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  • Artikel  (394)
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  • 1
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    Sudden deep gas eruption nearby Rome's airport of Fiumicino (2014)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-24
    Beschreibung: On 24 August 2013 a sudden gas eruption from the ground occurred in the Tiber river delta, nearby Rome's international airport of Fiumicino. We assessed that this gas, analogous to other minor vents in the area, is dominantly composed of deep, partially mantle-derived CO2, as in the geothermal gas of the surrounding Roman Comagmatic Province. Increased amounts of thermogenic CH4 are likely sourced from Meso-Cenozoic petroleum systems, overlying the deep magmatic fluids. We hypothesize that the intersection of NE-SW and N-S fault systems, which at regional scale controls the location of the Roman volcanic edifices, favors gas uprising through the impermeable Pliocene and deltaic Holocene covers. Pressurized gas may temporarily be stored below these covers or within shallower sandy, permeable layers. The eruption, regardless the triggering cause—natural or man-made, reveals the potential hazard of gas-charged sediments in the delta, even at distances far from the volcanic edifices.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 5632–5636
    Beschreibung: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): geothermal gas ; deep CO2 ; Tiber river delta ; thermogenic CH4 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    Origin and interactions of fluids circulating over the Amik Basin (Hatay, Turkey) and relationships with the hydrologic, geologic and tectonic settings (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-15
    Beschreibung: We investigated the geochemical features of the fluids circulating over the Amik Basin (SE Turkey–Syria border), which is crossed by the Northern extension of theDSF (Dead Sea Fault) and represents the boundary area of three tectonic plates (Anatolian, Arabian and African plates). We collected 34 water samples (thermal and cold from natural springs and boreholes) as well as 8 gas samples (bubbling and gas seepage) besides the gases dissolved in the sampled waters. The results show that the dissolved gas phase is a mixture of shallow (atmospheric) and deep components either of mantle and crustal origin. Coherently the sampled waters are variable mixtures of shallow and deep ground waters, the latter being characterised by higher salinity and longer residence times. The deep groundwaters (fromboreholes deeper than 1000 m)have a CH4-dominated dissolved gas phase related to the presence of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The very unique tectonic setting of the area includes the presence of an ophiolitic block outcropping in the westernmost area on the African Plate, as well as basalts located to the North and East on the Arabic Plate. The diffuse presence of CO2-enriched gases, although diluted by the huge groundwater circulation, testifies a regional degassing activity. Fluids circulating over the ophiolitic block are marked by H2-dominated gases with abiogenic methane and high-pH waters. The measured 3He/4He isotopic ratios display contributions from both crustal and mantle-derived sources over both sides of the DSF. Although the serpentinization process is generally independent from mantle-type contribution, the recorded helium isotopic ratios highlight variable contents of mantle-derived fluids. Due to the absence of recent volcanism over the western side of the basin (African Plate), we argue that CO2-rich volatiles carrying mantle-type helium and enriched in heavy carbon, are degassed by deep-rooted regional faults rather than from volcanic sources.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 23–39
    Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Dead Sea Fault ; Hydrogeochemistry ; Gas geochemistry ; He isotopes ; C isotopes ; Ophiolites ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.02. Carbon cycling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Real-time measurements of the concentration and isotope composition of atmospheric and volcanic CO2 at Mount Etna (Italy) (2014)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24
    Beschreibung: We present unprecedented data of real-time measurements of the concentration and isotope composition of CO2 in air and in fumarole-plume gases collected in 2013 during two campaigns at Mount Etna volcano, which were made using a laser-based isotope ratio infrared spectrometer. We performed approximately 360 measurements/h, which allowed calculation of the δ13C values of volcanic CO2. The fumarole gases of Torre del Filosofo (2900mabove sea level) range from 3.24 ± 0.06‰to 3.71 ± 0.09‰, comparable to isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) measurements of discrete samples collected on the same dates. Plume gases sampled more than 1 km from the craters show a δ13C= 2.2 ± 0.4‰, in agreement with the crater fumarole gases analyzed by IRMS. Measurements performed along ~17km driving track from Catania to Mount Etna show more negative δ13C values when passing through populated centers due to anthropogenic-derived CO2 inputs (e.g., car exhaust). The reported results demonstrate that this technique may represent an important advancement for volcanic and environmental monitoring.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2382–2389
    Beschreibung: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Real-time data of CO2 content and δ13C in atmospheric/volcanic gases ; This study opens new perspective for the community for volcanic surveillance ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Confronting the constraints of morphological taxonomy in the Botryosphaeriales (2014)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (0031-05850) vol.33 (2014) nr.1 p.155
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-20
    Beschreibung: Identification of fungi and the International Code of Nomenclature underpinning this process, rests strongly on the characterisation of morphological structures. Yet, the value of these characters to define species in many groups has become questionable or even superfluous. This has emerged as DNA-based techniques have increasingly revealed cryptic species and species complexes. This problem is vividly illustrated in the present study where 105 isolates of the Botryosphaeriales were recovered from both healthy and diseased woody tissues of native Acacia spp. in Namibia and South Africa. Thirteen phylogenetically distinct groups were identified based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA PCR-RFLP and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) sequence data, two loci that are known to be reliable markers to distinguish species in the Botryosphaeriales. Four of these groups could be linked reliably to sequence data for formerly described species, including Botryosphaeria dothidea, Dothiorella dulcispinae, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae and Spencermartinsia viticola. Nine groups, however, could not be linked to any other species known from culture and for which sequence data are available. These groups are, therefore, described as Aplosporella africana, A. papillata, Botryosphaeria auasmontanum, Dothiorella capri-amissi, Do. oblonga, Lasiodiplodia pyriformis, Spencermartinsia rosulata, Sphaeropsis variabilis and an undescribed Neofusicoccum sp. The species described here could not be reliably compared with the thousands of taxa described in these genera from other hosts and regions, where only morphological data are available. Such comparison would be possible only if all previously described taxa are epitypified, which is not a viable objective for the two families, Botryosphaeriaceae and Aplosporellaceae, in the Botryosphaeriales identified here. The extent of diversity of the Botryosphaeriales revealed in this and other recent studies is expected to reflect that of other undersampled regions and hosts, and illustrates the urgency to find more effective ways to describe species in this, and indeed other, groups of fungi.
    Schlagwort(e): Botryosphaeriales ; morphotaxa ; phylogeny ; taxonomy ; tree health
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    A phylogenetic study of Dothiorella and Spencermartinsia species associated with woody plants in Iran, New Zealand, Portugal and Spain (2014)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (0031-05850) vol.32 (2014) nr.1 p.1
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-20
    Beschreibung: Dothiorella and Spencermartinsia are two botryosphaeriaceous genera with dark 2-celled conidia and found in parasitic, saprophytic or endophytic association with various woody host plants. Based on ITS and EF1-α sequence data and morphology, eight new species are described from Iran, New Zealand, Portugal and Spain. Of these, five species are placed in Dothiorella, namely D. iranica, D. parva, D. prunicola, D. sempervirentis and D. striata, and three species belong to Spencermartinsia named as S. citricola, S. mangiferae and S. plurivora. An identification key to the species of each genus is provided.
    Schlagwort(e): Botryosphaeriaceae ; Dothiorella ; ITS ; phylogeny ; Spencermartinsia ; systematics ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 6
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    Herpetospermum operculatum (Schizopeponeae, Cucurbitaceae), a new species from India, Myanmar and China (2014)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.59 (2014) nr.1 p.1
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-03-06
    Beschreibung: A new species of Herpetospermum (Schizopeponeae, Cucurbitaceae) is described from north-eastern India, northern Myanmar and southwest China (Xizang and Yunnan). Herpetospermum operculatum was previously confused with Herpetospermum (= Biswarea) tonglense, but differs primarily in having smooth yellow-striped fruit with operculum at stylar end, ascendent seed arrangement in fruit and prominent probracts and bracts. At least a part of the collections of Herpetospermum tonglense in Myanmar and China represent misidentification of this species.
    Schlagwort(e): China ; Herpetospermum tonglense ; misidentification ; Myanmar ; north-eastern India ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 7
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    Continental delamination and mantle dynamics drive topography extension and fl uid discharge in the Apennines (2014)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The Apennines belt of Italy undergoes a northeast-trending extension at a rate of a few millimeters per year that generates moderate to large normal-faulting earthquakes. In this paper, we show that seismicity, large earthquakes, strong gas emission, and belt topography all correlate with a broad, low Vp anomaly in the uppermost mantle. We propose that a thermal/fl uid anomaly in the mantle, associated with sub-lithospheric mantle replacement after delamination of the Adria lithosphere, supports the topography of the belt and drives the extensional tectonics. The mantle anomaly is likely caused by deep fl uids coming from the dehydration of the material subducted during the Europe-Adria collision and the delamination of Adria. Beneath the belt, CO2-rich fl uids are accumulated and occasionally discharged during large normal faulting earthquakes. After the replacement of sub-lithospheric mantle, the temperature at the base of the crust increases causing crustal stretching, anatexis, and strong degassing.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 715-718
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): mantle anomaly ; Continental delamination ; the Apennines ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 8
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    The Ancient Gates to Hell and Their Relevance to Geogenic CO2 (2014)
    Academic Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: No abstract
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 92-117
    Beschreibung: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): geogenic gases ; gas hazard ; geomithology ; underworld ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 9
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    Mud volcanoes in onshore Sicily: a short overview (2014)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: A short overview on Sicilian mud volcanoes is given. A total of 8 sites are presently known and studied in Sicily, mainly located in central–southern Sicily (Caltanissetta basin). All of these are of small dimension and sometimes associated to water pools. Methane is the main emitted gaseous phase, with the exception of the Paternò site, dominated by CO2 due to its proximity to Mt. Etna. Emitted waters are of the chloride–sulphate–alkaline type, due to the dominance of NaCl as the main dissolved salt. Sicilian mud volcanoes represent a potential threat for humans but, at the same time, they are threatened by anthropic activities. The main risks are related to the damages produced by paroxysmal events, while their survival is threatened by illegal discharge of wastes, consumption of rural land and agricultural activities.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 123–127
    Beschreibung: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Mud volcanoes ; Sicily ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 10
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    A geochemical traverse along the “Sperchios Basin e Evoikos Gulf” graben (Central Greece): Origin and evolution of the emitted fluids (2014)
    Elsevier Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The studied area is a 130 km long fast spreading graben in Central Greece. Its complex geodynamical setting includes both the presence of a subduction slab at depth responsible for the recent (Quaternary) volcanic activity in the area and the western termination of a tectonic lineament of regional importance (the North-Anatolian fault). A high geothermal gradient is made evident by the presence of many thermal springs with temperatures from 19 to 82 C, that discharge along the normal faults bordering the graben. In the period 2004e2012, 58 gas and 69 water samples were collected and their chemical and isotopic analysis revealed a wide range of compositions. Two main groups of thermal waters can be distinguished on the basis of their chemical composition. The first, represented by dilute waters (E.C. 〈0.6 mS/cm) of the westernmost sites, is characterised by the presence of CH4-rich and mixed N2eCH4 gases. The second displays higher salinities (E.C. from 12 to 56 mS/cm) due to mixing with a modified marine component. Reservoir temperatures of 150e160 C were estimated with cationic geothermometers at the easternmost sites. Along the graben, from west to east, the gas composition changes from CH4- to CO2-dominated through mixed N2eCH4 and N2eCO2 compositions, while at the same time the He isotopic composition goes from typical crustal values (〈0.1 R/RA) up to 0.87 R/RA, showing in the easternmost sites a small (3e11%) but significant mantle input. The d13C values of the CO2-rich samples suggest a mixed origin (mantle and marine carbonates).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 295-308
    Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Rift zone ; geothermal activity ; Helium isotopes ; Carbon isotopes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 11
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    Level of carbon dioxide diffuse degassing from the ground of Vesuvio: comparison between extensive surveys and inferences on the gas source (2014)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: An extensive campaign of diffuse CO2 soil flux was carried out at the cone of Vesuvio in October 2006 with two main objectives: 1) to provide an estimation of CO2 diffusely discharged through the soils in the summit area and 2) to evidence those sectors of the volcano where structural and morphological conditions could favour the gas output. The survey consisted of 502 measurements of soil CO2 flux homogenously distributed over an area of about 1.8 km2. Results of this survey were compared with those obtained during a similar campaign carried out by Frondini et al. in 2000, from which we have taken and reinterpreted a subset of data belonging to the common investigated area. Graphical statistical analysis showed three overlapping populations in both surveys, evidencing the contribution of three different sources feeding the soil CO2 degassing process. The overall CO2 emission pattern of 2006 is coherent with that observed in 2000 and suggests that a value between 120 and 140 t/day of CO2 is representative of the total CO2 discharged by diffuse degassing from the summit area of Vesuvio. The preferential exhaling area lies in the inner crater, whose contribution resulted in 45.3% of the total CO2 emission in 2006 (with 62.8 t/day) and in 57.4% (with 70.3 t/day) in 2000, although its extension is only 13% of the investigated area. This highly emissive area correlated closely with the structural discontinuities of Vesuvio cone, mainly suggesting that the NW-SE trending tectonic line is actually an active fault leaking deep gas to the bottom of the crater. The drainage action of the fault could be enhanced by the “aspiration” effect of the volcanic conduit.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: S0449
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): CARBON DIOXIDE DEGASSING ; VESUVIO ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 12
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    Advective heat transport associated with regional Earth degassing in central Apennine (Italy) (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In this work we show that the main springs of the central Apennine transport a total amount of heat of ∼2.2 109 J s−1. Most of this heat (57%) is the result of geothermal warming while the remaining 43% is due to gravitational potential energy dissipation. This result indicates that a large area of the central Apennines is very hot with heat flux values 4300 mWm−2. These values are higher than those measured in the magmatic and famously geothermal provinces of Tuscany and Latium and about 1/3 of the total heat discharged at Yellowstone. This finding is surprising because the central Apennines have been thought to be a relatively cold area. Translated by CO2 rich fluids, this heat anomaly suggests the existence of a thermal source such as a large magmatic intrusion at depth. Recent tomographic images of the area support the presence of such an intrusion visible as a broad negative velocity anomaly in seismic waves. Our results indicate that the thermal regime of tectonically active areas of the Earth, where meteoric waters infiltrate and deeply circulate, should be revised on the basis of mass and energy balances of the groundwater systems.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 65–74
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): heat flux ; CO2 Earth degassing ; central Apennine ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Novel genera and species of coniothyrium-like fungi in Montagnulaceae (Ascomycota) (2014)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (0031-05850) vol.32 (2014) nr.1 p.25
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-20
    Beschreibung: Based on analyses of concatenated internal transcribed spacer regions of the nrDNA operon (ITS), large subunit rDNA (LSU), γ-actin and β-tubulin gene sequences the taxonomy of coniothyrium-like fungi belonging in the family Montagnulaceae, order Pleosporales, was re-assessed. Two new genera are proposed, Alloconiothyrium, to accommodate A. aptrootii sp. nov., and Dendrothyrium for D. longisporum sp. nov. and D. variisporum sp. nov. One new species is described in Paraconiothyrium, viz. Parac. archidendri sp. nov., while two species so far classified in Paraconiothyrium are transferred to Paraphaeosphaeria, viz. Paraph. minitans comb. nov. and Paraph. sporulosa comb. nov. In Paraphaeosphaeria five new species are described based on asexual morphs, viz. Paraph. arecacearum sp. nov., Paraph. neglecta sp. nov., Paraph. sardoa sp. nov., Paraph. verruculosa sp. nov., and Paraph. viridescens sp. nov. Macro- and micromorphological characteristics are fully described.
    Schlagwort(e): γ-actin ; β-tubulin ; ITS ; LSU ; Microsphaeropsis ; Paraconiothyrium ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 14
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    New relatives of Oxalis pes-caprae (Oxalidaceae) from South Africa (2014)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.59 (2014) nr.2 p.131
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-03-06
    Beschreibung: The genus Oxalis in southern Africa contains more than 200 species, with the vast bulk of species in the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR). Recent fieldwork has suggested that many await discovery. Here we investigate the identity of two apparently undescribed Oxalis species from Northern Cape, South Africa, using morphological comparisons with closely related taxa. We provide a preliminary phylogenetic placement using DNA sequence-based analyses of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region. Both putative new species are distinguished from all known Oxalis species based on macro-morphological traits. Molecular data placed both within a clade consisting of the weedy O. pes-caprae and its close relatives. Oxalis hirsutibulba sp. nov. is characterised by densely hairy bulb tunics, a trait absent from all known members of the O. pes-caprae clade. Oxalis fenestrata sp. nov. is unique in producing apple green succulent stems and leaflets usually with translucent white markings at their incisions. We also provide the first phylogenetic placement of the GCFR narrow endemic O. lasiorrhiza in the O. pes-caprae clade. In conjunction with several other recent discoveries, these two new species and the phylogenetic placement of O. lasiorrhiza show that the O. pes-caprae clade is much more speciose than previously estimated.
    Schlagwort(e): New species ; Oxalidaceae ; Oxalis ; phylogeny ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 15
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    The largest type study of Agaricales species to date: bringing identification and nomenclature of Phlegmacium (Cortinarius) into the DNA era (2014)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (0031-05850) vol.33 (2014) nr.1 p.98
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-20
    Beschreibung: Cortinarius is a species-rich and morphologically challenging genus with a cosmopolitan distribution. Many names have not been used consistently and in some instances the same species has been described two or more times under separate names. This study focuses on subg. Phlegmacium as traditionally defined and includes species from boreal and temperate areas of the northern hemisphere. Our goals for this project were to: i) study type material to determine which species already have been described; ii) stabilize the use of Friesian and other older names by choosing a neo- or epitype; iii) describe new species that were discovered during the process of studying specimens; and iv) establish an accurate ITS barcoding database for Phlegmacium species. A total of 236 types representing 154 species were studied. Of these 114 species are described only once whereas 40 species had one ore more synonyms. Of the names studied only 61 were currently represented in GenBank. Neotypes are proposed for 21 species, and epitypes are designated for three species. In addition, 20 new species are described and six new combinations made. As a consequence ITS barcodes for 175 Cortinarius species are released.
