to publish these notes on the history of the identification of our Charophyta as, moreover, a number of additional facts have become known. The data of the present review have been taken from the following sources (chronologically arranged): 1. herbals ; 2. catalogues of Botanic Gardens; 3. local floras; 4. general floras and taxonomic textbooks; 5. monographs.

Description: On preparing the manuscript of the Verbenaceae for Dr C. A. Backer’s ”Flora van Java” it appeared to me that — in comparison with the monographic treatments of this family by Lam (5) and by Lam & Bakhuizen van den Brink (6) — several changes in the nomenclature and in the interpretation or delimitation of certain species are urgent. Although, considered in the light of more recent work on this family as it occurs in adjacent regions (2, 3, 8), a new critical revision of the Malaysian Verbenaceae seems desirable, we have to refrain from such a task, which would require a greater deal of investigation than the present author is able to afford at the time. Hence these notes are merely intended to account for the discrepancies between the treatment of the javanese species as they will appear in the afore-mentioned flora and as they are given in the recent monographs (5, 6). Still, they may prove to be a first contribution towards another revision covering the whole of Malaysia.

Description: The plates I—XI contain illustrations of all the skulls and horn-cores of Bovidae from the Quaternary of the Netherlands, brought together in the National Museum of Geology at Leyden, Holland. They were all photographed with the occiputs vertical or what is thought to be vertical. They are described in the same order as figured. On the plates I—V are represented the skulls and horn-cores of the domesticated cows. Four races are distinguished among them: the brachyceros-race (fig. 1—25), the frontosus-race (fig. 26), the primigenius-race (fig. 27—41) and the trochoceros-race (fig. 42—46). The brachyceros-skulls and horn-cores have the following characteristics: a sharp angle (30°—50°) between the plane of curvature of the horn-cores and the horizontal plane, cores that are curved in one plane, a sharp angle (about 70°) between os frontale and os occipitale, a small breadth of the os frontale (table 1, measurement 2: 137—145 mm), a small index 6 (table 1), small measurements 10, 15 and 16 (table 1), a large breadth to length-index of the os frontale (table 1, measurement 13), a small difference between the length (table 1, measurement 27) and the basal circumference of the horncores (table 1, measurement 26). Examples of typical representatives of brachyceros-cows are given by the figures 3, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 21 and 22. The skulls and cores of the figures 2, 4, 7, 15 and 24 show some affinity to the primigenius-race and those of the figures 1, 5, 10, 16, 17, 18 and 23 to the trochoceros-race. The basal parts of the cores of figure 26 are strongly curved backwards and the plane of curvature nearly coincides with the frontal plane. As the points of the horn-cores are missing, the determination is somewhat uncertain. It is, however, not impossible, that this skull belonged to a frontosus-cow. The skulls and horn-cores, which I believe that belong to the primigenius-race, have the following characteristics: the cores are (when the occiput is placed in the vertical plane) directed strongly upwards and are not curved in one plane; the min. breadth of the os frontale (table 3, measurement 2), the length of the forehead (table 3, measurement 10) and the breadth of the occiput (table 3, measurements 15 and 16) are larger than those of the brachy-ceros-cows; there is a large difference between the length of the cores (table 3, measurement 27) and their basal circumference (table 3, measurement 26). Examples of typical representatives of the primigenius-race are given by the figures 27, 28, 31, 33 and 34. The horn-core of figure 29 probably belonged to a young Bos primigenius. The skulls and cores of figures 30, 32 and 35 show some affinity to the brachyceros-race. The skulls and horn-cores of plate V are believed to be representatives of the trochoceros-race. They are characterized by an angle of 10°—20° between the plane of curvature and the horizontal plane, a curvature of the cores in one plane, a backward curving of the basal parts of the cores, a longer breadth to length-index of the os frontale (table 4, measurement 2), a length of the forehead (table 4, measurement 10) and a breadth of the occiput (table 4, measurement 15 and 16) which are larger than those of the brachyceros-race. On the plates VI—VIII are presented the skulls and horn-cores of Bos primigenius. Comparing the measurements (see table 5) with those of males and females, as given by Adametz, it is clear, that the skulls and cores of figures 47, 48, 49, 50 and 53 belonged to males and that of figure 51 to a female. Skulls and horn-cores of Bison priscus are presented on the plates IX—XI. Among them are distinguished two different races, Bison priscus longicornis Grom. (plate IX, plate X, fig. 62, 65, 66, 67 and plate XI) and Bison priscus deminutus Grom. (fig. 63—64). The first is characterized by a large and narrow skull with long and slender cores and with a breadth to length-index of the os frontale (table 6, measurement 13) of 133—147. A comparison with the measurements as given by Gromova makes it probable, that only the skulls of figures 60 and 63 are females whereas all the others belonged to males. Bison priscus deminutus (fig. 63 and 64) is characterized by a moderately sized skull with massive cores and with a breadth to lengthindex of the os frontale (table 6, measurement 13) of 124. The min. breadth of the os frontale (table 6, measurement 2) is only 267—286 mm. There is, however, some difference between the skull of figure 63 and the skull of figure 64. The first mentioned has a convex forehead with regular transitions in the cores; the cores are only feebly curved. This skull is supposed to have belonged to a female animal. The skull of figure 64 has a flat forehead sharply separated from the cores; the cores are much more curved. This skull probably belonged to a male bison. Table 7 gives a review of the stratigrapbical distribution of the Bovidae, here described. The specimens of Bison priscus from Bokhoven (fig. 61), Brummen (fig. 74) and Drempt (fig. 64) certainly belong to Würm Glacial and the others probably also. The specimens of Bos primigenius may be devided into three groups. Enterbroek (fig. 48) and Ammerozden (fig. 49) belong to the Würm Glacial. Lutterzijl (fig. 47), Nieuwe Merwede (fig. 50) and Terschelling (fig. 51) belong either to the Würm Glacial or to the Holocene. The others are holocene. Of these the specimen from Veghel, 2 m (fig. 54) belongs to the Boreal and those from the Mease-tunnel (fig. 52, 55, 56 and 58) and Dinther (fig. 53) to the Subboreal. The normalisation-works of the river Aa, Northern Brabant, have furnished some important data as to the stratigraphical distribution of Bos taurus. The oldest specimen, Veghel, 2½ m — (fig. 23), has been dated by pollen analysis as belonging to the upper part of the Würm Glacial, the so-called Lateglacial. However, it is not probable, that this horn-core is derived from a domesticated animal. The oldest occurrence of domesticated brachyceros-oxen are contemporaneous with the Kjökkenmöddinger culture (5000—4000 b. C.). The horn-core of Veghel, on the other hand, is of the same age as the late palaeolithic culture (before 8000 b. C.). Therefore it is much more probable, that the core belonged to a wild ox, namely Bos (Brachyceros) europaeus Adametz. By several investigators (Adametz, Antonius) this species is considered to be the wild ancestor of the domesticated brachyceros-oxen. The specimen from Veghel renders this theory more probable than the view advocated by Nehring, Duerst and Hilzheimer, who suppose, that all the races of Bos taurus, the brachycerosrace included, descended from Bos primigenius Boj. The first undoubted tame cows from the river-basin of the Aa are dated by pollen analysis as belonging to the transition from Boreal to Atlanticum. This is the beginning of the late mesolithic Kjökkenmödinger culture. The still persisting flint-industry (microliths) is associated with the first pottery. It is the time of beginning agriculture. As demonstrated by the finding of remains of Cervus elaphus L. and Bos primigenius Boj., the deer and the aurochs were formed the chief hunting quarry. In Subboreal time this district was inhabited by the so-called „urnpeople”, by who not only the brachycerosbut also the more robust primigeniusand trochoceros-cows were breeded. The district of the larger rivers is characterized by the absence of Bos taurus brachyceros, the probable presence of Bos taurus frontosus, during the Subboreal, and the presence of Bos taurus primigenius during the Boreal and Subboreal. The absence of the brachyceros-cow is probably imputable to a hiatus in the collections of the Museum at Leyden. Contrary to Bos taurus brachyceros, Bos taurus primigenius is generally considered to be a direct descendant of Bos primigenius. It is however not yet known at what time the first aurochses were domesticated. Without doubt the skull from Wijk-bij-Duurstede (fig. 27) belonged to an animal, that lived at the beginning of domestication. The frontosus-ox is not found among the fauna of the Swiss lake dwellings. However it is described by Degerbøl from the Subboreal of Denmark (Bundsø). Therefore it is probable, that the „urn-people” living along the large rivers had a different origin to the people dwelling in the sandy regions of Brabant.

