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  • Articles  (115)
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  • 1
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    Regional groundwater flow and interactions with deep fluids in western Apennine: the case of Narni-Amelia chain (Central Italy) (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-07
    Description: The elemental fluxes and heat flow associated with large aquifer systems can be significant both at local and at regional scales. In fact, large amounts of heat transported by regional groundwater flow can affect the subsurface thermal regime, and the amount of matter discharged towards the surface by large spring systems can be significant relative to the elemental fluxes of surface waters. The Narni-Amelia regional aquifer system (Central Italy) discharges more than 13 m3 sec)1 of groundwater characterised by a slight thermal anomaly, high salinity and high pCO2. During circulation in the regional aquifer, groundwater reacts with the host rocks (dolostones, limestones and evaporites) and mixes with deep CO2-rich fluids of mantle origin. These processes transfer large amounts of dissolved substances, in particular carbon dioxide, and a considerable amount of heat towards the surface. Because practically all the water circulating in the Narni-Amelia system is discharged by few large springs (Stifone-Montoro), the mass and energy balance of these springs can give a good estimation of the mass and heat transported from the entire system towards the surface. By means of a detailed mass and balance of the aquifer and considering the soil CO2 fluxes measured from the main gas emission of the region, we computed a total CO2 discharge of about 7.8 · 109 mol a)1 for the whole Narni-Amelia system. Finally, considering the enthalpy difference between infiltrating water and water discharged by the springs, we computed an advective heat transfer related to groundwater flow of 410 ± 50 MW.
    Description: Published
    Description: 182-196
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: carbon dioxide degassing ; heat flow ; regional aquifer ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    Empirical H/V spectral ratios estimated in two deep sedimentary basins using microseisms recorded by short-period seismometers (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-22
    Description: In this work, we analyse continuous measurements of microseisms to assess the reliability of the fundamental resonance frequency estimated by means of the horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio within the 0.1–1 Hz frequency range, using short-period sensors (natural period of 1 s). We apply the H/V technique to recordings of stations installed in two alluvial basins with different sedimentary cover thicknesses—the Lower Rhine Embayment (Germany) and the Gubbio Plain (Central Italy). The spectral ratios are estimated over the time–frequency domain, and we discuss the reliability of the results considering both the variability of the microseism activity and the amplitude of the instrumental noise. We show that microseisms measured by short period sensors allow the retrieval of fundamental resonance frequencies greater than about 0.1–0.2 Hz, with this lower frequency bound depending on the relative amplitude of themicroseism signal and the self-noise of the instruments. In particular,we show an examplewhere the considered short-period sensor is connected to instruments characterized by an instrumental noise level which allows detecting only fundamental frequencies greater than about 0.4 Hz. Since the frequency at which the peak of the H/V spectral ratio is biased depends upon the seismic signal-to-instrument noise ratio, the power spectral amplitude of instrumental self-noise should be always considered when interpreting the frequency of the peak as the fundamental resonance frequency of the investigated site.
    Description: Published
    Description: 175-184
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: site effects ; fourier analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Greenland uplift and regional sea–level changes from ICESat observations and GIA modeling (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: We study the implications of a recently published mass balance of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS), derived from repeated surface elevation measurements from NASA’s ice cloud and land elevation satellite (ICESat) for the time period between 2003 and 2008. To characterize the effects of this new, high-resolution GrIS mass balance, we study the time-variations of various geophysical quantities in response to the current mass loss. They include vertical uplift and subsidence, geoid height variations, global patterns of sea level change (or fingerprints), and regional sea level variations along the coasts of Greenland. Long-wavelength uplifts and gravity variations in response to current or past ice thickness variations are obtained solving the sea level equation, which accounts for both the elastic and the viscoelastic components of deformation. To capture the short-wavelength components of vertical