    Schlagwort(e): Basidiomycota ; diversity ; DNA barcoding ; ITS ; taxonomy ; typification
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 16
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    Introducing the Consolidated Species Concept to resolve species in the Teratosphaeriaceae (2014)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (0031-05850) vol.33 (2014) nr.1 p.1
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-20
    Beschreibung: The Teratosphaeriaceae represents a recently established family that includes numerous saprobic, extremophilic, human opportunistic, and plant pathogenic fungi. Partial DNA sequence data of the 28S rRNA and RPB2 genes strongly support a separation of the Mycosphaerellaceae from the Teratosphaeriaceae, and also provide support for the Extremaceae and Neodevriesiaceae, two novel families including many extremophilic fungi that occur on a diversity of substrates. In addition, a multi-locus DNA sequence dataset was generated (ITS, LSU, Btub, Act, RPB2, EF-1α and Cal) to distinguish taxa in Mycosphaerella and Teratosphaeria associated with leaf disease of Eucalyptus, leading to the introduction of 23 novel genera, five species and 48 new combinations. Species are distinguished based on a polyphasic approach, combining morphological, ecological and phylogenetic species concepts, named here as the Consolidated Species Concept (CSC). From the DNA sequence data generated, we show that each one of the five coding genes tested, reliably identify most of the species present in this dataset (except species of Pseudocercospora). The ITS gene serves as a primary barcode locus as it is easily generated and has the most extensive dataset available, while either Btub, EF-1α or RPB2 provide a useful secondary barcode locus.
    Schlagwort(e): Eucalyptus ; multi-locus ; phylogeny ; species concepts ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 17
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    New species of Maerua (Capparaceae) from Angola (2014)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.59 (2014) nr.1 p.19
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-03-06
    Beschreibung: Genus Maerua has around 60 species represented on the African continent, of which three have been reported for Angola. Two new species of Maerua (Capparaceae) from Angola are here described. Both are closely similar to M. juncea subsp. juncea, being distinguished by floral traits such as the receptacle, androphore and gynophore (M. pintobastoae) or leaf traits such as venation, as well as size and shape of the ovary and disc shape (M. mendesii). A key for Maerua species occurring in Angola is provided, as well as a table summarizing and comparing the morphological characters for the new species and similar African species. With the description of these two new species, the genus Maerua comprises five species in Angola. Resumo O género Maerua tem cerca de 60 espécies representadas no continente Africano, das quais 3 foram já reportadas para Angola. São aqui descritas duas novas espécies de Maerua (Capparaceae) de Angola, ambas estreitamente semelhantes com M. juncea subsp. juncea, da qual diferem por carateres florais como o recetáculo, andróforo e ginóforo (M. pintobastoae) ou por caracteres foliares como nervação, bem como tamanho e forma do ovário e forma do disco (M. mendesii). Apresenta-se uma chave das espécies de Maerua que ocorrem em Angola, bem como uma tabela comparativa das características morfológicas de cada uma das novas espécies com espécies africanas similares. Considerando as novas espécies descritas, o género Maerua compreende cinco espécies com ocorrência confirmada em Angola.
    Schlagwort(e): Angola ; Capparaceae ; endemism ; Maerua ; Southern Africa ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 18
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    Petrocodon villosus (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China (2014)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.59 (2014) nr.1 p.33
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-03-06
    Beschreibung: A new species of Gesneriaceae from south-western Guangxi, China, Petrocodon villosus, is described and illustrated. It resembles P. ferrugineus, but is differentiated by several characters, such as the size of bracts, calyx and corolla, the indumentum of leaf blades, calyx, filaments and the outside of the corolla; the corolla tube shape, limb and lobes, the disc and stigma. A description of P. villosus, together with illustrations, habitat description and a diagnostic comparison are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): Gesneriaceae ; Guangxi ; new species ; Petrocodon ; P. villosus ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 19
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    Resurrection of Angelesia, a Southeast Asian genus of Chrysobalanaceae (2014)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.59 (2014) nr.2 p.103
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-03-06
    Beschreibung: Licania subg. Angelesia is composed of only three species restricted to Southeast Asia and is currently delimited as one of four subgenera of Licania, a species-rich genus of mostly Neotropical taxa. Molecular phylogenetic studies involving Chrysobalanaceae have revealed that Licania is polyphyletic. Here we propose to re-establish Licania subg. Angelesia to generic rank based on molecular and morphological evidence and the three species currently placed in Licania subg. Angelesia (Licania fusicarpa, L. palawanensis and L. splendens) are here re-instated and transferred to Angelesia, as appropriate. This new generic delimitation renders Licania an exclusively Neotropical genus, and Angelesia an endemic Southeast Asian genus.
    Schlagwort(e): Licania ; pantropical ; polyphyletic ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 20
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    Distinguishing contributions to diffuse CO2 emissions in volcanic areas from magmatic degassing and thermal decarbonation using soil gas 222Rn–δ13 C systematics: Applicationto Santorini volcano,Greece (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-06-10
    Beschreibung: Between January 2011 and April 2012, Santorini volcano (Greece) experienced a period of unrest characterised by the onset of detectable seismicity and caldera-wide uplift. This episode of inflation represented the first sizeable intrusion of magma beneath Santorini in the past 50 years. We employ a new approach using 222 Rn– δ 13 C systematics to identify and quantify the source of diffuse degassing at Santorini during the period of renewed activity. Soil CO 2 flux measurements were made across a network of sites on Nea Kameni between September 2010 and January 2012. Gas samples were collected in April and September 2011 for isotopic analysis of CO 2 ( δ 13 C), and radon detectors were deployed during September 2011 to measure ( 222 Rn). Our results reveal a change in the pattern of degassing from the summit of the volcano (Nea Kameni) and suggest an increase in diffuse CO 2 emissions between September 2010 and January 2012. High-CO 2 -flux soil gas samples have δ 13 C ∼ 0 .Using this value and other evidence from the literature we conclude that these CO 2 emissions from Santorini were a mixture between CO 2 sourced from magma, and CO 2 released by the thermal or metamorphic breakdown of crustal limestone. We suggest that this mixing of magmatic and crustal carbonate sources may account more broadly for the typical range of δ 13 CvaluesofCO 2 (from ∼− 4 to ∼+ 1 )in diffuse volcanic and fumarole gas emissions around the Mediterranean, without the need to invoke unusual mantle source compositions. At Santorini a mixing model involving magmatic CO 2 (with δ 13 C of − 3 ± 2 and elevated ( 222 Rn)/CO 2 ratios ∼ 10 5 –10 6 Bqkg − 1 )andCO 2 released from decarbonation of crustal limestone (with ( 222 Rn)/CO 2 ∼ 30–300 Bqkg − 1 ,and δ 13 Cof + 5 ) can account for the δ 13 C and ( 222 Rn)/CO 2 characteristics of the ‘high flux’ gas source. This model suggests ∼ 60% of the carbon in the high flux deep CO 2 end member is of magmatic origin. This combination of δ 13 Cand( 222 Rn) measurements has potential to quantify magmatic and crustal contributions to the diffuse outgassing of CO 2 in volcanic areas, especially those where breakdown of crustal limestone is likely to contribute significantly to the CO 2 flux
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 180-190
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): volcanic unrest ; soil gas measurements ; carbon isotopic analysis ; magmatic degassing ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 21
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    Revision of agents of black-grain eumycetoma in the order Pleosporales (2014)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 33 no. 1, pp. 141-154
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: Eumycetoma is a chronic fungal infection characterised by large subcutaneous masses and the presence of sinuses discharging coloured grains. The causative agents of black-grain eumycetoma mostly belong to the orders Sordariales and Pleosporales. The aim of the present study was to clarify the phylogeny and taxonomy of pleosporalean agents, viz. Madurella grisea, Medicopsis romeroi (syn.: Pyrenochaeta romeroi), Nigrograna mackinnonii (syn. Pyrenochaeta mackinnonii), Leptosphaeria senegalensis, L. tompkinsii, and Pseudochaetosphaeronema larense. A phylogenetic analysis based on \xef\xac\x81ve loci was performed: the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), large (LSU) and small (SSU) subunit ribosomal RNA, the second largest RNA polymerase subunit (RPB2), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) gene. In addition, the morphological and physiological characteristics were determined. Three species were well-resolved at the family and genus level. Madurella grisea, L. senegalensis, and L. tompkinsii were found to belong to the family Trematospheriaceae and are reclassi\xef\xac\x81ed as Trematosphaeria grisea comb. nov., Falciformispora senegalensis comb. nov., and F. tompkinsii comb. nov. Medicopsis romeroi and Pseudochaetosphaeronema larense were phylogenetically distant and both names are accepted. The genus Nigrograna is reduced to synonymy of Biatriospora and therefore N. mackinnonii is reclassi\xef\xac\x81ed as B. mackinnonii comb. nov. Mycetoma agents in Pleosporales were phylogenetically quite diverse despite their morphological similarity in the formation of pycnidia, except for the ascosporulating genus Falciformispora (formerly in Leptosphaeria). Most of the species diagnosed from human mycetoma were found to be related to waterborne or marine fungi, suggesting an association of the virulence factors with oligotrophism or halotolerance.
    Schlagwort(e): Madurella ; mycetoma ; Pleosporales ; taxonomy ; Trematosphaeriaceae
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 22
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    Phylogenetic circumscription of Arthrographis (Eremomycetaceae, Dothideomycetes) (2014)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 32 no. 1, pp. 102-114
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: Numerous members of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota produce only poorly differentiated arthroconidial asexual morphs in culture. These arthroconidial fungi are grouped in genera where the asexual-sexual connections and their taxonomic circumscription are poorly known. In the present study we explored the phylogenetic relationships of two of these ascomycetous genera, Arthrographis and Arthropsis. Analysis of D1/D2 sequences of all species of both genera revealed that both are polyphyletic, with species being accommodated in different orders and classes. Because genetic variability was detected among reference strains and fresh isolates resembling the genus Arthrographis, we carried out a detailed phenotypic and phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data of the ITS region, actin and chitin synthase genes. Based on these results, four new species are recognised, namely Arthrographis chlamydospora, A. curvata, A. globosa and A. longispora. Arthrographis chlamydospora is distinguished by its cerebriform colonies, branched conidiophores, cuboid arthroconidia and terminal or intercalary globose to subglobose chlamydospores. Arthrographis curvata produced both sexual and asexual morphs, and is characterised by navicular ascospores and dimorphic conidia, namely cylindrical arthroconidia and curved, cashew-nut-shaped conidia formed laterally on vegetative hyphae. Arthrographis globosa produced membranous colonies, but is mainly characterised by doliiform to globose arthroconidia. Arthrographis longispora also produces membranous colonies, but has poorly differentiated conidiophores and long arthroconidia. Morphological variants are described for A. kalrae and our results also revealed that Eremomyces langeronii and A. kalrae, traditionally considered the sexual and asexual morphs of the same species, are not conspecific.
    Schlagwort(e): Arthroconidial fungi ; Arthrographis ; Arthropsis ; Eremomyces ; phylogeny ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 23
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    New species of Maerua (Capparaceae) from Angola (2014)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 59 no. 1, pp. 19-25
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: Genus Maerua has around 60 species represented on the African continent, of which three have been reported for Angola. Two new species of Maerua (Capparaceae) from Angola are here described. Both are closely similar to M. juncea subsp. juncea, being distinguished by floral traits such as the receptacle, androphore and gynophore (M. pintobastoae) or leaf traits such as venation, as well as size and shape of the ovary and disc shape (M. mendesii). A key for Maerua species occurring in Angola is provided, as well as a table summarizing and comparing the morphological characters for the new species and similar African species. With the description of these two new species, the genus Maerua comprises five species in Angola.\nResumo O g\xc3\xa9nero Maerua tem cerca de 60 esp\xc3\xa9cies representadas no continente Africano, das quais 3 foram j\xc3\xa1 reportadas para Angola. S\xc3\xa3o aqui descritas duas novas esp\xc3\xa9cies de Maerua (Capparaceae) de Angola, ambas estreitamente semelhantes com M. juncea subsp. juncea, da qual diferem por carateres florais como o recet\xc3\xa1culo, andr\xc3\xb3foro e gin\xc3\xb3foro (M. pintobastoae) ou por caracteres foliares como nerva\xc3\xa7\xc3\xa3o, bem como tamanho e forma do ov\xc3\xa1rio e forma do disco (M. mendesii). Apresenta-se uma chave das esp\xc3\xa9cies de Maerua que ocorrem em Angola, bem como uma tabela comparativa das caracter\xc3\xadsticas morfol\xc3\xb3gicas de cada uma das novas esp\xc3\xa9cies com esp\xc3\xa9cies africanas similares. Considerando as novas esp\xc3\xa9cies descritas, o g\xc3\xa9nero Maerua compreende cinco esp\xc3\xa9cies com ocorr\xc3\xaancia confirmada em Angola.
    Schlagwort(e): Angola ; Capparaceae ; endemism ; Maerua ; Southern Africa ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 24
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    A phylogenetic study of Dothiorella and Spencermartinsia species associated with woody plants in Iran, New Zealand, Portugal and Spain (2014)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 32 no. 1, pp. 1-12
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: Dothiorella and Spencermartinsia are two botryosphaeriaceous genera with dark 2-celled conidia and found in parasitic, saprophytic or endophytic association with various woody host plants. Based on ITS and EF1-\xce\xb1 sequence data and morphology, eight new species are described from Iran, New Zealand, Portugal and Spain.\nOf these, five species are placed in Dothiorella, namely D. iranica, D. parva, D. prunicola, D. sempervirentis and D. striata, and three species belong to Spencermartinsia named as S. citricola, S. mangiferae and S. plurivora. An identification key to the species of each genus is provided.
    Schlagwort(e): Botryosphaeriaceae ; Dothiorella ; ITS ; phylogeny ; Spencermartinsia ; systematics ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 25
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    The largest type study of Agaricales species to date: bringing identification and nomenclature of Phlegmacium (Cortinarius) into the DNA era (2014)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 33 no. 1, pp. 98-140
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: Cortinarius is a species-rich and morphologically challenging genus with a cosmopolitan distribution. Many names have not been used consistently and in some instances the same species has been described two or more times under separate names. This study focuses on subg. Phlegmacium as traditionally de\xef\xac\x81ned and includes species from boreal and temperate areas of the northern hemisphere. Our goals for this project were to: i) study type material to determine which species already have been described; ii) stabilize the use of Friesian and other older names by choosing a neo- or epitype; iii) describe new species that were discovered during the process of studying specimens; and iv) establish an accurate ITS barcoding database for Phlegmacium species. A total of 236 types representing 154 species were studied. Of these 114 species are described only once whereas 40 species had one ore more synonyms. Of the names studied only 61 were currently represented in GenBank. Neotypes are proposed for 21 species, and epitypes are designated for three species. In addition, 20 new species are described and six new combinations made. As a consequence ITS barcodes for 175 Cortinarius species are released.
    Schlagwort(e): Basidiomycota ; diversity ; DNA barcoding ; ITS ; taxonomy ; typi\xef\xac\x81cation
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 26
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    Moniliellomycetes and Malasseziomycetes, two new classes in Ustilaginomycotina (2014)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 33 no. 1, pp. 41-47
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: Ustilaginomycotina (Basidiomycota, Fungi) has been reclassi\xef\xac\x81ed recently based on multiple gene sequence analyses. However, the phylogenetic placement of two yeast-like genera Malassezia and Moniliella in the subphylum remains unclear. Phylogenetic analyses using different algorithms based on the sequences of six genes, including the small subunit (18S) ribosomal DNA (rDNA), the large subunit (26S) rDNA D1/D2 domains, the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS 1 and 2) including 5.8S rDNA, the two subunits of RNA polymerase II (RPB1 and RPB2) and the translation elongation factor 1-\xce\xb1 (EF1-\xce\xb1), were performed to address their phylogenetic positions. Our analyses indicated that Malassezia and Moniliella represented two deeply rooted lineages within Ustilaginomycotina and have a sister relationship to both Ustilaginomycetes and Exobasidiomycetes. Those clades are described here as new classes, namely Moniliellomycetes with order Moniliellales, family Moniliellaceae, and genus Moniliella; and Malasseziomycetes with order Malasseziales, family Malasseziaceae, and genus Malassezia. Phenotypic differences support this classi\xef\xac\x81cation suggesting widely different life styles among the mainly plant pathogenic Ustilaginomycotina.
