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  • Articles  (158)
  • Open Access-Papers  (158)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk  (155)
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  • 2005-2009  (158)
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  • Articles  (158)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-04-07
    Description: The GSHAP CAUCAS test area was established under the INTAS Ct.94-1644 (Test Area for sismic Hazard Assessment in the Caucasus) and NATO ARW Ct.95-1521 (Historical and Prehistorical Earthquakes in the Caucasus), with the initial support of IASPEI, UNESCO and ILP. The high tectonic interest and seismicity rate of the whole area, the availability of abundant multi-disciplinary data and the long established tradition in hazard assessment provide a unique opportunity to test different methodologies in a common test area and attempt to establish some consensus in the scientific community. Starting from the same input data (historical and instrumental seismic catalogue, lineament and homogeneous seismic source models) six independent approaches to seismic hazard assessment have been used, ranging from pure historical deterministic to seismotectonic probabilistic and areal assessment methodologies. The results are here compared.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic hazard assessment ; Caucasus ; historical earthquake ; UN/IDNDR ; active faults ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-06-21
    Description: Earthquake Early Warning Systems (EEWS), based on real-time prediction of ground motion or structural response measures, may play a role in reducing vulnerability and/or exposition of buildings and lifelines. In fact, recently seismologists developed efficient methods for rapid estimation of event features by means of limited information of the P-waves. Then, when an event is occurring, probabilistic distributions of magnitude and source-to-site distance are available and the prediction of the ground motion at the site, conditioned to the seismic network measures, may be performed in analogy with the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA). Consequently the structural performance may be obtained by the Probabilistic Seismic Demand Analysis (PSDA), and used for real-time risk management purposes. However, such prediction is performed in very uncertain conditions which have to be taken into proper account to limit false and missed alarms. In the present study, real-time risk analysis for early warning purposes is discussed. The magnitude estimation is performed via the Bayesian approach, while the earthquake localization is based on the Voronoi cells. To test the procedure it was applied, by simulation, to the EEWS under development in the Campanian region (southern Italy). The results lead to the conclusion that the PSHA, conditioned to the EEWS, correctly predicts the hazard at the site and that the false/missed alarm probabilities may be controlled by set up of an appropriate decisional rule and alarm threshold.
    Description: Published
    Description: 867–885
    Description: open
    Keywords: Early warning ; Hazard ; Real-time ; Risk ; False alarm ; Missed alarm ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: The plain of Gubbio is located in a northwest-southeast oriented, 4-km wide, 20-km long intermountain basin in the northern Apennines, central Italy. The moderate-magnitude earthquakes of the 1997 Umbria-Marche seismic sequence, occurred 40 km southeast of Gubbio, generated displacements as large as 6 cm within the basin. The large amplitude phase, not observed outside of the basin, was followed by low-frequency wave trains lasting up to 1 minute. In order to investigate the mechanism of possible local amplification effects, different kind of geophysical and geological investigation of the basin started within the framework of the Italian DPC-INGV projects. In particular, the GFZ and the INGV deployed two linear seismic arrays. The first one was composed of ten seismological stations with 1-s receivers. It operated from June until December 2005. The array was oriented north-south, approximately: all the stations but two were installed on the sedimentary deposits. The remaining two stations (the northernmost and the southernmost) were installed on rock outcrops at the edges of the basin. The second array, composed by 10 stations with 5-s receivers, was deployed along the main axis of the basin, and is recording since November 2005. For 45 days, the two arrays worked simultaneously. A selected dataset of 250 earthquakes has been analyzed. H/V spectral ratio results show that systematic low-frequency (0.3-0.4 Hz) amplification affects the stations in the middle of the basin. The resonance frequency peaks are consistent with the thickness and the average S-wave velocity of soft sediments derived from microtremor measurements in the basin. The conventional spectral ratio results show a more complex broad-band (0.3-10 Hz) amplification. The analysis of selected records by means of a sonogram approach highlights the arrival of strong late phases increasing the signal duration at the stations located in the middle of the basin.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Geneva, Switzerland
    Description: open
    Keywords: weak motion analysis ; linear arrays ; polarization ; response spectra ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-11-18
    Description: Five Andean countries (Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela) and four European countries (Italy, Spain, Holland, Germany) cooperated in the PILOTO program ("Test area for earthquake monitoring and seismic hazard assessment"), launched under GSHAP and sponsored by the European Union (Ct.94-0103) to produce a unified SHA for the Andean region. Activities included the integration of national earthquake catalogues and source zonings in common regional databases and joint technical workshops for the assessment of the regional hazard, expressed in terms of expected peak ground acceleration with 10% exceedance probability in 50 years.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic hazard assessment ; Andes ; earthquake ; UN/IDNDR ; South America ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: This article presents the results of a detailed study of the effects of the 1883 earthquake, which occurred at the island of Ischia (Gulf of Naples) and produced the total destruction of buildings in the epicentral area (Casamicciola town). Despite the moderate magnitude, this event was characterised by very high intensities (Imax = XI degree MCS) mainly due to the shallow depth of the source. The study of the earthquake shows that the intensities, which decreased rapidly with distance, were affected by source directivity, according to the causative fault geometry and tectonic structures, while local amplification of damage was observed where soft soils outcrop. The attenuation of seismic intensity with distance was evaluated using the well-known relation of intensity versus epicentral distance (Blake’s method). The diverse gradients of attenuation, observed in different directions, were ascribed to the various geological features of the shallow crust of the island. In order to evaluate the role of geology in the damage level, we computed different attenuation models for stiff and soft soils outcropping on the island. A systematic local amplification of about 1 MCS degree associated to the presence of reworked tuffs was obtained. This study also shows the influence of geological conditions on the evaluation of macroseismic data and supplies useful elements to derive a predictive map of potential site effects.
    Description: Published
    Description: id 231
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Ischia island ; 1883 Earthquake ; Macroseismic data ; Site effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: Results of probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA), in terms of macroseismic intensity applied to the Mt. Etna region, are presented. PSHA has been performed using a numerical procedure based on the extensive use of local macroseismic information, as an alternative to the usual Cornell-McGuire methods. The large amount of intensity data available for this area - coming from the Italian intensity database DBMI04 for the regional earthquakes, and from the Etna catalogue for the ‘local’ events - has provided fairly exhaustive seismic site histories (i.e. the data set of macroseismic observations available for a given locality) to estimate the seismic hazard for 402 localities on the volcano. In order to improve the completeness of the site catalogue when historical information is missing, observed intensity data have been integrated with values calculated from epicentral information obtained by using an attenuation law specific for the Etna region. Using a probability distribution considering the completeness of the input database and the uncertainty of intensity data, the hazard in terms of maximum intensity (Iexp) characterised by a 10% probability of exceedance in an exposure time of 50 years, has been computed. The highest values ( Iexp = IX or X) are found in the south-eastern flank of Mt. Etna while the rest of the volcano is exposed to a lower hazard (Iexp = VIII). Despite the low energy (M≤4.8) compared with that of the large regional earthquakes affecting the area (6.6≤M≤7.4), the local events strongly influence the pattern of the hazard in the eastern sector of Mt. Etna, representing a significant, and sole, source of hazard when a shorter exposure time (e.g. 30 years) is considered.
    Description: Published
    Description: 77-91
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: probabilistic sesmic hazard ; macroseismic intentity ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-06-21
    Description: Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis is currently the soundest basis for the rational evaluation of ground-motion hazard for site-specific engineering design and assessment purposes. An increasing number of building codes worldwide acknowledge the uniform hazard spectra as the reference to determine design actions on structures and to select input ground motions for seismic structural analysis. This is the case, for example, in Italy where the new seismic code also requires the seismic input for nonlinear dynamic analysis to be selected on the basis of dominating events, for example, identified via disaggregation of seismic hazard. In the present study, the design earthquakes expressed in terms of representative magnitude (M), distance (R), and ε were investigated for a wide region in the southern Apennines, Italy. To this aim, the hazards corresponding to peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration at 1 sec with a return period of 475 yr were disaggregated. For each of the disaggregation variables the shape of the joint and marginal probability density functions were studied. The first two modes expressed by M, R, and ε were extracted and mapped for the study area. The results shown provide additional information, in terms of source and ground-motion parameters, to be used along with the standard hazard maps to better select the design earthquakes. The analyses also allow us to assess how various frequency ranges of the design spectrum are differently contributed by seismic sources in the study area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2979–2991
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Modelli per la stima della pericolosità sismica a scala nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: seismic hazard ; disaggregation ; Southern Apenniens ; design earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: On September 6, 2002, aML =5.6 earthquake, occurring some tens of kilometres offshore from the Northern Sicilian coast (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea), slightly damaged the city of Palermo and surroundings (degree 6 in the European Macroseismic Scale 1998). The macroseismic investigation of the shock and a detailed study of effects of the main earthquakes which affected Palermo in the past have been performed in order to evaluate the seismic response of the city. Moreover, the comparison of the recent event, which is instrumentally constrained, with historical earthquakes allows us to infer new insights on the seismogenic sources of the area, that seem located offshore in the Tyrrhenian sea. In the last 500 years, Palermo has never been completely destroyed but has suffered effects estimated between intensities 6 and 8 EMS-98 many times (1693, 1726, 1751, 1823, 1940, 1968, 2002). The damage scenarios of the analysed events have shown that damage distribution is strongly conditioned by soil response in the different parts of the city and by a high building vulnerability, mainly in the historical centre and in the south-eastern zone of the modern city. As a matter of fact, Palermo has always suffered greater effects than those reported for other nearby localities. The hazard assessment obtained using observed site intensities has shown that the probability of occurrence for intensity 8 (the strongest intensity observed in Palermo) exceeds 99% for 550 years, while the estimated mean return period is 152 ± 40 years. These results, in connection with building vulnerability due to the urban expansion before the introduction of seismic code, suggest that the city is exposed to a relatively high seismic risk.
    Description: Published
    Description: 525-543
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: intensity ; damage ; earthquakes ; Italy ; macroseismics ; Palermo ; seismic hazard ; vulnerability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: Vengono presentate le stime di pericolosità sismica, in termini di intensità macrosismica, ottenute mediante l’approccio probabilistico proposto da Albarello e Mucciarelli (2002), basato sull’impiego dei dati documentari relativi agli effetti locali prodotti dai terremoti passati (storie sismiche di sito). I risultati forniti da questa procedura (approccio “di sito”), in termini di minimo valore di intensità caratterizzato da una probabilità di eccedenza inferiore al 10% in 50 anni (Iref), sono confrontati con quelli ottenuti sul territorio italiano tramite la metodologia “standard” di Cornell-McGuire. Per meglio comprendere i motivi delle differenze osservate tra le due stime e il ruolo di differenti basi informative, sono state prodotte diverse mappe di pericolosità. Stime di pericolosità a scala locale sono state inoltre effettuate nell’area dell’Etna dove, grazie a numerosi studi macrosismici di dettaglio, sono disponibili storie sismiche di sito particolarmente ricche.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic hazard estimates ; intensity data ; Italy and Etna region ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-06-09
    Description: A seismic rehabilitation program is being implemented to address the vulnerability of a large proportion of Italian building stock. A risk management framework, initially only for Italian school buildings, has been developed to assign priorities for the rehabilitation, and to give timescales within which retrofit or demolition must take place. Since it is not practical to carry out detailed assessment for around 60,000 Italian schools, the framework is a multiple-level procedure that aims to identify the highest-risk buildings based on filters of increasing detail, and reduces the size of the building inventory at each step. Finally, priorities and timescales are assigned based on vulnerability, seismic hazard, and building occupancy, within a general framework with parameters that must be assigned by the relevant authorities. The methodology is transparent, technically based, and flexible enough to be adapted for other building types or regions.
    Description: DPC — Dipartimento della Protezione Civile
    Description: Published
    Description: 291-314
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: seismic risk ; school buildings ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2021-06-21
    Description: Earthquake early warning systems (EEWS), based on real-time prediction of ground motion or structural response measures, may play a role in re- ducing vulnerability and/or exposure of buildings and lifelines. Indeed, seismologists have recently developed efficient methods for real-time es- timation of an event’s magnitude and location based on limited informa- tion of the P-waves. Therefore, when an event occurs, estimates of magni- tude and source-to-site distance are available, and the prediction of the structural demand at the site may be performed by Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) and then by Probabilistic Seismic Demand Analysis (PSDA) depending upon EEWS measures. Such an approach contains a higher level of information with respect to traditional seismic risk analysis and may be used for real-time risk management. However, this kind of prediction is performed in very uncertain conditions which may affect the effectiveness of the system and therefore have to be taken into due account. In the present study the performance of the EWWS under development in the Campania region (southern Italy) is assessed by simu- lation. The earthquake localization is formulated in a Voronoi cells ap- proach, while a Bayesian method is used for magnitude estimation. Simu- lation has an empirical basis but requires no recorded signals. Our results, in terms of hazard analysis and false/missed alarm probabilities, lead us to conclude that the PSHA depending upon the EEWS significantly improves seismic risk prediction at the site and is close to what could be produced if magnitude and distance were deterministically known.
    Description: Published
    Description: 211-232
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Earthquake Early ; Campania Region ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2021-06-09
    Description: Convenzione INGV-DPC 2004 – 2006 / Progetto S1 Proseguimento della assistenza al DPC per il completamento e la gestione della mappa di pericolosità sismica prevista dall'Ordinanza PCM 3274 e progettazione di ulteriori sviluppi
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Sismic Risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2020-12-01
    Description: The supposed b-value spatial variability is the central topic of many scientific works dealing with forecasting modeling applications or geological correlations. If used for seismicity rates determination, the b-value plays an important role in probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, but how much does it influence PSHA? In the logic tree approach used for the new probabilistic seismic hazard map of Italy, named MPS04 (MPS Working Group, 2004), one of the sources of epistemic uncertainty considered was the procedure for computing seismicity rates. Two alternatives were adopted: 1) compute the activity rates for each binned magnitude class and 2) compute a Gutenberg-Richter (1944) distribution. In the logic tree branches where Gutenberg-Richter distribution was adopted, the corresponding bvalue was evaluated for each seismogenic zone: it spans between 0.63 and 2.01. After analysing the b-value variability in the Italian region, this work evaluates the impact of setting the b-value equal to 1 on the results of seismic hazard assessment in terms of PGA and energy release compared to the choices adopted for MPS04 (MPS Working Group, 2004).
    Description: Published
    Description: 59-76
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; Italy ; G-R distribution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2021-06-21
    Description: The development and implementation of an earthquake early warning system (EEWS), both in regional or on-site configurations can help to mitigate the losses due to the occurrence of moderate-to-large earthquakes in densely populated and/or industrialized areas. The capability of an EEWS to provide real-time estimates of source parameters (location and magnitude) can be used to take some countermeasures during the earthquake occurrence and before the arriving of the most destructive waves at the site of interest. However, some critical issues are peculiar of EEWS and need further investigation: (1) the uncertainties on earthquake magnitude and location estimates based on the measurements of some observed quantities in the very early portion of the recorded signals; (2) the selection of the most appropriate parameter to be used to predict the ground motion amplitude both in near-and far-source ranges; (3) the use of the estimates provided by the EEWS for structural engineering and risk mitigation applications. In the present study, the issues above are discussed using the Campania–Lucania region (Southern Apennines) in Italy, as test-site area. In this region a prototype system for earthquake early warning, and more generally for seismic alert management, is under development. The system is based on a dense, wide dynamic accelerometric network deployed in the area where the moderate-to-large earthquake causative fault systems are located. The uncertainty analysis is performed through a real-time probabilistic seismic hazard analysis by using two different approaches. The first is the Bayesian approach that implicitly integrate both the time evolving estimate of earthquake parameters, the probability density functions and the variability of ground motion propagation providing the most complete information. The second is a classical point estimate approach which does not account for the probability density function of the magnitude and only uses the average of the estimates performed at each seismic station. Both the approaches are applied to two main towns located in the area of interest, Napoli and Avellino, for which a missed and false alarm analysis is presented by means of a scenario earthquake: an M 7.0 seismic event located at the centre of the seismic network. Concerning the ground motion prediction, attention is focused on the response spectra as the most appropriate function to characterize the ground motion for earthquake engineering applications of EEWS.