Description: 1. Es sind bisher über die merkwürdige rezente marine Gastropoden-Gruppe Thatcheria Angas, 1877 sehr wenige Gegebenheiten bekannt, vergleichende Untersuchungen mit fossilen Arten fehlen (fast) vollkommen und auch die Frage ihrer systematischen Stellung ist nie in befriedigender Weise gelöst worden. Auf Grund vergleichender Forschungen bei der Bestimmung gewisser fossiler, systematisch schwieriger, doch morphologisch einfacher ostindischer Arten glaube ich diese Frage endlich — jedenfalls zum grössten Teil — lösen zu können, dank auch der von N.B. Eales ausgeführten anatomischen Untersuchung der einzigen lebenden Art dieser „Gattung”. Angas beschrieb 1877 eine Schale der hiesigen Art, Thatcheria mirabilis von Japan; er betrachtete sie vorläufig als Glied der Fusinae. Seither ist unsere Kenntnis von Thatcheria so gut wie nicht erweitert worden (bis 1938): Tryon (Man. of Conchology, 3, 1881, S. 98, 112; Struct. a. system. Conchology, 2, 1883, S. 135), der den Typus gesehen hatte, betrachtete ihn als eine unzweifelhaft scalaroide Monstruosität, nahe verwandt mit Hemifusus [„Semifusus”] Swainson, 1840 (= Cochlidium Gray, 1850); Fischer (Manuel de Conchyl., S. 623) erwähnte kurz Tryon’s Meinung, rechnete Thatcheria also ebenfalls zu den Melongenidae. Auch Cossmann hat sich seit 1889 der Meinung Tryon’s angeschlossen (cf. Cossmann, Essais de pal., 4, 1901, S. 62, 93—94). Dann wird diese Gattung nochmals erwähnt im Jahre 1919, bloss als Merkwürdigkeit, “a monstrosity of Fusus”, der Sammlung De Burgh (Journal of Conchology, Bd. 16, 1919, S. 66). 1934 bildete Yokoyama (On Cochlioconus, S. 406) nochmals Tryon’s Figur des Genotypus ab, dabei seine fossile Gattung Cochlioconus Yokoyama, 1928 richtigerweise als Synonym von Thatcheria (nach Yokoyama neben Conus zu stellen) anführend, übrigens auf Anregung von Pilsbry. In demselben Jahr gab Hirase (Coll. of japanese shells, S. 104, Taf. 128 B, Fig. 3) eine mässig gelungene, doch noch ausreichend deutliche Abbildung eines 94 mm langen Vertreters von Th. mirabilis und 1937 wird in einer Versammlung der “Malacological Society London”, wo von Le B. Tomlin eine Schale dieser Art gezeigt wurde, entschlossen, dass sie eher einen Pleurotomiden- oder Opisthobranchier-Vertreter (“allied to Akera”) darstellen könnte (vgl. Proc. Mal. Soc. London, Bd. 22, Lief. 4, S. 158). Schliesslich lenkt Eales (On affinities of Thatcheria, 1938), hauptsächlich aus anatomischen Gründen, die Aufmerksamkeit darauf, dass diese Gattung wohl den Turridae (= Pleurotomidae) angehören wird.

Description: L’histoire géologique de Monferrato est marquée par une série de transgressions et de régressions de la mer, qui se manifestent généralement d’une manière très distincte dans la partie orientale de ces collines. Nous avons résumé cette histoire schématiquement dans la fig. 3 1). Dans les règles qui suivent nous décrirons à grands traits le développement de la partie orientale du bassin de Monferrato à partir du Jurassique jusqu’à la fin du Pliocène. Pendant le Jurassique et le Crétacé un grand bassin assez profond (mais certainement pas abyssal) s’étendait des Alpes occidentales (schistes lustrés) jusqu’au SE de Bologna. Ce bassin était entouré de terre ayant peu ou point de relief, de sorte qu’il y avait peu de transport de matériaux terrigènes. Des dépôts argileux se formaient. A la fin du Crétacé une grande régression s’est manifesté (déposition de conglomérats dans les collines occidentales, voir Beets p. 224). Après cette régression le bassin de Monferrato était peu profond et plus ou moins barré. Des argiles bitumineuses et des calcaires marneux se déposaient. Au commencement de l’Eocène supérieur la régression s’est poursuivie: il s’est formé un sédiment de marnes friables alternant avec des couches sableuses, parfois même caillouteuses. A la fin de l’Eocène un plissement s’est manifesté. Les „noyaux” éocènes de Casale et de Brusaschetto se sont formés. L’Oligocène a commencé par une transgression, pendant laquelle il y avait des côtes ou bien des hauts-fonds dans le sud et dans le NE de la région. La quantité de matériel caillouteux amené par les rivières des régions récemment soulevées (Alpes occidentales, Apennins septentrionaux) était grande et a donné naissance aux zones conglomératiques. A la fin du Rupélien le relief des régions soulevées avait beaucoup diminué, de sorte qu’il y avait peu de transport pendant le Chattien („Oligocène supérieur” de Beets). Le bassin chattien était d’ailleurs beaucoup moins étendu que le bassin tongrien-rupélien. Pendant l’Aquitanien la zone côtière (ou le haut-fond) dans le nord du bassin a subsisté, tandis que la ligne des côtes méridionale s’est déplacé plus au nord que pendant le Tongrien-Rupélien. Le matériel transporté était plus gros et plus abondant que pendant le Chattien, de sorte qu’il faut admettre un léger soulèvement des régions entourantes au commencement de l’Aquitanien. Pendant le Langhien le relief de ces régions avait diminué de nouveau. La quantité de matériel transporté dans le bassin était donc assez réduite. Il y avait des circonstances favorables à la formation de dépôts calcaires. La mer s’était retirée plus vers l’ouest, de sorte que toute la partie orientale des collines de Moncalvo-Casale n’était plus submergée. Après le Langhien la grande transgression helvétienne a commencé; le matériel transporté dans le bassin est devenu plus abondant et plus gros. La paléogéographie du bassin s’est changée un peu: à l’ouest de Moncalvo la ligne des côtes (dans ce cas: ligne de profondeur égale) ne s’étendait plus en direction ouest. Pendant le Tortonien et le Messinien les mouvements orogéniques, presque continus pendant tout le Tertiaire, se sont manifestés dans un plissement plus marqué, qui a produit un renversement de relief. Pendant le Messinien la régression, qui avait commencé dès la fin de l’Helvétien a atteint son extension maximale. Des lentilles de gypse se sont formées, les coquilles de formes saumâtres prévalent. Enfin la grande transgression pliocène a submergé le bassin de Monferrato pour la dernière fois. Un faible plissement, suivi par le soulèvement définitif de la région entière au-dessus du niveau de la mer termine l’histoire tertiaire du bassin de Piémonte.

Description: In the following pages data will be given about the size of the megalospheric embryonic apparatus, and of the size of the shell, of some Foraminifera. By comparing these data for a certain species from different samples, the relative ages of which are known, it will be possible, to get an insight into the alterations of the measured characters in geological times. For that purpose samples from geological sections, or otherwise well defined geological formations, were used. A description of each of these sections will be given, in order to discuss the reliability of the determinations of the relative ages of the samples. I may point out here, that as the layers containing the foraminiferal shells have a certain thickness, and as the sampling has been done over the whole width of the outcropping layer, or over part of it, we may be certain, that the deposition of these shells, must have taken “many years”. In my opinion this may be an advantage, as the possible annual or short-periode influence of the environment on the phaenotype may thus have been eliminated.

Description: Part III of this monograph (by Dr. F. A. Schilder) was published in volume 12 of this Journal, pp. 171—194, 1941. The fourth part deals with the families which can be summarised as Tonnacea (= Doliacea Thiele). They contain 31 species, two of which are new to science. The manuscript was already completed in the summer of 1940, but there was no earlier occasion for publication.

Description: In 1933 and 1935 K. Martin described a new fauna of tertiary Mollusca from asphalt deposits of Buton 1). The collection, consisting of 35 species, shows very characteristic forms, but not a single species is known from recent, pliocene, miocene or eocene deposits. There are some affinities to miocene and recent types and as the fauna is doubtless younger than Mesozoic, Martin had good reasons to consider the fauna younger than the eocene Nanggulan beds of Java but older than the oldest known miocène fauna of the East-Indies (West-Progo beds of Java). He ascribed the Buton fossils to the Upper-Oligocene. According to Hetzel 2), however, the localities of the fossils are situated amidst the so called Sampolakosa-beds of upper-miocene or pliocene age. He tried to give an explanation of the remarkable molluscs of Buton by suggesting that the facies of the deposits might be different from any Mollusca bearing strata hitherto known in the East Indies.

Description: The authors who have studied the Rhizocephala have a quite different opinion as to the limits of the species, especially those of the genus Sacculina. On the one side KOSSMANN (1874) and GIARD (1887, 1888) are convinced that every specimen of Sacculina found on a certain crab has to be separated specifically from those living on another host. On the other hand SMITH (1906) unites all the described species of Sacculina into one widely distributed species which has to keep the name Sacculina carcini. A better way in separating the forms of Sacculina into different species is without doubt the one avoiding both the extremes of the above-cited authors, as explained by GU\xc3\x89RINGANIVET (1911). Only in the cases where morphological structures of specific value are found the forms are to be regarded as different species. A more detailed account of the questions dealing with the difficulties of the species-problem in Sacculina will be published in the monograph on the Rhizocephala of the Siboga Expedition, now in preparation by Professor VAN KAMPEN and the present author. Here only may be pointed to some particularities found in the material dealt with in this paper.\nThe material collected by Dr. VAN DER HORST at Cura\xc3\xa7ao contains four specimens of Rhizocephalid parasites. Three of these belong to the genus Sacculina, the fourth is a representative of the genus Lernaeodiscus. All of these differ from the hitherto known species of the two genera and are therefore described as new species in this paper. Though the material is comparatively small it is of great interest since the three species of Sacculina have a quite different structure. In this paper the structure of the external cuticle is used as a base in the diagnosis of the species. Many species of Sacculina, especially those from tropical regions, possess appendages on this chitinous cuticle, which have in a certain specimen a well-defined form. The size of the appendages may be different in the various regions of the mantle (e. g. those in the neighbourhood of the stalk may be of smaller size than those next to the mantle-opening), but within certain limits the form of these appendages is constant. Already KOSSMANN (1874) made use of the appendages of the external cuticle in the diagnosis of his species, but most authors have not employed this method. Some years ago VAN KAMPEN (1919), however, pointed out that the principles of KOSSMANN\xe2\x80\x99s method could give good results in the taxonomy of this group.