    Schlagwort(e): fungi ; molecular phylogeny ; smuts ; taxonomy ; yeasts
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 27
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    Novel genera and species of coniothyrium-like fungi in Montagnulaceae (Ascomycota) (2014)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 32 no. 1, pp. 25-51
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: Based on analyses of concatenated internal transcribed spacer regions of the nrDNA operon (ITS), large subunit rDNA (LSU), \xce\xb3-actin and \xce\xb2-tubulin gene sequences the taxonomy of coniothyrium-like fungi belonging in the family Montagnulaceae, order Pleosporales, was re-assessed. Two new genera are proposed, Alloconiothyrium, to accommodate A. aptrootii sp. nov., and Dendrothyrium for D. longisporum sp. nov. and D. variisporum sp. nov. One new species is described in Paraconiothyrium, viz. Parac. archidendri sp. nov., while two species so far classified in Paraconiothyrium are transferred to Paraphaeosphaeria, viz. Paraph. minitans comb. nov. and Paraph. sporulosa comb. nov. In Paraphaeosphaeria five new species are described based on asexual morphs, viz. Paraph. arecacearum sp. nov., Paraph. neglecta sp. nov., Paraph. sardoa sp. nov., Paraph. verruculosa sp. nov., and Paraph. viridescens sp. nov. Macro- and micromorphological characteristics are fully described.
    Schlagwort(e): \xce\xb3-actin ; \xce\xb2-tubulin ; ITS ; LSU ; Microsphaeropsis ; Paraconiothyrium ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 28
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    Introducing the Consolidated Species Concept to resolve species in the Teratosphaeriaceae (2014)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 33 no. 1, pp. 1-40
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: The Teratosphaeriaceae represents a recently established family that includes numerous saprobic, extremophilic, human opportunistic, and plant pathogenic fungi. Partial DNA sequence data of the 28S rRNA and RPB2 genes strongly support a separation of the Mycosphaerellaceae from the Teratosphaeriaceae, and also provide support for the Extremaceae and Neodevriesiaceae, two novel families including many extremophilic fungi that occur on a diversity of substrates. In addition, a multi-locus DNA sequence dataset was generated (ITS, LSU, Btub, Act, RPB2, EF-1\xce\xb1 and Cal) to distinguish taxa in Mycosphaerella and Teratosphaeria associated with leaf disease of Eucalyptus, leading to the introduction of 23 novel genera, \xef\xac\x81ve species and 48 new combinations. Species are distinguished based on a polyphasic approach, combining morphological, ecological and phylogenetic species concepts, named here as the Consolidated Species Concept (CSC). From the DNA sequence data generated, we show that each one of the \xef\xac\x81ve coding genes tested, reliably identify most of the species present in this dataset (except species of Pseudocercospora). The ITS gene serves as a primary barcode locus as it is easily generated and has the most extensive dataset available, while either Btub, EF-1\xce\xb1 or RPB2 provide a useful secondary barcode locus.
    Schlagwort(e): Eucalyptus ; multi-locus ; phylogeny ; species concepts ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 29
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    Expansion of the Nepenthes alata group (Nepenthaceae), Philippines, and descriptions of three new species (2014)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 59 no. 2, pp. 144-154
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: Three new species in the Nepenthes alata group from the Philippines, Nepenthes armin, N. tboli and N. zygon, are described and assessed as threatened using the IUCN 2012 standard. The group is expanded by the inclusion of N. truncata and N. robcantleyi, previously included in the N. regiae group. A key to the nineteen species of the group is presented.
    Schlagwort(e): Conservation ; IUCN ; mining ; Nepenthes ; Philippines ; taxonomy ; ultramafic
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  • 30
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    Two new species of Syzygium (Myrtaceae) from\nSaddle Peak National Park, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India (2014)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 59 no. 1, pp. 42-48
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: Two new species of Syzygium, S. hookeri and S. sanjappaiana from the Saddle Peak National Park of North Andaman Islands, are described and illustrated. The novelties are deliberated in the light of reviewed concept on the genus Syzygium and discussed with related species of Myanmar and Sri Lanka.
    Schlagwort(e): New species ; North Andaman Islands ; Syzygium ; taxonomy
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  • 31
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    Herpetospermum operculatum (Schizopeponeae,\nCucurbitaceae), a new species from India, Myanmar and China (2014)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 59 no. 1, pp. 1-5
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: A new species of Herpetospermum (Schizopeponeae, Cucurbitaceae) is described from north-eastern India, northern Myanmar and southwest China (Xizang and Yunnan). Herpetospermum operculatum was previously confused with Herpetospermum (= Biswarea) tonglense, but differs primarily in having smooth yellow-striped fruit with operculum at stylar end, ascendent seed arrangement in fruit and prominent probracts and bracts. At least a part of the collections of Herpetospermum tonglense in Myanmar and China represent misidentification of this species.
    Schlagwort(e): China ; Herpetospermum tonglense ; misidentification ; Myanmar ; north-eastern India ; taxonomy
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  • 32
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    Mitochondrial and morphological differentiation in a previously unrecognized radiation of the land snail genus Parachloritis Ehrmann, 1912 on Timor (Pulmonata: Camaenidae) (2014)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 83 no. 1, pp. 1-40
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: The present work revises the taxonomy of one group of camaenid gastropods from Timor-Leste based on the study of a large number of recently collected ethanol preserved samples as well as historic museum material, including types. By employing comparative analyses of the variation in morphological features (shell, penial anatomy) and the differentiation in mitochondrial DNA sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI) and the 16S rDNA (16S), altogether nineteen species are recognized from Timor-Leste and adjacent areas in the Lesser Sunda and Moluccas, such as West-Timor, Adonara, Leti and Sermata Islands (Indonesia). Four of these species were described previously and have mostly been placed within the genus Chloritis Beck, 1837 in the few historic treatments available. Fifteen species found to be new are formally described. In contrast to the previous taxonomic treatment, placement in the genus parachloritis Ehrmann, 1912 is proposed on grounds of comparative shell morphology. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that all examined species form a monophyletic group, which encompasses diverse shell forms. While most species have shells of the general chloritid type, which are of little taxonomic utility, highly distinct shell morphs (trochoid shells, dwarf forms) have originated within this radiation in independent lineages. Morphological change has occurred in some taxonomic lineages while the bulk of Parachloritis species has maintained an ancestral shell phenotype. This phenotypic stasis is attributed to stabilizing selection in species, which have maintained associations with ancestral habitats, while distinct shell forms have evolved as result of habitat shifts. Consequently, purely shellbased taxonomies are prone to errors due to misjudging the significance of shell characters. While some Parachloritis species uncovered here were found to be narrowly endemic, others had wide distributions that include more than one island. Narrow range endemism was predominantly found in dwarf species and in species that live in high altitudes.
    Schlagwort(e): Gastropoda ; Helicoidea ; new species ; phylogeny ; systematics ; taxonomy
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  • 33
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    Confronting the constraints of morphological taxonomy in the Botryosphaeriales (2014)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 33 no. 1, pp. 155-168
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: Identi\xef\xac\x81cation of fungi and the International Code of Nomenclature underpinning this process, rests strongly on the characterisation of morphological structures. Yet, the value of these characters to de\xef\xac\x81ne species in many groups has become questionable or even superfluous. This has emerged as DNA-based techniques have increasingly revealed cryptic species and species complexes. This problem is vividly illustrated in the present study where 105 isolates of the Botryosphaeriales were recovered from both healthy and diseased woody tissues of native Acacia spp. in Namibia and South Africa. Thirteen phylogenetically distinct groups were identi\xef\xac\x81ed based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA PCR-RFLP and translation elongation factor 1-\xce\xb1 (TEF1-\xce\xb1) sequence data, two loci that are known to be reliable markers to distinguish species in the Botryosphaeriales. Four of these groups could be linked reliably to sequence data for formerly described species, including Botryosphaeria dothidea, Dothiorella dulcispinae, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae and Spencermartinsia viticola. Nine groups, however, could not be linked to any other species known from culture and for which sequence data are available. These groups are, therefore, described as Aplosporella africana, A. papillata, Botryosphaeria auasmontanum, Dothiorella capri-amissi, Do. oblonga, Lasiodiplodia pyriformis, Spencermartinsia rosulata, Sphaeropsis variabilis and an undescribed Neofusicoccum sp. The species described here could not be reliably compared with the thousands of taxa described in these genera from other hosts and regions, where only morphological data are available. Such comparison would be possible only if all previously described taxa are epitypi\xef\xac\x81ed, which is not a viable objective for the two families, Botryosphaeriaceae and Aplosporellaceae, in the Botryosphaeriales identi\xef\xac\x81ed here. The extent of diversity of the Botryosphaeriales revealed in this and other recent studies is expected to reflect that of other undersampled regions and hosts, and illustrates the urgency to \xef\xac\x81nd more effective ways to describe species in this, and indeed other, groups of fungi.
    Schlagwort(e): Botryosphaeriales ; morphotaxa ; phylogeny ; taxonomy ; tree health
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 34
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    Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Gliocephalotrichum (2014)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 32 no. 1, pp. 127-140
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: Species in the genus Gliocephalotrichum (= Leuconectria) (Hypocreales, Nectriaceae) are soilborne fungi, associated with post-harvest fruit spoilage of several important tropical fruit crops. Contemporary taxonomic studies of these fungi have relied on morphology and DNA sequence comparisons of the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear rDNA (ITS) and the \xce\xb2-tubulin gene regions. Employing DNA sequence data from four loci (\xce\xb2-tubulin, histone H3, ITS, and translation elongation factor 1-alpha) and morphological comparisons, the taxonomic status of the genus Gliocephalotrichum was re-evaluated. As a result five species are newly described, namely G. humicola (Taiwan, soil), G. mexicanum (rambutan fruit from Mexico), G. nephelii (rambutan fruit from Guatemala), G. queenslandicum (Australia, endophytic isolations) and G. simmonsii (rambutan fruit from Guatemala). Although species of Gliocephalotrichum are generally not regarded as important plant pathogens, their ability to cause postharvest fruit rot could have an impact on fruit export and storage.
    Schlagwort(e): Gliocephalotrichum ; Leuconectria ; phylogeny ; taxonomy
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  • 35
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    [Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Mesozoic and Cenozoic Decapod Crustaceans, Krakow, Poland, 2013: A tribute to P\xc3\xa1l Mih\xc3\xa1ly M\xc3\xbcller / R.H.B. Fraaije, M. Hy\xc5\xben\xc3\xbd, J.W.M. Jagt, M. Krobicki & B.W.M. van Bakel (eds.)]: A new type of pylochelid sixth abdominal tergite (Anomura, Paguroidea) from the Upper Jurassic of Poland (2014)
    In:  Scripta Geologica vol. 147, pp. 21-25
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: Oxfordian (Upper Jurassic) siliceous sponge-microbial reef strata in the southern Polish Uplands around Krak\xc3\xb3w have recently yielded two types of sixth abdominal tergites of pylochelid paguroids. We here add a third one, Pylochelitergites exspectatus sp. nov. These small-sized, operculiform remains have a high preservation potential and thus allow us to document the geological history of two families of symmetrical hermit crabs, the Pylochelidae and Parapylochelidae, in some detail.
    Schlagwort(e): hermit crabs ; taxonomy ; new taxon ; Oxfordian
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  • 36
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    [Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Mesozoic and Cenozoic Decapod Crustaceans, Krakow, Poland, 2013: A tribute to P\xc3\xa1l Mih\xc3\xa1ly M\xc3\xbcller / R.H.B. Fraaije, M. Hy\xc5\xben\xc3\xbd, J.W.M. Jagt, M. Krobicki & B.W.M. van Bakel (eds.)]: Fossil brachyuran crabs from the Jambusan Caves (Bau, Sarawak), collected by A.H. Everett in 1878-1879 (2014)
    In:  Scripta Geologica vol. 147, pp. 289-307
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: Crustacean subfossils from the Jambusan Caves in Bau (Sarawak), collected by the late A.H. Everett are assigned to two relatively large species of potamid freshwater crabs (Brachyura) that are still extant in the area, viz. Isolapotamon bauense Ng, 1987 and I. consobrinum (De Man, 1899). While I. bauense is known to occur naturally in the caves, I. consobrinum is a primarily riverine species. On the basis of the available archaeological evidence, the two species were probably collected for food by early human inhabitants of Sarawak. Characters that are useful to identify the chelae and fingers of Bornean freshwater crabs are also discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): Potamidae ; Isolapotamon ; taxonomy ; Everett Collection
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  • 37
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    New relatives of Oxalis pes-caprae (Oxalidaceae) from South Africa (2014)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 59 no. 2, pp. 131-138
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: The genus Oxalis in southern Africa contains more than 200 species, with the vast bulk of species in the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR). Recent \xef\xac\x81eldwork has suggested that many await discovery. Here we investigate the identity of two apparently undescribed Oxalis species from Northern Cape, South Africa, using morphological comparisons with closely related taxa. We provide a preliminary phylogenetic placement using DNA sequence-based analyses of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region. Both putative new species are distinguished from all known Oxalis species based on macro-morphological traits. Molecular data placed both within a clade consisting of the weedy O. pes-caprae and its close relatives. Oxalis hirsutibulba sp. nov. is characterised by densely hairy bulb tunics, a trait absent from all known members of the O. pes-caprae clade. Oxalis fenestrata sp. nov. is unique in producing apple green succulent stems and leaflets usually with translucent white markings at their incisions. We also provide the \xef\xac\x81rst phylogenetic placement of the GCFR narrow endemic O. lasiorrhiza in the O. pes-caprae clade. In conjunction with several other recent discoveries, these two new species and the phylogenetic placement of O. lasiorrhiza show that the O. pes-caprae clade is much more speciose than previously estimated.
    Schlagwort(e): New species ; Oxalidaceae ; Oxalis ; phylogeny ; taxonomy
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  • 38
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    Miocene Bryozoa from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Part I: Cyclostomata and \xe2\x80\x98Anascan\xe2\x80\x99 Cheilostomata (2014)
    In:  Scripta Geologica vol. 146, pp. 17-126
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: The Cenozoic bryozoan fauna of Indonesia has been neglected in the past. In this pioneering study, based on new material collected during the two field seasons of the Throughflow project, we describe a total of 51 bryozoan species, comprising 15 cyclostomes and 36 anascan-grade cheilostomes, ranging in age from Early to Late Miocene (late Burdigalian to Messinian), collected from 17 sections located in the vicinities of Samarinda, Bontang and Sangkulirang in East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. Eleven of these species are new: Microeciella nadiae sp. nov., Pseudidmonea johnsoni sp. nov., Cranosina rubeni sp. nov., Parellisina mirellae sp. nov., Vincularia berningi sp. nov., Vincularia semarai sp. nov., Vincularia tjaki sp. nov., Vincularia manchanui sp. nov., Gontarella? sendinoae sp. nov., Canda giorgioi sp. nov. and Canda federicae sp. nov. Ten species show affinities with Recent taxa from the Indo-Pacific. Bryozoans are found mainly encrusting the undersides of platy corals from low- and high-relief build-ups, and coral carpets in mixed carbonate-siliciclastic environments.
    Schlagwort(e): taxonomy ; Borneo ; Burdigalian ; Langhian ; Serravallian ; Messinian
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  • 39
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    Resurrection of Angelesia, a Southeast Asian genus of Chrysobalanaceae (2014)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 59 no. 2, pp. 103-105
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: Licania subg. Angelesia is composed of only three species restricted to Southeast Asia and is currently delimited as one of four subgenera of Licania, a species-rich genus of mostly Neotropical taxa. Molecular phylogenetic studies involving Chrysobalanaceae have revealed that Licania is polyphyletic. Here we propose to re-establish Licania subg. Angelesia to generic rank based on molecular and morphological evidence and the three species currently placed in Licania subg. Angelesia (Licania fusicarpa, L. palawanensis and L. splendens) are here re-instated and transferred to Angelesia, as appropriate. This new generic delimitation renders Licania an exclusively Neotropical genus, and Angelesia an endemic Southeast Asian genus.