    Description: Published
    Description: On line First
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Earthquake early-warning ; Real-time seismology ; Bayesian analysis ; Missed and false alarm ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2021-06-21
    Description: Earthquake Early Warning Systems (EEWS), based on real-time prediction of ground motion or structural response measures, may play a role in reducing vulnerability and/or exposition of buildings and lifelines. In fact, recently seismologists developed efficient methods for rapid estimation of event features by means of limited information of the P-waves. Then, when an event is occurring, probabilistic distributions of magnitude and source-to-site distance are available and the prediction of the ground motion at the site, conditioned to the seismic network measures, may be performed in analogy with the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA). Consequently the structural performance may be obtained by the Probabilistic Seismic Demand Analysis (PSDA), and used for real-time risk management purposes. However, such prediction is performed in very uncertain conditions which have to be taken into proper account to limit false and missed alarms. In the present study, real-time risk analysis for early warning purposes is discussed. The magnitude estimation is performed via the Bayesian approach, while the earthquake localization is based on the Voronoi cells. To test the procedure it was applied, by simulation, to the EEWS under development in the Campanian region (southern Italy). The results lead to the conclusion that the PSHA, conditioned to the EEWS, correctly predicts the hazard at the site and that the false/missed alarm probabilities may be controlled by set up of an appropriate decisional rule and alarm threshold.
    Description: Published
    Description: Geneva, Switzerland.
    Description: open
    Keywords: Early warning ; Real-time analysis ; Bayesian approach ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: A new approach has been developed aiming at the probabilistic estimate of seismic hazard from the local seismic history. This is expressed in terms of seismic effects documented at the site during past earthquakes (macroseismic intensity) and thus a specific statistical treatment is required to take into account the peculiar character of macroseismic data that are discrete, ordinal and range-limited. The proposed procedure also allows the correct treatment of relevant uncertainty (ill-defined intensity values, local catalogue completeness, etc.) in the frame of a coherent distribution-free statistical approach. This methodology has been implemented in a free computer program (SASHA: Site Approach to Seismic Hazard Assessment) and applied to the seismic hazard estimation at the 8100 municipalities in Italy. The program also implements a probabilistic procedure to “translate” hazard estimates provided in terms of Intensity to other ground-shaking parameters (e.g. PGA): this “rescaling” procedure allows to com-pare the results coming from this approach with those provided by standard PSHA procedures. This comparison results of great importance at the sites where a relatively rich seismic history is available and it could provide a benchmark for different approaches to PSHA.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Hersonissos, Crete, Greece
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: probabilistic seismic hazard assessment ; intensity data ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The city of Palermo (southern Italy) was severely damaged in the past by moderate-magnitude earthquakes located tens of kilometres offshore. The historical monumental heritage and the high density of population motivated large efforts for the seismic risk assessment. We present the geological and seismological studies performed in downtown Palermo as a study case to show how the complexity of an urban environment can be approached with multidisciplinary investigations. Downtown Palermo is characterized by sea deposits in the coastal zone and the alluvial deposits of two rivers (Papireto and Kemonia) of about 150 m width, which were buried and filled during the XVII century. The difficulty of surface geological surveys was compensated through an analysis of aerial photos and more than 2000 borehole data organized in the City-GIS of the Department of Geology and Geodesy of the University of Palermo. A previous study on the well-documented historical damage indicated the major role played by the two river valleys and the sea deposits in controlling the damage distribution, above the assumption of a fairly homogeneous vulnerability of the existing buildings in downtown. To test the feasibility of using ambient noise for recognizing the presence of alluvial deposits in a densely urbanized environment, a large microtremor measurement campaign was performed in Palermo across several profiles. The frequency peaks inferred from the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio were compared with numerical simulations to assess the seismic velocity profile and the soil stratigraphy. Moreover, noise data were analyzed through a statistical approach to establish a possible correlation between damage, resonance frequency and amplitude, and geology. After the moderate earthquake of September 6, 2002 (Mw=5.9, 50 km far away), the analysis of the aftershock sequence provided a well documented estimate of the variation of ground motion within the city in the case of linear soil response. Using these aftershocks we computed also synthetic accelerograms of the main shock through Empirical Green’s Functions that provided ground accelerations as large as 50 gals, consistently with the documented EMS-98 intensity. Synthetic accelerograms showed a large variability of horizontal ground motion within the city (a factor of 3 – 4) that confirms the role of local geology in causing an increase of the seismic hazard on sea and alluvial deposits. Finally, we discuss the comparison between the acceleration response spectra calculated for different soil categories and the design elastic spectra provided by EC8.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Lisbon, Portugal
    Description: open
    Keywords: microtremors ; numerical simulations ; earthquake recordings ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: After the 2002 earthquakes, that struck the southern Italy provinces of Campobasso (Molise) and Foggia (Apulia), the safety assessment of buildings has allowed to evaluate, for different building typologies, the damage level caused by the seismic event; in particular, the survey of the damaged cultural heritage was carried out by the Task Cultural Heritage of the Mixed Operating Centre (COM) in Larino (a village in the epicentral area), coordinated by the “Working Group for the Safeguard of the Cultural Heritage from Natural Risks” (Italy’s Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 116, 21 May 2001 - PCM-DPC Decree, 3 May 2001)”. For this survey activity, the churches were investigated with a specific form proposed by the same Working Group (Ministerial Decree n. 133, 23th January 2001), adopting different forms for other kinds of buildings. The surveyors were organized in teams, called NOPSA (Nuclei Operativi Patrimonio Storico Artistico), composed by officials of the Regional board of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Environmental Conservation (architects and art historians), an engineer and a Fire Brigade technician. The first phase of the safety assessment has been developed on the basis of the warnings received by the Larino COM, and most of the surveyed buildings were churches. The damage assessment of public or private buildings began, initially, near the earthquake epicentre (area 1 - IMCS between 6 and 8.5) and subsequently was carried out for all the villages from which inspection requests arrived. At the same time a vulnerability survey was carried out for the churches, using the II level form (Lagomarsino et al., 2004) proposed in the SAVE Project (“Updated Tools for the Seismic Vulnerability Evaluation of the Italian Real Estate and of Urban Systems” – http://gndt.ingv.it). The damage and vulnerability survey has allowed to verify and optimize the procedures for damage assessment immediately after a seismic event (emergency phase) and to obtain useful indications for the reconstruction phase. On the whole 379 monumental buildings in 101 Molise villages and 207 monumental buildings in 44 Apulia villages were investigated. Figure 1 shows the number of monumental buildings surveyed after the earthquakes for each Molise village, subdividing the region according to the seismic classification proposed by the recent Italian Seismic Code (OPCM n. 3274, 2003 – http://zonesismiche.mi.ingv.it).
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: First European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (a joint event of the 13th ECEE & 30th General Assembly of the ESC) Geneva, Switzerland, 3-8 September 2006 Paper Number: 656
    Description: open
    Keywords: NON ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Earthquake Early Warning Systems (EEWS), based on real-time prediction of ground motion or structural response measures, may play a role in reducing vulnerability and/or exposition of buildings and lifelines. In fact, recently seismologists developed efficient methods for rapid estimation of event features by means of limited information of the P-waves. Then, when an event is occurring, probabilistic distributions of magnitude and source-to-site distance are available and the prediction of the ground motion at the site, conditioned to the seismic network measures, may be performed in analogy with the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA). Consequently the structural performance may be obtained by the Probabilistic Seismic Demand Analysis (PSDA), and used for real-time risk management purposes. However, such prediction is performed in very uncertain conditions which have to be taken into proper account to limit false and missed alarms. In the present study, real-time risk analysis for early warning purposes is discussed. The magnitude estimation is performed via the Bayesian approach, while the earthquake localization is based on the Voronoi cells. To test the procedure it was applied, by simulation, to the EEWS under development in the Campanian region (southern Italy). The results lead to the conclusion that the PSHA, conditioned to the EEWS, correctly predicts the hazard at the site and that the false/missed alarm probabilities may be controlled by set up of an appropriate decisional rule and alarm threshold.
    Description: Published
    Description: open
    Keywords: early warning ; real-time ; risk ; hazard ; false alarm ; missed alarm ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
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    Type: article
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Prior to 2003 the Italian building code, established in 1974, was mostly based on working stress design. The zonation that guided its application was made up in 1981 using a semi-quantitative, mainly seismological approach; it was enforced in 1984 and left about 2/3 of the territory without seismic provisions. In 1998 a new zonation was proposed but never adopted. The 2002 Mw5.7 earthquake in Molise (Southern Italy) caused the collapse of a school and the death of 26 children. The school was built in an area where seismic provisions were not applied, although the zonation proposed in 1998 assigned it to the second zone. The earthquake triggered a process that led in a few months to a new set of seismic provisions
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: San Francisco
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic hazard data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 21
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    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Published
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: open
    Keywords: rock physics, geomechanics, thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling, natural hazards ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.05. Rheology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: After the 2002 Molise earthquake, a wide survey of the damage and the seismic vulnerability of the churches was carried out, using specific forms extensively tested and recently acknowledged at a national scale (G.U. 07/03/2006). This approach has allowed one to compare the observed and the expected medium damage, calculated through vulnerability curves correlated to the specific form used. This comparison has enabled to evaluate inhomogeneous values in some cases, pointing out how the surveyed damage could not be put down just to a structural lack of the building. Studying the sites morphology for the churches located on the ridges, it was observed a damage level always greater than expected. To study the influence of the local amplification phenomena due to the topography, it has been analyzed some churches damaged by the Appennino Abruzzese (1984) and Molise (2002) earthquakes. These churches are located on the ridges top, with slope in-clination alfa≥15°, height H≥30m and characterized by homogeneous lithological subsoil, almost to consider it having an elastic behavior under dynamical stress. Taking into account this hazard increase inside a vulnerability analyses (based on a macroseismic or a mechanical approach), it has been proposed a double approach, validated through local seismic response (RSL) modeling of the ground (estimation of amplification factors and of elastic response spectra) and through the seismic response of the macroelements, damaged by the reference earth-quake (linear and not-linear kinematic analysis). Through the vulnerability analysis based of the macroseismic approach, the influence of the site morphology on the building behavior has been preliminary defined by a vulnerability modifier (deltaVml), that represents an additional parameter to reach the equivalent value between the surveyed and the expected damage. The study of the amplification effects has been performed using the BEM numerical analysis; the results are represented by the amplification factors (Fa), defined as the ratio between the spectral intensity of output and input, considering the range period of 0.1s-0.5s, and the corresponding elas-tic response spectra: they confirm the results of the macroseismic approach. Considering the mechanical approach, two churches have been examined in detail (S Pietro in Vincoli at Castellino del Biferno and S. Michele Arcangelo at Campolieto): the kinematic analyses have been performed applied the calculated amplified and not-amplified response spectra (considering the earthquake 2002) and the design response spectrum. The analyses show that the results obtained applying the calculated amplified response spectrum are better correlated to the surveyed damage of the churches than the results obtained applying the not-amplified response spectrum.
    Description: Published
    Description: Pisa, Italia
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: analisi di vulnerabilità ; amplificazione sismica ; patrimonio monumentale ; scenari di danno ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The damage and vulnerability survey of the monumental buildings, damaged by the 2002 earthquake in the Molise Region, has allowed singling out of a correlation between the observed damage of the churches and their morphological site conditions. The vulnerability model connected to the survey methodology provides an evaluation of the expected mean damage. Comparison with the observed damage determined the introduction of a local morphological behaviour modifier, able to take into account the vulnerability increase due to the site effects. In order to validate the previous results, a numerical 2-D analysis of the seismic local response has been performed. In particular, a numerical code, working with boundary elements, has been applied to the analyzed situations. The results, in terms of pseudo-acceleration response spectra and amplification factors, allow one to compare the numerical and the observed analyses. This comparison shows good agreement and allows one to find some correlations between the geometric characteristics of the sites, the values of the amplification coefficients and the damage mechanism activated.
    Description: Published
    Description: Thessaloniki, Greece
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 4.2. Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica e danno
    Description: open
    Keywords: Topographical amplification ; Monumental buildings ; Damage ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The aim of this work is to produce a prototype of an Integrated Geographic Informative System designed to characterize the seismic vulnerability of the municipalities of the Benevento province. The developed GIS model algorithm is based on a systemic methodology which accounts for interactions among the several factors involved into the system. The implemented algorithm allows to estimate a vulnerability index, which in turn led to the creation of vulnerability maps. This System, which could be enriched with new thematic data will provides the basis for future researches in the field and make available to local decision-makers, agencies and community planners basic information to be used in managing the seismic risk.
    Description: Published
    Description: Centro Congressi Lingotto, Torino
    Description: open
    Keywords: vulnerabilità sismica ; Provincia di Benevento ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: For early-warning applications in particular, the reliability and efficiency of rapid scenario generation strongly depend on the availability of reliable strong ground-motion prediction tools. If shake maps are used to represent patterns of potential damage as a consequence of large earthquakes, attenuation relations are used as a tool for predicting peak ground-motion parameters and intensities. One of the limitations in the use of attenuation relations is that these have only rarely been retrieved from data collected in the same tectonic environment in which the prediction has to be performed. As a consequence, strong ground motion can result in underestimations or overestimations with respect to the recorded data. This also holds for Italy, and in particular for the Southern Apennines, due to limitations in the available databases, both in terms of distances and magnitude. Moreover, for “real-time” early-warning applications, it is important to have attenuation models for which the parameters can be easily upgraded when new data are collected, whether this has to be done during the earthquake rupture occurrence or in the post-event, when all the strong motion waveforms are available. Here we present a strong-motion attenuation relation for early-warning applications in the Campania region (Southern Apennines), Italy. The model has a classical analytical formulation, and its coefficients were retrieved from a synthetic strong-motion database created by using a stochastic approach. The input parameters for the simulation technique were obtained through the spectral analysis of waveforms of earthquakes recorded by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) network for a magnitude range Md (1.5,5.0) in the last fifteen years, and they have been extrapolated to cover a larger range. To validate the inferred relation, comparisons with two existing attenuation relations are presented. The results show that the calibration of the attenuation parameters, i.e., geometric spreading, quality factor Q, static stress drop values along with their uncertainties, are the main concern.
    Description: Published
    Description: 133-152
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: A Strong Motion ; Earlywarning ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the framework of an ongoing project financed by the Campania Region, a prototype system for seismic early and post-event warning is being developed and tested, based on a dense, wide dynamic seismic network (ISNet) and under installation in the Apennine belt region. This paper reports the characteristics of the seismic network, focussing on the required technological innovation of the different seismic network components (data-logger, sensors and data communication). To ensure a highly dynamic recording range, each station is equipped with two types of sensors: a strong-motion accelerometer and a velocimeter. Data acquisition at the seismic stations is performed using Osiris-6 model data-loggers made by Agecodagis. Each station is supplied with two (120 W) solar panels and two 130 Ah gel cell batteries, ensuring 72-h autonomy for the seismic and radio communication equipment. The site is also equipped with a GSM/GPRS programmable control/alarm system connected to several environmental sensors (door forcing, solar panel controller, battery, fire, etc) and through which the site status is known in real time. The data are stored locally on the hard-disk and, at the same time, continuously transmitted by the SeedLink protocol to local acquisition/analysis nodes (Local Control Center) via Wireless LAN bridge. At each LCC site runs a linux Earthworm system which stores and manages the acquired data stream. The real-time analysis system will perform event detection and localization based on triggers coming from data-loggers and parametric information coming from the other LCCs. Once an event is detected, the system will performs automatic magnitude and focal mechanism estimations. In the immediate post-event period, the RISSC performs shaking map calculations using parameters from the LCCs and/or data from the event database. The recorded earthquake data are stored into an event database, to be available for distribution and visualization for further off-line analyses. The seismic network will be completed in two stages: • Deployment of 30 seismic stations along the southern Apennine chain (to date almost completed) • Setting up a carrier-class radio communication system for fast and reliable data transmission, and installation of 10 additional seismic stations.
    Description: Published
    Description: 325 - 341
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Monitoring Infrastructure ; Early-warning Applications ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: One of the main requirements by OPCM 3274 was the transparency of the PSH assessment (to be achieved through the publication of the procedure adopted and the data used) so that anyone would be able to verify the consistency of the results and follow the most updated state-of-the-art. In addition, OPCM 3519 stated that the seismic hazard data had to be made officially available through a dedicated website (http://zonesismiche.mi.ingv.it). The web site supplies the seismic hazard data expressed in terms of peak ground acceleration (ag) with 10% of exceedance probability in 50 years as well as their variability stated in terms of the 16th and 84th percentiles. In addition, the same website can supply even the scientific technical documentation as well as the input data used in such a project. As integration of these contents, a second web site (http://esse1.mi.ingv.it) has been developed with the aim to make available all the information about the organization of the S1 project (work program, tasks organization, list of the deliverables, progress state), underlying the most important results and for an immediate fruition by the project endusers. For this purpose a webGis tool has been carried out to visualize and query interactive hazard maps of the Italian territory, represented through various shaking parameters (values of peak ground acceleration and elastic response spectra for a given T period).