uplift in response to current ice mass loss, which is not resolved by satellite gravity observations, we have specifically developed a high-resolution regional elastic rebound (ER) model. The elastic component of vertical uplift is combined with estimates of the viscoelastic displacement fields associated with the process of glacial-isostatic adjustment (GIA), according to a set of published ice chronologies and associated mantle rheological profiles. We compare the sensitivity of global positioning system (GPS) observations along the coasts of Greenland to the ongoing ER and GIA. In notable contrast with past reports, we show that vertical velocities obtained by GPS data from five stations with sufficiently long records and from one tide gauge at the GrIS margins can be reconciled with model predictions based on the ICE-5G deglaciation model and the ER associated with the new ICESat-derived mass balance.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1457-1474
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Sea level change ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    BUILDING MATERIALS OF THE THEATRE OF MARCELLUS, ROME* (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-22
    Description: The building materials of the Theatre of Marcellus, 44–11 BCE, reflect Roman builders’ careful selections of tuff and travertine for dimension stone and volcanic aggregates for pozzolanic concretes. The vitric–lithic–crystal Tufo Lionato tuff dimension stone contains a high proportion of lava lithic fragments, which increase its compressive strength and decrease water sorption, enhancing durability. Sophisticated installations of travertine dimension stone reinforce the tuff masonry, which is integrated with durable concrete walls and barrel vaults. The pozzolanic mortars of the concretes contain harenae fossiciae mainly from the intermediate alteration facies of the mid-Pleistocene, scoriaceous Pozzolane Rosse pyroclastic flow. They have pervasive interpenetrating pozzolanic cements, including strätlingite, similar to highquality, imperial era mortars. Concrete walls are faced with refined Tufo Lionato opus reticulatum and tufelli, and opus testaceum of fired, greyish-yellow brick. The exploratory concrete masonry, which includes some of the earliest examples of brick facings and strätlingite cements in Rome, and the integration of these materials in complex architectural elements and internal spaces, reflect the highly skilled workmanship, rigorous work-site management and technical supervision of Roman builders trained in republican era methods and materials.
    Description: Published
    Description: 728–742
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: VOLCANIC TUFF MASONRY ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Gas hazard assessment at the Monticchio Mt. Vulture, a volcano in Southern Italy (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Geochemical investigations have shown that there is a considerable inflow of gas into both crater lakes of Monticchio, Southern Italy. These lakes are located in two maars that formed 140 000 years ago during Mt. Vulture volcano s last eruptive activity. Isotopic analyses suggest that CO2 and helium are of magmatic origin; the latter displays 3He ⁄ 4He isotope ratios similar to those measured in olivines of the maar ejecta. In spite of the fact that the amount of dissolved gases in the water is less than that found in Lake Nyos (Cameroon), both the results obtained and the historical reports studied indicate that these crater lakes could be highly hazardous sites, even though they are located in a region currently considered inactive. This could be of special significance in very popular tourist areas such as the Monticchio lakes, which are visited by about 30 000 people throughout the summer, for the most part on Sundays.
    Description: Published
    Description: 83-87
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: volcanic gases ; gas hazard ; crater lakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Seismic moment tensors of the April 2009, L’Aquila (Central Italy), (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On 2009 April 6, the Central Apennines were hit by an Mw = 6.3 earthquake. The region had been shaken since 2008 October by seismic activity that culminated in two foreshocks with Mw 〉 4, 1 week and a few hours before the main shock. We computed seismic moment tensors for 26 events with Mw between 3.9 and 6.3, using the Regional Centroid Moment Tensor (RCMT) scheme. Most of these source parameters have been computed within 1 hr after the earthquake and rapidly revised successively. The focal mechanisms are all extensional, with a variable and sometimes significant strike-slip component. This geometry agrees with the NE–SW extensional deformation of the Apennines, known from previous seismic and geodetic observations. Events group into three clusters. Those located in the southern area have larger centroid depths and a wider distribution of T-axis directions. These differences suggest that towards south a different fault systemwas activated with respect to the SW-dipping normal faults beneath L’Aquila and more to the north.