    Schlagwort(e): Licania ; pantropical ; polyphyletic ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 40
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    Petrocodon villosus (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China (2014)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 59 no. 1, pp. 33-36
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-10
    Beschreibung: A new species of Gesneriaceae from south-western Guangxi, China, Petrocodon villosus, is described and illustrated. It resembles P. ferrugineus, but is differentiated by several characters, such as the size of bracts, calyx and corolla, the indumentum of leaf blades, calyx, filaments and the outside of the corolla; the corolla tube shape, limb and lobes, the disc and stigma. A description of P. villosus, together with illustrations, habitat description and a diagnostic comparison are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): Gesneriaceae ; Guangxi ; new species ; Petrocodon ; P. villosus ; taxonomy
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  • 41
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    Geochemical and isotopic changes in the fumarolic and submerged gas discharges during the 2011–2012 unrest at Santorini caldera (Greece) (2014)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-09
    Beschreibung: Abstract A geochemical survey of fumarolic and submerged gases from fluid discharges located in the Nea Kameni and Palea Kameni islets (Santorini Island, Greece) was carried out before, during, and after the unrest related to the anomalously high seismic and ground deformation activity that affected this volcanic system since January 2011. Our data show that from May 2011 to February 2012, the Nea Kameni fumaroles showed a significant increase of H2 concentrations. After this period, an abrupt decrease in the H2 contents, accompanied by decreasing seismic events, was recorded. A similar temporal pattern was shown by the F−, Cl−, SO4 2−, and NH4 + concentrations in the fumarolic condensates. During the sharp increase of H2 concentrations, when values up to 158 mmol/ mol were measured, the δ13C–CO2 values, which prior to January 2011 were consistent with a dominant CO2 thermometamorphic source, have shown a significant decrease, suggesting an increase of mantle CO2 contribution. Light hydrocarbons, including CH4, which are controlled by chemical reactions kinetically slower than H2 production from H2O dissociation, displayed a sharp increase in March 2012, under enhanced reducing conditions caused by the high H2 concentrations of May 2011–February 2012. The general increase in light hydrocarbons continued up to July 2012, notwithstanding the contemporaneous H2 decrease. The temporal patterns of CO2 concentrations and N2/Ar ratios increased similarly to that of H2, possibly due to sealing processes in the fumarolic conduits that diminished the contamination related to the entrance of atmospheric gases in the fumarolic conduits. The compositional evolution of the Nea Kameni fumaroles can be explained by a convective heat pulse from depth associated with the seismic activation of the NE–SW-oriented Kameni tectonic lineament, possibly triggered by either injection of new magma below Nea Kameni island, as apparently suggested by the evolution of the seismic and ground deformation activity, or increased permeability of the volcanic plumbing system resulting from the tectonic movements affecting the area. The results of the present study demonstrate that the geophysical and geochemical signals at Santorini are interrelated and may be precursory signals of renewed volcanic activity and encourage the development of interdisciplinary monitoring program to mitigate the volcanic risk in the most tourist-visited island of the Mediterranean Sea.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 711
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Santorini Island . ; Fluid geochemistry ; Geochemical monitoring ; Seismic crisis ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 42
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    Gas geochemistry of the magmatic-hydrothermal fluid reservoir in the Copahue–Caviahue Volcanic Complex (Argentina) (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-09
    Beschreibung: Copahue volcano is part of the Caviahue–Copahue Volcanic Complex (CCVC),which is located in the southwestern sector of the Caviahue volcano-tectonic depression (Argentina–Chile). This depression is a pull-apart basin accommodating stresses between the southern Liquiñe–Ofqui strike slip and the northern Copahue–Antiñir compressive fault systems, in a back-arc setting with respect to the Southern Andean Volcanic Zone. In this study, we present chemical (inorganic and organic) and isotope compositions (δ13C-CO2, δ15N, 3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, δ13C-CH4, δD-CH4, and δD-H2O and δ18O-H2O) of fumaroles and bubbling gases of thermal springs located at the foot of Copahue volcano sampled in 2006, 2007 and 2012. Helium isotope ratios, the highest observed for a Southern American volcano (R/Ra up to 7.94), indicate a non-classic arc-like setting, but rather an extensional regime subdued to asthenospheric thinning. δ13C-CO2 values (from −8.8‰ to −6.8‰ vs. V-PDB), δ15N values (+5.3‰ to +5.5‰ vs. Air) and CO2/3He ratios (from 1.4 to 8.8 × 109) suggest that the magmatic source is significantly affected by contamination of subducted sediments. Gases discharged from the northern sector of the CCVC show contribution of 3He-poor fluids likely permeating through local fault systems. Despite the clear mantle isotope signature in the CCVC gases, the acidic gas species have suffered scrubbing processes by a hydrothermal system mainly recharged by meteoric water. Gas geothermometry in the H2O-CO2-CH4-CO-H2 system suggests that CO and H2 re-equilibrate in a separated vapor phase at 200°–220 °C. On the contrary, rock–fluid interactions controlling CO2, CH4 production from Sabatier reaction and C3H8 dehydrogenation seem to occur within the hydrothermal reservoir at temperatures ranging from 250° to 300 °C. Fumarole gases sampled in 2006–2007 show relatively low N2/He and N2/Ar ratios and high R/Ra values with respect to those measured in 2012. Such compositional and isotope variations were likely related to injection of mafic magma that likely triggered the 2000 eruption. Therefore, changes affecting the magmatic systemhad a delayed effect on the chemistry of the CCVC gases due to the presence of the hydrothermal reservoir. However, geochemical monitoring activities mainly focused on the behavior of inert gas compounds (N2 and He), should be increased to investigate the mechanism at the origin of the unrest started in 2011.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 44–56
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Fluid geochemistry ; Copahue volcano ; Fumarolic fluid ; Hydrothermal reservoir ; Volcanic unrest ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 43
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    Diffuse soil emission of hydrothermal gases (CO2, CH4, and C6H6) at Solfatara crater (Campi Flegrei, southern Italy) (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-09
    Beschreibung: Measurements of soil fluxes of hydrothermal gases, with special emphasis on C6H6, as well as chemical composition of mono-aromatic compounds in fumaroles and air, were carried out in April 2012 at the Solfatara crater (Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy) to investigate the distribution and behavior of these species as they migrate through the soil from their deep source to the atmosphere. Soil fluxes of CO2, CH4 and C6H6 exhibit good spatial correlation, suggesting that diffuse degassing is mainly controlled by local fractures. The calculated total output of diffuse C6H6 from Solfatara is 0.10 kg day 1, whereas fluxes of CO2 and CH4 are 79 103 and 1.04 kg day 1, respectively. A comparison between soil gas fluxes and fumarole composition reveals that within the crater soil CH4 is significantly affected by oxidation processes, which are more efficient for low gas fluxes, being dependent on the residence time of the uprising hydrothermal gases at shallow depth. Benzene degradation, mainly proceeding through oxidation via benzoate, seems to be strongly controlled by the presence of a shallow SO2 4 -rich aquifer located in the central and southwestern sectors of the crater, suggesting that the process is particularly efficient when SO2 4 acts as terminal electron acceptor (SO4 reduction). Relatively high C6H6/C7H8 ratios, typical of hydrothermal fluids, were measured in air close to the main fumarolic field of Solfatara crater. Here, C6H6 concentrations, whose detection limit is 0.1 lgm 3, are more than one order of magnitude higher than the limit value for ambient air (5 lgm 3). This suggests that hydrothermal fluids have a strong impact on air quality in the immediate surroundings of the fumarolic vents. Significant concentrations of endogenous mono-aromatics were also detected in air samples collected from the northern and western sides of the crater, where these gas compounds are mostly fed by diffuse degassing through the crater bottom soil.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 142–153
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): hydrothermal gases ; Solfatara crater ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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  • 44
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    Monitoring of gas and seismic energy release by multiparametric benthic observatory along the North Anatolian Fault in the Sea of Marmara (NW Turkey) (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-09
    Beschreibung: Episodic gas seepage occurs at the seafloor in the Gulf of Izmit (Sea of Marmara, NW Turkey) along the submerged segment of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), which ruptured during the 1999 Mw7.4 Izmit earthquake, and caused tectonic loading of the fault segment in front of the Istanbul metropolitan area. In order to study gas seepage and seismic energy release along the NAF, a multiparametric benthic observatory (SN-4) was deployed in the gulf at the western end of the 1999 Izmit earthquake rupture, and operated for about 1 yr at 166 m water depth. The SN-4 payload included a three-component broad-band seismometer, as well as gas and oceanographic sensors. We analysed data collected continuously for 161 d in the first part of the experiment, from 2009 October to 2010 March. The main objective of our work was to verify whether tectonic deformation along the NAF could trigger methane seepage. For this reason, we considered only local seismicity, that is, within 100 km from the station. No significant (ML ≥ 3.6) local earthquakes occurred during this period; on the other hand, the seismometer recorded high-frequency SDEs (short duration events), which are not related to seismicity but to abrupt increases of dissolved methane concentration in the sea water that we called MPEs (methane peak events). Acquisition of current velocity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, temperature and salinity, allowed us to analyse the local oceanographic setting during each event, and correlate SDEs to episodic gas discharges from the seabed. We noted that MPEs are the result of such gas releases, but are detected only under favourable oceanographic conditions. This stresses the importance of collecting long-term multiparametric time-series to address complex phenomena such as gas and seismic energy release at the seafloor. Results from the SN-4 experiment in the Sea of Marmara suggest that neither low-magnitude local seismicity, nor regional events affect intensity and frequency of gas flows from the seafloor.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 850-866
    Beschreibung: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: 3A. Ambiente Marino
    Beschreibung: 7A. Geofisica di esplorazione
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Time-series analysis ; Seismicity and tectonics ; Broad-band seismometers ; multiparametric seafloor observatory ; Izmit Gulf ; Sea of Marmara ; gas seepage ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 45
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    The European land and inland water CO2, CO, CH4 and N2O balance between 2001 and 2005 (2013)
    Copernicus Publications
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-11
    Beschreibung: Globally, terrestrial ecosystems have absorbed about 30% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions over the period 2000–2007 and inter-hemispheric gradients indicate that a significant fraction of terrestrial carbon sequestration must be north of the Equator. We present a compilation of the CO2, CO, CH4 and N2O balances of Europe following a dual constraint approach in which (1) a landbased balance derived mainly from ecosystem carbon inventories and (2) a land-based balance derived from flux measurements are compared to (3) the atmospheric data-based balance derived from inversions constrained by measurements of atmospheric GHG (greenhouse gas) concentrations. Good agreement between the GHG balances based on fluxes (1294±545 Tg C in CO2-eq yr−1), inventories (1299±200 Tg C in CO2-eq yr−1) and inversions (1210±405 Tg C in CO2-eq yr−1) increases our confidence that the processes underlying the European GHG budget are well understood and reasonably sampled. However, the uncertainty remains large and largely lacks formal estimates. Given that European net land to atmosphere exchanges are determined by a few dominant fluxes, the uncertainty of these key components needs to be formally estimated before efforts could be made to reduce the overall uncertainty. The net land-to-atmosphere flux is a net source for CO2, CO, CH4 and N2O, because the anthropogenic emissions by far exceed the biogenic sink strength. The dual-constraint approach confirmed that the European biogenic sink removes as much as 205±72 Tg C yr−1 from fossil fuel burning from the atmosphere. However, This C is being sequestered in both terrestrial and inland aquatic ecosystems. If the C-cost for ecosystem management is taken into account, the net uptake of ecosystems is estimated to decrease by 45% but still indicates substantial C-sequestration. However, when the balance is extended from CO2 towards the main GHGs, C-uptake by terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems is offset by emissions of non-CO2 GHGs. As such, the European ecosystems are unlikely to contribute to mitigating the effects of climate change.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3357–3380
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): carbon dioxide ; methane ; soil ; ecosystems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 46
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    The origin of the fluids circulating over the Amik Basin (Turkey) and their relationships with the Dead Sea Fault (2013)
    University of Patras, Greece
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-15
    Beschreibung: The Amik Basin is an asymmetrical composite transtensional basin developed between the seismically active left-lateral Dead Sea Fault (DSF) splays and the left-lateral oblique-slip Karasu Fault segment during neotectonic period. The relationship between the DSF and the East Anatolian Fault Zone is important as it represents a triple junction between Arabian Plate, African Plate and Anatolian Block in which the Amik Basin developed. The basin was formed on a pre-Miocene basement consisting of two rock series: Paleozoic crustal units with a Mesozoic allochthonous ophiolitic complex and ~1300 m thick Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene sedimentary sequence. Plio-Quaternary sediments and Quaternary volcanics unconformably overlie the deformed and folded Miocene beds. Quaternary alkali-basaltic volcanism, derived from a metasomatized asthenospheric or lithospheric mantle, is most probably related to the syn-collisional transtensional strike-slip deformation in the area. Active faults in the region have the potential to generate catastrophic earthquakes (M〉7). Nineteen samples of cold and thermal groundwaters have been collected over the Amik Basin area for dissolved gas analyses as well as two samples from the gas seeps, and one bubbling gas from a thermal spring Samples were analysed for their chemical and isotopic (He, C) composition. On the basis of their chemical composition, three main groups can be recognized. Most of the dissolved gases (16; Group I) collected from springs or shallow wells (〈 150 m depth), contain mainly atmospheric gasses with very limited H2 (〈 80 ppm) and CH4 (1– 2700 ppm) contents and minor concentrations of CO2 (0.5–11.2 %). The isotopic composition of Total Dissolved Carbon evidences a prevailing organic contribution with possible dissolution of carbonate rocks. However the CO2-richest sample shows a small but significant deep (probably mantle) contribution which is also evidenced by its He isotopic composition. Further three samples, taken from the northern part of the basin close to Quaternary volcanic outcrops and main tectonic structures, also exhibit a small mantle He contribution (Fig. 1). The two dissolved gases (Group II) collected from deep boreholes (〉 1200 m depth) are typical of hydrocarbon reservoirs being very rich in CH4 (〉 78 %) and N2 (〉 13%). The water composition of these samples is also distinctive of saline connate waters (Cl- and B-rich, SO4-poor). Isotopic composition of methane (δ13C ~ -65‰) indicates a biogenic origin while He-isotopic composition points to a prevailing crustal signature for one (R/Ra 0.16) of the sites and a small mantle contribution for the other (R/Ra 0.98) (Fig. 1). The three free gas samples (Group III), taken at two sites within the ophiolitic basement west of the basin, have the typical composition of gas generated by low temperature serpentinisation processes with high hydrogen (37–50 %) and methane (10–61 %) concentrations. While all three gases show an almost identical δD-H2 of ~ -750‰, two of them display an isotopic composition of methane (δ13C ~ -5‰; δD ~ -105‰) and a C1/[C2+C3] ratio (~100) typical of abiogenic hydrocarbons and a significant contribution of mantle-type helium (R/Ra: 1.33). The composition of these two gasses is comparable to that of the gasses issuing in similar geologic conditions (Chimera-Turkey, Zambales-Philippine and Oman ophiolites). The gas composition of the other site evidences a contribution of a crustal (thermogenic) component (δ13C-CH4 ~ -30‰; δD-CH4 ~ -325‰; C1/[C2+C3] ~ 3000). Such crustal contribution is also supported by higher N2 contents (40% instead of 2%) and lower He-isotopic composition (R/Ra 0.07) (Fig. 1). These first results highlight contributions of mantle-derived volatiles possibly drained towards shallow levels by the DSF and other parallel structures crossing the basin showing a tectonic control of the fluids circulating within the Basin .