Description: Das Material dieser Untersuchung lieferten die 1920 von Dr. C. J. VAN DER HORST auf Cura\xc3\xa7ao gesammelten Opisthobranchiaten. Hier wird nur die einzige vom ihm gefundene Aeolidiade: Phidiana brevicauda nov. spec. besprochen.\nDr. TH. MORTENSEN stellte mir eine Sammlung Opisthobranchien aus dem zoologischen Museum in Kopenhagen zur Verf\xc3\xbcgung, welche auch dem westindischen Meere entstammten. Darunter befand sich auch nur eine Aeolidiade: Berghia coerulescens Laur.

Description: About ten years ago Dr. J. H. VERNHOUT, at that time curator at the National Museum of Natural History at Leiden, gave a commentary on the present state of our knowledge about the \xe2\x80\x9cLand- & Freshwater-Molluscs of the Dutch West-Indian Islands\xe2\x80\x9d (Notes Leyden Museum, Vol. XXXVI, pag. 177\xe2\x80\x94189, 1914).\nAfter summarising carefully the different species of every island in particular, he composed a survey in table-form representing their geographical distribution on other Antilles and on the continent.

Description: In seiner letzten sch\xc3\xb6nen Arbeit (1923), welche in so vielen Hinsichten zu gleichen Resultaten kommt wie die unsrige \xc3\xbcber die Siboga-Epicariden, tritt CHOPRA mit uns in Diskussion \xc3\xbcber einige Punkte, welche wir hier kurz besprechen wollen. Erstens schl\xc3\xa4gt er vor, die von uns \xe2\x80\x9eCoxalplatten\xe2\x80\x9d genannten Bildungen \xe2\x80\x9eanterior lateral plates\xe2\x80\x9d zu nennen, obschon er, weil er unsere Arbeit w\xc3\xa4hrend der Bearbeitung seines Materials noch nicht kannte, f\xc3\xbcr diese \xc3\xbcberall die Worte \xe2\x80\x9ePleura\xe2\x80\x9d und \xe2\x80\x9eEpimera\xe2\x80\x9d benutzt hat, und zwar einfach deshalb, weil diese Worte von andern Forschern am meisten angewandt werden. Wie wir indessen versuchten deutlich auseinanderzusetzen, ist dies nicht erlaubt, denn Pleura und Epimera sind nicht ohne weiteres identisch. Und weil man \xc3\xbcberhaupt nicht wissen kann, welchen morphologischen Wert man den von uns genannten \xe2\x80\x9ehinteren Seitenteilen\xe2\x80\x9d zuschreiben darf, sodass diese nur als topographische Begriffe aufgefasst werden m\xc3\xbcssen, so kann man schwerlich von \xe2\x80\x9evorderen\xe2\x80\x9d und \xe2\x80\x9ehinteren Seitenteilen\xe2\x80\x9d sprechen, wie CHOPRA es tut. Mit dem Begriffe \xe2\x80\x9eCoxalplatten\xe2\x80\x9d aber steht es anders; dass man dieses Wort anwenden darf, ist von uns mehrfach begr\xc3\xbcndet worden.\nEin zweiter Punkt in CHOPRA\xe2\x80\x99s Arbeit ist dieser. Wir haben immer von acht Thoracomeren gesprochen, weil es faktisch diese Zahl gibt. Dass das erste Thoracomer mit dem Cephalon verschmolzen ist, \xc3\xa4ndert diese Sache nat\xc3\xbcrlich in keiner Hinsicht. Dennoch zieht CHOPRA es vor, immer von 7 Thoracomeren zu sprechen, d. h. das erste freie Thoracomer (morphologisch das zweite) nennt er erstes Thoracomer, und zwar nur deshalb, weil alle Forscher dies bis jetzt getan haben. Uns scheint, dass man dem richtigen morphologischen Weg folgen muss, nicht dem unrichtigen, am meisten benutzten Weg. CHOPRA\xe2\x80\x99s Furcht, dass dies zu Verwirrung Anleitung geben k\xc3\xb6nnte, teilen wir keineswegs.

Description: Die von Dr. C. J. VAN DER HORST in Amsterdam im Jahre 1920 von seiner Reise nach Cura\xc3\xa7ao heimgebrachten Gephyreen lieferten das Material f\xc3\xbcr diese Untersuchungen. Nur einige wenige Arbeiten handeln \xc3\xbcber Westindische Gephyreen, unter denen ich in erster Reihe die Arbeit FISCHER\xe2\x80\x99s \xc3\xbcber das von Prof. K\xc3\x9cKENTHAL und Prof. HARTMEYER gesammelte Material hervorheben will. Diese Sammlung enthielt 10 Sipunculiden und 2 Echiuriden, darunter vier neue Arten. Es fanden sich: Siphonosoma occidentale Spengel, Physcosoma antillarum Grube, Ph. dentigerum Selenka und de Man, Ph. nigrescens Keferstein, Ph. pectinatum Keferstein, Ph. varians Keferstein, Aspidosiphon speciosus Gerould, A. spinoso-scutatus Fischer, A. steenstrupi Diesing, Lithacrosiphon k\xc3\xbckenthali Fischer, Thalassema baroni GREEFF und Bonellia thomensis Fischer. In einer anderen Arbeit \xc3\xbcber die Sammlung des Reichsmuseums zu Stockholm, meldet FISCHER noch folgende Arten aus dem betreffenden Gebiet: von C. BOVALLIUS, Physcosoma scolops Selenka und de Man gesammelt Phascolosoma pellucidum Keferstein, Dendrostoma alutaceum Grube, Aspidosiphon m\xc3\xbclleri Diesing und Lithacrosiphon odhneri Fischer, alle gesammelt von A. v. GO\xc3\x8bS.\nUnter den von Dr. VAN DER HORST gesammelten Gephyre\xc3\xabn waren 20 Arten, 18 Sipunculiden und 2 Echiuriden, darunter 11 neue Arten.

Description: This collection of Nemerteans is the largest one, known from these regions. It contains only littoral species, most of them being entirely new to science. Only one species is known from other tropical regions, all others seem to be characteristic of the westindian coasts. They are: Ordo HOPLONEMERTINI: Polyschista cura\xc3\xa7aoensis n. g. n. sp. Ordo PALAEONEMERTINI: Carinoma cara\xc3\xafbica n. sp. Ordo HETERONEMERTINI: Baseodiscus curtus (Hubr.). \xe2\x80\x9e unicolor n. sp. Micrura leucopsis Coe. \xe2\x80\x9e vanderhorsti n. sp. \xe2\x80\x9e cura\xc3\xa7aoensis n. sp. ?Cerebratulus ater (Girard). Diplopleura cura\xc3\xa7aoensis n. sp. and two Lineidae, that are incomplete and too much damaged to be identified at all.

Description: In 1938, Verdam published an account of the then-known Charophyta of the Netherlands in the English language (cf. this journal, vol. 3), and one year later (1939) another in our own language in \xe2\x80\x9cNederlandsch Kruidkundig Archief\xe2\x80\x9d. In both papers reference was made to only five Netherlands\xe2\x80\x99 publications on the same subject, the oldest of which is dating from 1846. In studying i.a. the history of the Malaysian Charophyta (Zaneveld, 1940) I found that much more was published on the Charophyta of our Low Countries. As will be seen below, it became evident that the first printed record of a Netherlands\xe2\x80\x99 Charophyte dates as far back as 1636. It seems worth while to publish these notes on the history of the identification of our Charophyta as, moreover, a number of additional facts have become known.\nThe data of the present review have been taken from the following sources (chronologically arranged): 1. herbals ; 2. catalogues of Botanic Gardens; 3. local floras; 4. general floras and taxonomic textbooks; 5. monographs.

Description: The Talaud Islands are forming part of the Malay Archipelago, being situated north of Celebes and the Moluccas, south of Mindanao and east of the Sangihe group, between 3\xc2\xb045\xe2\x80\x99 and 5\xc2\xb035\xe2\x80\x99 N. lat. and 126\xc2\xb032\xe2\x80\x99 and 127\xc2\xb010\xe2\x80\x99 E. long.\nThe main group consists of three larger islands, viz. Karakelong, Salebaboe and Kaboeroeang. The Nenoesa islands, a group formed by the small islands of Garete, Karaton, Merampi, Mengkopoe, Intata, Kakelotan and Maroh are situated northeast of the main group, including also Miangas (Palmas), an islet about 65 miles north of Karakelong, near Mindanao.

Description: Several years ago the Director of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, was kind enough to lend me the Sapotaceous material from the Pacific region preserved in its Herbarium. It has been enumerated underneath together with additional material from other herbaria. These have been quoted by means of the following abbreviations, which are taken from Lanjouw\xe2\x80\x99s list, published in Chronica Botanica V, 1932, 142. A. = Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Jamaica Plain (Mass.), U.S.A. B. = Botanisches Museum, Berlin-Dahlem. Bish. = Bernice P. Bish. Museum, Honolulu, Hawaiian Isl. and some specimens from the private herbarium of Mr O. Degener. Bz. = Herbarium, Gov. Botanic Gardens, Buitenzorg, Java. Cal. = California Botanical Gardens, San Francisco. G. = Institut de Botanique syst\xc3\xa9matique de l\xe2\x80\x99Universit\xc3\xa9 de Gen\xc3\xa8ve. GB. = Botanical Garden, G\xc3\xb6teborg. GH. = Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, Cambridge (Mass.), U.S.A. K. = Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. L. = Rijksherbarium, Leiden. NY. = New York Botanical Garden, New York. O. = Universitetets Botaniske Museum, Oslo. P. = Mus\xc3\xa9um National d\xe2\x80\x99Histoire Naturelle, Lab. de Phan\xc3\xa9rogamie, Paris. PRC. = Botanical Institute, Charles University, Praha.\nBesides, a number of the specimens quoted are probably represented in other, particularly American herbaria, of which no data were available. I wish to tender my sincere thanks to the directors of the institutions mentioned for their kind assistance.