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic Hazard ; Data dissemination ; WebGIS application ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Vengono presentate nuove relazioni empiriche, definite per il territorio italiano, per la stima dell’intensità in un dato sito a partire da informazioni epicentrali o relative a località vicine. Queste relazioni, espresse in forma probabilistica e quindi direttamente utilizzabili per la stima della pericolosità sismica, condividono la stessa formalizzazione e la medesima base informativa. In particolare, sono state seguite tre diverse strategie: le prime due hanno portato alla definizione di una relazione di attenuazione per la stima dell’intensità al sito da dati epicentrali utilizzando una forma parametrica rispettivamente Gaussiana e Binomiale; la terza analisi è stata invece mirata a definire le modalità di “correzione” del valore locale di intensità, dedotto dalle informazioni epicentrali, con dati di risentimenti osservati in località vicine al sito in esame.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: open
    Keywords: attenuation relations ; macroseismic intensity ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; WebGis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: web product
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The last strong earthquake that occurred in the southern Apennines, the Irpinia earthquake on 23 November 1980 (M 6.9), was characterized by a complex rupture mechanism that ruptured three different faults (Bernard and Zollo 1989). This earthquake was well studied, and the quantity of data available has allowed a very detailed definition of the geometry and mechanisms of faults activated during this seismic event (Westaway and Jackson 1987; Pantosti and Valensise 1990). Even more than 20 years after the main event, the seismotectonic environment that contains the fault system on which the 1980 earthquake occurred shows continued background seismic activity including moderate-sized events such as the 1996 (M 5.1), 1991 (M 5.1) and 1990 (M 5.4) events. Moreover, the locations of the microearthquakes (taken from the database of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, INGV) define an epicentral area with a geometry and extent surprisingly similar to that of the 1980 earthquake and its aftershocks (figure 1A). These simple observations suggest that it may be possible to study the preparation cycles of strong earthquakes on active faults by studying the microseismicity between seismic events. With this in mind, a seismic network of large dynamic range was planned and is now in an advanced phase of completion in the southern Apennines. Called ISNet (Irpinia Seismic Network), it is equipped with sensors that can record high-quality seismic signals from both small-magnitude and strong earthquakes, from which it will be possible to retrieve information about the rupture process and try to understand the scaling relationships between small and large events. Due to its high density, wide dynamic range, and advanced data-acquisition and data-transmission technologies, the network is being upgraded to become the core infrastructure of a prototype system for seismic early warning and rapid post-event ground-shaking evaluation in the Campania region, which has seismic hazard that ranks among the highest in Italy (Cinti et al. 2004). ISNet will be devoted to real-time estimation of earthquake location and magnitude and to measuring peak ground-motion parameters so as to provide rapid ground-shaking maps for the whole of the Campania region. The information provided by ISNet during the first seconds of a potentially damaging seismic event can be used to activate several types of security measures, such as the shutdown of critical systems and lifelines (Iervolino et al. 2006). The implementation of a modern seismic network involves many different research and technological aspects related to the development of sophisticated data management and processing. The communication systems need to rapidly generate useful, robust, and secure alert notifications. Here we provide a general technical and seismological overview of ISNet's complex architecture and implementation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 622-634
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seismic Network ; seismic early-warning ; seismic instrumentation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: È ormai ampiamente riconosciuto che la risposta sismica locale ha una sensibile influenza su distribuzione ed amplificazione dello scuotimento sismico e, conseguentemente, sul danneggiamento indotto dai terremoti. Nel lavoro di tesi, dal titolo “Analisi della Risposta Sismica Locale di San Giuliano di Puglia”, il candidato presenta uno studio molto ampio ed approfondito della risposta sismica del centro urbano che rappresenta finora la case history più documentata e significativa in Italia. Il lavoro di ricerca è inquadrato nel “Progetto S3 - Scenari di scuotimento in aree di interesse prioritario e/o strategico” promosso dall’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) per conto del Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC), coordinato dalla Dr.ssa Francesca Pacor (INGV, Milano) e dal Prof. Marco Mucciarelli (Università della Basilicata). Il Progetto di ricerca si pone come obiettivo generale l’analisi di scenari di scuotimento e di danno in alcune aree italiane, nel caso di accadimento del terremoto massimo credibile (Maximum Credible Earthquake). Tra le aree di validazione è individuata quella di San Giuliano di Puglia, particolarmente danneggiato dalla sequenza sismica del Molise nel 2002, il cui vento principale (31 ottobre) è caratterizzato da una magnitudo momento pari a 5.8. Nell’area sono presenti diversi centri abitati, tra i quali San Giuliano di Puglia che, sebbene non fosse meno distante di altri dagli epicentri, è stato quello maggiormente danneggiato. Infatti, dopo gli eventi sismici, a San Giuliano di Puglia è stato osservato un grado di danneggiamento pari al VIII-IX grado sulla base della scala MCS, mentre negli altri Comuni la stima è stata al limite pari al VII (Stucchi et al., 2007). Il motivo di tale discrepanza è da ricercarsi negli importanti fenomeni di amplificazione sismica locale che hanno interessato le aree di più recente costruzione di San Giuliano di Puglia; queste sono state edificate, a partire dagli anni ’40, su un deposito di marne argillose di spessore pari ad alcune centinaia di metri. Tale deposito è a contatto con una formazione flyschoide, affiorante al di sotto del nucleo originario dell’abitato, dove è stato osservato un danneggiamento di grado inferiore. Dopo un’analisi preliminare della letteratura con riferimento a casi di studio nazionali che internazionali di carattere simile, la prima parte del lavoro di ricerca è dedicata allo studio della pericolosità sismica del sito, con riferimento a dati storici e, soprattutto, strumentali, acquisiti nel corso della recente sequenza. A tal fine, sono state analizzate le registrazioni della rete accelerometrica mobile installata da DPC nel centro urbano di San Giuliano di Puglia; tali registrazioni, interpretate in termini di fattori di amplificazione e rapporti spettrali, hanno permesso di verificare amplificazioni sismiche molto elevate nell’intero campo di frequenze in cui può essere ascritto il patrimonio edilizio del paese. Nell’ambito del Task 1 del Progetto S3, sono stati esaminati circa 2000 sismogrammi registrati dalla RAN (Rete Accelerometrica Nazionale) e dalle reti mobili installate nell’area epicentrale alcuni giorni dopo il mainshock. Queste analisi hanno consentito la calibrazione di leggi di attenuazione specifiche per l’area di studio (Luzi et al., 2006) e la simulazione numerica dell’evento del 31 ottobre (Franceschina et al., 2006). La seconda parte della tesi ha riguardato la definizione del modello geologico di sottosuolo per l’analisi di risposta sismica locale. I diversi studi geologici in merito (cfr. Baranello et al., 2003; Melidoro, 2004 e Guerricchio, 2005; Giaccio et al., 2004; Strollo et al., 2006) suggeriscono diverse ipotesi in merito alla morfologia profonda delle formazioni geologiche principali, il flysch di Faeto e le marne argillose di Toppo Capuana. Queste corrispondono, in buona sostanza, a diversi andamenti in profondità del contatto tra formazione argillo-marnosa ed il substrato flyschoide, identificati con altrettanti modelli geometrici di sottosuolo (basin, wedge, anvil). Tale fattore risulta fortemente influente sulla risposta sismica locale alle basse frequenze. Le ipotesi sono state verificate con riferimento ai risultati delle indagini geofisiche profonde, eseguite nell’area di San Giuliano di Puglia nell’ambito del Progetto S3; queste sono consistite in 3 inversioni tomografiche geoelettriche (Piscitelli, 2007), una campagna gravimetrica di dettaglio (Palmieri et al., 2006) e 2 linee sismiche a riflessione (Böhm, 2007). Sempre nell’ambito del Progetto S3, i risultati di queste indagini hanno consentito la costruzione di un modello geologico strutturale 3D dell’area (Caputo et al., 2007). La terza parte ha riguardato la definizione del modello geotecnico di sottosuolo per l’analisi di risposta sismica locale. Si è provveduto alla raccolta ed analisi di tutte le indagini geotecniche eseguite nel centro abitato, con particolare riferimento alla campagna del DPC per conto della Procura di Larino (Baranello et al., 2003), che ha consentito un’adeguata caratterizzazione geotecnica dell’unità argillosa. Durante questa campagna, nel 2003, sono state eseguite 11 prove down-hole e 3 prove cross-hole spinte anche oltre i 30 m di profondità, e, sui campioni di terreno prelevati, diversi laboratori hanno eseguito, oltre alle usuali prove di classificazione, numerose prove di compressione edometrica e isotropa, triassiali non drenate e di taglio torsionale ciclico e dinamico (Silvestri et al., 2006). I parametri meccanici attribuiti all’unità flyschoide provengono invece un’unica prova down-hole, eseguita nel corso della vasta campagna geognostica (2004-5) per la ricostruzione del paese. Il gran numero di sondaggi nell’intero centro urbano ha permesso una descrizione molto dettagliata della stratigrafia delle marne argillose di Toppo Capuana, il cui spessore più superficiale (mediamente fino a circa 10 m di profondità), si presenta caratterizzato da un alto grado di weathering e da un sensibile contrasto di impedenza sismica con le sottostanti argille intatte. L’eterogeneità della stratigrafia in direzione verticale ed orizzontale è stata rappresentata con diversi livelli di dettaglio, cioè assimilando la formazione superficiale ad un materiale omogeneo, oppure suddiviso in due strati, con spessori costanti oppure considerandone la variabilità con criteri geostatistici; tale approccio ha permesso di valutare l’influenza sull’amplificazione delle frequenze medio alte (oltre i 5 Hz) del dettaglio stratigrafico nella caratterizzazione dell’unità argillosa degradata. Nella quarta parte, il candidato presenta i risultati delle simulazioni numeriche 2D agli elementi finiti (codice QUAD4M), eseguite allo scopo di confrontare le diverse ipotesi formulate sull’andamento del bedrock e sulla stratigrafia superficiale, e validarle in base alle registrazioni strumentali. Come moti di riferimento sono state assunte due registrazioni della rete accelerometrica mobile di San Giuliano di Puglia, effettuate sulla formazione flyschoide nel corso degli aftershocks occorsi il 12 novembre (M=5.2) ed il 2 dicembre (M=4.0). Lo scuotimento in superficie simulato dalla modellazione numerica è confrontato, in termini sia di parametri sintetici del moto (accelerazioni di picco, intensità di Housner), sia di spettri di risposta, con le rispettive registrazioni eseguite alla superficie dell’unità argillosa e del flysch. L’ultima parte della tesi descrive lo scenario di scuotimento e di danno nel centro abitato indotto dal mainshock del 31 ottobre. Le simulazioni numeriche dello scuotimento sono state eseguite sui modelli di sottosuolo 2D elaborati lungo una sezione che attraversa l’asse longitudinale del centro urbano e validati nella fase precedente. I parametri del moto sono stati confrontati sia con quelli ottenuti tramite analisi 3D con il metodo degli elementi pseudo-spettrali (FPSM) lungo la medesima sezione (Klin e Priolo, 2007), e raffrontati con le amplificazioni registrate dalle stazioni accelerometriche mobili di San Giuliano di Puglia durante le scosse di assestamento. Le distribuzioni del danno corrispondenti alle analisi 2D e 3D sono state elaborate a partire dallo scuotimento, attraverso una correlazione tra l’intensità di Housner e quella macrosismica, espressa secondo la scala MCS (Mucciarelli et al., 2007). Gli scenari di danno così ottenuti hanno mostrato un buon accordo con quello osservato all’indomani della crisi sismica da Dolce et al. (2004). I risultati degli studi interdisciplinari sul centro urbano di San Giuliano di Puglia hanno quindi rappresentato una favorevole occasione per mettere a punto metodologie di previsione numerica di risposta sismica locale, evidenziandone la sensibilità a fattori geometrici e meccanici. La ricerca ha offerto inoltre la possibilità di esprimere i risultati di tali simulazioni in termini di grandezze significative per la rappresentazione del danno ai manufatti.
    Description: Università della Calabria (Prof. Francesco Silvestri) - DPC-INGV (Progetto S3, 2004-2006 - coordinatori: Dott.ssa F. Pacor e Prof. M. Mucciarelli)
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Risposta Sismica Locale ; Intensità di Housner ; San Giuliano di Puglia ; 2D-FEM (Quad4M) ; Scenari di danno ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: thesis
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Tra tutte le strutture portuali censite all’interno del Programma di Ricerca “Progettazione sismica di strutture portuali marine” si sceglie il porto di Ancona come caso particolare per una valutazione deterministica di pericolosità e rischio sismico. Ancona, infatti, essendo uno dei principali porti in Italia per importanza del volume di scambio, costituisce un caso rappresentativo della situazione italiana per aree a medio-alta pericolosità sismica. Attraverso lo studio del caso di Ancona si é cercato di definire un procedimento per la valutazione del rischio generalmente riproducibile. Infatti, affinché questo metodo di investigazione sia facilmente replicabile per tutti i porti italiani, esso viene articolato a diversi livelli di dettaglio, in funzione dei dati e delle risorse disponibili. Particolare attenzione è stata posta nel valutare l’influenza sulla stima del danno per i diversi livelli di scuotimento. La ricerca viene sviluppata secondo i seguenti punti: i) scelta dell’evento (o degli eventi) di riferimento; ii) stima degli scenari di scuotimento con riferimento a suolo rigido, attraverso valutazioni empiriche e simulazioni avanzate, e valutazione della variabilità dei parametri del moto; iii) valutazione degli effetti di amplificazione geologica, stima del potenziale di liquefazione e dei cedimenti del terreno; iv) individuazione dei fattori per la valutazione del rischio (valutazione combinata di pericolosità , esposizione e vulnerabilità degli elementi) e infine v) valutazione del danno atteso.
    Description: Eucentre, DPC.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: scenari deterministici di scuotimento ; danno porti ; Ancona ; rischio sismico ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this work the results of a quick microtremor survey performed in the municipalities situated in the epicentre area of the Ml 5.2 2004 Salò earthquake (North Italy) are presented. The aim of this study is to understand if the large amount of damage caused by the event (about 215 millions of euros only in the areas near to the epicenter) is correlated more to the local surface geology conditions or to the vulnerability of ancient Italian historical centers. A preliminary seismic zonation was carried out in 5 villages including about 30 measurements of microtremors analysed by the Nakamura technique (hereinafter HVNR). The points of measurement were carefully selected considering sites located both near damaged buildings and over different local geology conditions (alluvium deposits, fluvial-glacial deposits, debris fans and rock). In order to strengthen the HVNR results and to evaluate the reliability of the Nakamura analysis, a comparison with spectral ratios calculated on earthquakes (hereinafter HVSR) recorded at the strong motion station of Vobarno was made. In general, the outcomes of the survey highlight a possible correlation between local geology conditions and ground motion amplification for different frequency bands. In order to check if this evidence is linked with the damage, a series of macroseismic intensities values were collected for different zones of the investigated area, and a non parametric correlation approach was used to establish a possible correlation between damage and ground motion amplification for selected frequency bands. The results show, from a statistical point of view, that in the area surrounding the epicenter of the 24 November 2004 mainshock, the damage pattern is not strongly dependent upon the local surface geology but more correlated to the low quality of the civil structures present in the area, including old buildings of the last century.
    Description: Submitted
    Description: 12-36
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: local surface geology ; HV spectral ratios ; non parametric correlation technique ; Salò earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: manuscript
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We designed a new seismic source model for Italy to be used as an input for country-wide probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) in the frame of the compilation of a new national reference map. We started off by reviewing existing models available for Italy and for other European countries, then discussed the main open issues in the current practice of seismogenic zoning. The new model, termed ZS9, is largely based on data collected in the past 10 years, including historical earthquakes and instrumental seismicity, active faults and their seismogenic potential, and seismotectonic evidence from recent earthquakes. This information allowed us to propose new interpretations for poorly understood areas where the new data are in conflict with assumptions made in designing the previous and widely used model ZS4. ZS9 is made out of 36 zones where earthquakes with Mw 〉= 5 are expected. It also assumes that earthquakes with Mw up to 5 may occur anywhere outside the seismogenic zones, although the associated probability is rather low. Special care was taken to ensure that each zone sampled a large enough number of earthquakes so that we could compute reliable earthquake production rates. Although it was drawn following criteria that are standard practice in PSHA, ZS9 is also innovative in that every zone is characterised also by its mean seismogenic depth (the depth of the crustal volume that will presumably release future earthquakes) and predominant focal mechanism (their most likely rupture mechanism). These properties were determined using instrumental data, and only in a limited number of cases we resorted to geologic constraints and expert judgment to cope with lack of data or conflicting indications. These attributes allow ZS9 to be used with more accurate regionalized depth-dependent attenuation relations, and are ultimately expected to increase significantly the reliability of seismic hazard estimates.