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Patras, Greece
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): dissolved gases ; natural gas manifestations ; helium isotopes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Oral presentation
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  • 47
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    Methane efflux from the soil and methanotrophic activity in volcanic-geothermal areas: Examples from Italy and Greece (2013)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-09-15
    Beschreibung: Methane plays an important role in the Earth’s atmospheric chemistry and radiative balance being the most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. It is released to the atmosphere by a wide number of sources, both natural and anthropogenic, with the latter being twice as large as the former. It has recently been established that significant amounts of geological methane, produced within the Earth’s crust, are currently released naturally into the atmosphere. Active or recent volcanic-geothermal areas represent one of these sources of geological methane. Due to the fact that methane flux measurements are laboratory intensive, very few data have been collected until now and the contribution of this source has been often indirectly estimated. Both the Italian and the Hellenic territories are geodynamically very active with many volcanic and geothermal areas. Here we report on methane flux measurements made at Pantelleria (Italy), Sousaki and Nisyros (Greece). The total outputs of these three systems are about 10, 19 and 2 t a-1 respectively. These figures are up to one order of magnitude lower than those obtained through indirect estimations. At the global scale, microbial oxidation in soils contributes to the total removal of methane from the atmosphere. Environmental conditions in the soils of volcanic/geothermal areas (i.e. low pH, high temperature, etc.) have been considered inadequate for methanotrophic microrganisms. But recently, it has been demonstrated that methanotrophic consumption in soils occurs also under such harsh conditions due to the presence of thermo-acidophilic Verrucomicrobia. Here we present the results of laboratory incubation experiments on soil samples collected at the main exhalative areas that highlighted methanotrophic activity also at Pantelleria and Sousaki. Soil metagenomic DNA was extracted from some of the Pantelleria samples and analysed using Temporal Temperature Gradient Electrophoresis (TTGE) of the amplified Bacterial 16S rRNA gene in order to evaluate the total bacterial diversity. Soil DNA amplification with primers targeting Proteobacterial and Verrucomicrobial methane monooxygenase genes (pmmo) revealed the presence of methanotrophs affiliated to both phyla up to a depth of 11 cm and a temperature of 80°C. The diversity of proteobacterial methanotrophs was investigated by creating a clone library of the amplified methane mono-oxygenase encoding gene, pmmoA. The clone sequences are close to those of uncultured type I methanotrophic proteobacteria. An attempt to isolate methanotrophs was carried out on soils from Pantelleria, sampled at different depths, by enrichment cultures on a mineral medium in a methane-enriched atmosphere. No isolates were obtained from enrichments carried out at 65°C while incubation at 37°C allowed to isolate a few methanothropic strains that were identified as Methylocystis spp.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Kagoshima, Japan
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): soil methane fluxes ; methane output ; methanotrophic activity ; geothermal systems ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Oral presentation
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  • 48
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    Offshore and onshore seepage of thermogenic gas at Katakolo Bay (Western Greece) (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Considerable seepage of natural gas occurs throughout the Katakolo Bay, both at sea and on land, along the Ionian coast of Peloponnesus (Western Greece). Explosive levels of CH4 and toxic concentrations of H2S accumulating in the ground, pose a severe hazard for humans and tourist infrastructures. A wide offshore and onshore gas survey, including marine remote sensing, underwater exploration by a towed instrumented system, compositional and isotopic analyses, and flux measurements of gas, allowed us to assess that: (a) gas seepage takes place along two main normal faults; (b) offshore side-scan sonographs recorded at least 823 gas bubble plumes over an area of 94,200 m2, at depths ranging from 5.5 to 16 m; (c) offshore and onshore seeps release the same type of thermogenic gas (δ13CCH4~−34 to −36‰); (d) offshore gas showed increased stable carbon isotopic ratio of CO2 and propane, which suggests enhanced biodegradation of hydrocarbons; (e) isotopic data combined with thermogenic gas generation modeling and maturity plots, suggest that the gas is related to a deep Petroleum System with Jurassic carbonate reservoirs, Triassic source rocks, and Triassic evaporites; (f) H2S (δ34S: +2.4‰) is produced by thermochemical sulfate reduction in deep anhydrites, in contact with hydrocarbon-rich carbonates; (g) due to the shallow depth, more than 90% of CH4 released at the seabed enters the atmosphere, consistent with theoretical bubble dissolution models, with a mean plume output of 0.12 kg d−1; total offshore CH4 output was estimated in the range of 33 to 120 t y−1; and (h) in the onshore area at least 50 gas vents in the harbor and a large seep on the adjacent Faros hill, emit in total about 89 t CH4 y−1. Katakolo results to be one of the biggest thermogenic gas seepage zones in Europe.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 115–126
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Gas seeps ; Thermogenic methane ; Bubble plumes ; Hydrocarbon biodegradation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 49
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    Continuous monitoring of hydrogen and carbon dioxide at Mt Etna (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: This study assessed the use of a H2 fuel cell as an H2-selective sensor for volcano monitoring. The resolution, repeatability, and cross-sensitivity of the sensor were investigated and evaluated under known laboratory conditions. A tailor-made device was developed and used for continuously monitoring H2 and CO2 at Mt Etna throughout 2009 and 2010. The temporal variations of both parameters were strongly correlated with the evolution of the volcanic activity during the monitoring period. In particular, the CO2 flux exhibited long-term variations, while H2 exhibited pulses immediately before the explosive activity that occurred at Mt Etna during 2010.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 41–51
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Soil CO2 flux ; H2 monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 50
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    Geochemical features and effects on deep-seated fluids during the May-June 2012 southern Po Valley seismic sequence (2013)
    INGV
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: A periodic sampling of the groundwaters and dissolved and free gases in selected deep wells located in the area affected by the May-June 2012 southern Po Valley seismic sequence has provided insight into seismogenic-induced changes of the local aquifer systems. The results obtained show progressive changes in the fluid geochemistry, allowing it to be established that deep-seated fluids were mobilized during the seismic sequence and reached surface layers along faults and fractures, which generated significant geochemical anomalies. The May-June 2012 seismic swarm (mainshock on May 29, 2012, M 5.8; 7 shocks M 〉5, about 200 events 3 〉 M 〉 5) induced several modifications in the circulating fluids. This study reports the preliminary results obtained for the geochemical features of the waters and gases collected over the epicentral area from boreholes drilled at different depths, thus intercepting water and gases with different origins and circulation. The aim of the investigations was to improve our knowledge of the fluids circulating over the seismic area (e.g. origin, provenance, interactions, mixing of different components, temporal changes). This was achieved by collecting samples from both shallow and deep-drilled boreholes, and then, after the selection of the relevant sites, we looked for temporal changes with mid-to-long-term monitoring activity following a constant sampling rate. This allowed us to gain better insight into the relationships between the fluid circulation and the faulting activity. The sampling sites are listed in Table 1, along with the analytical results of the gas phase.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 815-821
    Beschreibung: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Fluids ; Geochemistry ; Faults ; Temporal changes. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 51
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    Methane flux from miniseepage in mud volcanoes of SW Taiwan: Comparison with the data from Italy, Romania, and Azerbaijan (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Mud volcanoes (MVs) are considered important methane (CH4) sources for the atmosphere; gas is not only released from macro-seepage, i.e., from craters and visible gas bubbling manifestations, but also from invisible and pervasive exhalation from the ground, named miniseepage. CH4 flux related to miniseepage was measured only in a few MVs, in Azerbaijan, Italy, Japan, Romania and Taiwan. This study examines in detail the flux data acquired in 5 MVs and 1 ‘‘dry’’ seep in SW Taiwan, and further compares with other 23 MVs in Italy, Romania and Azerbaijan. Miniseepage from the six manifestations in SW Taiwan MVs and seeps annually contribute at least 110 tons of methane directly to the atmosphere, and represents about 80% of total degassing during a quiescent period. Combining miniseepage flux and geo-electrical data from the Wu-shan-ding MV revealed a possible link between gas flux and electrical resistivity of the vadose zone. This suggests that unsaturated subsoil is a preferential zone for shallow gas accumulation and seepage to the atmosphere. Besides, miniseepage flux in Chu-huo everlasting fire decreases by increasing the distance from the main gas channeling zone and molecular fractionation (methane/ethane ratio) is higher for lower flux seepage, consistently with what observed in other MVs worldwide. Measurements from Azerbaijan, Italy, Romania, and Taiwan converge to indicate that miniseepage is directly proportional to the vent output and it is a significant component of the total methane budget of a MV. A miniseepage vs. macro-seepage flux equation has been statistically assessed and it can be used to estimate theoretically at least the order of magnitude of the flux of miniseepage for MVs of which only the flux from vents was evaluated, or will be evaluated in future. This will allow a more complete and objective quantification of gas emission in MVs, thus also refining the estimate of the global methane emission from geological sources.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3–12
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Mud volcano ; Miniseepage ; Macro-seepage ; Global methane emission ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 52
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    Chemical and isotopic characterisation of bulk deposition in the Louros basin (Epirus, Greece) (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: About 120 rainwater samples were collected through a network of five bulk collectors in the area of the Louros basin (Epirus, Greece) during the wet season from October 2008 to August 2009. They were analysed for their isotopic (δD and δ18O) and chemical (H+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4 +, F−, Cl−, Br−, NO3 −, SO4 2 −) composition. A local meteoric water line (δD‰ = 5.80 ± 0.02 δ18O‰ + 0.02 ± 0.12) and a local isotopic lapse rate (−0.18 δ18O‰/100 m) were obtained considering the volume-weighted means of the five sampling sites. These results agree well with those obtained in nearby areas. The chemical composition of the samples allows to identify an almost entirely marine origin for chloride and sodium with decreasing deposition values at increasing distance from the coast. Nitrate and ammonium are almost completely of anthropogenic origin, calcium and potassium are overwhelmingly geogenic, sulphate has a prevailingly anthropogenic origin with a significant marine contribution and magnesium has a mixedmarine and soil dust origin. Finally, as for most of the Mediterranean area, rainwater acidity is buffered by the dissolution of the abundant geogenic carbonate aerosol.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 399-410
    Beschreibung: 4.4. Scenari e mitigazione del rischio ambientale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Precipitation ; Neutralization ; Stable isotopes ; Chemical composition ; Bulk deposition ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.03. Pollution ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.06. Precipitation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 53
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    The episodic and abrupt geochemical changes at La Fossa fumaroles (Vulcano Island, Italy) and related constraints on the dynamics, structure, and compositions of the magmatic system (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Herein we report on the chemical and isotopic (C, H, O, and He) compositions of the fluids from La Fossa crater fumaroles of Vulcano from 1999 to 2010. Consistent with records obtained since the end of the 1980s, our data show that the geochemical features of the fumarole system have experienced several episodes of remarkable change, each lasting no more than a few months. Typical signatures of these short-term anomalies are large increments in CO2, N2, and He concentrations, coupled to increased 13C/12C isotopic ratios, but their meaning remains widely debated. Within a model of fumarolic fluids based on mixing between hydrothermal and magmatic endmembers, we have developed a novel approach to constrain chemical (He/ CO2 and N2/He) and isotopic (13C/12C, D/H, and 3He/4He) ratios of the magmatic endmember during the short-term anomalies. Although much of the geochemical variability in fumaroles results from changes in mixing proportions, the magmatic fluid unquestionably shows significant variations in time. The magmatic He/CO2, N2/He, 13C/12C, and 3He/4He values throughout 1988–1996 differed from those feeding the anomaly at the end of 2004. Early clues of the new magmatic fluid appeared in 1998–1999, far from any short-term anomaly, whereas new and old magmatic fluids coexisted after 2004. We quantitatively prove that the detected geochemical changes are consistent with the degassing path of a magma having a latitic composition, and suggest the presence of two magma ponding levels at slightly different pressures, where bubble–melt decoupling can occur. The different He-isotope compositions at these levels suggest low hydraulic connectivity typical of a complex reservoir with dike and sill structures. In this framework, the short-term geochemical anomalies are probably due to gas accumulation at the top of magma bodies followed by massive escape, or activation of new degassing levels in the reservoir, for which the stress field almost certainly plays a key role. Such a scenario explains the observed increases in both fumarole output and shallow high-frequency seismicity (due to increased pore pressure) during the anomalies, while being consistent with the concomitant absence of any deep seismicity or ground deformation, eventually related to magma movement.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 158-178
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): fumarole geochemistry ; magma degassing ; thermodynamic modeling ; noble gas geochemistry ; carbon isotopes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 54
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    The Bupleurum (Apiaceae) feeding species of Trifurcula (Glaucolepis): new species, biology and distribution (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) (2013)
    In:  Various articles vol.156 (2013) p.191
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-29
    Beschreibung: The Bupleurum feeding species of Trifurcula (Glaucolepis) Braun, 1917 are revised. Five species are recognised: T. bupleurella (Chrétien, 1907), T. sanctibenedicti Klimesch, 1979, T. megaphallus van Nieukerken, Z. Laštuvka & A. Laštuvka sp. n. feeding on Bupleurum gibraltarium in southern Spain, T. chretieni Z. Laštuvka, A. Laštuvka & van Nieukerken sp. n. feeding on Bupleurum rigidum in southern France, Spain and Portugal, and T. siciliae Z. Laštuvka, A. Laštuvka & van Nieukerken sp. n. feeding on B. fruticosum in Sicily. The group is restricted to southwestern Europe and northern Africa, the area where most shrubby Bupleurum species occur. A NJ and Bayesian analysis of DNA barcodes of four out of five species suggest a single origin of Bupleurum feeding in the subgenus Glaucolepis.
    Schlagwort(e): Bupleurum ; new species ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 55
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    Taxonomy and epidemiology of Mucor irregularis, agent of chronic cutaneous mucormycosis (2013)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (0031-05850) vol.30 (2013) nr.1 p.48
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-20
    Beschreibung: Mucormycosis usually presents as a progressive infection with significant angio-invasion. Mucormycosis due to Mucor irregularis (formerly Rhizomucor variabilis var. variabilis), however, is exceptional in causing chronic cutaneous infection in immunocompetent humans, ultimately leading to severe morbidity if left untreated. More than 90 % of the cases known to date were reported from Asia, mainly from China. The nearest neighbour of M. irregularis is the saprobic species M. hiemalis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the taxonomic position, epidemiology, and intra- and inter-species diversity of M. irregularis based on 21 strains (clinical n = 17) by multilocus analysis using ITS, LSU, RPB1 and RPB2 genes, compared to results of cluster analysis with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data. By combining MLST and AFLP analyses, M. irregularis was found to be monophyletic with high bootstrap support, and consisted of five subgroups, which were not concordant in all partitions. It was thus confirmed that M. irregularis is a single species at 96.1–100 % ITS similarity and low recombination rates between populations. Some geographic structuring was noted with some localised populations, which may be explained by limited air-dispersal. The natural habitat of the species is likely to be in soil and decomposing plant material.
    Schlagwort(e): Biodiversity ; chronic cutaneous infection ; epidemiology ; Mucor hiemalis ; Mucor irregularis ; Mucormycosis ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 56
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    Taxonomic novelties in the genus Campylospermum (Ochnaceae) (2013)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.58 (2013) nr.1 p.1
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-03-06
    Beschreibung: Four new species, one with two subspecies, of the genus Campylospermum are described, all endemic or sub-endemic to Gabon. These are C. auriculatum, C. gabonensis, C. gabonensis subsp. australis, C. glaucifolium and C. occidentalis. Distribution maps and scans of the holotypes are provided as well as preliminary IUCN Red List assessments. New combinations for nine species formerly assigned to the genus Ouratea and/or Gomphia are proposed: C. andongensis, C. glomeratum, C. longestipulatum, C. lunzuensis, C. lutambensis, C. nutans, C. plicatum and C. warneckei. Finally, one taxon is raised from the variety to species level, leading to the new combination C. costatum.
    Schlagwort(e): Africa ; Campylospermum ; conservation ; Gabon ; Gomphia ; IUCN Red List ; Ochnaceae ; Ouratea ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
    Format: application/pdf
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    Reinstatement of Nepenthes hemsleyana (Nepenthaceae), an endemic pitcher plant from Borneo, with a discussion of associated Nepenthes taxa (2013)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.58 (2013) nr.1 p.8
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-03-06
    Beschreibung: Recently, N. baramensis and N. rafflesiana var. subglandulosa were described from Borneo as new taxa closely related to N. rafflesiana. However, comparison of new collections made in Borneo with N. baramensis and N. rafflesiana var. subglandulosa indicated a synonymy. Furthermore, they were identical to N. hemsleyana, an older taxon formerly treated as synonym of N. rafflesiana. Acknowledging the taxonomic differences to N. rafflesiana, the name N. hemsleyana is reinstated following the priority rule. New evidence is presented that strengthens the interpretation to split N. rafflesiana and N. hemsleyana.