Description: Though an excellent, critical monograph of the genus Cassipourea was published some years ago by ALSTON (in Kew Bulletin, 1925, p. 241\xe2\x80\x94276), I should like to make a few remarks on the South-American species of this genus as my revision for PULLE\xe2\x80\x99s Flora of Suriname III.2 has brought to light a few new facts. It will also give me an opportunity to refer to a publication of BRIQUET on some American representatives of this genus (in Candollea IV, 1931, p. 342\xe2\x80\x94350), which disagrees with regard to a number of species with ALSTON\xe2\x80\x99s interpretations.\nThe species which covers the largest area is the chiefly West-Indian C. elliptica (Sw.) Poir. Formerly also a number of West- Brazilian and Peruvian specimens were referred to it, but ALSTON pointed out that these plants belonged to another species for which he introduced the name C. peruviana. A new West-Indian species, based on Broadway nr. 3841 and 4631, both from Tobago, was described by BRIQUET under the name C. Broadwayi. This species is, in my opinion, conspecific with C. elliptica. BRIQUET amply discussed the differences with C. latifolia Alston from Trinidad, but does not mention its relationship to C. elliptica. , though, in view of the latter\xe2\x80\x99s area of distribution, this would have been more to the point. That ALSTON had already referred Broadway nr. 3841 to C. elliptica was apparently overlooked by BRIQUET. In opposition to BRIQUET I agree with ALSTON that no value should be set on the varieties of C. elliptica described by GRISEBACH (Fl. Br. W. Ind. Isl., I860, p. 274).

Description: Dans les flores de MIQUEL, de BOERLAGE, de KOORDERS, dans \xe2\x80\x9eNaturliche Pflanzenfamilien\xe2\x80\x9d de ENGLER et PRANTL, comme dans \xe2\x80\x9eGenera Plantarum\xe2\x80\x9d de BENTHAM et HOOKER et dans \xe2\x80\x9el\xe2\x80\x99Index Kewensis\xe2\x80\x9d, partout, on trouve le nom de Schoutenia (avec le nom de l\xe2\x80\x99esp\xc3\xa8ce ovata) et comme synonyme Actinophora (fragrans).\nCes derni\xc3\xa8res ann\xc3\xa9es la station d\xe2\x80\x99essai de sylviculture dans l\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xaele de Java au contraire a pos\xc3\xa9 en avant le nom d\xe2\x80\x99 Actinophora avec le nom de l\xe2\x80\x99esp\xc3\xa8ce, qui s\xe2\x80\x99y rapporte, fragrans. En g\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9ral il me semble pr\xc3\xa9f\xc3\xa9rable de ne pas changer sans n\xc3\xa9cessit\xc3\xa9 les noms g\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9ralement usit\xc3\xa9s, surtout pas dans les sciences appliqu\xc3\xa9es et dans la vie pratique. Pour le cas qu\xe2\x80\x99il y ait des raisons graves pour remplacer un nom par un autre, la branche de la science pure qui s\xe2\x80\x99est occup\xc3\xa9e de ce probl\xc3\xa8me aura soin le plus souvent de publier le changement de nom; si cela ne se fait pas, il serait \xc3\xa0 souhaiter que quiconque trouve le changement d\xc3\xa9sirable (homme des sciences appliqu\xc3\xa9es ou de la vie pratique) en consulte d\xe2\x80\x99abord la science pure.

Description: Ephedra Gerardiana Wall. A num. list of dried spec. no. 6048. \xe2\x80\x94 ROYLE, III. Bot. Him. p. 40, 348! [1839]. \xe2\x80\x94 O. STAPF, Die Arten der Gattung Ephedra in Denkschr. der Kais. Akad. d. Wiss. Bd. 56 [1889] p. 75! Foot of the Lashiglacier, 5090 M., 27 July 1922 (coll. VISSERHOOFT, no. 35).

Description: The kindness of Dr. GOETHART has enabled me to investigate all the Myxomycetes (Myxogasteres, Mycetozoa) which are kept in the Rijks-Herbarium at Leyden.\nAmong the older collections I found those of PERSOON, V. HALL, HANKARL, BUSE, JUNGHUHN, WAGNER. Only a little part of these collections remains, owing to the way, in which the above-mentioned collectors used to conserve their materials.

Description: Lorsque, il y a une ann\xc3\xa9e \xc3\xa0 peu pr\xc3\xa8s, ma collaboratrice Mlle Jos\xc3\xa9phine Koster vint me trouver en sugg\xc3\xa9rant l\xe2\x80\x99id\xc3\xa9e d\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9diter un volume d\xc3\xa9di\xc3\xa9 au jubil\xc3\xa9 de votre quatre-vingt-dixi\xc3\xa8me anniversaire, j\xe2\x80\x99acceptai sans h\xc3\xa9sitation. Cette id\xc3\xa9e m\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tait en effet d\xe2\x80\x99autant plus sympathique que j\xe2\x80\x99avais cherch\xc3\xa9 depuis longtemps une occasion pour vous exprimer en public notre admiration tant pour votre personne que pour votre oeuvre.\nSi nous ne nous \xc3\xa9tions pas trouv\xc3\xa9s dans un temps o\xc3\xb9 les contacts internationaux sont interrompus, si pr\xc3\xa9cieux et si indispensables pour nous autres, travailleurs scientifiques, il aurait \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 certainement possible d\xe2\x80\x99organiser une collaboration de plusieurs pays d\xe2\x80\x99outre mer. Car nous savons que vos nombreux amis auraient \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 heureux de pouvoir contribuer \xc3\xa0 cet humble t\xc3\xa9moignage de notre amiti\xc3\xa9 et de notre v\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9ration. Ils sont nombreux en effet, vos amis, et parmi eux se trouvent les coryf\xc3\xa9es de votre science, l\xe2\x80\x99algologie. H\xc3\xa9las cette grande guerre, qui s\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tend sur tout notre monde et qui a temporairement rompu tant de liens, nous a forc\xc3\xa9 de limiter nos invitations \xc3\xa0 quelques repr\xc3\xa9sentants de votre science, vivant dans notre petit continent. Ils se sont d\xc3\xa9clar\xc3\xa9s heureux de pouvoir offrir des articles en votre honneur, articles que vous trouverez publi\xc3\xa9s dans ce petit volume, suppl\xc3\xa9ment de notre journal \xe2\x80\x9cBlumea\xe2\x80\x9d.

Description: In the winter and early spring of 1916 Mrs. Anna Weber-van Bosse at her hospitable residence near Eerbeek initiated me in the study of Freshwater Algae.\nFor several years after that date in numerous trips all over this country I collected and studied some thousands of samples from all kinds of freshwater ponds and lakes, canals and streams. The Desmids soon drew my special attention, when an unexpectedly rich and varied Desmid flora was found in certain fens and ponds in the diluvial and moor districts of our country.