    Description: Published
    Description: 85-108
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seismotectonics ; Seismic source zone model ; Seismic hazard ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: An evaluation of the actual reliability of probabilistic seismic hazard (PSH) assessments, provided by existing numerical techniques, is mandatory to orientate new researches and improvements. Two procedures devoted to this task are proposed, which are based on the comparison of the hazard estimates with empirical observations (e.g. strong-motion data). These procedures have been applied to the estimates provided by the methodology adopted for most recent seismic hazard evaluations in Italy. The analysis shows that a significant mismatch exists between peak ground acceleration values characterized by an exceedence probability of 10 per cent in 30 yr and what has actually been observed at 68 accelerometric stations located on stiff soil, where continuous seismicity monitoring has been performed in the last 30 yr. Although this finding should be considered with caution, it suggests that a future re-examination of the adopted PSH computational model could be useful to avoid possible underestimates of seismic hazard in Italy.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1088–1094
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: probabilistic seismic hazard estimates ; statistical seismology ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 37
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    Unknown
    DEI srl - Tipografia del Genio Civile - Roma
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Viene descritto il percorso metodologico adottato per gli studi di microzonazione sismica nella provincia di Campobasso, colpita dal terremoto del 2002. Questi studi hanno permesso una completa ed omogenea caratterizzazione della geologia, della geomorfologia e delle caratteristiche geotecniche dei terreni di tutti i centri urbani esistenti. Per valutare le azioni sismiche di progetto, da utilizzare nella successiva fase della ricostruzione, sono stati calcolati i fattori di amplificazione sismica locale per aree omogenee del centro abitato. Il prodotto finale dell'attività è stata la redazione delle mappe di microzonazione sismica dei centri abitati.
    Description: Published
    Description: 293
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seismic microzonation ; Molise ; Site effect ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 38
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    CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The fundamental goal of this chapter is to provide a summary of the seismotectonics of the Messina Strait with special reference to the 28th December 1908 earthquake, the bridge Design Earthquake. We summarize what is known about the earthquake, describe the source model that has been used for assessing the bridge design seismic action (see Section 5.2. Seismic hazard and design earthquakes) and discuss some short- and long- term implications of tectonic activity in the area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2-17
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Modelli per la stima della pericolosità sismica a scala nazionale
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Messina Straits Bridge ; 1908 earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Seismogenic stress orientations are estimated in the lithosphere of Sicily by inversion of 131 local earthquake focal mechanisms (FMs) selected from the literature. An average misfit F = 14.5° between stress tensor and FMs indicates that the entire set of earthquakes is generated by a highly heterogeneous stress field. Detailed analysis of stress tensors and related earthquake misfits obtained for tens of subsets based on spatial separation of data allowed us to identify two main stress domains in the study region: (i) a compressional domain, including Etna, western Sicily and the southern Tyrrhenian sea offshore Sicily, where the σ1 orientation roughly changes from NW–SE in the Etna area and western Sicily to NNE–SSW at the northeastern edge of the domain (Eolian Islands) and (ii) an extensional domain in northeastern Sicily between the Eolian Islands and Etna, where σ3 is oriented analogously to previously estimated in the easterly confining extensional area of the Messina Straits. General agreement is found between this stress pattern and the GPS crustal displacement vectors reported in the most recent literature for the study region. Moreover, stress inversion enables us to locate the extensional domain more accurately than the presently available GPS data. Finally, the stress orientations estimated in the southern and western sectors of the study area (Etna and western Sicily on and offshore) match well with the displacement fields predicted for Sicily by large-scale models of plate motion, conversely a mismatch is observed in the northeastern sector (Eolian Islands and northeastern Sicily). We suggest that the joint action of Africa–Eurasia convergence and Ionian subduction trench retreat (rollback of the subducting slab) may explain the stress pattern detected in Sicily in the present study. Work for computation of a finite-element regional geodynamic model based on geophysical and geological data collected over the last few years has recently started with the purpose of quantitatively checking this hypothesis.
    Description: Published
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Crustal seismicity ; Seismogenic stress ; Sicily ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: An anisotropic attenuation law, based on an anisotropic characterization of intensity distribution for seismogenic zones, is proposed. This approach, that distinguishes itself for its consistency to the observed data, initially reconfigured by filtering procedures, is particularly suitable for seismic hazard evaluation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 707-714
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Attenuation law ; virtual intensity distribution ; seismic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A digitization has been performed of all volcanic rock fragments, main thrust fronts and fold axes from the 'Synthetic Structural Kinematic Map' as well as of all intrasedimentary magnetic bodies from the map of Cassano et al. These two maps complement each other, and the buried magnetized bodies fill the gaps of volcanic rocks in various regions e.g. in Tuscany. Some other major gaps can be found along the Northern Apennines, the Central and Southern Apennines and the Calabrian arc. A comparison of a map representing the 'Log C - seismic macrozonation index' to the pattern of all volcanic rocks, reveals that more seismic energy is released in those areas where volcanic rocks are absent or where their continuity in space is interrupted. Furthermore seismic activity is inhibited in those areas where minimum values of Bouguer anomalies are recorded.
    Description: Published
    Description: 165-181
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Bouguer anomalyes, Volcanic rocks ; seismogenesis, geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.04. Gravity anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
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    Type: article
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: - Many people in this room are geologists (in a broad sense!) - Most of them are (directly or indirectly) involved in Seismic Hazard Assessment at national or local level - Geologists are indeed forcing a revolution in SHA practice. Let’s keep up the good work! - I will be supplying some “food for thought” for an ever-growing community that sometimes needs to look back and recalibrate its efforts - They are here because their work relates somehow to Earthquake Geology
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Vienna, Austria, 02-07 april 2006
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic seismic hazard hazard analyses ; geological information ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 43
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    Unknown
    NCGT group - New Concepts in Global Tectonics group
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Short commentary sent to the APRE commission for the Latin American - Europe scientific cooperation
    Description: Analysis of a relocated hypocentres database and of a global volcanic eruptions catalogue has made clear that the South American Pacific margin is a site of peculiar phenomena and related geophysical events. The already known maximum rate of deep earthquakes, the expected mean recurrence time of extreme magnitude earthquakes of a few tens of years, and the closeness of the region to the Nazca triple point – i.e. the region with the maximum rate of sea floor expansion – mean that the Andean margin deserves priority in preparing stable geophysical instrument arrays in anticipation of the next great earthquake, with the aim of increasing our understanding of the real nature of earthquakes, of the real geodynamics of active margins, and of global geodynamics and tectonics
    Description: Published
    Description: 60-68
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: 5.2. TTC - Banche dati di sismologia strumentale
    Description: 5.6. Consulenze nell'ambito di trattati internazionali
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Pacific active margins ; Great earthquakes ; Eruptions rate ; Active margins interpretations ; Global geodynamics ; Expanding Earth ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper presents the results of different numerical analyses (nonlinear dynamic FEM simulations) regarding the monumental buildings in Ripabottoni village (Campobasso, southern Italy), which were damaged by the 2002 Molise earthquake. In particular, the church of S. Maria Assunta, for which typological data and an exhaustive damage survey are available, is taken into account. Some preliminary studies [Spallarossa et al., 2004], which correlate the waveform of the available recordings from aftershocks and the surveyed damage mechanism (due to the crushing of the vertical structural elements), suggested that a feasible explanation for this particular damage pattern does not involve only the intrinsic vulnerability of this type of buildings, but deals also with the high energy content in the high frequency range observed in the vertical component of the seismic events. In order to understand the structural damage patterns surveyed, synthetic accelerograms, representative of the main shock (Ml = 5.4 on 31 October 2002), were computed. The Empirical Green Function (EGF) method was applied to compute the seismic input adopted in the nonlinear dynamic analyses that we performed for the church of S. Maria Assunta. The results confirm that the observed damage pattern cannot totally be put down to the vulnerability of the building, but the particular characteristics of the seismic action played a fundamental role in determining it.
    Description: Published
    Description: 381-409
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Monumental buildings; ; nonlinear dynamic simulations; ; vertical ground motion; ; 2002 Molise earthquake. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this article the implementation and potential of the Seismotectonic Information System of the Campania Region (SISCam) are described, in particular an application of this Web-based GIS system to the seismotectonic analysis of the Sannio area (Southern Apennines) is performed. WEB-GIS technologies greatly contribute to both the environmental monitoring and the disaster management of areas affected by high natural risks. Specifically the SISCam system has been developed with the aim of providing easy access and fast diffusion, through Internet technology, of the most significant geological, geophysical, and territorial data relative to the Campania Region. The Sannio area has been selected as our application example because it is among the most active seismic regions in Italy. This portion of the Southern Apennines which was hit by the June 5, 1688 strong earthquake (MW = 6.7, CPTI 1999) and by some low- and moderate-energy seismic sequences (1990–1992, 1997), is characterized by a complex inherited tectonic setting and low-tectonic deformation rates that hide the seismogenic sources position. Since this case study turned out to be complicated, the use of the SIScam WEB-GIS has become indispensable because it allowed us to visualize, integrate and analyze all the data available, in order to obtain an accurate and direct picture of the seismotectonic setting of the area. Moreover, a different approach of data analysis was necessary, due to the lack of up-todate neotectonic and structural data; therefore, the operation of this GIS system enabled us to process and generate some original informative layers, through image analysis, such as new structural lineaments represented on a map of the potential active faults of the area, which has been the final result of our application, as a contribution to new knowledge about the local seismic risk parameters.
    Description: Published
    Description: on line first
    Description: 5.4. TTC - Sistema Informativo Territoriale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Web-based GIS ; Seismotectonic data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Dipartimento della Protezione Civile
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; Earthquake probabilities ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On the night between 14 and 15 January of 1466, an earthquake damaged towns close to those recently destroyed by the 1980 Irpinia earthquake. It was felt in Naples, about 80 km from the epicentre, resulting in panic and slight damage. To obtain source parameters related to January 15, 1466, the observed macroseismic field of the November 23, 1980 earthquake was reproduced by synthetic peak strong acceleration. The results suggest that the whole of the 1466 faulting was also activated by the 1980 event, and that the northern part remained non-activated. Quite possibly, the near southernmost source of a large earthquake in 1456 affected the occurrence of the event nearby ten years later. Furthermore, the value of Mo=7.5 1018 Nm obtained allows the medieval event in 1466 to number among the most severe recorded in southern Italy.
    Description: Published
    Description: 115-126
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Irpinia Earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; Seismic Risk ; Building code ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Published
    Description: 3.10. Sismologia storica e archeosismologia
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: 5.8. TTC - Formazione e informazione
    Description: open
    Keywords: Earthquake of the Umbria-Marche Apennines ; Historical earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: In the framework of the 2004 reference seismic hazard map of Italy the amplitude of the strong-motion (expressed in terms of Peak Horizontal Acceleration with 10% probability of non-exceedence in 50 years, referred to average hard ground conditions) was computed using different predictive relationships. Equations derived in Italy and in Europe from strong-motion data, as well as a set of weak and strong-motion based empirical predictive relationships were employed in a logic tree procedure, in order to capture the epistemic uncertainty affecting ground-motion attenuation. This article describes the adjustments and conversions required to eliminate the incompatibilities amongst the relations. Particularly significant are distance conversions and style-of-faulting adjustments, as well as the problems related to the use of regional relations, such as the selection of a reference depth, the quantification of random variability and the strong-motion prediction. Moreover, a regional attenuation relationship specific for volcanic areas was also employed, allowing a more realistic evaluation of seismic hazard, as confirmed by the attenuation of macroseismic intensities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 295-316
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: epicentral and Joyner-Boore distance ; epistemic uncertainty, ; predictive relationships ; seismic hazard mapping ; scaling laws ; volcanic regions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the present work I infer the 1D shear-wave velocity model in the volcanic area of Pozzuoli-Solfatara using the dispersion properties of both Rayleigh waves generated by artificial explosions and microtremor. The group-velocity dispersion curves are retrieved from application of the Multiple Filter Technique (MFT) to single-station recordings of air-gun sea shots. Seismic signals are filtered in different frequency bands and the dispersion curves are obtained by evaluating the arrival times of the envelope maxima of the filtered signals. Fundamental and higher modes are carefully recognized and separated by using a Phase Matched Filter (PMF). The obtained dispersion curves indicate Rayleigh-wave fundamental-mode group velocities ranging from about 0.8 to 0.6 km/sec over the 1-12 Hz frequency band. I also propose a new approach based on the autoregressive analysis, to recover group velocity dispersion. I first present a numerical example on a synthetic test signal and then I apply the technique to the data recorded in Solfatara, in order to compare the obtained results with those inferred from the MF analysis Moreover, I analyse ambient noise data recorded at a dense array, by using Aki’s correlation technique (SAC) and an extended version of this method (ESAC) The obtained phase velocities range from 1.5 km/s to 0.3 km/s over the 1-10 Hz frequency band. The group velocity dispersion curves are then inverted to infer a shallow shear-wave velocity model down to a depth of about 250 m, for the area of Pozzuoli-Solfatara. The shear-wave velocities thus obtained are compatible with those derived both from cross- and down-hole measurements in neighbour wells and from laboratory experiments. These data are eventually interpreted in the light of the geological setting of the area. I perform an attenuation study on array recordings of the signals generated by the shots. The  attenuation curve was retrieved by analysing the amplitude spectral decay of Rayleigh waves with the distance, in different frequency bands. The  attenuation curve was then inverted to infer the shallow Q inverse model. Using the obtained velocity and attenuation model, I calculate the theoretical ground response to a vertically-incident SH wave obtaining two main amplification peaks centered at frequencies of 2.1 and 5.4 Hz. The transfer function was compared with those obtained experimentally from the application of Nakamura’s technique to microtremor data, artificial explosions and local earthquakes. Agreement among the transfer functions is observed only for the amplification peak of frequency 5.4 Hz. Finally, as a complementary contribution that might be used for the assessment of seismic risk in the investigated area, I evaluate the peak ground acceleration (PGA) for the whole Campi Flegrei caldera and locally for the Pozzuoli-Solfatara area, by performing stochastic simulations of ground motion, partially constrained by the previously described results. Two different methods (random vibration theory (RVT) and ground motion generated from a Gaussian distribution (GMG)) are used, providing the PGA values of 0.04 g and 0.097 g for Campi Flegrei and Pozzuoli-Solfatara, respectively.
    Description: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
    Description: Published
    Description: open
    Keywords: Solfatara Volcano ; surface wave dispersion ; site effects ; velocity models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: thesis
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A risk management framework has recently been developed to assign priorities for the rehabilitation of school buildings in Italy, and to give timescales within which retrofit or demolition must take place. Since it is not practical to carry out a detailed assessment of the 60,000 Italian state and public schools, the framework is a multiple-level procedure which aims to identify the highest-risk buildings based on filters of increasing detail, and reduces the size of the building inventory at each step. The first risk ranking is based on a strength deficit, which measures the difference between the current design forces defined for the building site and an estimation of the level of seismic resistance which was required at the time of design. The second ranking is based on lateral strength calculations that are already available for a large portion of the Italian masonry building stock, and that are obtained from a survey form that is familiar to Italian engineers. Finally, a simplified displacement-based methodology is used to give a more accurate assessment of seismic risk based on a limited amount of geometrical and material data. The final assessment leads to a capacity ratio and a risk rating, which are used within a transparent procedure to assign priorities for seismic intervention, and timescales within which detailed assessment leading to retrofit or demolition must take place. The first step of the methodology has been applied herein to the school building stock within two Regions in Italy and preliminary results are presented.