    Schlagwort(e): Borneo ; endemic ; Malesia ; Nepenthes ; pitcher plant ; reinstatement ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
    Format: application/pdf
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    Geologic carbon sources may confound ecosystem carbon balance estimates: Evidence from a semiarid steppe in the southeast of Spain (2013)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: At a semiarid steppe site located in the SE of Spain, relatively large CO2 emissions were measured that could not be attributed to the ecosystem activity alone. Since the study site was located in a tectonically active area, it was hypothesized that a part of the measured CO2 was of geologic origin. This investigation included a survey of soil CO2 efflux, together with carbon isotope analyses of the CO2 in the soil atmosphere, soil CO2 efflux (i.e., Keeling plots), groundwater and local thermal springs. These measurements confirmed the hypothesis of degassing from geologic sources. In areas with local faults and ancient volcanic structures, soil CO2 efflux rates were significantly higher (i.e., up to 6.3 and 1.4 mmol CO2 m 2 s 1) than measurements in a comparable site that was some distance from fault sites (means of 1.0 and 0.43 mmol CO2 m 2 s 1 in March and June, respectively). The CO2 concentration in the soil atmosphere at the eddy covariance site reached 0.14% v/v at 0.70 m soil depth with a 13C-enriched isotopic composition (d13C from 10.2‰ to 16.6‰), consistent with the isotopic composition of the soil CO2 efflux estimated by Keeling plots (i.e., 16.6‰). 13C-enriched CO2 also occurred in local aquifers, and there was evidence of degassing from deep crust and mantle at regional scale by the helium isotopic ratio in spring waters located about 30 km (R/Ra: 0.12) and 200 km (R/Ra: 0.95) NW of the eddy covariance site. This study highlights the importance of considering CO2 sources of geologic origin when assessing the net ecosystem carbon balance of sites that may possibly be affected by circulation of such CO2-rich fluids.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: G03034
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): carbon dioxide ; soil ; ecosystems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 59
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    An innovative method for continuous measurement of soil CO2 flux (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Herein, we present a method for continuous measurement of soil CO2 flux that is completely new and distinct from existing instruments. The foremost difference is that instead of using an infrared gas analyser (IRGA), the new device measures soil CO2 flux by means of a simple pressure sensor, measuring pressure transients inside a closed polymeric tube inserted into the soil. This allows continuous measurements even in soil placed in environments that could potentially damage IRGA. In addition, due to the innovative operating principle, measurements of soil CO2 flux can be effortlessly performed also in strongly harsh weather conditions. Theoretical equations were derived for calculating soil CO2 flux solely using measured transient values. The reliability of the equations was rigorously tested with a variety of experiments. Continuous measurements over four months, acquired in a high-emission area on the Island of Vulcano, compared favourably with the data obtained using an established method.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 102-109
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Soil CO2 flux measurements ; Continuous monitoring ; Methods of measurement ; Polymeric membranes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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    Biogenic/Abiogenic Hydrocarbons Origin - Possible Role of Tectonically Active Belts (2013)
    Aracne Editrice, Roma
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The creation of hydrocarbons is linked to tectono-geologic processes and particularly to orogenesis, rifting, overthrusts, erosion, deposition of sediments, deep gas emissions, etc.. Many have claimed the inadequacy of plate tectonics in linearly explain a number of phenomena involved in hydrocarbons generation and geological processes, and many others have defended the synthesis of hydrocarbons starting from inorganic minerals, proposing di erent geochemical processes. In this paper a possible mechanism for production of abiogenic hydrocarbons is proposed, linking it to a previously proposed orogenic isostatic model. While in plate tectonics the cold slab travels in contact with the lithosphere of the continental side, oxidizing materials faced to oxidizing materials, in this model the hightemperature reducing environment of the undepleted mantle rises up and come in contact with the relatively cold oxidizing lithospheric environment. Non-lithostatic overpressures and a number of chemical reactions are then favoured in this sort of tectonic oxidizingreducing pile, leading to a multiple origin of the hydrocarbons. The actual situation along the Italian Apennines orogenic belt seems in accord to the proposed model in which an important role should have the abiogenic hydrocarbons in particular those produced by the tectonic working at the western margin of the Adriatic plate. However, albeit a continuous accumulation of abiogenic hydrocarbons is witnessed by a number of planetary bodies of the Solar system, still no evaluation of the abiogenic/biogenic hydrocarbons rate is possible on our planet.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 463-475
    Beschreibung: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Abiogenic hydrocarbons ; Nonlithostatic overpressures ; Origin of hydrocarbons ; Earth’s expansion and ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 61
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    Origin and evolution of the fluids emitted along the “Sperchios Basin – Evoikos Gulf” Graben (Central Greece) (2013)
    University of Patras, Greece
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The study area is a 130 km long fast spreading graben in Central Greece bordered by active faults. Its complex geodynamical setting includes the presence at depth of a subduction slab responsible for the recent (Quaternary) volcanic activity in the area which possibly represents the northward continuation of the South Aegean active volcanic arc. To the area belongs also the western termination of the North-Anatolian fault a tectonic lineament of regional importance. The high geothermal gradient of the area is evidenced by the presence of many thermal springs with temperatures from 19 to 82 °C, issuing along the normal faults bordering the graben. In the period 2004-2012 more than 60 gas and water samples have been collected and their chemical and isotopic analysis revealed a wide range of compositions. Going from west to east the gas composition changes (Fig. 1) from CH4- to CO2-dominated passing through mixed N2-CH4 and N2-CO2 compositions, while at the same time the He isotopic composition goes from typical crustal values (0.02 R/Ra) up to 0.87 R/Ra (corrected for air contamination), showing in the easternmost sites a small but significant mantle input (up to ~ 10%). Isotopic composition of CH4-C indicates a thermogenic origin for the CH4-rich samples (δ13C from -50 to -37 ‰) and hydrothermal origin for the remaining samples (〉 -25‰). Positive δ15N values (around +2 ‰) indicate a contribution of crustal derived nitrogen for the N2-rich samples. The most pristine values of δ13C(CO2) refer to the most CO2-rich samples. These values (~ -3 ‰) point to a mixed mantle-marine carbonate source. Lower δ13C values (-10 ÷ -5 ‰) of the other sites can be explained by loss of CO2 due to dissolution processes. Also temperature and salinity of the waters shows differences along the graben increasing from west to east (Fig. 2). Two main groups can be separated on the basis of the total dissolved salts (TDS). The first, represented by dilute waters (TDS 〈 500 mg/l), is found in the westernmost sites characterised by the presence of CH4-rich and mixed N2-CH4 gases. The remaining waters display higher salinities (TDS from 9 to 35 g/l) due to the mixing with high salinity waters. The water composition can be explained by mixing of two end-members, one with low salinity of meteoric origin and the other with high salinity of marine origin. The mixing can be evidenced in Fig. 2. Low salinity waters show low chloride contents and their light water isotope composition overlaps the field of the cold groundwaters of the area confirming their meteoric origin. High salinity waters are aligned along the mixing line between the cold groundwaters and the seawater confirming the contribution of marine component. Most of the water compositions in the triangular graph of Giggenbach fall in the field of the non equilibrated waters being therefore unsuitable for geothermometric estimations. Only the easternmost sites (Gialtra, Ilion and Edipsos) falling the field of the partially equilibrated waters yield estimated temperatures in the range 150-170 °C. Silica geothermometers confirm these estimations. This study revealed that the complex geodynamic setting of the area is clearly reflected in the wide compositional range of the gases collected in the area that evidence contributions from different end-members (atmosphere, crust, mantle and hydrothermal systems). Water chemistry can be explained mainly from the mixing of a meteoric low-salinity end-member with a high-salinity marine end-member partially modified by hydrothermal water-rock interactions. The highest estimated temperatures in the hydrothermal reservoirs are in the range 150-170 °C.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: Patras, Greece
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): gas geochemistry ; hydrothermal systems ; Helium isotopes ; Carbon isotopes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: Extended abstract
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    Preliminary gas hazard evaluation in Greece (2013)
    Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Like other geodynamically active areas, Greece is also affected by a large number of geogenic gas manifestations. These occur either in the form of point sources (fumaroles, mofettes, bubbling gases) or as diffuse soil gas emanations. Geogenic sources release huge amounts of gases, which, apart from having important influences on the global climate, could also have a strong impact on human health. Gases have both acute and chronic effects. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulphide are the main gases responsible for acute mortality due to their asphyxiating and/or toxic properties. Methane instead represents a risk for its explosive properties. Gas hazards are often disregarded because in fatal episodes connected to geogenic gases, the cause of death is often not correctly identified. Due to the fact that geodynamically active areas can release geogenic gases for millions of years over wide areas, it is important to realistically estimate potential risks. The present work produced a first catalogue of the geogenic gas manifestations of the whole Greek territory including relevant literature data. A preliminary estimation of the correlated risk has been made for the time period of the last 20 years considering the whole population of Greece. In this period, at least two fatal episodes with a total of three victims are likely due to exposure to geogenic gases (specifically CO2). This would give a risk of 1.3 9 10-8 fatality from geogenic gas manifestations per annum. This value, although probably underestimated, is much lower than most other natural or anthropogenic risks.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1987–2004
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Greece ; gas chemistry ; gas manifestations ; Geogenic gas risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 63
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    Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale: stato dell'arte e sviluppo delle reti di monitoraggio sismico (2013)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-03
    Beschreibung: Il sistema CUMAS (Cabled Underwater Module for Acquisition of Seismological data) è un prodotto tecnologico-scientifico complesso nato con il Progetto V4 [Iannaccone et al., 2008] allo scopo di monitorare l’area vulcanica dei Campi Flegrei (fenomeno del bradisismo). Si tratta di un modulo sottomarino cablato e connesso a una boa galleggiante (meda elastica). Il sistema è in grado di acquisire e trasmettere alla sala di monitoraggio dell’OV, in continuo e in tempo reale, sia i segnali sismologici sia quelli di interesse geofisico ed oceanografico (maree, correnti marine, segnali acustici subacquei, parametri funzionali di varia natura). Il sistema è in grado di ricevere comandi da remoto per variare diversi parametri di acquisizione e di monitorare un cospicuo numero di variabili di funzionamento. Il sistema si avvale del supporto di una boa galleggiante attrezzata. La boa è installata a largo del golfo di Pozzuoli (Napoli) a circa 3 km dalla costa. Il modulo sottomarino, collegato via cavo alla parte fuori acqua della boa, è installato sul fondale marino a una profondità di circa 100 metri.
    Beschreibung: Submitted
    Beschreibung: 82-85
    Beschreibung: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Beschreibung: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Beschreibung: 2.5. Laboratorio per lo sviluppo di sistemi di rilevamento sottomarini
    Beschreibung: 5.2. TTC - Banche dati di sismologia strumentale
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Monitoraggio sismico; sistemi sottomarini; boa; meda elastica ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.01. Composition and Structure ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.03. Pollution ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.04. Processes and Dynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.05. Radiation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.06. Thermodynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.01. Ion chemistry and composition ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.02. Dynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.03. Forecasts ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.07. Scintillations ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.01. Interplanetary physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.02. Magnetic storms ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.03. Magnetospheric physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.04. Structure and dynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.05. Solar variability and solar wind ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.06. Instruments and techniques ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.01. Active layer ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.02. Cryobiology ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.03. Cryosol ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.04. Periglacial processes ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.05. Seasonally frozen ground ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.06. Thermokarst ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.07. Tundra ; 02. Cryosphere::02.01. Permafrost::02.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.01. Avalanches ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.02. Cryosphere/atmosphere Interaction ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.03. Geomorphology ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.04. Ice ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.05. Ice dynamics ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.06. Mass balance ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.07. Ocean/ice interaction ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.08. Rock glaciers ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.09. Snow ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.10. Instruments and techniques ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.01. Aerosols ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.02. Atmospheric Chemistry ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.03. Climate Indicators ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.04. Ice Core Air Bubbles ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.05. Paleoclimate ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.06. Precipitation ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.07. Teleconnection ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.08. Temperature ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.09. Instruments and techniques ; 02. Cryosphere::02.04. Sea ice::02.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 02. Cryosphere::02.04. Sea ice::02.04.01. Atmosphere/sea ice/ocean interaction ; 02. Cryosphere::02.04. Sea ice::02.04.02. Leads ; 02. Cryosphere::02.04. Sea ice::02.04.03. Polynas ; 02. Cryosphere::02.04. Sea ice::02.04.04. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.01. Analytical and numerical modeling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.02. Equatorial and regional oceanography ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.04. Ocean data assimilation and reanalysis ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.05. Operational oceanography ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.06. Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.07. Physical and biogeochemical interactions ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.08. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.01. Channel networks ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.05. Models and Forecasts ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.06. Water resources ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.01. Air/water/earth interactions ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.02. General circulation ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.03. Interannual-to-decadal ocean variability ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.04. Upper ocean and mixed layer processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.05. Instruments and techniques ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.01. Biogeochemical cycles ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.02. Carbon cycling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.04. Ecosystems ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.07. Radioactivity and isotopes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.01. Composition and state ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.03. Mantle and Core dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.05. Rheology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.02. Gravity methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.03. Heat flow ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.05. Downhole, radioactivity, remote sensing, and other methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.02. Earth rotation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.03. Gravity and isostasy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.04. Gravity anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.09. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.02. Geochronology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.01. Dynamo theory ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.02. Geomagnetic field variations and reversals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.03. Global and regional models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.05. Main geomagnetic field ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.08. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.09. Environmental magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.01. Continents ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.03. Heat generation and transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.08. Volcanic arcs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.02. Cellular automata, fuzzy logic, genetic alghoritms, neural networks ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.04. Hydrogeological data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.05. Collections ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest::05.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.05. Mathematical geophysics::05.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.06. Methods::05.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.01. Solar-terrestrial interaction ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.02. Space weather ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.01. Environmental risk ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.02. Hydrogeological risk ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 64
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    Defining a 3D physical model for the hydrothermal circulation at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy) (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Our study is aimed to develop a 3D physical model of the Campi Flegrei geothermal system, in order to achieve a more accurate and comprehensive representation of the hydrothermal processes occurring in the caldera. The new model, developed by using the TOUGH2 code simulator, accounts for the caldera rocks' physical properties, bathymetry and water table topography. In particular, the computational domain is constrained by density values obtained by tomographic inversion of gravity data collected during several surveys at CF both onshore and offshore the caldera. Empirical relations between density and porosity and between porosity and permeability, derived by published data on samples cored in deep wells or collected in outcrops, allowed us to characterize the main rocks physical parameters controlling the dynamic of the CF geothermal system. We have performed and compared several simulations investigating the effects of the injection at depth, underneath Solfatara crater, of a hot gaseous mixture rich in CO2. We show that, with respect to the available literature on 2D axisymmetric models, the effects of the water table topography together with the bathymetry and the heterogeneous distribution of the rocks' physical properties, lead to important differences in the hydrothermal circulation of fluids at CF. These constraints allow the activation of convective cells with different behaviors, which produce variable patterns of temperature inside the hydrothermal system. As a consequence, the predominant effect is again represented by a central plume below the Solfatara crater, but with a non-axisymmetric structure and a wider extension. Additionally, high temperature zones are present near the coastline and in the middle part of the submerged area of the caldera with a SE–NW alignment. Moreover, our results indicate that, the submerged part of the CF caldera would deserve a more accurate study and survey, being affected by phenomenon of heating and degassing. This information could be very useful in terms of hazard assessment and volcanic risk mitigation in such an active and densely inhabited volcanic and geothermal area.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 172-182
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Campi Flegrei ; Geothermal system ; 3D model ; Water table topography ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 65
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    The cuticle micromorphology of in situ Erica arborea L. exposed to long-term volcanic gases (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Epidermis micromorphology of in situ Erica arborea L. exposed for generations to long-term effect of volcanic gases in Pisciarelli and Solfatara di Pozzuoli areas have been studied by X-ray analyses, SEM and TEM observations. In particular, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of volcanic gases on extant and possibly fossil plants. Plants of the same species living in a nearby control site were also studied for comparison. SEM coupled with EDX analysis was used to localize different elements within the leaves (mesophyll, cell wall and cuticle). After conventional and cryo preparation, SEM of mature leaves ascertained that the abaxial side is more serrate in fumigated leaves and hairs, epicuticular wax alterations have also been noted. Leaves experiencing chronic fumigation display stomata more sunken with respect to the epidermal surface. TEM of transverse and longitudinal sections of cuticle showed an outer A2 granular amorphous layer and external to a B1 fibrillous layer. Significant statistical variations of ultrastructural components of the cuticle revealed a response of E. arborea to this extreme environment. At the ultrastructural level, significant variations in thickness of the cell wall plus cuticle, cell wall and A2 layer among fumigated and non-fumigated leaves have been found. In the studied localities a positive correlation between atmospheric CO2 concentration and the thickness of A2 layer also exists. The results are of interest being applicable in the understanding of plant cuticle responses during periods of normal vs. volcanic activity.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 197– 206
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Phlegrean Fields ; Erica arborea ; Volcanic gases ; Epidermis ; Cuticle ultrastructure ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.04. Ecosystems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 66
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    Chlorine isotope composition of volcanic gases and rocks at Mount Etna (Italy) and inferences on the local mantle source (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We present the first chlorine isotope compositional data for gases and lavas from Mount Etna (Italy), and to our knowledge, of active Mediterranean volcanism. We investigated lavas erupted and gases discharged during 2008-2011 from a high-temperature fumarole (HT; 〉300°C) and plume gases from both North East and Central Craters. Most of the samples vary in a narrow range of chlorine isotope composition (37Cl values ≈ 0 ± 0.7‰) with gases partially overlapping with rocks. Only HT gases sampled in 2009 have been clearly affected by secondary processes (37Cl values 〉 15.9‰), resulting in partial removal of chlorine and isotopic fractionation producing a 37Cl enrichment in the residual gaseous HCl. These secondary processes also affect, although to a lesser extent, plume gases from North East Crater (NEC). Although post-magmatic processes are able to modify the chlorine isotope composition, 37Cl values are not affected by magma degassing for residual fractions ≥ 0.3 in the melt, or any effect is within our data variability. Finally, 37Cl values and Cl/K ratios of magmatic chlorine constrain the Etnean source to be compatible with depleted mantle (DMM) contaminated by altered oceanic crust (AOC), in agreement with indications from more common isotopic tracers of mantle processes.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 134-142
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Mount Etna ; chlorine isotope ; plume ; fumarole ; degassing ; mantle source ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 67
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    The Earth Expansion Evidence – A Challenge for Geology, Geophysics and Astronomy (2013)
    Aracne Editrice, Roma
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Beschreibung: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Expanding Earth ; Geodynamics ; Global Tectonics ; Life Evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.03. Mantle and Core dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.02. Earth rotation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.02. Geochronology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book