Description: L\'\xc3\xa9diteur de ce journal vient de recevoir de Mme Ruge, n\xc3\xa9e Baenziger, une des plus anciennes amies de Mme Weber, la lettre suivante, qu\xe2\x80\x99il est heureux de pouvoir faire imprimer ci-dessous: Ma ch\xc3\xa8re Anna, Quatre-vingt-dix ans! Voil\xc3\xa0 pour la premi\xc3\xa8re fois dans notre amiti\xc3\xa9 de longues ann\xc3\xa9es que je constate une indiscr\xc3\xa9tion de votre part; vous \xc3\xa0 qui l\xe2\x80\x99on pouvait \xc3\xa0 bon droit reprocher un exc\xc3\xa8s de discr\xc3\xa9tion tant sur le domaine de la pens\xc3\xa9e que sur celui de l\xe2\x80\x99action. Et cependant, ces quatrevingt-dix ans vous ont \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 impos\xc3\xa9s par les puissances au dessus de nous. Certes, les ann\xc3\xa9es \xc3\xa9coul\xc3\xa9es depuis la mort de votre mari vous ont plac\xc3\xa9 devant line bien lourde t\xc3\xa2che, mais d\xe2\x80\x99autant plus lumineuse me semble votre vie avant ce douloureux \xc3\xa9v\xc3\xa9nement. Que de multiples richesses, que de souvenirs pr\xc3\xa9cieux \xc3\xa0 des \xc3\xa9v\xc3\xa9nements, auxquels j\xe2\x80\x99ai pu prendre part. Au moment que je fis votre connaissance je me rappelle votre enthousiasme de pouvoir suivre des cours \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99universit\xc3\xa9; vous et deux autres dames \xc3\xa9tudiantes parmi les premi\xc3\xa8res admises \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99universit\xc3\xa9. En pens\xc3\xa9es, je vous revois rentrant avec le professeur Weber d\xe2\x80\x99un voyage aux Indes, votre sympathie pour les aborig\xc3\xa8nes de l\xe2\x80\x99Insulinde, vos histoires savoureuses d\xe2\x80\x99une r\xc3\xa9ception par un prince indig\xc3\xa8ne et de ses filles, votre haut estime pour un pr\xc3\xaatre, le R\xc3\xa9v. P\xc3\xa8re le Cocq d\xe2\x80\x99Armandville et pour son travail dans l\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xaele de Flores. Tout cela valait certes les r\xc3\xa9cits habituels de voyage imprim\xc3\xa9s, souvent si longs et fastidieux. Comme je me rappelle la soir\xc3\xa9e, quand vous me racontiez de votre s\xc3\xa9jour dans l\xe2\x80\x99extr\xc3\xaame Nord \xc3\xa0 Troms\xc3\xb4, de votre course dans un petit bateau \xc3\xa0 partir de Vard\xc3\xb4, pilot\xc3\xa9 par un couple lappon \xc3\xa0 travers les rapides d\xe2\x80\x99une rivi\xc3\xa8re qui, aboutissant dans un fjord, devait vous conduire au d\xc3\xa9barcad\xc3\xa8re du vapeur, qui \xc3\xa9tait sur le point de lever l\xe2\x80\x99ancre pour le dernier d\xc3\xa9part de la saison vers le Sud. Encore maintenant je ressens votre tension: arrivons nous \xc3\xa0 temps, oui o\xc3\xb9 non! Les provisions de voyage \xc3\xa9taient \xc3\xa9puis\xc3\xa9es, la vraie faim se faisait sentir, heureusement qu\xe2\x80\x99au petit restaurant du port on faisait bouillir le saumon, la seule nourriture de l\xe2\x80\x99endroit, mais voil\xc3\xa0 la sir\xc3\xa8ne du vapeur, qui appelle d\xe2\x80\x99urgence les voyageurs et emp\xc3\xaache de go\xc3\xbbter au saumon. Plus calmement et plus selon mon go\xc3\xbbt s\xe2\x80\x99effectua l\xe2\x80\x99excursion \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xaele de Vlieland, que les deux couples d\xe2\x80\x99amis entreprirent pendant un cong\xc3\xa9 de la Pentec\xc3\xb4te. Un char \xc3\xa0 bancs nous d\xc3\xa9posa \xc3\xa0 De Cocksdorp, le bateau-poste nous conduisit de Texel \xc3\xa0 Vlieland; en somme un voyage sans \xc3\xa9motions et qui pourtant amena le conducteur de la chariole \xc3\xa0 nous demander s\xe2\x80\x99il s\xe2\x80\x99agissait pour nous autres vraiment d\xe2\x80\x99une partie de plaisir.

Description: In einem j\xc3\xbcngst erschienenen Aufsatz schreibt Du Rietz (1941 S. 6): \xe2\x80\x9dPylaiella rupincola (Aresch.) Kylin ist mit Conferva litoralis L. identisch. Kein Grund liegt vor anzunehman\xe2\x80\x98, dass Linn\xc3\xa9 die auf Ascophyllum an der schwedischen Westk\xc3\xbcste wachsende Pylaiella litoralis sensu Kylin gekannt und in seine Conferva litoralis miteinbezogen hat. Der Name Pylaiella litoralis (L.) Kjellm. muss deshalb f\xc3\xbcr P. rupincola (Aresch.) Kylin beibehalten werden. F\xc3\xbcr P. litoralis sensu Kylin schl\xc3\xa4gt Verf. den neuen Namen Pylaiella Kylinii vor.\xe2\x80\x9c Bei meinen Untersuchungen \xc3\xbcber Pylaiella litoralis (1933 und 1937) war ich zu der Auffassung gekommen, dass diese Art in sich zwei verschiedene Arten enthielt. F\xc3\xbcr die eine behielt ich den Namen P. litoralis (L.) Kjellm., die andere nannte ich P. rupincola (Aresch.) Kylin 1937 S. 5, und dies zwar aus historischen Gr\xc3\xbcnden. In der Literatur hatte man n\xc3\xa4mlich die im allgemeinen auf den gr\xc3\xb6beren Fucaceen epiphytisch wachsende Pylaiella als die Hauptform betrachtet, die im allgemeinen auf Felsen wachsende rupincola dagegen als eine Nebenform. Und um nun die Nomenklatur, in der Weise wie sie sich historisch entwickelt hatte, so wenig als irgend m\xc3\xb6glich zu ver\xc3\xa4ndern, bezeichnete ich die Hauptform als P. litoralis (L.) Kjellm., die Nebenform dagegen als B. rupincola (Aresch.). Kylin. Du Rietz behauptet jetzt, dass ich die Nomenklaturgesetzte \xc3\xbcbertreten habe. Ehe ich indessen diese Frage des n\xc3\xa4heren auseinandersetze, werde ich P. litoralis und P. rupincola kurz besprechen.

Description: Les Chlorophyc\xc3\xa9es du golfe de Gascogne sont encore peu connues. Elles n\xe2\x80\x99ont fait l\xe2\x80\x99objet que d\xe2\x80\x99une courte \xc3\xa9num\xc3\xa9ration de C. Sauvageau dans son travail \xe2\x80\x9dsur les Algues marines du golfe de Gascogne\xe2\x80\x9c. J\xe2\x80\x99ai repris cette \xc3\xa9tude au cours d\xe2\x80\x99un s\xc3\xa9jour \xc3\xa0 Saint-Jean-de-Luz et \xc3\xa0 Biarritz, pendant le printemps de 1940. J\xe2\x80\x99ai r\xc3\xa9colt\xc3\xa9 les esp\xc3\xa8ces suivantes: 1. Prasiola stipitata Suhr \xe2\x80\x94 Se rencontre dans le port de Saint-Jean-de-Luz au niveau de l\xe2\x80\x99 E. marginata. Il est de petite taille, ne d\xc3\xa9passant gu\xc3\xa8re 1 cm de hauteur. Il se pr\xc3\xa9sente parfois sous la forme ordinaire, \xc3\xa9largie en lame au-dessus d\xe2\x80\x99un stipe uniforme; mais, plus souvent, il forme une simple languette, \xc3\xa9troite et contourn\xc3\xa9e, \xc3\xa0 aspect d\xe2\x80\x99 Ent\xc3\xa9romorphe et rappelle alors le Prasiola calophylla.

Description: The genus Galaxaura can in several respects be classed among the most remarkable Florideae. It is not only \xe2\x80\x94 with Chantransia \xe2\x80\x94 the genus richest in forms of all the genera belonging to the order of Nemalionales, which has more than 70 described species, it also offers, both in its interior and its exterior organization, such a high differentiation, and a tissue specialization going so far, that, as the monographer of the genus, the late Professor F.R. Kjellman (1900), said: \xe2\x80\x9dit may be difficult even in the great province of the Florideae to find forms with a higher or even as high a division of labour in the tissues of the shoot...\xe2\x80\x9c.\nEven if the number of species may actually diminish with further investigations, this is in a way connected with a peculiarity of organization, characteristic of the genus Galaxaura, namely that the sexual plant of a species has quite another anatomical structure of the cortical tissue than does the tetrasporic plant. This remarkable discovery was made by Howe (1917, 1918), who had had the opportunity of studying some species of Galaxaura in the West Indies, in their natural localities. This fact was not known of any Floridea at the time Kjellman wrote his monograph on this genus in 1900. Moreover, Kjellman had a quite different conception of the position of the tetraspores during the course of development of the Florideae than the one we have nowadays formed from the results of the cytological research. To Kjellman the tetraspores or, as he called them, the \xe2\x80\x9dtetragonidia\xe2\x80\x9c, were a kind of propagation organ with the character of \xe2\x80\x9dNebenfruktifikation\xe2\x80\x9c, and thus not, as we must now regard them, the reproduction bodies of the diploid generation ending the diplophase in the alternation of generations. Thus, when Kjellman in his herbarial studies found forms of Galaxaura with otherwise similar organization but with quite a different cortical anatomy, it was quite natural that he described them as new species. One of the tasks of future taxonomical research will therefore be to combine such \xe2\x80\x9dspecies\xe2\x80\x9c of Kjellman as, in reality, are only the sexual and the tetrasporic generation of one and the same species. Naturally, this problem can only be solved by a botanist who has the opportunity of studying the development of the Galaxaurae in their native localities. Finally, only cultures will be really decisive. However, the number of species of Galaxaura will certainly be reduced.

Description: En examinant en 1939 dans une note pr\xc3\xa9sent\xc3\xa9e \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99Acad\xc3\xa9mie des Sciences de Belgique une \xc3\xa9tude de M. Ronse, nous avons \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 amen\xc3\xa9 \xc3\xa0 reprendre des consid\xc3\xa9rations sur les mucilages des v\xc3\xa9g\xc3\xa9taux et en particulier sur ceux des algues (22; 31).\nD\xc3\xa9j\xc3\xa0 en 1891, dans nos \xe2\x80\x9dObservations algologiques\xe2\x80\x9c nous avons examin\xc3\xa9 la nature et la structure des parois cellulaires de certaines algues et fait remarquer que la gaine mucilagineuse de Conjugu\xc3\xa9es, \xc3\xa9tudi\xc3\xa9e par divers auteurs \xc3\xa9tait loin de pr\xc3\xa9senter sur toute la surface d\xe2\x80\x99un filament la m\xc3\xaame \xc3\xa9paisseur. Des Spirogyra, par exemple, suivant des parties du filament, montraient une gaine nette et \xc3\xa9paisse, ou \xc3\xa0 peine indiqu\xc3\xa9e.