    Description: In press
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: moment tensor ; seismotectonics ; L'Aquila ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    The Mw 6.3, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake: source, path and site effects from spectral analysis of strong motion data (2009)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The strong motion data of 2009 April 6 L’Aquila (Central Italy) earthquake (Mw = 6.3) and of 12 aftershocks (4.1 ≤ Mw ≤ 5.6) recorded by 56 stations of the Italian strong motion network are spectrally analysed to estimate the source parameters, the seismic attenuation, and the site amplification effects. The obtained source spectra for S wave have stress drop values ranging from 2.4 to 16.8 MPa, being the stress drop of the main shock equal to 9.2 MPa. The spectral curves describing the attenuation with distance show the presence of shoulders and bumps, mainly around 50 and 150 km, as consequence of significant reflected and refracted arrivals from crustal interfaces. The attenuation in the first 50 km is well described by a quality factor equal to Q( f ) = 59 f 0.56 obtained by fixing the geometrical spreading exponent to 1. Finally, the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio provides unreliable estimates of local site effects for those stations showing large amplifications over the vertical component of motion.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1573–1579
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Generalized inversion ; strong-motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    The effect of directivity in PSHA framework (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We propose a method to introduce a refined representation of the ground motion in the framework of the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA). This study is especially oriented to the incorporation of a priori information about source parameters, by focusing on the directivity effect and its influence on seismic hazard maps. Two strategies have been followed. One considers the seismic source as an extended source, and it is valid when the PSHA seismogenetic sources are represented as fault segments. We show that the incorporation of variables related to the directivity effect can lead to variations up to 30% of the hazard level, in terms of spectral acceleration response at 5 sec., exceeding probability of 10% in 50 years. The second one concerns the more general problem of the seismogenetic areas, where each point is a seismogenetic source having the same chance of enucleate a seismic event. In our proposition the point source is associated to the rupture-related parameters, defined using a statistical description. As an example, we consider a source point of an area characterized by strike slip faulting style. With the introduction of the directivity correction the modulation of the hazard map reaches values up to 100%. The introduction of directivity does not increase uniformly the hazard level, but acts more like a redistribution of the estimation that is consistent with the fault orientation. A general increase appears only when no a-priori information is available. However, nowadays good a-priori knowledge exists on style of faulting, dip and orientation of faults associated to the majority of the seismogenetic zones of the present seismic hazard maps. Following this method, all the information collected may be easily converted to obtain a more comprehensive and meaningful probabilistic Seismic Hazard formulation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 616-626
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Earthquake ground motion ; Earthquake source observation ; Probabilistic Seismic Hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Microstructures of melt inclusions in anatectic metasedimentary (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The occurrence of crystallized and glassy melt inclusions (MI) in high-grade, partially melted metapelites and metagraywackes has opened up new possibilities to investigate anatectic processes. The present study focuses on three case studies: khondalites from the Kerala Khondalite Belt (India), the Ronda migmatites (Spain), and the Barun Gneiss (Nepal Himalaya). The results of a detailed microstructural investigation are reported, along with some new microchemical data on the bulk composition of MI. These inclusions were trapped within peritectic garnet and ilmenite during crystal growth and are therefore primary inclusions. They are generally isometric and very small in size, mostly £15 lm, and only rarely reaching 30 lm; they occur in clusters. In most cases inclusions are crystallized ( nanogranites ) and contain a granitic phase assemblage with quartz, feldspar and one or two mica depending on the particular case study, commonly with accessory phases (mainly zircon, apatite, rutile). In many cases the polycrystalline aggregates that make up the nanogranites show igneous microstructures, e.g. granophyric intergrowths, micrographic quartz in K-feldspar and cuneiform rods of quartz in plagioclase. Further evidence for the former presence of melt within the investigated inclusions consists of melt pseudomorphs, similar to those recognized at larger scale in the host migmatites. Moreover, partially crystallized inclusions are locally abundant and together with very small (£8 lm) glassy inclusions may occur in the same clusters. Both crystallized and partially crystallized inclusions often display a diffuse nanoporosity, which may contain fluids, depending on the case study. After entrapment, inclusions underwent limited microstructural modifications, such as shape maturation, local necking down processes, and decrepitation (mainly in the Barun Gneiss), which did not influence their bulk composition. Re-homogenized nanogranites and glassy inclusions show a leucogranitic and peraluminous composition, consistent with the results of partial melting experiments on metapelites and metagraywackes. Anatectic MI should therefore be considered as a new and important opportunity to understand the partial melting processes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 303-322
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: garnet ; melt inclusions ; melt microstructures ; migmatites ; nanogranite ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Ground deformation at calderas driven by fluid injection: modelling unrest episodes at Campi Flegrei (Italy) (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: Campi Flegrei collapse caldera (Italy) is a high-risk volcanic area located close to Naples and includes part of the densely populated city. This area is characterised by large up and down ground displacements. The last large uplift episode caused 3.5 m of cumulative vertical displacement at the centre of the town of Pozzuoli, during the period 1969–1984. Up and down ground movements in this area often occur without intercurring eruptions and are similar to what is observed at other calderas worldwide. Here, however, they appear more evident and amplified. Understanding the mechanism of such movements is crucial for hazard assessment and eruption forecast, mainly due to this densely populated area. This paper presents a detailed model for ground displacements due to deep fluid injection in shallower layers. Such a model explains in a natural way the occurrence of uplift and subsidence without eruptions. We show that it is possible to fit observed ground deformation in this area with a thermofluid dynamical model. The model obtained is also consistent with other observations like microgravity changes, changes in CO2 flux, etc. Here, we suggest that significant uplift and subsidence at calderas can be due to effects of deep fluid injections other than magma. At Campi Flegrei, however, a partial magmatic contribution at the origin of the observed episodes cannot be excluded.