    Description: Published
    Description: Beijing, China
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic risk ; school buildings ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Il 31 ottobre 2002 ha avuto inizio la sequenza sismica del Molise, caratterizzata da due eventi principali di moderata magnitudo che si sono succeduti nell’arco di poche ore. Il primo di essi, con magnitudo momento (Mw) pari a 5.7 (Chiarabba et al., 2005), è stato origine del crollo di una parte della scuola elementare “Francesco Jovine” a San Giuliano di Puglia (CB), dove hanno perso la vita 26 bambini e un’insegnante. La zona colpita non risulta essere mai stata sede di eventi paragonabili a quelli delle aree del promontorio del Gargano e della dorsale appenninica molisano-campana che la delimitano a oriente e ad occidente. I terremoti si sono verificati all’interno di un piccolo volume della crosta terrestre, su faglie trascorrenti destre localizzate fra 10 e 25 Km di profondità (Valensise et al., 2004; Chiarabba et al., 2005). La faglia ritenuta causa di questo terremoto sembra essere legata alla faglia della Mattinata, una faglia attiva che taglia il promontorio del Gargano con strutture est-ovest riconosciute sotto gran parte dell’ Appennino Meridionale (Valensise et al., 2004). L’epicentro della scossa del 31 ottobre è stato localizzato nella zona dei Monti Frentani in prossimità del comune di San Giuliano di Puglia. Questo centro urbano, che è risultato quello maggiormente danneggiato (Intensità Macrosismica IMCS=8-9), ha presentato un elevato grado di distruzione con crolli parziali e totali (Valensise et al., 2004). Il sito di San Giuliano di Puglia si trova sulla cima di una collina, su una formazione di calcarenite. Il centro urbano è edificato su una stretta dorsale orientata in direzione NNW-SSE e delimitata da due valli abbastanza incise che circondano tutto l’abitato fino alla loro confluenza, alla quota media di 450 metri s.l.m.. In sommità tale dorsale si presenta abbastanza spianata, con una blanda depressione al centro, una cosiddetta sella morfologica, caratterizzata da un dislivello di circa 10 metri (Puglia, 2007). Il centro storico, situato nella zona meridionale, sorge su una formazione flyschoide ed è risultata l’area meno danneggiata dal sisma; l’area di recente espansione è localizzata nella parte centro-settentrionale, lungo la sella morfologica costituita da terreni a prevalente componente argillosa, ed ha subito il maggior numero di danni. Il contatto tra le due unità principali di Toppo Capuana e flysch di Faeto risulta essere netto e probabilmente di origine tettonica e si presenta con immersione piuttosto ripida in direzione NE in prossimità del centro storico del paese, parte meridionale. La scossa di terremoto principale ha innescato una serie di scosse secondarie che il giorno seguente sono culminate con un altro terremoto di Mw 5.7 (Ml 5.3) (Chiarabba et al., 2005) che ha peggiorato i danni provocati dal precedente evento. Il terremoto del 1 novembre è avvenuto in un’area ubicata più ad ovest della precedente, nei pressi del centro abitato di Ripabottoni (IMCS=7). La sequenza sismica si è poi protratta per circa un mese; gli eventi che l’hanno caratterizzata sono stati registrati dalle stazioni accelerometriche e velocimetriche mobili installate da diversi enti nell’area dopo le scosse principali. A seguito della sequenza sismica molti studi sono stati svolti, sia in ambito scientifico che istituzionale, per caratterizzare e quantificare gli effetti di sito verificatesi nei comuni molisani colpiti dal sisma e in particolare nel Comune di San Giuliano di Puglia. Per effetti di sito si intendono le modifiche in ampiezza, durata e contenuto in frequenza che un moto sismico, relativo ad una formazione rocciosa di base, subisce attraversando gli strati di terreno fino alla superficie (Lanzo,1999). Dopo un terremoto, la loro valutazione degli effetti di sito è un elemento di fondamentale importanza sia per comprendere le possibili cause del danneggiamento osservato sia per pianificare adeguatamente i successivi interventi di ricostruzione. Il Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC), a seguito dell’evento sismico, ha eseguito accurate indagini di tipo geologico, geotecnico e sismico nonché analisi dettagliate della vulnerabilità e del danneggiamento degli edifici nel centro abitato di San Giuliano di Puglia. Questi studi, coordinati dal Servizio Sismico Nazionale (SSN) del DPC, hanno portato alla microzonazione sismica dell’area urbana al fine della ricostruzione del centro abitato. Dettagliati studi di modellazione della risposta sismica locale sono stati svolti nell’ambito del Progetto S3 “Scenari di scuotimento e di danno in aree di interesse prioritario e/o strategico” (Progetto INGV-DPC, 2007). Per il Comune di San Giuliano di Puglia sono stati realizzati modelli 2D e 3D del suolo, utilizzati per riprodurre la sequenza sismica in superficie per una vasta area. I risultati hanno evidenziato forti amplificazioni, le cui caratteristiche sono determinate dall’elevato contrasto di impedenza sismica tra le formazioni del flysch e delle argille e dalle caratteristiche geometriche della sella morfologica. Oltre che con modelli teorici, gli effetti di sito a San Giuliano di Puglia sono stati indagati attraverso metodi empirici utilizzando le registrazioni delle reti sismiche temporanee installate a seguito degli principali eventi del 2002. Attraverso la tecnica dei rapporti spettrali standard (SSR) tra le componenti delle registrazioni provenienti da stazioni poste nella parte centrale dell’abitato di San Giuliano di Puglia rispetto a quelle di due stazioni di riferimento su roccia, Cara et al. (2005) hanno valutato le frequenze e le durate dell’amplificazione del moto sismico. I dati osservati hanno mostrato significative amplificazioni ad alta frequenza (〉2Hz), le quali si mantengono invariate al di sopra della zona argilloso-marnosa; al contrario, il livello di amplificazione diminuisce nella parte corrispondente al centro storico di San Giuliano di Puglia, situato sulla formazione calcarea. Le amplificazioni osservate hanno mostrato andamenti molto complessi sia nel dominio del tempo che della frequenza: picchi di massima amplificazione a frequenze di circa 2 Hz appaiono nei primi secondi successivi all’arrivo dell’onda S, l’amplificazione si protrae nel tempo (circa 10 sec) raggiungendo frequenze maggiori ma attenuandosi in ampiezza. Strollo et al. (2007) hanno adottato la tecnica dei rapporti spettrali a singola stazione (HVSR), calcolando il rapporto tra la componente orizzontale e verticale di registrazioni accelerometriche raccolte in vari punti del paese. Questa indagine ha messo in evidenza una forte amplificazione del moto orizzontale in un sito posto vicino alla scuola di San Giuliano di Puglia, con una pronunciata espressione lungo la componente est-ovest. Ulteriori osservazioni, a nord dell’abitato di San Giuliano di Puglia, non hanno mostrato significative amplificazioni nel rapporto spettrale. Inoltre al sito posto a sud dell’area della scuola di San Giuliano di Puglia sono stati calcolati i rapporti spettrali su registrazioni di rumore sismico ambientale (NHVSR), applicando la tecnica empirica di Nakamura (1989). I rapporti NHVSR sono stati calcolati a partire dalla rotazione delle componenti del segnale sismico, mettendo in evidenza una direzione preferenziale dell’amplificazione del noise sismico, confermando la disparità di amplificazione sulle componenti nord-sud ed est-ovest rilevata negli HVSR calcolati sui terremoti. Lo scopo di questo lavoro di tesi si è basato sull’applicazione del metodo empirico HVSR a partire dai segnali degli eventi sismici della sequenza del Molise del 2002 registrati dalle reti temporanee installate all’interno dell’abitato di San Giuliano di Puglia. La prima fase operativa del lavoro è stato il reperimento di tutte le registrazioni sismiche e velocimetriche disponibili per il comune di San Giuliano di Puglia, effettuate da enti che avevano posizionato reti temporanee a seguito della scossa principale del 31 ottobre 2002, in periodi differenti. I dati utilizzati in questa tesi sono le registrazioni provenienti dall’ Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, sedi di Roma e Milano, l’Università della Basilicata e il Dipartimento della Protezione Civile. Successivamente sono state reperite le informazioni relative agli eventi sismici della sequenza che hanno dato luogo alle registrazioni, ottenute integrando i dati raccolti precedentemente in Cara et al. (2005) e quelli del bollettino sismico del Centro Nazionale Terremoti-INGV (www.ingv.it). È stato quindi realizzato un database inserendo le informazioni mancanti relative ai parametri focali di tutti gli eventi sismici dal 4 novembre 2002 al 29 novembre 2003 in modo da associarle ai dati relativi alle registrazioni sismiche. Per ogni data set di registrazioni raccolte da ciascun ente, è stato necessario reperire ed organizzare le informazioni relative alla strumentazione utilizzata per registrare i terremoti. Alla fine della raccolta di tutte le informazioni, il dataset utilizzato in questo lavoro è risultato composto di 208 eventi e relative registrazioni (1875). La seconda fase ha avuto come obiettivo quello di uniformare tutte le registrazioni sismiche in uno stesso formato. Per effettuare questa operazione sono state sviluppate alcune routine nell’ambiente di programmazione MatlabÒ. Come formato finale dei dati è stato scelto il formato realizzato nel Progetto INGV-DPC S6 (Luzi and Sabetta, 2006). Tale formato è composto da un file ASCII contenente 43 righe di intestazione seguite da una colonna di valori inerenti all’ampiezza del segnale di una singola componente del moto sismico. Una volta ottenuti i dati nello stesso formato si è passati all’analisi dei dati stessi con lo scopo finale di ottenere i rapporti spettrali HVSR sulle tracce di ogni stazione, sempre utilizzando delle routine create in MatlabÒ. In prima battuta è stato effettuato un processing dei segnali sismici eseguendo alcune operazioni numeriche (ad esempio detrending, filtraggio e tapering) e la correzione strumentale delle tracce tenendo presente le caratteristiche dei differenti acquisitori e sensori. Una volta ottenute le tracce corrette, per ognuno dei 208 eventi sismici è stato individuato il tempo d’arrivo della fase S attraverso l’operazione di picking, in modo da poter scegliere la finestra d’analisi. Dopo aver calcolato e memorizzato le tracce delle componenti orizzontali del moto ruotate con passo di 5°, sono stati restituiti gli spettri del segnale calcolati su una finestra d’analisi lunga 5 secondi a partire dall’onda S. Infine, per ogni evento, sono stati calcolati i rapporti spettrali HVSR per ogni azimuth di rotazione, prima di ottenere le medie degli HVSR su tutti gli eventi. Con le medie ottenute sono stati realizzati dei polarigrammi che riassumono la direzionalità e il contenuto in frequenza delle amplificazioni. I rapporti spettrali HVSR calcolati per ogni azimuth sono stati utilizzati per evidenziare le direzioni preferenziali di amplificazione in tutti i punti di osservazione lungo il particolare assetto geologico e strutturale che si ritrova nel Comune di San Giuliano di Puglia. I valori ricavati da queste ultime analisi hanno mostrato che i valori dei picchi HVSR ricadono in un intervallo di frequenza compreso tra 2.0 e 8.2 Hz. Inoltre i picchi HVSR evidenziano significative amplificazioni per quelle stazioni che si trovano nella parte centrale dell’abitato di San Giuliano di Puglia al di sopra della formazione argillosa e dei depositi detritici; al contrario le stazioni che si trovano sulla formazione calcarea non evidenziano forti amplificazioni. Analizzando i polarigrammi degli HVSR, si può dedurre che nei siti relativi alle stazioni posizionate sulla formazione calcarea non è presente una direzione di amplificazione preferenziale, la quale invece è evidente per i siti delle stazioni posizionate sui depositi argilloso-sabbiosi. Inoltre confrontando i valori degli azimuth, compresi tra 100° e 160° N, con la carta topografica e quella geologica si osserva che la direzione dell’amplificazione coincide con quella dell’asse della sella morfologica su cui è posizionato il paese di San Giuliano di Puglia (direzione NNW-SSE). Questo porta ad ipotizzare che la presenza della sella morfologica e il contrasto d’impedenza tra le formazioni litologiche inducono una focalizzazione del campo sismico longitudinalmente al centro abitato di San Giuliano di Puglia. In conclusione, il presente lavoro di tesi ha contribuito ad aumentare le conoscenze sugli effetti di sito che si sono manifestati in occasione degli eventi sismici del 2002 al sito di San Giuliano di Puglia. Uno dei contributi maggiori è stata l’ampia e completa raccolta di tutte le registrazioni sismiche effettuate all’interno dell’abitato di San Giuliano di Puglia, organizzando ed omogeneizzando i dati provenienti da differenti fonti. Questa operazione, effettuata per la prima volta su tali dati, ha permesso di evidenziare fenomeni dovuti alla complessità tridimensionale del sito analizzato, pur applicando un metodo d’analisi (il rapporto spettrale HVSR) abitualmente impiegato per spiegare caratteristiche monodimensionali degli effetti di sito.
    Description: Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca (Relatore G.B. Crosta) Progetto DPC-INGV (2004-2006) Scenari di scuotimento e di danno in arre di interesse prioritario e/o strategico
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: effetti di sito, dati velocimetrici, anisotropia ; stime empiriche effetti di sito ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: thesis
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  • 55
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    Seismological Society of America
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The evaluation of seismic hazard over wide territories is a basic tool for planning activities aimed at earthquake damage mitigation. This is commonly performed through probabilistic approaches based on the statistical analysis of past seismicity. Among these, due to its wide application worldwide, the Cornell-McGuire approach (Cornell 1968; McGuire 1978) has become a kind of “standard” methodology for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA). In Italy, several national seismic hazard maps were produced in recent years (Slejko et al. 1998; Albarello et al. 2000; MPS Working Group 2004) by following this procedure as implemented by Bender and Perkins (1987). Yet despite its widespread application, this standard methodology presents severe drawbacks due to its strong sensitivity to some ill-defined aspects, such as geometry of seismic sources, attenuation of ground motion with distance from the source, completeness of available seismic catalogs, etc. Moreover, this kind of approach does not allow the full exploitation of a large amount of documentary data available at the site about the seismic effects of past earthquakes (Albarello and Mucciarelli 2003). Another drawback is that the standard approach was developed with the assumption that the seismicity database used to feed the computational model is constituted by instrumental data (magnitude, epicentral locations, etc.). However, in many countries (first and foremost, Italy) the bulk of the seismic database is constituted by macroseismic data, and thus the application of the standard method requires a “forcing” of macroseismic information into a para-instrumental format. But macroseismic information is not isomorphic to instrumental data since intensity values are discrete, ordinal, and range-limited. This implies that, in principle, mathematical formalizations suitable to instrumental information cannot be used to manage macroseismic data (see, e.g., Pasolini et al. 2008a, 2008b). To overcome some of these difficulties and to better exploit available information, probabilistic hazard evaluations based on observed intensity data were performed in Europe (Monachesi et al. 1994; Papoulia and Slejko 1997; Azzaro et al. 1999; Albarello et al. 2002) and Japan (Bozkurt et al. 2007) using alternative numerical procedures. An apparent limitation of these studies is the fact that PSH estimates are provided in terms of intensity, and this conflicts with the fact that ground acceleration still remains the traditional output of PSHA devoted to seismic design. However, a new interest has recently grown around macroseismic intensity. In fact, when damage scenarios and post-earthquake emergency planning are of concern, hazard assessment in terms of intensity as ground-shaking measure may be more suitable than conventional estimates based on instrumental parameters (PGA, etc.). A further possible advantage of these kinds of approaches is that they provide hazard evaluations completely independent from the standard ones and more directly linked to empirical observations (local seismic history). Thus, they could represent a useful benchmark for a direct assessment of reliability of traditional PSH estimates (Mucciarelli et al. 2000, 2006, 2008; Bozkurt et al. 2007). In this paper we present the computer program SASHA (Site Approach to Seismic Hazard Assessment), which implements the intensity-based PSHA procedure originally proposed by Magri et al. (1994) and then improved by Albarello and Mucciarelli (2002). It relies on the analysis of the site seismic history, i.e., the dataset of seismic effects (macroseismic intensities) documented during past earthquakes at a given locality. This methodology (hereafter, site approach) has been specifically developed to handle macroseismic data, and thus both the peculiar nature of intensity values (discrete, ordinal, range-limited) and relevant uncertainty (ill-defined intensity values, completeness of site seismic history, etc.) are taken into account by a coherent statistical approach that does not require any assumption about earthquake recurrence model and seismic source geometry. Furthermore, no aftershock removal is required in advance and epicentral data are only considered to integrate (when necessary) felt data at the site. Several PSHA studies have been performed in the last decade in Italy using different versions of the site approach (Mucciarelli et al. 2000; Albarello et al. 2002; D’Amico and Albarello 2003; Albarello, Azzaro et al. 2007; Azzaro et al. 2008). SASHA’s theoretical background is briefly outlined in the next section of the paper. Then, we describe the most important features of SASHA along with a sample application to the Italian area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 663-671
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: computational code ; probabilistic seismic hazard assessment ; intensity data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: Remote sensing techniques have revealed a suitable monitoring tool to provide data useful for disaster studies. They allow the quick detection of damage and building collapses due to earthquakes, especially in remote areas or where the infrastructures are not well developed to ensure the necessary communication exchanges. In particular, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensor is widely used in environmental studies due to its characteristics which allow a fairly synoptic view in almost completely weather and time independent conditions. The spatial resolution of satellite optical sensors is rapidly increasing in the last few years, reaching less than 1 meter (IKONOS and QuickBird satellites) and thus becoming a reliable tool for detecting changes of individual buildings. The combined use of optical satellite images, either at medium and high spatial resolution, and SAR data has been investigated. The results concerning the case studies of Bam and Izmit earthquakes are reported in this paper. Moreover, a comparison between the damage assessment obtained by satellite image analysis and ground survey is also shown.