Description: Anne Antoinette van Bosse, fille de M. Jacob van Bosse et de Mme Jaqueline Jeanne n\xc3\xa9e Reynvaan, naquit \xc3\xa0 Amsterdam le 27 mars 1852. Tr\xc3\xa8s jeune encore elle perdit sa m\xc3\xa8re; sa soeur, son ain\xc3\xa9e de 10 ans, prit sa place aussi bien qu\xe2\x80\x99elle put. Outre cette soeur elle avait trois fr\xc3\xa8res.\nSelon l\xe2\x80\x99usage de cette \xc3\xa9poque les familles ais\xc3\xa9es n\xe2\x80\x99envoyaient pas leurs filles \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9cole, ainsi Anna van Bosse re\xc3\xa7ut \xc3\xa0 la maison son instruction par une institutrice de nationalit\xc3\xa9 suisse. La botanique et la zoologie furent d\xe2\x80\x99embl\xc3\xa9e ses branches pr\xc3\xa9f\xc3\xa9r\xc3\xa9es; les fr\xc3\xa9quentes visites au jardin zoologique \xe2\x80\x9dArtis\xe2\x80\x9c y contribu\xc3\xa8rent pour une grande part. l\xe2\x80\x99Observation des animaux exotiques lui procurait un grand plaisir et jusqu\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa0 pr\xc3\xa9sent elle porte un grand int\xc3\xaaret \xc3\xa0 \xe2\x80\x9dArtis\xe2\x80\x9c.

Description: An attempt has been made to subdivide a very polymorphous plant species by means of a quantitative statistical method. This method has been based upon the following working hypothesis: 1\xc2\xb0 as some morphological characters of the material, concerning e. g. the shape of the leaves, the length of the pedicels etc., show an extremely great variation, each of these characters in every specimen at hand may be stated to be in one of three (one intermediate and two extreme) conditions; 2\xc2\xb0 if a character happens to be in an intermediate condition in a relatively great number of specimens the difference between the extreme conditions of that character may be considered insignificant from a taxonomical point of view; 3\xc2\xb0 the fewer characters of two or more specimens are differing significantly (in the way mentioned), the more reason there is to consider those specimens to belong together; and, on the contrary, the more numerous the significant differences are, the more reason there is to distribute the specimens to two (or more) different groups. On the basis of this working hypothesis the material at hand, consisting of 143 specimens (all considered to belong to the Sapotaceous Planchonella sandwicensis, which was discussed in a paper by Lam), could be subdivided into two different groups. Five characters were chosen, each allowing to state one intermediate and two opposite extreme conditions. Of these the shape of the leaf proved to be a most important criterion for a subdivision. After this had been stated, a purely quantitative check was made which largely endorsed the result.

Description: Of the family Oenotheraceae the genus Jussieua is the only one occurring in Suriname. The peculiar Oocarpon torulosum (Arn.) Urb., which has been recorded from Amazonian Peru, Brazil, British and French Guiana, Cuba and Santo Domingo, has up till now not been collected in the colony, but on account of its presence in the neighbouring countries it is there also to be expected.\nAs for the name of the only Suriname genus, it was spelled by LINNAEUS in Genera Plantarum, ed. I (1737), p. 126, Jussieua but afterwards in his Flora Zeylanica (1747), p. 75, changed in Jussiaea.

Description: In 1941 and 1942 I studied the rather extensive collection of Erotylidae in the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, the results of this study are given in the following pages. The collection is chiefly composed of material which during a long series of years gradually was acquired by the Museum, though a great deal formerly was a part of private collections which later as a whole became the property of the Museum and then the specimens were incorporated into the general collection. The most important of these private collections is that of Dr. H. J. Veth, other important collections are those of Dr. D. MacGillavry, and of Mr. J. J. de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel, the latter collection recently presented to the Museum. Moreover the Museum possesses certain collections which have to remain as separate units besides the general collections. Erotylidae are contained in some of these, viz., that of Jhr. Dr. E. J. G. Everts (the standard collection of Netherlands Coleoptera), that of Mr. A. E. Kerkhoven, and that of Mr. A. J. F. Fokker van Crayesteyn van Rengerskerke.\nUnder each species the material of these collections is mentioned after that of the general collection of the museum.\nSeveral specimens proved to be representatives of new species or new varieties, these are described in the following pages. Among these there are a number which were labelled by P. Kuhnt with a new name, which apparently never was published. I have named these species with the museum names already given to them by Kuhnt, as also in other collections these names may be already present.\nBehind the name of each species the measurements are given in mm, these measurements (length, and in several cases also the maximum

Description: Stat. 95. June 26. Lat. 5\xc2\xb0 43\'. 5 N., Long. 119\xc2\xb0 40\'E. Sulu-sea. 522 M. Stony bottom. One male and another specimen of unknown sex.\nThe nearest allied species is Axius consobrinus (de Man) from Stat. 280. (J. Gr. de Man, in: Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. XXIX, 1907, p. 129). Rostrum little longer than broad at its base, reaching almost to the middle of 2nd antennular article; lateral borders diverging somewhat backward, finely serrulate on their distal half, continued on the carapace as sharp ridges that first diverge and then run parallel with the median line. A sharp median carina passes back from the middle of the concave surface of the rostrum and bifurcates on the gastric region, armed just in front of the bifurcation in the male with one, in the other specimen with two minute teeth. Telson one-third longer than broad, posterior margin rounded with a small acute median tooth; lateral borders slightly converging backward, armed in the larger specimen at either side with 4 teeth, in the male with 4 on the left and 5 on the right side; dorsal spines rudimentary. Outer uropod elliptical, one and a half as long as broad, with only an anterior and a posterior, but no apical margin; anterior margin a little arched with 14 rather small teeth, posterior margin strongly curved, with a movable tooth at the apical angle, for the rest unarmed. Inner uropod a little more than twice as long as broad, anterior border with 13 acute teeth, of which the 6 apical ones occur on a lobule, that projects beyond and makes an obtuse angle with the posterior border.\nEyes subsessile, reaching to middle of rostrum, cornea distinctly faceted, occupying nearly the whole stalk, of a beautiful ochraceous colour. Second

Description: In my first paper on Malaysian Convolvulaceae in Blumea III, 1938, p. 62\xe2\x80\x9494, I pointed out (p. 83) that Neuropeltis racemosa Wall, has often been confounded both in literature and in herbaria with another species from the Malay Peninsula, N. Maingayi Peter. Moreover, on p. 85, I expressed my doubt whether specimens from Indo China, mentioned in literature as N. racemosa Wall, (by Gagnepain & Courchet in Lecomte, Flore Generale de l\xe2\x80\x99Indo-Chine IV, 1915, p. 290, fig. 31) actually belong to that species. A more detailed study of materials from Indo China has now brought to light, that the plants from that country are different from those occurring in the Malay Peninsula and that they represent a new, though closely related, species.\nSpecimens from the west coast of British India (Kanara, Malabar) also appeared to be different from N. racemosa, under which name they are mentioned by Beddome, Clarke, Cooke and Gamble.

Description: During the preparation of an account of the grasses for the flora of Dutch Guiana many difficulties were found in the identification of species of the genus Axonopus. Our knowledge as to the most recent treatment is entirely based upon Doell\xe2\x80\x99s work for the Flora Brasiliensis. It is, however, evident that Doell did not see many types and his concept of many species proves to be incorrect. The modern genus Axonopus is not accepted by Doell but treated by him as a section Emprosthion of the large genus Paspalum. The difficulties arose already when he treated Fluegge\xe2\x80\x99s Paspalum furcatum which is a continental North American species. Raddi\xe2\x80\x99s Paspalum obtusifolium from Brazil, although given as a synonym, is a quite distinct species. As another synonym is mentioned by Doell in Fl. Bras., Vol. II, pars II, p. 103: Panicum surinamense Hochstetter in Hostm. et Kappler, Plant. Surinam, n. 1283 with the addition: \xe2\x80\x9cspiculis ad margines, imprimis basi, magis pilosis\xe2\x80\x9d. The correct citation of Panicum surinamense Hochst. is, however, given by Steudel in his Synopsis, where the species is published. The type of Steudel was certainly not seen by Doell, but the valid publication of the year 1854 was mentioned by Doell under Paspalum scoparium Fluegge with the same number 1283 and the addition \xe2\x80\x9cpartis nomine\xe2\x80\x9d. I observe here that the synonyms under Paspalum scoparium Fluegge in Doell\xe2\x80\x99s treatment are for the greater part wrongly placed. It may be that Doell saw different plants of Hostmann and Kappler\xe2\x80\x99s number 1283, but the type of Steudel corresponds to only one definite species, correctly described by him.\nFrom the description it is evident that Steudel\xe2\x80\x99s plant is neither Paspalum furcatum nor Paspalum scoparium. To demonstrate this we have but to compare the description from the year 1854 which runs as follows: Panicum surinamense Hochst. (Hrbr. Dr. Hostmann nr. 1283) Erectum; culmo firmo valido elato (abscisso 3-pedali); vaginis longissimis basi cum nodis dense molliterque sursum ad vaginas tantum pilosis; foliis linearibus compressis (1\xe2\x80\x99 longis in statu explanato 4\xe2\x80\x945\xe2\x80\x99\xe2\x80\x99\xe2\x80\x99 latis) glabris carina scabriusculis; racemis elongatis (6\xe2\x80\x949\xe2\x80\x99\xe2\x80\x99) longis strictis fasciculatis (6\xe2\x80\x948); spiculis solitariis subsessilibus alternis subimbricatis lanceolatis glabris; gluma inferiore vix ulla (nisi apex explanatus pedicelli brevissimi), superiore 3-nervia flosculum aequante. Surinam.