    Description: Published
    Description: 833–847
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Numerical approximations and analysis; Hydrothermal systems; Explosive volcanism; Calderas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Mantle viscosity inference: a comparison between Simulated Annealing and Neighbourhood Algorithm inversion methods (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Two direct search methods, simulated annealing and neighbourhood algorithm, are applied to the inversion of the viscosity profile of the mantle using relative sea level time-histories for the Hudson Bay region. In problems characterized by a low-dimensional model space (Nd = 2 in this study), the two inversion methods show comparable performances. When a larger number of dimensions is involved (specifically Nd = 6), we directly show that simulated annealing is less effective than neighbourhood algorithm in overcoming the obstacles that are found in the model space when our specific data set is employed. This study confirms that modifications of the conventional Monte Carlo inversion method, such as simulated annealing and neighbourhood algorithm, are viable tools to determine the viscosity profile of the mantle, which, until recently, has been mainly tackled by means of linearized techniques.
    Description: Published
    Description: 890-900
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: mantle viscosity ; simulated annealing ; neighbourhood algorithm ; postglacial rebound ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.03. Mantle and Core dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Some insights on the occurrence of recent volcanic eruptions of Mount Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy) (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: In the first part of this work, we make use of two non-parametric statistical pattern recognition algorithms and a multiple regression analysis to analyse seismic clusters occur ring around Mount Etna, Italy. The aim is to determine if the onset of flank eruptions at Mount Etna is linked to variations in the regional seismicity at a timescale of few weeks. From the analysis, we find that the discrimination between clusters preceding flank eruptions and clusters not related in time to flank activity is mainly linked to the volume output of the previous flank eruption, in some cases together with the time elapsed from its end. Instead, we do not find any difference in the seismicity features characterizing different types of clusters, except for a very small contribution of the number of seismic events in the clusters. This result does not confirm the existence, suggested in the past, of a direct link between the regional state of stress at a timescale of few weeks and the occurrence of flank eruptions on Mount Etna volcano. On the contrary, the result suggests that a prominent role in the flank eruption occur rence is played by the re-charging of the feeding system. In the second part of this study we analyse the relationship between the magma volume erupted in an eruption and the interevent time following it, finding that a ‘time-predictable model’ satisfactorily describes the occurrence of eruptions at Mount Etna in the last decades. The latter analysis is car ried out both on the flank eruption catalogue only, and on the complete catalogue of flank and summit eruptions, with comparable results.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1203–1218
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: flank eruptions ; Mount Etna volcano ; regional tectonic stress ; statistical pattern recognition ; time predictability ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    The Italian present-day stress map (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: In this paper, we present a significant update of the Italian present-day stress data compilation not only to improve the knowledge on the tectonic setting of the region or to constrain future geodynamic models, but also to understand the mechanics of processes linked to faulting and earthquakes. In this paper, we have analysed, revised and collected new contemporary stress data from borehole breakouts and we have assembled earthquake and fault data. In total, 206 new quality-ranked entries complete the definition of the horizontal stress orientation and tectonic regime in some areas, and bring new information mainly in Sicily and along the Apenninic belt. Now the global Italian data set consists of 715 data points, including 499 of A–C quality, representing an increase of 37 per cent compared to the previous compilation. The alignment of horizontal stresses measured in some regions, closely matches the ∼N–S first- order stress field orientation of ongoing relative crustal motions between Eurasia and Africa plates. The Apenninic belt shows a diffuse extensional stress regime indicating a ∼NE–SW direction of extension, that we interpret as related to a second-order stress field. The horizontal stress rotations observed in peculiar areas reflect a complex interaction between first-order stress field and local effects revealing the importance of the tectonic structure orientations. In particular, in Sicily the new data delineate a more complete tectonic picture evidencing adjacent areas characterized by distinct stress regime: northern offshore of Sicily and in the Hyblean plateau the alignment of horizontal stresses is consistent with the crustal motions, whereas different directions have been observed along the belt and foredeep.