    Description: IEEE
    Description: Published
    Description: Paris
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: open
    Keywords: SAR ; damage detection ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: The overall aim of Sub-Project 10 (Earthquake disaster scenario predictions and loss modelling for urban areas) has been to create a tool, based on state-of-the-art loss modelling software, to provide strong, quantified statements about the benefits of a range of possible mitigation actions, in order to support decision-making by urban authorities for seismic risk mitigation strategies. A further larger aim has been to contribute to a seismic risk mitigation policy for future implementation at European level. Among the European cities for which loss estimation studies have been carried out are Istanbul, Lisbon and Thessaloniki, and tools, using GIS mapping, have been developed by research teams in each of these cities; these were made available for further development to examine mitigation strategies within SP10. Related research studies – on ground motion estimation, on the assessment of human casualties, and on the evaluation of uncertainty have been carried out by other research teams across Europe which includes INGV, UCAM and USUR respectively. In all three of the cities, a common general approach to loss modelling has been adopted which includes representing the earthquake hazard as a set of alternative ground motion scenarios (typically those with an expected recurrence periods of 50 and 500 years), and applying the ground motion over a target area of known population and building stock. Losses have then been estimated for this target area in terms of levels of building damage and human casualties expected both in the existing state of the target area, and after certain selected potential mitigation actions have been carried out. This has been done in each case using building stock classifications and vulnerability data specific to the particular city concerned. In each case the scope of the proposed mitigation action has been described, and its expected benefit in terms of reduced losses and human casualties has been determined with some preliminary assessment of uncertainty.
    Description: LessLoss - Risk Mitigation for Earthquakes and Landslides, SP10 "Earthquake Scenarios, Loss Modelling and Mitigation for Urban Areas" (coord. R.Spence). EC Project -Sixth Framework Programme. Priority 1.1.6.3 - Global Change and Ecosystems, Project No.:GOCE-CT-2003-505488
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: shaking scenarios ; Istanbul ; Lisbon ; Thessaloniki ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: Poster realizzato per la riduzione dei rischi naturali
    Description: Questo poster descrive i comportamenti da tenere in caso di terremoto a scuola, a casa e all'aperto; in caso di maremoto, in zona costiera, sulla spiaggia e in mare.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5.8. TTC - Formazione e informazione
    Description: open
    Keywords: Comportamenti in caso di terremoto ; Comportamenti in caso di maremoto ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: Si tratta dei pannelli realizzati per la mostra
    Description: Vulcani: Esplosioni ed effusioni Festival della Scienza di Genova 2007 Palazzo Ducale – Sottoporticato, Genova Una nuova mostra interattiva delll’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vucanologia, alla scoperta dei segreti del nostro pianeta e del mondo spettacolare dei vulcani. Organizzato come un “racconto”, è un lungo viaggio dalla nascita Terra ad oggi che aiuta a comprendere il ruolo fondamentale dei vulcani nella storia del nostro pianeta. Inizia con una proiezione 3d seguita da un filmato spettacolare e coinvolgente di eruzioni vulcaniche. Nella mostra si incontrano poi un grande modello di vulcano che può essere “acceso” in modalità interattiva, producendo un’eruzione esplosiva con gran fragore, sezioni di vulcano per scoprire “cosa c’è sotto”, plastici associati ad una speciale proiezione che permette di visualizzare sia l’eruzione sia l’interno del vulcano. E ancora rocce vulcaniche e un laboratorio per esperienze guidate, per capire il meccanismo che provoca l’eruzione, studiando il legame tra gas, pressione ed esplosione, anche utilizzando ulteriori modellini di vulcano. Il fatto che spesso le eruzioni vulcaniche siano accompagnate da attività sismica ci introduce alla parte finale della mostra, dedicata ai terremoti. L’obiettivo complessivo della mostra è quello di comunicare e far comprendere l’importanza del lavoro di ricerca e di controllo che svolge l’INGV e il riflesso che questo ha nella vita di ciascuno di noi. Si tratta, in sostanza, di “raccontare” le attività scientifiche svolte dall’Istituto inquadrandole dal punto di vista del visitatore.
    Description: Con i contributi dell’Associazione per il Festival della Scienza e del Dipartimento della Protezione Civile
    Description: Published
    Description: 5.8. TTC - Formazione e informazione
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mostra Vulcani ; Festival della Scienza di Genova 2007 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A modelling of the observed macroseismic intensity of historical and instrumental earthquakes in southern Spain is proposed, with the aim of determining the macroseismic parameters for seismic hazard evaluation in a region in which the characterization of intensity distribution of seismic events shows different levels of difficulty referable to the complex faults system of the area in study. The adopted procedure allows an analytical determination of epicenters and principal attenuation directions of earthquakes with a double level of verification with reference to the maximum shaking area and structural lineaments of the region, respectively. The analyses, carried out on a suitable number of events, highlight, therefore, some elements for a preliminary characterization of a seismic zonation on the basis of the consistency between seismic intensity distribution of earthquakes and corresponding structural framework.
    Description: Published
    Description: 747-760
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Attenuation directions ; southern Spain ; macroseismic intensity ; virtual intensity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The ground motion observation during an earthquake shows some similarity laws, whatever the distance of the observation or the seismic source magnitude. This feature appears in a particular shape of the record spectrum called ``omega square''. Under some simplifying assumptions, obtaining such a spectral shape, in a kinematic approach, needs a slip distribution with a spectrum inversely proportionnal to the squared radial wavenumber, in the case of a constant velocity rupture associated with an instantaneous slip rise time. The numerical model developped in this thesis is based on a limited number of parameters as magnitude and stress drop. Associating this self similary kinematic rupture process to the isochrone concept and ray theory, the computation of the broad band S wave synthetics becomes feasible, at any distance from the fault. Nevertheless, the directivity effect of the rupture generated by such a model produces, as classical models, large amplification factors at high frequencies which are not observed. The observation of spectra recorded during the Landers earthquake (1992) leads to a speculative interpretation of the directivity effect degradation at high frequencies obtained by a perturbation of the rupture direction at small wavelengths. A new model is developped in order to take into account this effect. This last model is used for an application to the seismic risk in the case of the Lambesc earthquake (1909). A parametric study is achieved, which provides response spectra for a specific site and a mapping of the seismic hazard associated to the fault in the region. Finally, the similarity concept is applied to the small earthquakes summation technique to obtain the effect expected for a large one. This approach, in comparison with classical approaches, is not limited in high frequencies and allows to reconstruct more easily the intermediate frequency domain.
    Description: This thesis has been funded by the Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières.
    Description: Published
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic hazard ; slip distribution ; kinematic ; strong ground motion ; directivity ; empirical Green's function ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: thesis
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The anisotropic modelling of intensity distribution, affected by the construction of macroseismic planes, allows an analysis of the influence of each point of observed intensity on the analytical determination of epicenter and of the principal attenuation directions. Such a procedure is a vital aid in the cases in which the observed intensity points, that, for location or joined intensity level, are not consistent with an anisotropic model of intensity attenuation. A suitable filtering on intensity levels associated with the points of the intensity map, for a better modelling of observed intensity distribution, is proposed with the aim of a better seismic hazard evaluation
    Description: Published
    Description: 683-697
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Macroseismicity ; observed intensity filtering ; macroseismic planes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Peloritani Mountains in northeastern Sicily make part of the Appennine-Maghrebian Chain, which forms the highly deformed southern margin of the European Continent. In this zone the NW–SE-striking ‘Aeolian-Tindari-Giardini’ System (ATG) separates two areas of seismicity. To the west of the ATG fault system, seismic activity below a depth of 40 km is essentially absent. To the east of this fault system,we note a significant presence of intermediate depth and deep events, which mark the subduction zone in the Calabrian Arc. Between 1994 and 2003 300 microearthquakes could be located with fair accuracy near the ATG fault system. Their depths range from less than 5 to 40 km, with greater depths occurring to the east of the ATG.We examined the resolution capability of the standard location by applying a grid search location for typical events. The distribution of the residuals shows trends recognizable in the standard locations that are in part an artefact of a non-ideal conditions of the standard locations, such as the station configuration, the use of an unsuitable velocity model and inconsistencies of arrival time pickings. By applying relative location techniques (the double-difference method and a master-event technique) we were able to reduce the scatter of hypocentres significantly. We focused in particular on earthquake families with similar waveforms and estimated the geometrical extent of hypocentre clusters. Compared to the standard location the dispersion of hypocentres decreased by an amount of over 90 per cent and the volume occupied by the foci contracted to 1 per cent. The significance of these geometries was tested with Monte Carlo experiments and by interchanging the master events. The cluster geometries are consistent with the dislocation patterns as inferred from fault-plane solutions but do not show a simple relation to the ATG. The role of fluid flow of plutonic origin may be invoked as a possible trigger mechanism. This hypothesis is supported by the presence of geothermal anomalies in the vicinity as well as by an upward migration trend in foci.
    Description: Published
    Description: 225-237
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: cross-correlation ; earthquake swarms ; focal mechanism ; grid search location ; master-event technique ; relative location ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In any probabilistic seismic hazard assessment an important role is played by the seismicity rates. This is confirmed by the wide and controversial discussions about the procedures for their determination: Gutenberg and Richter distribution vs independent rates in every magnitude class ; size of binned magnitude class; the fitting algorithm to use (least squares or maximum likelihood); and so on. In 2004 a new probabilistic seismic hazard map of Italy, named MPS04 (MPS04 Working Group, 2004), was released adopting a logic tree approach for exploring the alternative epistemic choices (Fig. 1). For seismogenic zonation (ZS9, MPS04 Working Group, 2004) (Fig. 2) and catalogue (CPTI04; CPTI04 Working Group, 2004) no alternative models were explored.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Geneva, Switzerland
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic hazard assessment ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 65
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    Seismological Society of America
    In:  Convertito, V., and A. Herrero (2004). Influence of focal mechanism in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 94, no. 6, 2124–2136.
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The influence of style-of-faulting on strong groundmotions has been the subject of debate for some time. Although some controversy persists, the general consensus is that ground motions produced by reverse faults are higher than those produced by normal faults, whereas motions from strike-slip faults are somewhere in between. In a recent article, Convertito and Herrero (2004) derived a correction factor for focal mechanism to be applied to predictive equations. This issue was previously addressed by Bommer et al. (2003). Although this article is cited by Convertito and Herrero, it seems that its aims and scope were not well understood, and we would therefore like to clarify what the method presented therein entails, especially because we feel that Convertito and Herrero’s approach of characterizing focal mechanisms based solely on the radiation pattern is difficult to justify. After presenting their correction scheme, Convertito and Herrero go on to present an implementation of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) explicitly accounting for focal mechanism. This represents a real innovation in terms of methodology because it allows propagation of the improvements in ground-motion prediction gained through the focal-mechanism adjustments to hazard estimation. Characterizing the dominant scenario in terms of focal mechanism furthermore has the advantage of providing constraints for numerical simulations that are derived directly from the hazard computation, rather than from arbitrary assumptions. However, in our opinion, the methodology presented by Convertito and Herrero has some serious shortcomings which would need to be addressed before it can lead to improvements of the PSHA methodology. Our discussion includes a comparison with the new Italian seismic hazard map, which was derived using the Bommer et al. (2003) adjustment methodology.
    Description: Published
    Description: 750-753
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: strong ground-motions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: L'ampiezzà de1 moto del suolo, ed il suo contenuto in frequenza, alla súpeúcie della TerIa dípede dale caratte stiche della, sorgente sismica e dalle proprietà meccaniche del úezzo in cui si propagano le onde sismiche. In pa.rtico lare, gli strati pmssimi alla superficie possono modifrcare in modo sigdficativo il segnale sismlco. InJatti la presenza, di uno strato con un fo e contraato di im pedenza, spetto ad un basarnento sottostànte prÌò indurc etretti di risonanza alterando sensibilmente il livelo di anpiezza, il conterùto in Îrequenza e la, durata delle oscilla.zioni del suolo. Un esempio estîemo di questo fenomeno è stato evidenziatoi n occasiored el terremoto di Michoacan,M essico,d el 1985.Q uesto evento, pur essendo a-r.venuto ad alcune centinaia di chilometri da.lla capitale, ha, eccitato con il pe.iodo proprio di oscillnzioÈe( cilca 2 secondi)i depositi di riempimento di un antico lago prosciugato, su cui è costruita parte di Città, del Messico, pmvocaùdo iI crollo di nurerosi edifici e misliaia di morti (Singh et al., 1988
    Description: Published
    Description: Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Roma
    Description: 4.2. Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica e danno
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A prototype system for earthquake early warning and rapid shake map evaluation is being developed and tested in southern Italy based on a dense, dynamic seismic network (accelerometers + seismometers) under installation in the Apenninic belt region (Irpinia Seismic Network). It can be classified as a regional Earthquake Early Warning System consisting of a broad-based seismic sensor network covering a portion or the entire area which is threatened by the quake's strike. The real time magnitude estimate will take advantage from the high spatial density of the network in the source region and the broad dynamic range of installed instruments. Based on the offline analysis of high quality strong-motion data bases recorded in Italy, several methods are envisaged, using different observed quantities (peak amplitude, dominant frequency, square velocity integral, …) to be measured on seismograms, as a function of time, both on P and early-S wave signals. Results from the analysis of the Italian strong motion database point out the possibility of using low-pass filtered displacement and velocity peak amplitudes measured in time windows lasting less than 3-4 sec after the first P- or S-wave arrivals. These parameters show they are robustly correlated with moment magnitude. The correlation found of 3Hz low-pass filtered PGV and PGD with magnitude is discussed and interpreted in terms of plausible dynamic models of the earthquake rupture process during its initial stage.
    Description: Published
    Description: 45-63
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Real-time Estimation ; Magnitude ; Seismic Early Warning ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: Viene presentato il codice di calcolo SASHA che implementa l’approccio probabilistico proposto da Albarello e Mucciarelli (2002) alla stima della pericolosità sismica in termini di intensità macrosismica. Elemento chiave della metodologia è la storia sismica locale, ovvero i risentimenti documentati al sito dei terremoti passati eventualmente integrati da risentimenti “virtuali” dedotti a partire da dati epicentrali. La procedura (approccio “di sito”), appositamente sviluppata per l’analisi di dati di intensità, consente di utilizzare in modo formalmente corretto la grande quantità di informazioni macrosismiche disponibili in paesi come l’Italia. Oltre al presente testo, nel quale è descritto in dettaglio l’utilizzo del programma (metodologia, opzioni di calcolo, formato dei file di input/output), vengono allegati l’eseguibile di SASHA e un esempio dei file di input (catalogo epicentrale e dei risentimenti macrosismici, elenco di località) e output.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: computational code ; seismic hazard assessment ; intensity data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A new hazard model for Italy has recently been proposed; hazard maps have been produced for various return periods, allowing the values of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral accelerations for response periods up to 2 s to be interpolated for each of the 8,101 Italian municipalities. The new model allows for a more refined definition of the hazard in each municipality as compared to the current use of a fixed spectral shape anchored to upper bound 475-year PGA values and scaling factors for different return periods. The aim of this work is to investigate, in a preliminary fashion, the implications that the adoption of the new return-period dependent hazard maps would have on design and assessment of structures. To this end, the seismic performance of reinforced concrete frames of varying height is evaluated assuming they were located in each of the 8,101 municipalities in Italy and the results obtained with the current and the new hazard model are compared. The new model is shown to result in lower seismic risk in the majority of the municipalities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 89-118
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; Response Spectra ; Vulnerability assessment ; Risk assessment ; Reinforced concrete buildings ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A seismic hazard map, with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years in terms of macroseismic intensity, is proposed for the Italian territory. The input elements used to evaluate the seismic hazard are: the seismogenic zoning ZS9, the earthquake catalogue CPTI04, the historical and statistical completeness. These elements are those used in MPS04 (Gruppo di Lavoro MPS, 2004). Two new intensity attenuation models were used: 1) a set of regional relationships derived from a previous cubic model (Berardi et al., 1993) which has been recalibrated (Gómez Capera, 2006); 2) a relationship obtained with a new approach (Pasolini et al., 2006). The intensity attenuation models were obtained using the macroseismic intensity database, which was used for compiling CPTI04. The computer code adopted to evaluate the seismic hazard, with the elements cited above, is SeisRisk III, which has been modified to be used with macroseismic intensity data, i.e. allowing to consider the normal distribution of the residuals. A logic tree approach has been used to explore some possible alternatives of epistemic character.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic hazard ; macroseismic data ; intensity attenuation ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Lo scopo del deliverable 6 è la realizzazione di uno studio di fattibilità per la valutazione dell’accelerazione e degli spettri di risposta per diversi suoli per l’intero territorio nazionale. L’obiettivo è stato raggiunto attraverso l’applicazione dei criteri attuativi della normativa (europea o italiana) seguendo l’approccio proposto nel progetto GNDT-INGV Terremoti probabili in Italia tra l'anno 2000 e il 2030: elementi per la definizione di priorità degli interventi di riduzione del rischio sismico (programma quadro 2000 – 2002). La mappa di pericolosità MPS04 utilizzata è stata quella calcolata con risoluzione di 0.02 gradi, che ha permesso di interpolare i valori del picco di accelerazione fino ad ottenere una mappa di pericolosità con risoluzione di 250m da integrare con la mappa geologica alla scala 1:500.000. Il Dipartimento della Protezione Civile ha fornito di recente la copertura geologica alla scala 1:100.000 del territorio italiano in formato vettoriale, che ha reso possibile la selezione di alcune aree campione per stabilire l’attendibilità dei risultati derivanti dall’utilizzo della mappa alla scala 1:500.000 rispetto alla scala 1:100.000. I prodotti forniti al termine dell’attività di ricerca sono i seguenti: 1) mappa del picco di accelerazione al suolo con probabilità di eccedenza del 10% in 50 anni, in cui l’effetto di sito è valutato applicando i coefficienti moltiplicativi proposti dalla normativa europea (EuroCode8 provisions, EC8, Maggio 2002) alla mappa di pericolosità MPS04; 2) mappa del picco di accelerazione al suolo con probabilità di eccedenza del 10% in 50 anni, in cui il calcolo dell’effetto di sito è valutato applicando i coefficienti moltiplicativi proposti dai criteri attuativi della normativa italiana (D.M. Infrastrutture e Trasporti 14/09/2005, G.U. 23/09/2005 n. 222) alla mappa di pericolosità MPS04; 3) selezione di quattro aree campione nelle quali è stato effettuato il confronto tra la cartografia alla scala 1:500.000 (SGI, 1984) e 1:100.000 (progetto CARG) in termini di differenza tra classi litotecniche. Scopo del confronto è l’individuazione della risoluzione ottimale della cartografia geologica in modo tale da fornire una stima della pericolosità calibrata sulle condizioni locali.