Description: Diese Arbeit enth\xc3\xa4lt die Beschreibung einiger neuer Arten aus den Asphaltgesteinen der Insel Buton, sowie Bemerkungen \xc3\xbcber schon bekannte Species. Wie \xc3\xbcberall im ostindischen Archipel ist auch hier K. Martin vorangegangen, indem er 1933 und 1935 insgesamt 35 neue Arten beschrieben und abgebildet hat; diese Anzahl hat sich jetzt bis auf 86 vermehrt.\nDie hier behandelten Fossilien empfing ich z. T. aus den Sammlungen des Geologischen Institutes der Universit\xc3\xa4t Amsterdam; einen kleinen Teil dieser Sammlung hat Prof. H.A. Brouwer von der Direktion der \xe2\x80\x9eMijnbouwmaatschappij Boeton\xe2\x80\x9d erhalten, ein anderer Teil wurde diesem geologischen Museum geschenkt von Herrn Dr. W.P. de Roever, dessen Vater, Herr J.W. de Roever, damals Inspektor der \xe2\x80\x9eStoomvaart-Maatschappij Nederland\xe2\x80\x9d, die Fossilien w\xc3\xa4hrend eines Aufenthaltes auf der Insel Buton aus gleicher Quelle empfing; von beiden Sammlungen ist der genauere Fundort nicht bekannt. Dr. C.O. van Regteren Altena hat die obenerw\xc3\xa4hnten Mollusken zuerst durchgesehen, konnte diese Arbeit aber nicht beenden und \xc3\xbcberliess mir das Material zur weiteren Bearbeitung, dabei auch seine Notizen freundlichst zu meiner Verf\xc3\xbcgung stellend. Es war f\xc3\xbcr uns beide von Interesse, unsere palaeontologischen Ergebnisse auf diese Weise durch Vergleich an einer und derselben Sammlung indopacifischer Mollusken nachpr\xc3\xbcfen zu k\xc3\xb6nnen und ich danke Herrn v. Regteren herzlich f\xc3\xbcr diese Gelegenheit zu einem regen Gedankenaustausch. Dass ich diese Arbeit luiternehmen konnte, verdanke ich selbstverst\xc3\xa4ndlich auch der Freundlichkeit der Direktion des hiesigen geologischen Institutes.

Description: Part III of this monograph (by Dr. F. A. Schilder) was published in volume 12 of this Journal, pp. 171\xe2\x80\x94194, 1941.\nThe fourth part deals with the families which can be summarised as Tonnacea (= Doliacea Thiele). They contain 31 species, two of which are new to science. The manuscript was already completed in the summer of 1940, but there was no earlier occasion for publication.

Description: The plates I\xe2\x80\x94XI contain illustrations of all the skulls and horn-cores of Bovidae from the Quaternary of the Netherlands, brought together in the National Museum of Geology at Leyden, Holland. They were all photographed with the occiputs vertical or what is thought to be vertical. They are described in the same order as figured.\nOn the plates I\xe2\x80\x94V are represented the skulls and horn-cores of the domesticated cows. Four races are distinguished among them: the brachyceros-race (fig. 1\xe2\x80\x9425), the frontosus-race (fig. 26), the primigenius-race (fig. 27\xe2\x80\x9441) and the trochoceros-race (fig. 42\xe2\x80\x9446).\nThe brachyceros-skulls and horn-cores have the following characteristics: a sharp angle (30\xc2\xb0\xe2\x80\x9450\xc2\xb0) between the plane of curvature of the horn-cores and the horizontal plane, cores that are curved in one plane, a sharp angle (about 70\xc2\xb0) between os frontale and os occipitale, a small breadth of the os frontale (table 1, measurement 2: 137\xe2\x80\x94145 mm), a small index 6 (table 1), small measurements 10, 15 and 16 (table 1), a large breadth to length-index of the os frontale (table 1, measurement 13), a small difference between the length (table 1, measurement 27) and the basal circumference of the horncores (table 1, measurement 26). Examples of typical representatives of brachyceros-cows are given by the figures 3, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 21 and 22. The skulls and cores of the figures 2, 4, 7, 15 and 24 show some affinity to the primigenius-race and those of the figures 1, 5, 10, 16, 17, 18 and 23 to the trochoceros-race.\nThe basal parts of the cores of figure 26 are strongly curved backwards and the plane of curvature nearly coincides with the frontal plane. As the points of the horn-cores are missing, the determination is somewhat uncertain. It is, however, not impossible, that this skull belonged to a frontosus-cow.\nThe skulls and horn-cores, which I believe that belong to the primigenius-race, have the following characteristics: the cores are (when the occiput is placed in the vertical plane) directed strongly upwards and are not curved in one plane; the min. breadth of the os frontale (table 3, measurement 2), the length of the forehead (table 3, measurement 10) and the breadth of the occiput (table 3, measurements 15 and 16) are larger than those of the brachy-ceros-cows; there is a large difference between the length of the cores (table 3, measurement 27) and their basal circumference (table 3, measurement 26). Examples of typical representatives of the primigenius-race are given by the figures 27, 28, 31, 33 and 34. The horn-core of figure 29 probably belonged to a young Bos primigenius. The skulls and cores of figures 30, 32 and 35 show some affinity to the brachyceros-race.\nThe skulls and horn-cores of plate V are believed to be representatives of the trochoceros-race. They are characterized by an angle of 10\xc2\xb0\xe2\x80\x9420\xc2\xb0 between the plane of curvature and the horizontal plane, a curvature of the cores in one plane, a backward curving of the basal parts of the cores, a longer breadth to length-index of the os frontale (table 4, measurement 2), a length of the forehead (table 4, measurement 10) and a breadth of the occiput (table 4, measurement 15 and 16) which are larger than those of the brachyceros-race.\nOn the plates VI\xe2\x80\x94VIII are presented the skulls and horn-cores of Bos primigenius. Comparing the measurements (see table 5) with those of males and females, as given by Adametz, it is clear, that the skulls and cores of figures 47, 48, 49, 50 and 53 belonged to males and that of figure 51 to a female.\nSkulls and horn-cores of Bison priscus are presented on the plates IX\xe2\x80\x94XI. Among them are distinguished two different races, Bison priscus longicornis Grom. (plate IX, plate X, fig. 62, 65, 66, 67 and plate XI) and Bison priscus deminutus Grom. (fig. 63\xe2\x80\x9464). The first is characterized by a large and narrow skull with long and slender cores and with a breadth to length-index of the os frontale (table 6, measurement 13) of 133\xe2\x80\x94147. A comparison with the measurements as given by Gromova makes it probable, that only the skulls of figures 60 and 63 are females whereas all the others belonged to males. Bison priscus deminutus (fig. 63 and 64) is characterized by a moderately sized skull with massive cores and with a breadth to lengthindex of the os frontale (table 6, measurement 13) of 124. The min. breadth of the os frontale (table 6, measurement 2) is only 267\xe2\x80\x94286 mm. There is, however, some difference between the skull of figure 63 and the skull of figure 64. The first mentioned has a convex forehead with regular transitions in the cores; the cores are only feebly curved. This skull is supposed to have belonged to a female animal. The skull of figure 64 has a flat forehead sharply separated from the cores; the cores are much more curved. This skull probably belonged to a male bison.\nTable 7 gives a review of the stratigrapbical distribution of the Bovidae, here described.\nThe specimens of Bison priscus from Bokhoven (fig. 61), Brummen (fig. 74) and Drempt (fig. 64) certainly belong to W\xc3\xbcrm Glacial and the others probably also.\nThe specimens of Bos primigenius may be devided into three groups. Enterbroek (fig. 48) and Ammerozden (fig. 49) belong to the W\xc3\xbcrm Glacial. Lutterzijl (fig. 47), Nieuwe Merwede (fig. 50) and Terschelling (fig. 51) belong either to the W\xc3\xbcrm Glacial or to the Holocene. The others are holocene. Of these the specimen from Veghel, 2 m (fig. 54) belongs to the Boreal and those from the Mease-tunnel (fig. 52, 55, 56 and 58) and Dinther (fig. 53) to the Subboreal.\nThe normalisation-works of the river Aa, Northern Brabant, have furnished some important data as to the stratigraphical distribution of Bos taurus. The oldest specimen, Veghel, 2\xc2\xbd m \xe2\x80\x94 (fig. 23), has been dated by pollen analysis as belonging to the upper part of the W\xc3\xbcrm Glacial, the so-called Lateglacial. However, it is not probable, that this horn-core is derived from a domesticated animal. The oldest occurrence of domesticated brachyceros-oxen are contemporaneous with the Kj\xc3\xb6kkenm\xc3\xb6ddinger culture (5000\xe2\x80\x944000 b. C.). The horn-core of Veghel, on the other hand, is of the same age as the late palaeolithic culture (before 8000 b. C.). Therefore it is much more probable, that the core belonged to a wild ox, namely Bos (Brachyceros) europaeus Adametz. By several investigators (Adametz, Antonius) this species is considered to be the wild ancestor of the domesticated brachyceros-oxen. The specimen from Veghel renders this theory more probable than the view advocated by Nehring, Duerst and Hilzheimer, who suppose, that all the races of Bos taurus, the brachycerosrace included, descended from Bos primigenius Boj.\nThe first undoubted tame cows from the river-basin of the Aa are dated by pollen analysis as belonging to the transition from Boreal to Atlanticum. This is the beginning of the late mesolithic Kj\xc3\xb6kkenm\xc3\xb6dinger culture. The still persisting flint-industry (microliths) is associated with the first pottery. It is the time of beginning agriculture. As demonstrated by the finding of remains of Cervus elaphus L. and Bos primigenius Boj., the deer and the aurochs were formed the chief hunting quarry.\nIn Subboreal time this district was inhabited by the so-called \xe2\x80\x9eurnpeople\xe2\x80\x9d, by who not only the brachycerosbut also the more robust primigeniusand trochoceros-cows were breeded.\nThe district of the larger rivers is characterized by the absence of Bos taurus brachyceros, the probable presence of Bos taurus frontosus, during the Subboreal, and the presence of Bos taurus primigenius during the Boreal and Subboreal. The absence of the brachyceros-cow is probably imputable to a hiatus in the collections of the Museum at Leyden.\nContrary to Bos taurus brachyceros, Bos taurus primigenius is generally considered to be a direct descendant of Bos primigenius. It is however not yet known at what time the first aurochses were domesticated. Without doubt the skull from Wijk-bij-Duurstede (fig. 27) belonged to an animal, that lived at the beginning of domestication.\nThe frontosus-ox is not found among the fauna of the Swiss lake dwellings. However it is described by Degerb\xc3\xb8l from the Subboreal of Denmark (Bunds\xc3\xb8). Therefore it is probable, that the \xe2\x80\x9eurn-people\xe2\x80\x9d living along the large rivers had a different origin to the people dwelling in the sandy regions of Brabant.