    Description: Published
    Description: 705–716
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Downhole methods; Seismicity and tectonics; Crustal structure; Europe. ; borehole breakouts, earthquakes, faults ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    Complexity of the rupture process during the 2009 L’Aquila, Italy, earthquake (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this study, we investigate the rupture history of the April 6th 2009 (Mw 6.1) L’Aquila normal faulting earthquake by using a nonlinear inversion of strong motion, GPS and DInSAR data. Both the separate and joint inversion solutions reveal a complex rupture process and a heterogeneous slip distribution. Slip is concentrated in two main asperities: a smaller shallow patch of slip located up-dip from the hypocenter and a second deeper and larger asperity located southeastward along strike direction. The key feature of the source process emerging from our inverted models concerns the rupture history, which is characterized by two distinct stages. The first stage begins with rupture nucleation and with up-dip propagation at relatively high (∼ 4.0 km/s), but still sub-shear, rupture velocity. The second stage starts nearly 2.0÷2.5 seconds after nucleation and it is characterized by the along strike rupture propagation. The largest and deeper asperity fails during this stage of the rupture process. The rupture velocity is larger in the up-dip than in the along-strike direction. The up-dip and along-strike rupture propagation are separated in time and associated with a Mode II and a Mode III crack, respectively. The comparison between the source models inferred in this study with the Poisson ratio anomalies in the crustal volume containing the fault plane (Di Stefano et al., 2011) allows the interpretation of the delay in along-strike rupture propagation in terms of a structural control of the rupture history. Our results show that the L’Aquila earthquake featured a very complex rupture, with strong spatial and temporal heterogeneities suggesting a strong frictional and/or structural control of the rupture process.
    Description: Published
    Description: 607-621
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Inverse theory;Earthquake dynamics;Earthquake ground motions;Earthquake source observations;Body waves;Rheology and friction of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 15
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    Horizontal polarization of ground motion in the Hayward fault zone (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We investigate shear wave polarization in the Hayward fault zone near Niles Canyon, Fremont, CA. Waveforms of 12 earthquakes recorded by a seven-accelerometer seismic array around the fault are analysed to clarify directional site effects in the fault damage zone. The analysis is performed in the frequency domain through H/V spectral ratios with horizontal components rotated from 0◦ to 180◦, and in the time domain using the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the covariance matrix method employing three component records. The near-fault ground motion tends to be polarized in the horizontal plane. At two on-fault stations where the local strike is N160◦, ground motion polarization is oriented N88 ± 19◦ and N83 ± 32◦, respectively. At a third on-fault station, the motion is more complex with horizontal polarization varying in different frequency bands. However, a polarization of N86 ± 7◦, similar to the results at the other two on-fault stations, is found in the frequency band 6–8 Hz. The predominantly high-angle polarization from the fault strike at the Hayward Fault is consistent with similar results at the Parkfield section of the San Andreas Fault and the Val d’Agri area (a Quaternary extensional basin) in Italy. In all these cases, comparisons of the observed polarization directions with models of fracture orientation based on the fault movement indicate that the dominant horizontal polarization is near-orthogonal to the orientation of the expected predominant cracking direction. The results help to develop improved connections between fault mechanics and near-fault ground motion.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1255–1272
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Earthquake ground motions. ; Interface waves ; Site effects ; Wave propagation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
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  • 16
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    Land subsidence along the Ionian coast of SE Sicily (Italy), detection and analysis via Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) multitemporal differential SAR interferometry (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present the results of a multi-temporal, differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) analysis aiming to identify active surface deformation phenomena in southeastern Sicily. The study area has been chosen because of its strong seismicity, high concentration of industrial and agricultural activities, and high density of people living in the coastal area. Furthermore, the morphology, lithology and climatic feature of this sector of the Hyblean foreland are suitable for an interferometric analysis, providing a high coherence over the area. We used the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) multitemporal DInSAR technique from Berardino et al., 2002, to calculate mean ground velocity maps and displacement time series from a large data set of European Remote Sensing Satellites (ERS 1-2) images spanning the time period 1992-2000. The reliability of the DInSAR results was tested calculating the EastSAR and UpSAR values over two permanent global positioning system (GPS) stations in the area, and comparing them with the EastGPS and UpGPS values. The residuals between GPS and DInSAR velocities were 1 and 0.6 mm/yr for the Up and East components, respectively. Four main subsiding areas, previously undetected, have been identified, in correspondence of the towns of Augusta, Siracusa, Priolo, and Villasmundo. The observed deformation phenomena are located within coastal structural basins, filled with Pleistocene and Holocence deposits, except the Villasmundo land subsidence which is located on the Hyblean plateau. The measured deformation rates reach values up to -18 mm/yr in Augusta, -6 mm/yr in Siracusa, -5 mm/yr in Villasmundo and -4.5 mm/yr in Priolo. The examination of velocity profiles, time series, and geological data allows us to relate all the detected deformation patterns primarily to groundwater over-exploitation. A multi-dimensional interpolation with kriging was performed to obtain a field subsidence map. A first order elastic deformation model was used to simulate the peculiar features of the Villasmundo subsidence
    Description: ASI-SIGRIS project. ESA Cat1 3769. MIUR Fondo per il sostegno dei giovani.