    Description: Progetto DPC-INGV S1 “Proseguimento della assistenza al DPC per il completamento e la gestione della mappa di pericolosità sismica prevista dall'Ordinanza PCM 3274 e progettazione di ulteriori sviluppi”
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: site effects ; hazard map ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the last years the remote sensing techniques have been demonstrated a suitable monitoring tool for providing data useful for disaster mitigation. In particular, in case of strong earthquake, the rapid detection of damaged buildings and infrastructures has assumed an important role for the civil protection rescue activities. Moreover, the damage assessment can help the redevelopment process of the hit area. The Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is widely used in environmental studies thanks to its peculiarities which allow a fairly synoptic view in almost completely weather and time independent conditions. SAR has been revealed a powerful instrument for change detection and damage evaluation purpose. In particular, interferometric features like the InSAR phase coherence and the intensity correlation of multi-look images collected before and after an earthquake have been used in previous works to detect and quantify changes in built-up area. On the other side, optical sensors have also been successfully used for damage estimation. Thanks to the strong increase of their spatial resolution, reaching to less than 1 meter per pixel, the new optical sensors have become reliable systems for detecting changes of single buildings. However, the presence of clouds, shadows, variation in Sun illumination and geometric distortions are critical for this type of sensors and prevent a fully automatic change detection approach. When both optical and SAR are available, a damage classification can also be obtained by combining the two data types, leading to a more reliable result. This work proposes an effective procedure oriented to the damage mapping. From data requirements (satellite images and auxiliary data) to product delivery the chain for damage mapping is described. This latter in order to provide new instruments useful to Civil Protection Departments and Administrations for disaster management.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: ESA-Esrin, Frascati, Rome - Italy
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: open
    Keywords: SAR ; damage detection ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Empirical relationships between macroseismic intensity and PGA are useful for comparing the macroseismic observations to recorded peak ground motions and for comparing seismic hazard assessment in terms of intensity with those in PGA. In literature is observed that despite the intensity correlate fairly well with PGA, the relationships I-PGA is the only mathematical instrumental to convert seismic hazard assessment in terms of intensity to PGA. Not many studies deal with the relationship between intensity and PGA and the majority have been published for the western USA and Japan. In Italy, relationships between the intensity data and PGA records have been proposed among others by Margottini et al. (1987, 1992) and by Faccioli and Cauzzi (2006), which used data from earthquakes of the Mediterranean area (Italy, Turkey, Algeria, France and Slovenia). In the present study a probabilistic I-PGA relationship is proposed, based on the datasets from Margottini et. al and from Faccioli and Cauzzi, and adopting a generalized orthogonal regression.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: relationships I-PGA ; intensity-PGA ; seismic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: L’introduzione di una versione aggiornata della mappa di pericolosità sismica, definita per diversi periodi di ritorno e per svariati valori di ordinate spettrali, porta inevitabilmente a dei cambiamenti sul livello di rischio sismico del costruito italiano. Poiché la relazione tra domanda e capacità non è lineare per tutto il range di periodi di vibrazione strutturale, è necessario valutare il cambiamento del livello di rischio sismico calcolando esplicitamente la vulnerabilità sismica di strutture esistenti con diversi periodi di vibrazione, per diversi stati limite e considerando sia la nuova che la precedente definizione di pericolosità. Nel presente lavoro è stato eseguito un primo studio degli effetti che l’introduzione di mappe aggiornate della pericolosità sismica potrebbe avere sulla valutazione dei livelli di rischio sismico nel territorio italiano. Le caratteristiche generali del costruito sono state ricavate dai dati del 14° Censimento Generale della Popolazione e delle Abitazioni (ISTAT 2001), mentre una procedura probabilistica di valutazione sismica per edifici esistenti a scala urbana è stata impiegata per stimare la capacità. Sono stati considerati tutti i tre stati limite prescritti dall’Ordinanza (danno lieve, danno severo, collasso) in corrispondenza dei rispettivi valori di domanda, così come il cambiamento delle forme spettrali in funzione della localizzazione e del periodo di ritorno. I risultati dimostrano che la nuova mappa di pericolosità sismica porta a dei livelli di rischio sismico più realistici e meno allarmanti, rendendo leggermente meno gravoso, anche se non privo di problematiche, il panorama attuale di rischio in Italia.
    Description: Published
    Description: Pisa, Italy
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; seismic risk ; Spectral ordinates ; Vulnerability ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: During local and regional earthquakes, an evident amplification of horizontal ground motion is observed at two seismological stations near the Tremestieri fault, on the southeastern flank of Mt. Etna volcano. Rotated-component spectral ratios show a narrow spectral peak around 4-Hz along a N40°E direction. A conventional polarization analysis using the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix confirms the very stable directional effect enhancing the approximately NE-SW elongation of the horizontal ground motion in the fault zone. The effect is evident during the entire seismogram and independent of source backazimuth as well as distance and depth of earthquakes. The same polarization is observed in ambient noise as well. This consistency allowed us to use microtremors for checking ground motion polarization along and across the Tremestieri fault zone with a high spatial resolution. The result is a stable polarization of horizontal motion in the entire area, interesting a broad frequency band. To check whether this ground motion property is recurrent and understand a possible relationship with fault strike, faulting style, or orientation of fractures, ambient noise was recorded on other mapped faults of the Mt. Etna area, the Moscarello, Acicatena and Pernicana faults. The latter, in particular, is characterized by different strike and faulting style. A systematic tendency of ambient noise to be polarized is found in all of the faults. A picture emerges where normal faults of the eastern flank show a E-W to NE-SW polarization that changes on the Pernicana fault, which develops approximately E-W and is characterized by a prevailing NW-SE to NS polarization. Directions of polarization were never parallel to the fault strike. Moreover, polarization persists too far away from the fault trace, excluding an effect limited to a narrow low velocity zone hosted between harder wall rocks. Both these observations rule out an interpretation in terms of fault-trapped waves. The cause of observed polarizations will be the subject of future studies. However, the consistency with recent results of velocity anisotropy in a part of the investigated area suggests a possible role of attenuation anisotropy on horizontal amplitude variations versus azimuth.
    Description: Published
    Description: B10306
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: polarization ; fault zones ; Etna volcano ; microtremors ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Providing quantitative microzonation results that can be taken into account in urban land-use plans is a challenging task that requires collaborative efforts between the seismological and engineering communities. In this study, starting from the results obtained by extensive geophysical and seismological investigations, we propose and apply an approach to the Gubbio basin (Italy) that can be easily implemented for cases of moderate-to-low ground motion and that takes into account not only simple 1D, but also more complicated 3D effects. With this method, the sites inside the basin are classified by their fundamental resonance frequencies, estimated from the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio applied to noise recordings (HVNSR). The correspondence between estimates of the fundamental frequency from this method and those derived from earthquake recordings was verified at several calibration sites. The amplification factors used to correct the response spectra are computed by the ratio between the response spectra at sites within the basin and the response spectra at a hard-rock site using data from two seismic transects. Empirical amplification functions are then assigned to the fundamental frequencies after applying an interpolation technique. The suitability of the estimated site-specific correction factors for response spectra was verified by computing synthetic response spectra for stations within the basin, starting from the synthetic recording at a nearby rock station, and comparing them with observed ones.
    Description: In press
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: sedimentary basin ; response spectra ; site effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 80
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    Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale, Trieste
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A vulnerability model, based on the inventory of residential buildings given by ISTAT1991 data and corrected through the AeDES survey, has been applied to develop seismic damage scenarios in the most populated zone of the Vittorio Veneto municipality. The repetition of the 1936 Cansiglio event (magnitude 5.8) and of an event of magnitude 6.7 generated by an hypothetic seismic source located in the Montello area have been considered, taking into account amplification effects due to local soil conditions. Moreover, for the historic site of Serravalle, the scenarios have been refined considering a more detailed classification of the traditional masonry types, based on the application of mechanical approaches to a representative sample of buildings.
    Description: GNDT - Gruppo Nazionale per la Difesa dai Terremoti
    Description: Published
    Description: 505-512
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: seismic scenarios ; seismic vulnerability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The goals of this work are to review the Northern-Italy ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for amplitude parameters and to propose new GMPEs for frequency content and duration parameters. Approximately 10,000 weak and strong waveforms have been collected merging information from different neighboring regional seismic networks operating in the last 30 yr throughout Northern Italy. New ground-motion models, calibrated for epicentral distances ≤100 km and for both local (ML) and moment magnitude (Mw), have been developed starting from a high quality dataset (624 waveforms) that consists of 82 selected earthquakes with ML and Mw up to 6.3 and 6.5, respectively. The vertical component and the maximum of the two horizontal components of motion have been considered, for both acceleration (peak ground horizontal acceleration [PGHA] and peak ground vertical acceleration [PGVA]) and velocity (peak ground horizontal velocity [PGHV] and peak ground vertical velocity [PGVV]) data. In order to make comparisons with the most commonly used prediction equations for the Italian territory (Sabetta and Pugliese, 1996 [hereafter, SP96] and Ambraseys et al. 2005a,b [hereafter, AM05]) the coefficients for acceleration response spectra (spectral horizontal acceleration [SHA] and spectral vertical acceleration [SVA]) and for pseudovelocity response spectra (pseudospectral horizontal velocity [PSHV] and pseudospectral vertical velocity [PSVV]) have been calculated for 12 periods ranging between 0.04 and 2 sec and for 14 periods ranging between 0.04 and 4 sec, respectively. Finally, empirical relations for Arias intensities (IA), Housner intensities (IH), and strong motion duration (DV) have also been calibrated. The site classification based on Eurocode (hereafter, EC8) classes has been used (ENV, 1998, 2002). The coefficients of the models have been determined using functional forms with an independent magnitude decay rate and applying the random effects model (Abrahamson and Youngs, 1992; Joyner and Boore, 1993) that allow the determination of the interevent, interstation, and record-to-record components of variance. The goodness of fit between observed and predicted values has been evaluated using the maximum likelihood approach as in Spudich et al. (1999). Comparing the proposed GMPEs with SP96 and AM05, it is possible to observe a faster decay of predicted ground motion, in particular for distances greater than 25 km and magnitudes higher than 5.0. The result is an improvement in fit of about one order of size for magnitudes spanning from 3.5 to 4.5.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1319-1342
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: ground motion prediction equations ; north italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Several independent indicators imply a high probability of a great (M 〉 8) earthquake rupture of the subduction megathrust under the Mentawai Islands of West Sumatra. The human consequences of such an event depend crucially on its tsunamigenic potential, which in turn depends on unpredictable details of slip distribution on the megathrust and how resulting seafloor movements and the propagating tsunami waves interact with bathymetry. Here we address the forward problem by modelling about 1000 possible complex earthquake ruptures and calculating the seafloor displacements and tsunami wave height distributions that would result from the most likely 100 or so, as judged by reference to paleogeodetic data. Additionally we carry out a systematic study of the importance of the location of maximum slip with respect to the morphology of the fore-arc complex. Our results indicate a generally smaller regional tsunami hazard than was realised in Aceh during the December 2004 event, though more than 20% of simulations result in tsunami wave heights of more than 5 m for the southern Sumatran cities of Padang and Bengkulu. The extreme events in these simulations produce results which are consistent with recent deterministic studies. The study confirms the sensitivity of predicted wave heights to the distribution of slip even for events with similar moment and reproduces Plafker's rule of thumb. Additionally we show that the maximum wave height observed at a single location scales with the magnitude though data for all magnitudes exhibit extreme variability. Finally, we show that for any coastal location in the near field of the earthquake, despite the complexity of the earthquake rupture simulations and the large range of magnitudes modelled, the timing of inundation is constant to first order and the maximum height of the modelled waves is directly proportional to the vertical coseismic displacement experienced at that point. These results may assist in developing tsunami preparedness strategies around the Indian Ocean and in particular along the coasts of western Sumatra.
    Description: Published
    Description: 61-81
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: tsunami ; Sumatra ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Le stime probabilistiche della pericolosità sismica sono alla base di qualsiasi politica di prevenzione dei danni da terremoto, sia perché utilizzate per definire le aree prioritarie per interventi di riduzione del rischio sismico, sia perché su di esse si basa la normativa tecnica per le costruzioni. Eppure, nonostante la loro importanza, non esiste una procedura standard universalmente riconosciuta per definire con precisione la pericolosità sismica di un’area.
    Description: Published
    Description: Reggio Calabria, Italy
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We investigate the effect of extended faulting processes and heterogeneous wave propagation on the early warning system capability to predict the peak ground velocity (PGV) from moderate to large earthquakes occurring in the southern Apennines (Italy). Simulated time histories at the early warning network have been used to retrieve early estimates of source parameters and to predict the PGV, following an evolutionary, probabilistic approach. The system performance is measured through the Effective Lead-Time (ELT), i.e., the time interval between the arrival of the first S-wave and the time at which the probability to observe the true PGV value within one standard deviation becomes stationary, and the Probability of Prediction Error (PPE), which provides a measure of PGV prediction error. The regional maps of ELT and PPE show a significant variability around the fault up to large distances, thus indicating that the system's capability to accurately predict the observed peak ground motion strongly depends on distance and azimuth from the fault.
    Description: Published
    Description: L00B07
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seismic early warning ; Southern Italy ; Synthetic seismograph ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The seismic response to an earthquake depends on the genesis and propagation of the seismic waves and on the local lithologic and morphologic characteristics. To understand the influence of the geology on the seismic shaking, it is necessary to characterize the site in a standard and easy way, performing a field surveys and collecting bibliographic information. Therefore, a specific geologic form has been carried out, being able to storage the geologic, geomorphologic, geophysical and geotechnical information of the site. This data allow to have a quantification of the expected amplification effects through the introduction of the amplification factor. This geologic form can be integrated considering the different knowledge level of the recent regional and national seismic codes. Its use gives evaluations of the first level, using the qualitative data; evaluations of the second level using all the data and the relative amplification factor; these collected data can represent a base knowledge for the study of the third level. A first test has been performed on 72 sites, characterized by the presence of churches damaged by the earthquakes of Irpinia-Basilicata (1980), Abruzzo-Molise (1984) and Molise (2002).