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  • 68
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    Coupling geochemical and geophysical signatures to constrain strain changes along thrust faults (2013)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Anomalous geochemical signals inferred from elemental and isotopic analyses on spring waters and soil degassing are often detected in response to tectonic loading along faults. Recent results highlighted how the geochemical anomalies are closely related to episodes of crustal deformation. In the present study, the carbon dioxide and radon from soil degassing and the geochemical features of springs spatially related to fault zones in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region (north-eastern Italy), a seismic-prone area, have been coupled with crustal deformation analyses to better define the possible correlations between fluctuations of geochemical parameters and seismicity, with the aim of gaining new information about local geodynamic processes. The natural CO2 and Rn degassing was evaluated by a soil gas survey carried out by a grid of about 100 measuring sites located over the area that had been hit by strong earthquakes, in the past (Gemona – Idrija 1511, Raveo 1700, Tolmezzo 1788 and 1928, Gemona 1976). The results obtained show a significant amount of crustal-originated gases, especially CO2, possibly related to decarbonation reactions and stress accumulation occurring in deep-seated structures. The spring waters show, in some cases, anomalous geochemical transients, in particular concerning the chloride and Rn concentration, that are not related to seasonal changes and interpreted to reflect distinct fluid pressure regimes within the fault zone, yielding the leakage of pore fluids into the country-rock aquifers. In particular, the changes in the chloride content have been tentatively modeled in terms of pore-fluid expulsion from compacting clays during pressure gradients at shallow crustal levels. The flow regimes and chemical evolution have been related to the strain computed at the outlet sites through the Gutenberg–Richter relation parameters and the regional value of the strain rate. The information provided here may be used to start up a long-term geochemical monitoring of this seismically active area able to detect the modifications occurring in the circulating fluids to gain a better insight on the relationships between the geochemistry of the fluids and the activity of the local seismogenic faults.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 113-134
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): earthquakes ; strain ; soil degassing ; geochemical transients ; Friuli ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 69
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    Geogenic emission of methane and carbon dioxide at beciu mud volcano, (berca-arbănaşi hydrocarbon-bearing structure, eastern carpathians, Romania) (2013)
    North University of Baia Mare
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: As shown by previously performed flux measurements, the mud volcanoes of Berca-Arbănaşi hydrocarbon-bearing structure in Eastern Carpathians Foredeep, including Pâclele Mari, Pâclele Mici, and Fierbători, represent a main gas seepage system in Romania, with considerable emissions of methane. The present work completes these gas emission studies by reporting the flux of methane and carbon dioxide at Beciu mud volcano, belonging to the same structure, not measured previously. In total, 78 measurements were carried out in June 2011 (40 on the vents, 34 on the area covered by mud and 4 in the external area, covered by vegetation). Diffuse fluxes from mud were found ranging from 102 to 105 mg CH4 m-2 day-1, and 102-104 mg CO2 m-2 day-1; the emission from individual vents was in the range of 0.014 to 32 t CH4 year-1 and 0.003 to 2.9 t CO2 year-1. These values are comparable with those typically documented for mud volcanoes worldwide. Gas seepage occurs pervasively throughout the muddy cover, even if it appears to be saturated with water. The total emission of CH4 and CO2 from Beciu mud volcano is conservatively estimated to be at least 190 t year-1 and 35 t year-1, respectively. The Beciu output leads the total CH4 emission from the four Berca mud volcanoes to at least 1350 t year-1, a value comparable with that reported for a similar number of giant mud volcanoes in Azerbaijan. This work contributed to update the geogenic gas flux data-set of Romania and to extend the global data-set of methane and carbon dioxide emissions from mud volcanoes.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 159 - 166
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): mud volcanoes ; greenhouse gas emissions ; methane ; carbon dioxide ; gas flux ; soil degassing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 70
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    Methane uncovered (2013)
    Macmillan Publishers Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Methane emissions from natural gas reservoirs have long been largely overlooked. The discovery of abundant geological gas seeps in areas of cryosphere degradation highlights the relevance of these emissions to the greenhouse gas budget.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 373-374
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): methane ; geologic sources ; emissions ; greenhouse gas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 71
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    Sulphur-gas concentrations in volcanic and geothermal areas in Italy and Greece: Characterising potential human exposures and risks (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Passive samplers were used to measure the atmospheric concentrations of SO2 naturally emitted at three volcanoes in Italy (Etna, Vulcano and Stromboli) and of H2S naturally emitted at three volcanic/geothermal areas in Greece (Milos, Santorini and Nisyros). The measured concentrations and dispersion patterns varied with the strength of the source (open conduits or fumaroles), the meteorological conditions and the area topography. At Etna, Vulcano and Stromboli, SO2 concentrations reach values that are dangerous to people affected by bronchial asthma or lung diseases (〉1000 μg m−3). H2S values measured at Nisyros also exceed the limit considered safe for the same group of people (〉3000 μg m−3). The data obtained using passive samplers represent time-averaged values over periods from a few days up to 1 month, and hence concentrations probably reached much higher peak values that were potentially also dangerous to healthy people. The present study provides evidence of a peculiar volcanic risk associated with tourist exploitation of active volcanic areas. This risk is particularly high at Mt. Etna, where the elderly and people in less-than-perfect health can easily reach areas with dangerous SO2 concentrations via a cableway and off-road vehicles
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1-13
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Sulphur dioxide ; Hydrogen sulphide ; Volcanic risks ; Gas hazard ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Geochemical insight into differences in the physical structures and dynamics of two adjacent maar lakes at Mt. Vulture volcano (southern Italy) (2013)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We report on the first geochemical investigation of the Monticchio maar lakes (Mt. Vulture volcano, southern Italy) covering an annual cycle that aimed at understanding the characteristic features of the physical structures and dynamics of the two lakes. We provide the first detailed description of the lakes based on high-resolution CTD profiles, chemical and isotopic (H and O) compositions of the water, and the amounts of dissolved gases (e.g., He, Ar, CH4 and CO2). The combined data set reveals that the two lakes, which are separated by less than 200 m, exhibit different dynamics: one is a meromictic lake, where the waters are rich in biogenic and mantle-derived gases, while the other is a monomictic lake, which exhibits complete turnover of the water in winter and the release of dissolved gases. Our data strongly suggest that the differences in the dynamics of the two lakes are due to different density profiles affected by dissolved solutes, mainly Fe, which is strongly enriched in the deep water of the meromictic lake. A conceptual model of water balance was constructed based on the correlation between the chemical composition of the water and the hydrogen isotopic signature. Gas-rich groundwaters that feed both of the lakes and evaporation processes subsequently modify the water chemistry of the lakes. Our data highlight that no further potential hazardous accumulation of lethal gases is expected at the Monticchio lakes. Nevertheless, geochemical monitoring is needed to prevent the possibility of vigorous gas releases that have previously occurred in historical time.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1411–1434
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): geochemistry ; noble gases ; maar lake ; lake dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Active degassing of mantle-derived fluid: A geochemical study along the Vulture line, southern Apennines (Italy (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We report the results of a geochemical study of gas emissions along a NE–SW transect in southern Italy in order to test the hypothesis that the region around Monte Vulture is affected by degassing of mantle-derived fluids through a lithospheric discontinuity. We also investigated lavas from the Monte Vulture volcano displaying 3He/4He (up to ~6.0 Ra) and Sr isotopes that are consistent with an origin inmantle that has hadminimal pollution from subducted Adriatic slab. Similar 3He/4He in fluids from around Mt. Vulture indicate that the deep volcanic systemis still degassing. Mantle-derived He occurs in fluids along the length of the Vulture line, reinforcing the hypothesis that it is a deep tectonic discontinuity along which mantle fluids and/or melts advect to the surface. The CO2/3He ratios are highly variable (2.7×108–2.15×1011) in response to processes such as gas dissolution into aquifers, addition of crustal gases and degassing fractionation.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 65-74
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): nonle gases ; mantle degassing ; tectonics ; Mt. Vulture ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Comment on “CO2 variability in mid-ocean ridge basalts from syn-emplacement degassing: Constraints on eruption dynamics ” by Soule et al. [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. (2012) 327–328, 39–49] (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Commenton “CO2 variabilityinmid-oceanridge basalts fromsyn-emplacementdegassing: Constraintsoneruptiondynamics”
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 251-253
    Beschreibung: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): non-equilibrium degassing, modeling, CO2, bubble growth, MORB, gas geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    A two-component mantle source feeding Mt. Etna magmatism: Insights from the geochemistry of primitive magmas (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-10-06
    Beschreibung: Themajor elements, trace elements and Sr and Nd isotopes of selected Etnean primitive rocks (b15 ky BP) were studied in order to characterize their mantle source. The noble-gas geochemistry of fluid inclusions in minerals fromthe same lavaswas also investigated. Themajor element compositions ofwhole rocks and minerals showed that these products are among the most primitive atMt. Etna, comprising 6.3–17.5 wt.% MgO. The variable LREE (Light Rare Earth Elements) enrichment relative to MORB (Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt) (Lan/Ybn = 11–26), togetherwith the patterns of certain trace-element ratios (i.e., Ce/Yb versus Zr/Nb and Th/Y versus La/Yb), can be attributed to varying degrees of melting of a common mantle source. Numerical simulations performed with the MELTS program allowed the melting percentages associated with each product to be estimated. This led us to recalculate the hypothetical parental trace-element content of the Etneanmantle source, whichwas common to all of the investigated rocks. The characteristics of the Sr, Nd and He isotopes confirmed the primitive nature of the rocks,with themost-depleted and primitive lava being that ofMt. Spagnolo (SPA; 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512908 87Sr/ 86Sr = 0.703317–0.703325 and 3He/4He = 7.6 Ra), and highlighted the similarity of the mantle sources feeding the volcanic activity of Mt. Etna and the Hyblean Plateau (a region to the south of Mt. Etna and characterized by oldermagmatismthan Mt. Etna). The coupling of noble gases and trace elements suggests an origin for the investigated Etnean lavas from melting of a Hyblean-like mantle, consisting of a two-component source where a peridotitic matrix is veined by 10% pyroxenite. A variable degree of mantle contamination by crustal-like fluids, probably related to subduction, is proposed to explain the higher Sr-isotope and lowerNd-isotope values in some rocks (143Nd/144Nd up to 0.512865 and 87Sr/86Sr up to 0.703707). This process probably occurred in the source prior tomagma generation, refertilizing some portions of themantle. Accordingly, the estimated degree of melting responsible for each magma appears to be related to its 87Sr/86Sr enrichment. In contrast, the decoupling between 3He/4He and 87Sr/86Sr ratios requires the occurrence in the crustal reservoirs of further processes capable of shifting the He isotope ratio towards slightly more radiogenic values, such as magma aging or a contribution of shallow fluid. Therefore, different residence times in the Etnean reservoir and/or various rates of magma ascent could be key parameters for preserving the original He isotope marker of the Etnean mantle source.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 243-258
    Beschreibung: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Mt. Etna ; Hyblean Plateaux ; Primitive magma ; Mantle metasomatism ; Peridotite ; Pyroxenite ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.03. Mantle and Core dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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    Microcionid sponges from Northwest Africa and the Macaronesian Islands (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) (2013)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen (00240672) vol.87 (2013) nr.4 p.275
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-01-28
    Schlagwort(e): Porifera Macaronesia ; sponges ; taxonomy ; Clathria ; Antho ; Artemisina ; Northwest Africa ; Macaronesia ; Saharan Upwelling ; Sahelian Upwelling
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
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    The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu (2013)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.58 (2013) nr.1 p.53
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-03-06
    Beschreibung: Twenty species of Syzygium occur in Vanuatu of which eighteen are indigenous (six being endemic and one being an ancient introduction) and two are recently introduced. Three species are newly described: S. chanelii, S. flabellum and S. vanuatuense. The Syzygium flora of Vanuatu has strong links at species level to that of the Solomon Islands and Fiji, less strong links to elsewhere in the southwest Pacific and apparently no links to New Caledonia. Descriptions are provided for each species occurring in Vanuatu and identification keys are provided for flowering and vegetative material.
    Schlagwort(e): Biogeography ; ecology ; Myrtaceae ; systematics ; Syzygium ; taxonomy ; Vanuatu
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 78
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    Paepalanthus aleurophyllus, a new species of Eriocaulaceae from Minas Gerais, Brazil (2013)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.58 (2013) nr.1 p.77
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-03-06
    Beschreibung: We describe and illustrate Paepalanthus aleurophyllus (Eriocaulaceae, Paepalanthoideae). The species is narrowly distributed, restricted to the Pico do Itambé in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Detailed comparisons are made with P. diplobetor and P. ciliolatus. Paepalanthus aleurophyllus is distinguished by its densely ciliated leaves with dolabriform to fusiform trichomes in the adaxial leaf surface, conspicuous venation on the abaxial leaf surface, trichomes between the scape ribs, general habit, and other floral features. We provide detailed line drawings and commentaries on distribution, ecology, and conservation.
    Schlagwort(e): Campo Rupestre ; conservation ; Paepalanthoideae ; Pico do Itambé State Park ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
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    DNA barcoding in Mucorales: an inventory of biodiversity (2013)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi (0031-05850) vol.30 (2013) nr.1 p.11
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-04-20
    Beschreibung: The order Mucorales comprises predominantly fast-growing saprotrophic fungi, some of which are used for the fermentation of foodstuffs but it also includes species known to cause infections in patients with severe immune or metabolic impairments. To inventory biodiversity in Mucorales ITS barcodes of 668 strains in 203 taxa were generated covering more than two thirds of the recognised species. Using the ITS sequences, Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units were defined by a similarity threshold of 99 %. An LSU sequence was generated for each unit as well. Analysis of the LSU sequences revealed that conventional phenotypic classifications of the Mucoraceae are highly artificial. The LSU- and ITS-based trees suggest that characters, such as rhizoids and sporangiola, traditionally used in mucoralean taxonomy are plesiomorphic traits. The ITS region turned out to be an appropriate barcoding marker in Mucorales. It could be sequenced directly in 82 % of the strains and its variability was sufficient to resolve most of the morphospecies. Molecular identification turned out to be problematic only for the species complexes of Mucor circinelloides, M. flavus, M. piriformis and Zygorhynchus moelleri. As many as 12 possibly undescribed species were detected. Intraspecific variability differed widely among mucorealean species ranging from 0 % in Backusella circina to 13.3 % in Cunninghamella echinulata. A high proportion of clinical strains was included for molecular identification. Clinical isolates of Cunninghamella elegans were identified molecularly for the first time. As a result of the phylogenetic analyses several taxonomic and nomenclatural changes became necessary. The genus Backusella was emended to include all species with transitorily recurved sporangiophores. Since this matched molecular data all Mucor species possessing this character were transferred to Backusella. The genus Zygorhynchus was shown to be polyphyletic based on ITS and LSU data. Consequently, Zygorhynchus was abandoned and all species were reclassified in Mucor. Our phylogenetic analyses showed, furthermore, that all non-thermophilic Rhizomucor species belong to Mucor. Accordingly, Rhizomucor endophyticus was transferred to Mucor and Rhizomucor chlamydosporus was synonymised with Mucor indicus. Lecto-, epi- or neotypes were designated for several taxa.
    Schlagwort(e): Backusella ; biodiversity ; clinical relevance ; DNA barcoding ; intraspecific variability ; ITS ; LSU ; Mucor ; Mucorales ; nomenclature ; Rhizomucor ; taxonomy ; Zygorhynchus
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
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    Mapania sapuaniana (Cyperaceae), a new sedge species from Sarawak (2013)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.58 (2013) nr.1 p.45
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-03-06
    Beschreibung: Mapania sapuaniana, a spectacular new sedge species from Lanjak Entimau, Sarawak, is described and illustrated. It is closely related to M. richardsii and M. borneensis but differs in having broad leaves with a distinct pseudopetiole, reddish purple or maroon coloration on the underside of the leaf and petiole and an inflorescence composed of several spikes.
    Schlagwort(e): Borneo ; Cyperaceae ; Mapania ; Sarawak ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
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    Revision of Heteroblemma gen. nov. (Dissochaeteae – Melastomataceae) from Malesia and Vietnam (2013)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.58 (2013) nr.3 p.229
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-03-06
    Beschreibung: A taxonomic revision is presented of the new genus Heteroblemma (Dissochaeteae – Melastomataceae), formerly a section of Medinilla which occurs in Malesia and Vietnam with 14 species, 3 new, and 11 new combinations. Descriptions, illustrations, a key, and an index to collectors are provided.
    Schlagwort(e): Heteroblemma ; Malesia ; Medinilla ; Melastomataceae ; taxonomy ; Vietnam
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
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    Establishing species distributions in large tropical plant genera: insights from twelve new Thai records of Oberonia (Orchidaceae) (2013)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.58 (2013) nr.1 p.71
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-03-06
    Beschreibung: Establishing species distributions is particularly challenging in large tropical genera of inconspicuous plants. One such genus is Oberonia (Orchidaceae) which we are currently revising for Thailand. When encountering material of a putatively new species, great care has been taken to make a wide geographic search for matching extra-Thai taxa. Against this background, we here record 12 species as new for Thailand: O. dissitiflora, O. evrardii, O. gracilis, O. insectifera, O. lotsyana, O. microphylla, O. orbicularis, O. semifimbriata, O. singalangensis, O. stenophylla, O. suborbicularis, O. wenzelii. Seven records are based (at least in part) on older collections, suggesting that many gaps in currently known species distributions can be filled through revision of existing collections alone. Our wide geographic search for taxonomic matches had three important implications: 1) we succeeded in identifying five species that had not previously been recognized for Thailand or neighbouring regions; 2) we realized that circumscription of three species should be widened, with implications for their known distributions; 3) comparison of numerous collections enabled us to report additionally six new records (O. evrardii for Myanmar; O. insectifera for Papua New Guinea; O. semifimbriata for Borneo; O. wenzelii for India, Myanmar and Java). Eventually, we draw attention to new online tools and resources that facilitate improvements of taxonomic and geographic knowledge in large tropical genera.
    Schlagwort(e): Flora of Thailand ; geographic range ; occurrence ; orchids ; revision ; synonymy ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
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    Hymenostegia viridiflora (Detarieae, Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae), a new tree species from Cameroon (2013)
    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.58 (2013) nr.1 p.13
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-03-06
    Beschreibung: A new species of Hymenostegia (Detarieae, Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae) is described from Cameroon. Hymenostegia viridiflora has previously been confused with the type species of the genus, H. floribunda, but differs from it in having pale green to greenish yellow instead of lemon yellow petals, a broader upper part of the stipule, more numerous reddish veins on the white bracteoles and generally more numerous and narrower leaflets. As a consequence, the geographic range of true H. floribunda no longer includes Cameroon. Hymenostegia viridiflora is assessed as Vulnerable according to the criteria of IUCN.
    Schlagwort(e): Caesalpiniaceae ; conservation ; Fabaceae ; taxonomy ; threatened species ; Tropical Africa
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: Article / Letter to the editor
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    The Bupleurum (Apiaceae) feeding species of Trifurcula (Glaucolepis): new species, biology and distribution (Lepidoptera: Nepticulidae) (2013)
    In:  Tijdschrift voor Entomologie vol. 156, pp. 191-210
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: The Bupleurum feeding species of Trifurcula (Glaucolepis) Braun, 1917 are revised. Five species are recognised: T. bupleurella (Chr\xc3\xa9tien, 1907), T. sanctibenedicti Klimesch, 1979, T. megaphallus van Nieukerken, Z. La\xc5\xa1tuvka & A. La\xc5\xa1tuvka sp. n. feeding on Bupleurum gibraltarium in southern Spain, T. chretieni Z. La\xc5\xa1tuvka, A. La\xc5\xa1tuvka & van Nieukerken sp. n. feeding on Bupleurum rigidum in southern France, Spain and Portugal, and T. siciliae Z. La\xc5\xa1tuvka, A. La\xc5\xa1tuvka & van Nieukerken sp. n. feeding on B. fruticosum in Sicily. The group is restricted to southwestern Europe and northern Africa, the area where most shrubby Bupleurum species occur. A NJ and Bayesian analysis of DNA barcodes of four out of five species suggest a single origin of Bupleurum feeding in the subgenus Glaucolepis.
    Schlagwort(e): Bupleurum ; new species ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Microcionid sponges from Northwest Africa and the Macaronesian Islands (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) (2013)
    In:  Zoologische Mededelingen vol. 87 no. 4, pp. 275-404
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Schlagwort(e): Porifera Macaronesia ; sponges ; taxonomy ; Clathria ; Antho ; Artemisina ; Northwest Africa ; Macaronesia ; Saharan Upwelling ; Sahelian Upwelling
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Sodiomyces alkalinus, a new holomorphic alkaliphilic ascomycete within the Plectosphaerellaceae (2013)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 31 no. 1, pp. 147-158
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: In this study we reassess the taxonomic reference of the previously described holomorphic alkaliphilic fungus Heleococcum alkalinum isolated from soda soils in Russia, Mongolia and Tanzania. We show that it is not an actual member of the genus Heleococcum (order Hypocreales) as stated before and should, therefore, be excluded from it and renamed. Multi-locus gene phylogeny analyses (based on nuclear ITS, 5.8S rDNA, 28S rDNA, 18S rDNA, RPB2 and TEF1-alpha) have displayed this fungus as a new taxon at the genus level within the family Plectosphaerellaceae, Hypocreomycetidae, Ascomycota. The reference species of actual Heleococcum members showed clear divergence from the strongly supported Heleococcum alkalinum position within the Plectosphaerellaceae, sister to the family Glomerellaceae. Eighteen strains isolated from soda lakes around the world show remarkable genetic similarity promoting speculations on their possible evolution in harsh alkaline environments. We established the pH growth optimum of this alkaliphilic fungus at c. pH 10 and tested growth on 30 carbon sources at pH 7 and 10. The new genus and species, Sodiomyces alkalinus gen. nov. comb. nov., is the second holomorphic fungus known within the family, the first one being Plectosphaerella \xe2\x80\x93 some members of this genus are known to be alkalitolerant. We propose the Plectosphaerellaceae family to be the source of alkaliphilic filamentous fungi as also the species known as Acremonium alcalophilum belongs to this group.