    Description: Published
    Description: 273-286
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: subsidence ; InSAR ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.02. Hydrogeological risk
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  • 17
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    Earthquake sequences of the last millennium in L'Aquila and surrounding regions (central Italy) (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We have analysed the history of seismic activity in the region of L'Aquila to compare the 2009 sequence with previous ones. Historical catalogues are exhaustive for large shocks, but not for small earthquakes and swarms. Our original compilation highlights repeated seismic sequences from 1315 ad to present. In the 20th century, at least 23 sequences affected the Abruzzi region, 8 of which were very close to L'Aquila. In previous centuries, we found evidence of at least 13 sequences around L'Aquila, with maximum magnitude ∼4 to ∼5. Only three sequences were followed by stronger shocks (1461, 1703 and 2009). However, many strong events of the region (1349, 1762, 1915, 1950) were not preceded by foreshocks. We describe here the last of these sequences (1985) showing its strong similarity with the 2009 one, except its final evolution (no large event in 1985). Our analysis suggests that seismic sequences alone cannot be considered straight forerunners of incoming strong events.
    Description: Published
    Description: 52–61
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: L’Aquila earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution
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    Dissolved gases in brackish thermal waters: an improved analytical method (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: An improved method based on equilibrium partitioning between water samples and an inert host gas, introduced after sampling, is proposed for determining multiple species of dissolved gases in brackish water. The method itself, and the most convenient equations for describing gas solubilities in brackish waters, is described in detail. The method allows the rapid characterization of several sites and represents a useful tool for geochemical surveys. A comparison between replicate samples analyzed using different procedures demonstrates the efficiency of the method and indicates that the abundances of the main dissolved gases can be obtained, which can then be used to determine underlying geochemical processes. A Microsoft Excel worksheet is provided to easily calculate the concentration of dissolved gas species.
    Description: Published
    Description: 236-244
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: brackish thermal waters ; dissolved gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.01. Air/water/earth interactions
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  • 19
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    Isostatic rebound following the Alpine deglaciation: impact on the sealevel variations and vertical movements in the Mediterranean region (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The present-day sea level variations and geodetically observed ground deformations in the Mediterranean area are normally ascribed to the combined effect of tectonic or human-driven subsidence and postglacial uplift as a result of the melting of the major Pleistocene ice sheets. However, another potential cause of deformation, only marginally considered to date, is the melting of the glacier that covered the Alps during the last glacial maximum (LGM). The aim of this paper is to predict the long-term sea level variations induced by the melting of both the late-Pleistocene and Alpine ice sheets and compare our results with the relative sea level (RSL) observations available in the Mediterranean region. This task is accomplished solving the sea level equation (SLE) for a spherically symmetric viscoelastic Earth. Our analysis shows that the melting of the Alpine glacier has marginally affected the Holocene sea level variations in the near-field sites in southern France (Marseilles and Roussillon) and the central Tyrrhenian sea (Civitavecchia), and that the RSL predictions are significantly sensitive to the chronology of the remote ice aggregates. The computations, which are performed using a specific mantle viscosity profile consistent with global observations of RSL rise, show that the uplift rate driven by the Alpine isostatic readjustment may account for up to 1/3 of the rates observed at GPS stations in the western portion of the chain. Our results suggest that a thorough modelization of both near- and far-field ice sheets is necessary to gain a better insight into the present-day deformations and sea level variations in the Mediterranean region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 137-147
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Alpine glacier ; glacial rebound ; mantle viscosity ; sea level variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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  • 20
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    Stress-induced temperature variations in groundwater of the Monferrato area (north-western Italy) (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Although characterized by low seismicity, the Monferrato area of north-western Italy was affected by earthquakes, of magnitude M5.1 and M4.8, in 2000 and 2001. At the same time, marked changes were recorded in water temperature and chemistry in several wells within the epicentral area. In May 2004, an automatic network for the continuous monitoring of groundwater was installed in selected wells to study the phenomenon. Here, we report on data collected during a 3-year period of groundwater monitoring. During the first year, episodes of water heating (by up to 20°C) were observed in one monitored well. The temporal analysis of the seismic activity recorded in the area revealed as almost all seismic events occurred during the period of elevated water temperatures. The similar timing of earthquakes and groundwater-temperature anomalies suggests that both may be triggered by the same processes acting in the crust.