    Description: Published
    Description: Bologna (Italy)
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: geological form ; local site effects ; seismic amplification ; seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The site-corrected source scaling pattern is estimated for local earthquakes (0:9 ≤MD ≤ 3:6) at Mt. Vesuvius. The dataset comprises 35 low-to-moderate local earthquakes recorded by 14 three-component seismic stations during 1993, 1996, and 1999. Site-transfer functions in the frequency range 1 Hz–25 Hz are estimated from the spectra of S waves and coda waves and from the horizontal-to-vertical (H=V) spectral ratios. We applied the direct spectral ratios method to S waves, considering as a reference the average spectrum and the inversion method to S waves and coda waves. The site amplification on the coda waves was also compared with that evaluated using the wavelet transform. The standard deviation associated with the experimental results is computed for all of the used methods. Results indicate a general agreement among the methods, and the site-transfer functions show interesting features. The highest amplifications are found for frequencies lower than 12 Hz for sites located at lower altitude. The methods based on coda waves show highest amplification with respect to the methods based on S waves for most of the sites located in the summit part of the volcano. This can be a phenomenon of coda localization, which consists in the trapping inside the upper part of the volcano of scattered waves. The H=V spectral ratios do not show total agreement with the other methods, mostly for the sites located in the summit part of the volcano. The discrepancies among the results obtained in this work are also due to the different normalization applied in the methods of analysis. Generalized inversion method allowed us to estimate the source scaling of the site-corrected source seismic spectrum for the investigated area. The source scaling obtained in terms of seismic moment and source radii shows that the seismicity of Mt. Vesuvius is characterized by stress drop as low as a few bars (10 bars) except for the event of MD 3:6 (Δσ 100 bars). The scaling pattern shows an apparent linear relationship between source size and seismic moment (for MD ≤ 3:3) but the statistical test shows that the linear trend has low reliability.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1705-1719
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Source Scaling ; Site Effects ; Mt. Vesuvius ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Please note that the figures are intended to be published in black and write (with no colour). It is particularly appropriate to publish this paper to Annals of Geophysics as the second Stress-Monitoring Site is scheduled to begin operation in SE Sicily as part of the SICIS Project.
    Description: A new understanding of rock deformation allows the accumulation of stress before earthquakes to be monitored by using shear-wave splitting to assess stress-induced changes to microcrack geometry. Using swarms of small earthquakes as the source of shear-waves, such stress accumulations have been recognised with hindsight before some fifteen earthquakes worldwide. On one occasion the time, magnitude, and fault-break of an M 5 earthquake was successfully stress-forecast in a comparatively narrow magnitude/time window. However, suitable swarms of small earthquakes are very uncommon, and routine forecasting requires measurements of controlled-source observations at bore-hole Stress-Monitoring Sites (SMSs). A prototype SMS confirmed that both science and technology are effective for monitoring stress changes before earthquakes, and the sensitivity is such that a network of SMSs, on a 400 km-grid, say, could stress-forecast all M ≥ 5 earthquakes, that is all damaging earthquakes, within the grid. This paper suggests that a Global Earthquake Monitoring System (GEMS) could forecast all damaging earthquakes in both developing and developed countries worldwide.
    Description: Submitted
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: forecasting damaging earthquakes ; GEMS ; Global network of Earthquake stress-Monitoring Sites ; shear-wave splitting ; the New Geophysics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: manuscript
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this work, we infer the 1D shear-wave velocity model at Solfatara volcano using the dispersion properties of Rayleigh waves generated by artificial explosions. The groupvelocity dispersion curves are retrieved by applying the Multiple Filter Technique to single-station recordings of air-gun sea shots. Seismic signals are filtered in different frequency bands and the dispersion curves are obtained by evaluating the arrival times of the envelope maxima of the filtered signals. Fundamental and higher modes are carefully recognized and separated by using a Phase Matched Filter. The dispersion curves obtained indicate Rayleigh-wave fundamental-mode group velocities ranging from about 0.8 to 0.6 km/s over the 2-12 Hz frequency band. These group velocity dispersion curves are then inverted to infer a shallow shear-wave velocity model down to a depth of about 250 m. The shear-wave velocities thus obtained are compatible with those derived both from cross- and down-hole measurements in neighbouring wells and from laboratory experiments. These data are eventually interpreted in the light of the geological setting of the area. Using the velocity model obtained, we calculate the theoretical ground response to a vertically-incident S-wave getting two, main amplification peaks centered at frequencies of 2.2 and 5.4 Hz. The transfer function was compared to those obtained experimentally from the application of Nakamura’s technique to microtremor data, artificial explosions and local earthquakes. Agreement among the experimental and theoretical transfer functions is observed for the amplification peak of frequency 5.4 Hz.
    Description: Published
    Description: 89-103
    Description: open
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Parts of the Poukawa, Waipukurau and Tukituki Fault Zones in Central Hawke’s Bay District have been mapped in detail according to the Guidelines of the Ministry for the Environment’s “Planning for Development of Land on or Close to Active Faults”. Fault traces with associated Fault Avoidance Zones have been mapped to produce corridors surrounding the active fault traces at a scale suitable for the purposes of cadastral zoning, i.e. c. 1:5000. Particular attention has been paid to the urban areas of Otane, Waipawa and Waipukurau. Mapping of the Fault Avoidance Zones has been undertaken using a Geographic Information System (GIS) in conjunction with rectified aerial photographs, ortho-photographs and LiDAR imagery. Each of these media have a level of uncertainty for mapping. We found that a 5-m pixel Shaded Relief LiDAR image produced particularly accurate micro-topography of the mapping areas, allowing us to map fault features to a level of accuracy not possible with the other more traditional methods.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-31
    Description: open
    Keywords: Earthquake Fault ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A seismic hazard map, in terms of macroseismic intensity, is proposed for the Italian continental territory and Sicily, which has a 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years. The methodology used here was first proposed by Cornell (1968), which requires information about the location and seismicity rates within each of the defined seismogenic zones, as well as an attenuation model. In particular, it is proposed an original macroseismic intensity attenuation model derived from the Italian macroseismic database DBMI04. The seismic hazard map, obtained in terms of intensity, was subsequently transformed into PGA by means of a linear relation between intensity and PGA, in order to compare it with the national seismic hazard map MPS04.
    Description: Published
    Description: 67-90
    Description: open
    Keywords: Probabilistic seismic hazard, ; macroseismic data, ; seismogenic zonation, ; intensity attenuation, ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The job illustrates the activities, the normative and procedural dispositions of the reconstruction in Molise that has been on its way after the 2002 earthquake. The individualized run has been characterized by numerous technical innovations, consequent to the emanation of the new seismic code (OPCM n. 3274/2003). The President of the Region, Delegated Commissioner for the reconstruction after-earthquake 2002, has programmed and coordinated all the activities, using structures of consultation, of address and of technical support. Particularly, the Scientific Technical Committee (CTS) has taken care of the containing directives, the criterions and the general norms for the trial of the reconstruction, emanate through the Ordinance of the Delegated Commissioner n. 13/2003. The Committee for the Microzonation (CMS) has predisposed indications and guidelines, while the CNR Institute for the Technologies of the Construction, in collaboration with the University of Basilicata and Dicat-University of Genoa, has up the guidelines for the investigations of vulnerability and for the interventions on the scholastic buildings, on the churches and on the monumental buildings. Finally, the Delegated Commissioner has ordered that the Local Corporate Bodies were made themselves responsible for the reconstruction realization. In the Campobasso province , with exception of the S.Giuliano diPuglia common, have been compiled about 16.200 preliminary projects (PPS). It is esteemed a general economic requirement of about 1.800 million of Euros for the residential buildings and of about 900 million of Euros for the public works. The reconstruction is in advanced realization and involves the buildings affected by an evacuation measure (Priority A).
    Description: Published
    Description: Pisa, Italia
    Description: 4.2. Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica e danno
    Description: open
    Keywords: Normativa tecnica ; Ricostruzione ; Terremoto del Molise 2002 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The damage and vulnerability survey of the monumental buildings, damaged by the 2002 earthquake in the Molise Region, has allowed singling out of a correlation between the observed damage of the churches and their morphological site conditions. The vulnerability model connected to the survey methodology provides an evaluation of the expected mean damage. Comparison with the observed damage determined the introduction of a local morphological behaviour modifier, able to take into account the vulnerability increase due to the site effects. In order to validate the previous results, a numerical 2-D analysis of the seismic local response has been performed. In particular, a numerical code, working with boundary elements, has been applied to the analyzed situations. The results, in terms of pseudo-acceleration response spectra and amplification factors, allow one to compare the numerical and the observed analyses. This comparison shows good agreement and allows one to find some correlations between the geometric characteristics of the sites, the values of the amplification coefficients and the damage mechanism activated.
    Description: Published
    Description: Thessaloniki, Greece
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: topographical amplification ; monumental buildings ; numerical 2-D analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The goal of our research has been to estimate the economic impact of the seismic hazard studies on the reconstruction phase after the 2002 Molise earthquake. The study has been carried out adopting the vulnerability model, connected to the GNDT II level form, on a sample of existing masonry buildings of Campobasso province. A procedure has been provided to recover the necessary parameters for the vulnerability evaluation, using the AeDES 05/2000 forms, which are the basic support for the safety assessment in the post-earthquake phases. Assuming a set of structural seismic upgrading intervantions, a correlation between the cost of ret-rofitting interventions and different limit state has been evaluated, taking into account the litologi-cal site characteristics, according to the recent studies of seismic microzonation of the earthquake epicentral area. The results show a substantial difference of the seismic upgrading costs, varying the hazard (PGA) and the litological site characteristics, particularly in the 1st and 2nd Zones of the Italian Seismic Classification (OPCM 3519/06). These considerations put in evidence once again the necessity to invest important economic re-sources in the building national heritage knowledge and in the seismic microzonation of the urban areas; only in this way an effective preventive planning of risk reduction can be perfomed.
    Description: Published
    Description: Pisa, Italia
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 4.2. Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica e danno
    Description: open
    Keywords: analisi dei costi ; pericolosità sismica ; vulnerabilità sismica ; normativa sismica ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The study of ground motion amplification produced by surface geology is extremely interesting in the Benevento area, Southern Italy, as it is characterized by high seismic hazard. The present moderate-to-low seismicity makes the noise method appropriate to estimate the seismic site response in the area. The three components of seismic noise have been recorded in five sites in the Benevento metropolitan area characterized by different surface geology, in order to estimate the seismic site response. In evaluating site amplification effects we used the direct interpretation of amplitude spectra and standard spectral ratio techniques, evaluating sediment-to-bedrock, sediment-to-average and H/V spectral ratios. The temporal evolution of the noise spectra is analysed within one day, in order to assess the stationarity of the noise signal. The noise wavefield properties have been studied through polarization analyses in selected bands of frequency, where spectral peaks are observed to dominate, to better understand the real nature of those peaks. Results give evidence of low amplification levels, missing any correlation between spectral amplitudes and sediment thickness over the basement. We interpret this result as due to the poor impedance contrast between sediments and basement, which is characterized by low values of shear waves velocity. Moreover, sharp amplitude peaks are observed in the raw spectra of the sediment-sites, in the 2–4 Hz frequency band; a numerical simulation interprets this effect as possibly associated with a wide-scale structure, invoking the presence of a sharper impedance contrast at greater depth. At high frequencies the action of ambient noise sources, mainly active on horizontal components of motion, is retained dominant to generate the prominent peaks observed in the H/V spectral ratios; in some cases the presence of a nearsurface low-velocity layer can contribute to amplify the seismic motion generated at these frequencies.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1745-1764
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Site response ; noise ; Benevento ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: DPC-INGV S2
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical seismicity ; Site history ; Abruzzo ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We calculated the impact on Southern Italy of a large set of tsunamis resulting from earthquakes generated by major fault zones of the Mediterranean Sea. Our approach merges updated knowledge on the regional tectonic setting and scenario-like calculations of expected tsunami impact. We selected three potential source zones located at short, intermediate and large distance from our target coastlines: the Southern Tyrrhenian thrust belt; the Tell-Atlas thrust belt; and the western Hellenic Arc. For each zone we determined a Maximum Credible Earthquake and described the geometry, kinematics and size of its associated Typical Fault. We then let the Typical Fault float along strike of its parent source zone and simulated all tsunamis it could trigger. Simulations are based on the solution of the nonlinear shallow water equations through a finite-difference technique. For each run we calculated the wave fields at desired simulation times and the maximum water elevation field, then produced travel-time maps and maximum wave-height profiles along the target coastlines. The results show a highly variable impact for tsunamis generated by the different source zones. For example, a large Hellenic Arc earthquake will produce a much higher tsunami wave (up to 5 m) than those of the other two source zones (up to 1.5 m). This implies that tsunami scenarios for Mediterranean Sea countries must necessarily be computed at the scale of the entire basin. Our work represents a pilot study for constructing a basin-wide tsunami scenario database to be used for tsunami hazard assessment and early warning.
    Description: In press
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: tsunami ; scenario ; active tectonic ; floating source ; hazard assessment ; Mediterranean Sea ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: manuscript
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The probabilistic seismic hazard of Italy was assessed in 2004 to match the requirements of the new seismic provisions. This such map, now recognized as the official reference for design according to the building and administrative issues, is the result of a comprehensive seismic hazard model that takes into account the variability in seismicity, seismogenic potential, and propagation in different areas of Italy. Since 2004, we have computed seismic hazard in terms of peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration values for varied annual probabilities of exceedance, including a measure of their variability. These data allow as to: (1) compute site-specific seismic hazard curves and uniform hazard spectra; (2) anchor the elastic response spectra; and (3) set seismological constraints on the limit states. These seismic hazard data are stored in a database, freely accessible to all end-users via the web, where they can be downloaded or consulted through a WebGIS tool.
    Description: Published
    Description: 119-132
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; Italy ; WebGis ; Building code ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: GIS scenari di scuotimento area Molise (DVD)
    Description: Progetto S3 - Scenari di scuotimento in aree di interesse prioritario e/o strategico
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: GIS ; effetti di suolo ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: web product
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic Hazard ; Uniform hazard spectra ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Catalogue of Italian 461 B.C.-1997 (Italy), and of Mediterranean (760 B.C.-1500) historical earthquakes using a web-GIS interface.
    Description: The Catalogue lists earthquakes that occurred in Italy between 461 B.C. and 1997, and earthquakes that occurred in the general Mediterranean area between the VIII century b.C. and the XV century. Italian earthquakes are based on the latest release of the Catalogo dei Forti Terremoti in Italia (Catalogue of Strong Italian Earthquakes), commonly referred to as CFTI3 (Boschi et al., 2000), with subsequent additions and improvements. The CFTI4 contains all Italian earthquakes having epicentral intensity VIII or larger and a selection of smaller earthquakes (total number of earthquakes: 1257). All data supplied in the Catalogue are based on ad hoc historical investigations and on specifically reinterpreted and discussed historical sources. Since its first 1995 release the Catalogo dei Forti Terremoti has been substantially extended and improved with respect to a) the earthquakes analyzed, b) the number of historical sources considered, and c) the number of assessed intensities. Mediterranean earthquakes are based on two catalogues: the Catalogue of Ancient Earthquakes in the Mediterranean area up to the 10th century (Guidoboni et al., 1994), containing 300 earthquakes that involved 19 present-day countries around the Mediterranean, and on the Catalogue of Earthquakes and Tsunamis in the Mediterranean area from the 11th to the 15th century (Guidoboni and Comastri, 2005), containing 383 earthquakes relative to 19 countries. Overall the CFTI4 containes 1,739 earthquakes, 482 of which occurred outside of Italy. Both catalogues report historical sources in their original language. The Catalogue is accessible through a specifically designed web-GIS interface. All commands are easy to use and fully described in English in the Help section. Due to the nature and history of the Catalogue, however, the comment texts that accompany all Italian earthquakes are currently available only in Italian. To allow their visualization in the web-GIS environment of the Catalogue, data on Mediterranean earthquakes have been reorganized following the same standards and format as the data on Italian earthquakes. Nevertheless, some of the information available for Italian earthquakes may not be readily available for all Mediterranean earthquakes. General information on the adopted method of historical research and on the structure and contents of the Catalogue is given in a series of articles published in a special issue of ANNALI DI GEOFISICA (vol.43, N. 4, August 2000) along with CFTI3 (Boschi et al., 2000). Although there have been significant advancements since the year 2000, these articles describe satisfactorily the main research issues, most of which are still the object of scientific debate.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: open
    Keywords: Earthquake catalogue ; Italian historical earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: web product
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