Description: In this paper we described the molar teeth of E. primigenius found in our country and stored in the Rijksmuseum van Geologie en Mineralogie at Leyden. Special attention is paid to the individual age of the animals at the moment when the grinders were rendered inoparative. As a rule this must have taken place at the moment of the animals dying. In fig. 3 is shown that proportionately the greater number of animals died at the age of 30\xe2\x80\x9460. There are sound reasons to suppose that most of the animals died in the period of life between the 30th and the 45th year. This seem to point to unfavourable life conditions during the time that the woolly mammoth dwelled in the Netherlands. (That time lies between the Mindel-Riss interglacial period and the \xe2\x80\x9cLate glacial time\xe2\x80\x9d of the W\xc3\xbcrm glacial period. Remnants, however, of mammoths found in deposits of pre-W\xc3\xbcrm age are rare).\nTo obtain more arresting proofs that these animals lived so short because of unfavourable climatic conditions and not because of their ordinary struggle for life, it is necessary that data about the individual ages of mammoths of (1\xc2\xb0) various parts of the world and (2\xc2\xb0) several geological times are collected.\nIn this paper we have tried to give such data. The reader finds here the individual ages of an amount of Dutch mammoths. Unfortunately however, the data necessary for an exact fixing of the geological age were in much cases not available. Many specimens were dredged and recovered in rivers, or found by non-geologists. It is not improbably that investigations, established with better dated material will show a correlation between the individual duration of life and the several climatic changes of Pleistocene time.

Description: Het onderzochte gebied ligt in het westelijk gedeelte der Noord-Apennijnen, die zich van de omstreken van Genua in het W tot de Monte Falterona in Toscane in het E uitstrekken. De naam van Ligurische Apennijnen, die vooral door niet-Italianen aan dit gebergte wordt gegeven, is minder verkieselijk, aangezien tot de Ligurische Apennijnen vaak ook het gebergte ten W van Genua wordt gerekend, dat volgens Stille, Kober, e. a. reeds tot de Alpen behoort, volgens Staub e.a. daarentegen een overgangszone vertegenwoordigt tusschen Alpen en Apennijnen, maar dat in ieder geval in bouw zoo sterk afwijkt van de overige Apennijnenketen, dat het juister is de westgrens der Apennijnen ten N van Genua te trekken (fig. 1).\nZooals in de titel aangegeven, worden west- en oostgrens van het gebied respectievelijk gevormd door de dalen van de Scrivia en de St\xc3\xa1ffora; noord- en zuidgrens zijn onregelmatig, respectievelijk volgen zij ongeveer volgende lijnen: Cassano \xe2\x80\x94 Avolasca \xe2\x80\x94 Ponte Nizza en Isola del Cantone\xe2\x80\x94Monte Giarolo \xe2\x80\x94 S. Margherita di Bobbio.

Description: A. Meer dan 6 achtervleugeladeren vanaf de cel. a. Maxillairpalpen en sporen aan de tibi\xc3\xabn ontbreken . Hepialidae. b. \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e w\xc3\xa8l ontwikkeld. a1. Bijtende monddeelen (mandibels) niet ontwikkeld . Eriocraniidae. b1. \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e aanwezig. . . . Micropterygidae.\nB. Niet meer dan 6 achtervleugeladeren vanaf de cel. a. Achtervleugel met twee anaaladeren (zonder lc.). a1. Voorvleugelader 5 dichter bij 4 ontspringend dan bij 6. a2. Achtervleugelader 8 ontbreekt Syntomidae. 62. Achtervleugelader 8 aanwezig (behalve bij eenige Arctiidae). a3. Achtervleugelader 8 gescheiden van 7. a4. Met frenulum. a5. Achtervleugelader 8 samensmeltend met de cel tot ongeveer even voor het midden . . . . Arctiidae. 65. Achtervleugelader 8 alleen aan de basis met de eel samensmeltend. a6. Antennen met min of meer verbreede schaft Agaristidae. 66. \xe2\x80\x9e zonder verbreede schaft (uitgezonderd bij Dahlia) . . . . . . . . . . . Noctuidae. c5. Achtervleugelader 8 vrij of met de cel door een tak verbonden. a6. Zonder zuiger. a7. Geknopte antennen . . . . . . . . . Neocastniidae. b7. Antennen niet geknopt . . . . . . . . Lymantriidae.

Description: W\xc3\xa4hrend seines Aufenthaltes in Niederl\xc3\xa4ndisch Indien hat Herr Conservator J. B. Corporaal, namentlich in den Jahren 1917\xe2\x80\x9421, erfolgreich an der Ostk\xc3\xbcste Sumatras und da vielfach in Pflanzungen Coleopteren gesammelt, das umfangreiche Material sorgf\xc3\xa4ltig praepariert und genau mit Fundorten und Daten bezettelt. Die Gesamtausbeute an R\xc3\xbcsselk\xc3\xa4fern, unter denen sich einige wenige auch von der Nordk\xc3\xbcste Sumatras, aus Atjeh befanden, ist mir unter den freigebigsten Bedingungen von Herrn Corporaal zur Bearbeitung \xc3\xbcbergeben worden, wof\xc3\xbcr ihm in meinem und im Namen des Dresdner Museums, das auf diese Weise von allen Arten Belegexemplare 1) bekam, der w\xc3\xa4rmste Dank ausgesprochen sei.\nDie genaueren Angaben der Sammelpl\xc3\xa4tze, deren H\xc3\xb6henlage \xc3\xbcber dem Meere in Metern beigef\xc3\xbcgt ist, sind in R\xc3\xbccksicht auf Druckkosten und der oftmaligen Wiederholung im Verlaufe der Arbeit wie folgt abgek\xc3\xbcrzt worden: A: Alsar Djamboe (Atjeh) Ma: Marihat 450 B: Brastagi (Toba-Hochland) 1300 P: Piasaoeloe B B: Bandar Baroe 850 Pat: Patoembah 50 Ba: Balimbingan 370 P B: Pakan Baroe 100 B G: Balei Gadjah 10 P M: Pagar Marbau 24 B L: Bah Lias 32 S: Sibolangit 550 BN: Bandar Negri 100 Sa: Sabang Bo B: Boschreserve Bandar 90 Si: Siantar (= Pematang Siantar) 400 B S: Bah Soemboel S G: Sarang Giting 70 G M: Goenoeng Melajoe S M: Soengi Merah 16 H: Haboko 300 S Ms: Soengi Moesan 110

Description: Summarizing, it appears that Eucommia has the greatest number of characters in common with the Urticales. This is shown by the similarity of the inflorescences as well as by the unisexual flowers and the dioecy. In both groups the pistil consists of 2 connate carpels and the ovary is usually 1-celled by abortion, while the stigmata are generally papillate. Further general points of relation with the Urticales are the originally spiral phyllotaxis, which becomes later on pseudo-distichous, simple vessel perforations, libriform with bordered pits, unicellular hairs and the occurrence of calciumcarbonate and silica as well as of latex elements.\nYet, it seems difficult to indicate any particular family in the Urticales to which Eucommia should be most related. While the fruit recalls Ulmus and the latex elements Urtica and Cannabis, the spirally thickened vessel walls remind us of some Morus species. In addition, Eucommia is isolated by the facts that in the Urticales the perianth is never entirely wanting, that there is only one ovule in the cell of the ovary, that stipules are very frequent, that calciumoxalate is characteristic (it is wanting in Eucommia) and that the superficial suberization is subepidermal in the Urticales and epidermal in Eucommia.\nAfter the Urticales the Euphorbiaceae-Hippomaneae seem to be the nearest of kin, on account of a number of anatomical and morphological characters. However, the Euphorbiaceae usually possess a 3-celled ovary, a 2-celled one occasionally occurs in the Hippomaneae. Next follow the Hamamelidaceae which have, however, two fertile carpels but of which Distylium and Altingia show a reduction in the perianth and the latter moreover a similar leaf shape.