    Description: Published
    Description: 142-149
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: groundwater monitoring ; pore fluid pressure; ; tectonic stress ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring
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  • 21
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    Active extension in Val d’Agri area, Southern Apennines, Italy: implications for the geometry of the seismogenic belt. (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: Integration of geologic, geomorphologic and seismologic data sets is used to reconstruct the recent tectonic evolution and active deformation pattern in the Val d’Agri area, located in the seismically active axial sector of the Southern Apennines (Italy). The western portion of the Apennines thrust belt has been affected by Pliocene–Quaternary extension during easterly roll-back and crustal delamination of the Adriatic slab. The bulk of Quaternary extension has been accommodated bySW-dipping oblique and normal faults,which have attained mature morphologic and structural features and, nowadays, separate mountain ranges from intermontane basins. However, in the present seismogenic belt, coseismic faulting locally occurs on NE-dipping structures, which might cut the inherited Pleistocene landscape. In theVal d’Agri basin, in spite of the large Early–Middle Pleistocene, displacement occurred on SW-dipping faults bordering its eastern flank, our investigations show that the recent basin evolution has been controlled by a NE-dipping fault system (Monti della Maddalena fault system, MMFS). This fault system cuts across the Monti della Maddalena range, west of the Agri valley and has not yet created an evident tectonic landscape. Notwithstanding, fault motion since the Middle Pleistocene might explain geomorphologic and hydrographic anomalies of the Agri river and its valley, where fault-controlled subsidence has captured the river course and produced an aggrading plain within a regional uplift context. Recent and ongoing motion is documented by fault scarplets in loose deposits, 14C ages of palaeosols and the spatial relation with low to moderate instrumental seismicity. Results from fault kinematic analysis are compatible with fault-plane solutions of local and regional seismic events, and indicate ∼NE–SW oriented extension. Recognition of the MMFS as a potential seismogenic fault increases the longitudinal extent of the NE-dipping, morphologically immature seismic sources in the Southern Apennines and argues against the range-bounding fault model for active extension in the region. The regional size of the NE-dipping seismogenic belt may result from impingement of a mantle wedge beneath the Apenninic chain and possibly track the external front of crustal delamination.
    Description: Published
    Description: 591-609
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: active tectonics ; crustal deformation ; earthquakes ; geomorphology ; normal faulting ; Southern Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology
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  • 22
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    Tsunami early warning using earthquake rupture duration and P-wave dominant period: the importance of length and depth of faulting (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: After an earthquake, rapid, real-time assessment of hazards such as ground shaking and tsunami potential is important for early warning and emergency response. Tsunami potential depends on seafloor displacement, which is related to the length, L, width, W, mean slip, D, and depth, z, of earthquake rupture. Currently, the primary discriminant for tsunami potential is the centroid-moment tensor magnitude, MCMT, representing the seismic potency LWD, and w estimated through an indirect, inversion procedure. The obtained MCMT and the implied LWD w value vary with the depth of faulting, assumed earth model and other factors, and is only available 30 min or more after an earthquake. The use of more direct procedures for hazard assessment, when available, could avoid these problems and aid in effective early warning. Here we present a direct procedure for rapid assessment of earthquake tsunami potential using two, simple measures on P-wave seismograms—the dominant period on the velocity records, Td, and the likelihood that the high-frequency, apparent rupture-duration, T0, exceeds 50–55 s. T0 can be related to the critical parameters L and z, while Td may be related to W, D or z. For a set of recent, large earthquakes, we show that the period-duration product T T gives more information on tsunami impact and size than MCMT and other currently used d0w discriminants. All discriminants have difficulty in assessing the tsunami potential for oceanic strike-slip and backarc or upper plate, intraplate earthquake types. Our analysis and results suggest that tsunami potential is not directly related to the potency LWD from the ‘seismic’ faulting model, as is assumed with the use of the MCMT discriminant. Instead, knowledge of w rupture length, L, and depth, z, alone can constrain well the tsunami potential of an earthquake, with explicit determination of fault width, W, and slip, D, being of secondary importance. With available real-time seismogram data, rapid calculation of the direct, period-duration discriminant can be completed within 6–10 min after an earthquake occurs and thus can aid in effective and reliable tsunami early warning.