    Schlagwort(e): Alkaliphilic fungi ; growth ; Heleococcum alkalinum ; molecular phylogeny ; scanning electron microscopy ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Taxonomy and epidemiology of Mucor irregularis, agent of chronic cutaneous mucormycosis (2013)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 30 no. 1, pp. 48-56
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: Mucormycosis usually presents as a progressive infection with significant angio-invasion. Mucormycosis due to Mucor irregularis (formerly Rhizomucor variabilis var. variabilis), however, is exceptional in causing chronic cutaneous infection in immunocompetent humans, ultimately leading to severe morbidity if left untreated. More than 90 % of the cases known to date were reported from Asia, mainly from China. The nearest neighbour of M. irregularis is the saprobic species M. hiemalis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the taxonomic position, epidemiology, and intra- and inter-species diversity of M. irregularis based on 21 strains (clinical n = 17) by multilocus analysis using ITS, LSU, RPB1 and RPB2 genes, compared to results of cluster analysis with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data. By combining MLST and AFLP analyses, M. irregularis was found to be monophyletic with high bootstrap support, and consisted of five subgroups, which were not concordant in all partitions. It was thus confirmed that M. irregularis is a single species at 96.1\xe2\x80\x93100 % ITS similarity and low recombination rates between populations. Some geographic structuring was noted with some localised populations, which may be explained by limited air-dispersal. The natural habitat of the species is likely to be in soil and decomposing plant material.
    Schlagwort(e): Biodiversity ; chronic cutaneous infection ; epidemiology ; Mucor hiemalis ; Mucor irregularis ; Mucormycosis ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    DNA barcoding in Mucorales: an inventory of biodiversity (2013)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 30 no. 1, pp. 11-47
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: The order Mucorales comprises predominantly fast-growing saprotrophic fungi, some of which are used for the fermentation of foodstuffs but it also includes species known to cause infections in patients with severe immune or metabolic impairments. To inventory biodiversity in Mucorales ITS barcodes of 668 strains in 203 taxa were generated covering more than two thirds of the recognised species. Using the ITS sequences, Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units were defined by a similarity threshold of 99 %. An LSU sequence was generated for each unit as well. Analysis of the LSU sequences revealed that conventional phenotypic classifications of the Mucoraceae are highly artificial. The LSU- and ITS-based trees suggest that characters, such as rhizoids and sporangiola, traditionally used in mucoralean taxonomy are plesiomorphic traits. The ITS region turned out to be an appropriate barcoding marker in Mucorales. It could be sequenced directly in 82 % of the strains and its variability was sufficient to resolve most of the morphospecies. Molecular identification turned out to be problematic only for the species complexes of Mucor circinelloides, M. flavus, M. piriformis and Zygorhynchus moelleri. As many as 12 possibly undescribed species were detected. Intraspecific variability differed widely among mucorealean species ranging from 0 % in Backusella circina to 13.3 % in Cunninghamella echinulata. A high proportion of clinical strains was included for molecular identification. Clinical isolates of Cunninghamella elegans were identified molecularly for the first time. As a result of the phylogenetic analyses several taxonomic and nomenclatural changes became necessary. The genus Backusella was emended to include all species with transitorily recurved sporangiophores.\nSince this matched molecular data all Mucor species possessing this character were transferred to Backusella.\nThe genus Zygorhynchus was shown to be polyphyletic based on ITS and LSU data. Consequently, Zygorhynchus was abandoned and all species were reclassified in Mucor. Our phylogenetic analyses showed, furthermore, that all non-thermophilic Rhizomucor species belong to Mucor. Accordingly, Rhizomucor endophyticus was transferred to Mucor and Rhizomucor chlamydosporus was synonymised with Mucor indicus. Lecto-, epi- or neotypes were designated for several taxa.
    Schlagwort(e): Backusella ; biodiversity ; clinical relevance ; DNA barcoding ; intraspecific variability ; ITS ; LSU ; Mucor ; Mucorales ; nomenclature ; Rhizomucor ; taxonomy ; Zygorhynchus
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Tertiary and Quaternary fossil pyramidelloidean gastropods of Indonesia (2013)
    In:  Scripta Geologica vol. 144, pp. 1-191
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: The pyramidelloidean gastropods newly collected from one stratigraphic section and two spot localities in the Rembang anticlinorium (Middle Miocene, northeastern Java) are described and those of various ages in the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden are reviewed. A total of 111 species are covered in this paper; another 22 taxa dealt with by previous authors, of which the material was not available, are briefly commented on in an appendix. The \xe2\x80\x9cRembangian\xe2\x80\x9d (Middle Miocene) assemblage consists of 89 species. Four are identified as formerly described species, namely Leucotina speciosa (Adams), Megastomia regina (Thiele), Exesilla dextra (Saurin) and Exesilla splendida (Martin); 52 are proposed as new; most of the others almost certainly represent previously undescribed species, but cannot be named because of inadequate material. Parodostomia jogjacartensis (Martin), Parodostomia vandijki (Martin) and Pyramidella nanggulanica Finlay, described from the Eocene deposits of Java, seem to be restricted to that epoch. The Neogene fauna appears to be composed almost entirely of extinct species. Only Leucotina speciosa (Adams), Megastomia regina (Thiele), Longchaeus turritus (Adams), Pyramidella balteata (Adams), Exesilla dextra (Saurin) and Nisiturris alma (Thiele) are still present in modern Indo-West Pacific faunas. Most Neogene species seem to be endemic of the Indonesian Archipelago; relationships with other West Pacific fossil faunas have been noted for only a few taxa. The relevance of shell characters in generic recognition, namely the protoconch type, the course and/or the inner lirations of the outer lip, and the sculpture (when present), are significant characters. None of them is genus-diagnostic in itself, but their combination distinguishes the various genera. On this basis, genera are revised and include only those species sharing the relevant characters of their respective type species. The new genera Bulimoscilla, Nisipyrgiscus, Turbolidium and Bulicingulina are introduced.
    Schlagwort(e): Gastropoda ; Pyramidelloidea ; taxonomy
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  • 90
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    Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae and Pectinidae) from the Panglao region, Philippine Islands (2013)
    In:  Vita Malacologica vol. 10, pp. 1-108
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: Sixty one Pectinoidea species (11 Propeamussiidae and 50 Pectinidae) collected by the 2004 Panglao Marine Biodiversity Project (PMBP) to Panglao, Philippines, and the PANGLAO 2005 Deep-Sea Cruise are described. One Propeamussiidae species is new to science: Parvamussium largoi spec. nov. Three pectinoidean species (1 Propeamus-siidae, 2 Pectinidae) are new records for the Philippines: Similipecten eous (Melvill in Melvill & Standen, 1907), "Mimachlamys" kauaiensis (Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938) and Haumea rehderi (Grau, 1960). Records of species in the ZMA collection (now Naturalis Biodiversity Center) from the Philippines, not sampled by PMBP 2004 and PANGLAO 2005, are given. Amussium electrum Pelseneer, 1911 is newly synonymised with Propeamussium caducum (E.A. Smith, 1885). Type data, references, descriptions, horizontal and vertical distribution and habitat of each species are provided.
    Schlagwort(e): Bivalvia ; Pectinoidea ; Propeamussiidae ; Pactinidae ; Panglao ; Philippines ; recent ; taxonomy ; nomenclature ; new species ; distribution
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  • 91
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    The phylogenetic position of Artematopodidae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea), with description of the first two Eurypogon species from China (2013)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 82 no. 4, pp. 199-208
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-01-12
    Beschreibung: The Artematopodidae is a species-poor beetle family with contentious relationships to byrrhoid and elateroid families. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses brought ambiguous results based on a single sequenced species. We investigated the taxonomic placement of Artematopodidae within Elateriformia using ribosomal (18S, 28S) and mitochondrial (rrnL, cox1) molecular markers and three artematopodid species. Our analyses placed Artematopodidae close to Omethidae+Telegeusidae in a basal position of broadly defined Elateroidea. Additionally, we described the first artematopodid species from China \xe2\x80\x93 Eurypogon jaechi sp. nov. and E. heishuiensis sp. nov. These species are reported from mountains of Yunnan and can be easily distinguished from their Palaearctic congeners by their large bodies and metallic green elytra. They differ from each other by the shape of the pronotum, puncturation of the head and pronotum, the relative lengths of the antennomeres 3-5, and the morphology of the female genitalia. With respect to our findings, we discussed the phylogeny, diversity and distribution of the family Artematopodidae.
    Schlagwort(e): mtDNA ; rDNA ; diversity ; Elateriformia ; new species ; Palaearctic Region ; phylogeny ; taxonomy
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Paepalanthus aleurophyllus, a new species of Eriocaulaceae from Minas Gerais, Brazil (2013)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 58 no. 1, pp. 77-79
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-10
    Beschreibung: We describe and illustrate Paepalanthus aleurophyllus (Eriocaulaceae, Paepalanthoideae). The species is narrowly distributed, restricted to the Pico do Itambé in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Detailed comparisons are made with P. diplobetor and P. ciliolatus. Paepalanthus aleurophyllus is distinguished by its densely ciliated leaves with dolabriform to fusiform trichomes in the adaxial leaf surface, conspicuous venation on the abaxial leaf surface, trichomes between the scape ribs, general habit, and other floral features. We provide detailed line drawings and commentaries on distribution, ecology, and conservation.
    Schlagwort(e): Campo Rupestre ; conservation ; Paepalanthoideae ; Pico do Itambé State Park ; taxonomy
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    Mapania sapuaniana (Cyperaceae), a new sedge species from Sarawak (2013)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 58 no. 1, pp. 45-48
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-10
    Beschreibung: Mapania sapuaniana, a spectacular new sedge species from Lanjak Entimau, Sarawak, is described and illustrated. It is closely related to M. richardsii and M. borneensis but differs in having broad leaves with a distinct pseudopetiole, reddish purple or maroon coloration on the underside of the leaf and petiole and an inflorescence composed of several spikes.
    Schlagwort(e): Borneo ; Cyperaceae ; Mapania ; Sarawak ; taxonomy
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    Reinstatement of Nepenthes hemsleyana (Nepenthaceae), an endemic pitcher plant from Borneo, with a discussion of associated Nepenthes taxa (2013)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 58 no. 1, pp. 8-12
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-10
    Beschreibung: Recently, N. baramensis and N. rafflesiana var. subglandulosa were described from Borneo as new taxa closely related to N. rafflesiana. However, comparison of new collections made in Borneo with N. baramensis and N. rafflesiana var. subglandulosa indicated a synonymy. Furthermore, they were identical to N. hemsleyana, an older taxon formerly treated as synonym of N. rafflesiana. Acknowledging the taxonomic differences to N. rafflesiana, the name N. hemsleyana is reinstated following the priority rule. New evidence is presented that strengthens the interpretation to split N. rafflesiana and N. hemsleyana.
    Schlagwort(e): Borneo ; endemic ; Malesia ; Nepenthes ; pitcher plant ; reinstatement ; taxonomy
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    Establishing species distributions in large tropical plant genera: insights from twelve new Thai records of Oberonia (Orchidaceae) (2013)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 58 no. 1, pp. 71-76
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-10
    Beschreibung: Establishing species distributions is particularly challenging in large tropical genera of inconspicuous plants. One such genus is Oberonia (Orchidaceae) which we are currently revising for Thailand. When encountering material of a putatively new species, great care has been taken to make a wide geographic search for matching extra-Thai taxa. Against this background, we here record 12 species as new for Thailand: O. dissitiflora, O. evrardii, O. gracilis, O. insectifera, O. lotsyana, O. microphylla, O. orbicularis, O. semifimbriata, O. singalangensis, O. stenophylla, O. suborbicularis, O. wenzelii. Seven records are based (at least in part) on older collections, suggesting that many gaps in currently known species distributions can be filled through revision of existing collections alone. Our wide geographic search for taxonomic matches had three important implications: 1) we succeeded in identifying five species that had not previously been recognized for Thailand or neighbouring regions; 2) we realized that circumscription of three species should be widened, with implications for their known distributions; 3) comparison of numerous collections enabled us to report additionally six new records (O. evrardii for Myanmar; O. insectifera for Papua New Guinea; O. semifimbriata for Borneo; O. wenzelii for India, Myanmar and Java). Eventually, we draw attention to new online tools and resources that facilitate improvements of taxonomic and geographic knowledge in large tropical genera.
    Schlagwort(e): Flora of Thailand ; geographic range ; occurrence ; orchids ; revision ; synonymy ; taxonomy
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    Hymenostegia viridiflora (Detarieae, Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae), a new tree species from Cameroon (2013)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 58 no. 1, pp. 13-17
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-10
    Beschreibung: A new species of Hymenostegia (Detarieae, Caesalpinioideae, Leguminosae) is described from Cameroon. Hymenostegia viridiflora has previously been confused with the type species of the genus, H. floribunda, but differs from it in having pale green to greenish yellow instead of lemon yellow petals, a broader upper part of the stipule, more numerous reddish veins on the white bracteoles and generally more numerous and narrower leaflets. As a consequence, the geographic range of true H. floribunda no longer includes Cameroon. Hymenostegia viridiflora is assessed as Vulnerable according to the criteria of IUCN.
    Schlagwort(e): Caesalpiniaceae ; conservation ; Fabaceae ; taxonomy ; threatened species ; Tropical Africa
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    Revision of Heteroblemma gen. nov. (Dissochaeteae – Melastomataceae) from Malesia and Vietnam (2013)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 58 no. 3, pp. 229-240
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-10
    Beschreibung: A taxonomic revision is presented of the new genus Heteroblemma (Dissochaeteae – Melastomataceae), formerly a section of Medinilla which occurs in Malesia and Vietnam with 14 species, 3 new, and 11 new combinations. Descriptions, illustrations, a key, and an index to collectors are provided.
    Schlagwort(e): Heteroblemma ; Malesia ; Medinilla ; Melastomataceae ; taxonomy ; Vietnam
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    Cochinchinochloa (Gramineae: Bambusoideae-Bambusineae), a new bamboo genus endemic to Braian mountain, southern Vietnam (2013)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 58 no. 1, pp. 28-32
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-10
    Beschreibung: A clambering bamboo endemic to Braian mountain, southern Vietnam represents a new monotypic endemic genus, Cochinchinochloa H.N.Nguyen & V.T.Tran (Gramineae: Bambusoideae-Bambusinae), which is described and illustrated. Its culm nodes and the nodes of leafy branches exhibit a thick swollen patella, and in the reproductive state this taxon bears pseudospikelets having two perfect florets, with an elongated rachilla internode between the perfect florets, a rachilla extension bearing an imperfect floret at maturity, a narrowly 2-keeled palea with a distinct abaxial groove, three lodicules, six stamens, free filaments, a glabrous ovary with a long style and three stigmas, and an oblong caryopsis with a relatively thin pericarp.
    Schlagwort(e): Bambusinae ; Bambusoideae ; Cochinchinochloa ; C. braiana ; new genus ; taxonomy
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    The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu (2013)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 58 no. 1, pp. 53-67
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-10
    Beschreibung: Twenty species of Syzygium occur in Vanuatu of which eighteen are indigenous (six being endemic and one being an ancient introduction) and two are recently introduced. Three species are newly described: S. chanelii, S. flabellum and S. vanuatuense. The Syzygium flora of Vanuatu has strong links at species level to that of the Solomon Islands and Fiji, less strong links to elsewhere in the southwest Pacific and apparently no links to New Caledonia. Descriptions are provided for each species occurring in Vanuatu and identification keys are provided for flowering and vegetative material.
    Schlagwort(e): Biogeography ; ecology ; Myrtaceae ; systematics ; Syzygium ; taxonomy ; Vanuatu
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    Taxonomic novelties in the genus Campylospermum (Ochnaceae) (2013)
    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 58 no. 1, pp. 1-7
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    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-10
    Beschreibung: Four new species, one with two subspecies, of the genus Campylospermum are described, all endemic or sub-endemic to Gabon. These are C. auriculatum, C. gabonensis, C. gabonensis subsp. australis, C. glaucifolium and C. occidentalis. Distribution maps and scans of the holotypes are provided as well as preliminary IUCN Red List assessments. New combinations for nine species formerly assigned to the genus Ouratea and/or Gomphia are proposed: C. andongensis, C. glomeratum, C. longestipulatum, C. lunzuensis, C. lutambensis, C. nutans, C. plicatum and C. warneckei. Finally, one taxon is raised from the variety to species level, leading to the new combination C. costatum.
    Schlagwort(e): Africa ; Campylospermum ; conservation ; Gabon ; Gomphia ; IUCN Red List ; Ochnaceae ; Ouratea ; taxonomy
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