    Description: Published
    Description: 283-291
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: earthquake dynamics ; earthquake source observation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
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  • 23
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    Ocean ensemble forecasting. Part II: Mediterranean Forecast System response (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: This article analyzes the ocean forecast response to surface vector wind (SVW) distributions generated by a Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) developed in Part I of this series. A new method for ocean ensemble forecasting (OEF), the socalled BHM-SVW-OEF, is described. BHM-SVW realizations are used to produce and force perturbations in the ocean state during 14 day analysis and 10 day forecast cycles of the Mediterranean Forecast System (MFS). The BHM-SVW-OEF ocean response spread is amplified at the mesoscales and in the pycnocline of the eddy field. The new method is compared with an ensemble response forced by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ensemble prediction system (EEPS) surface winds, and with an ensemble forecast started from perturbed initial conditions derived froman ad hoc thermocline intensified random perturbation (TIRP) method. The EEPS-OEF shows spread on basin scales while the TIRP-OEF response is mesoscale-intensified as in the BHM-SVW-OEF response. TIRP-OEF perturbations fill more of the MFS domain, while the BHM-SVW-OEF perturbations are more location-specific, concentrating ensemble spread at the sites where the ocean-model response to uncertainty in the surface wind forcing is largest.
    Description: Published
    Description: 879–893
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: embargoed_20140501
    Keywords: forecast uncertainty ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.03. Global climate models
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  • 24
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    Post-seismic relaxation following the 2009 April 6, L’Aquila (Italy), earthquake revealed by the mass position of a broad-band seismometer (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-16
    Description: Post-seismic relaxation is known to occur after large or moderate earthquakes, on time scales ranging from days to years or even decades. In general, long-term deformation following seismic events has been detected by means of standard geodetic measurements, although seismic instruments are only used to estimate short timescale transient processes. Albeit inertial seismic sensors are also sensitive to rotation around their sensitive axes, the recording of very slow inclination of the ground surface at their standard output channels is practically impossible, because of their design characteristics. However, modern force-balance, broad- band seismometers provide the possibility to detect and measure slow surface inclination, through the analysis of the mass position signal. This output channel represents the integral of the broad-band velocity and is generally considered only for state-of-health diagnostics. In fact, the analysis of mass position data recorded at the time of the 2009 April 6, L’Aquila (MW = 6.3) earthquake, by a closely located STS-2 seismometer, evidenced the occurrence of a very low frequency signal, starting right at the time of the seismic event. This waveform is only visible on the horizontal components and is not related to the usual drift coupled with the temperature changes. This analysis suggests that the observed signal is to be ascribed to slowly developing ground inclination at the station site, caused by post-seismic relaxation following the main shock. The observed tilt reached 1.7 × 10−5 rad in about 2 months. This estimate is in very good agreement with the geodetic observations, giving comparable tilt magnitude and direction at the same site. This study represents the first seismic analysis ever for the mass position signal, suggesting useful applications for usually neglected data.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1717-1724
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Seismic cycle ; Earthquake source observations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
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  • 25
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    Complex 3D Finite Element Modeling of the April 6th 2009 L'Aquila Earthquake by Inverse Analysis of Static Deformation (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: On 2009 April 6 a Mw = 6.3 earthquake struck the Abruzzi region (Central Italy) and caused severe destruction in L’Aquila and the surrounding area. In this work we present a Finite Element analysis of the event based on a realistic complex 3-D model, accounting for topographic relief and rheological heterogeneities deduced from local tomography. Finite Element computed Green’s functions were implemented in a linear inversion of GPS coseismic displacements, to retrieve the slip distribution on the rupture plane. The inverted slip models basically agree with previous studies carried out on homogeneous domains, but reveal the presence of a single high slip patch, whereas half-space or 1-D approaches obtain a more complex slip pattern. Our results point out that the introduction of 3-D features significantly influences the obtained source model, suggesting a trade-off between domain complexities and source details.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1339–1358
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Numerical approximations and analysis ; Seismicity and tectonics ; Dynamics and mechanics of faulting ; L'Aquila earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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    A comprehensive approach for evaluating network performance in surface and borehole seismic monitoring (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The accurate determination of locations and magnitudes of seismic events in a monitored region is important for many scientific, industrial and military studies and applications; for these purposes a wide variety of seismic networks are deployed throughout the world. It is crucial to know the performance of these networks not only in detecting and locating seismic events of different sizes throughout a specified source region, but also by evaluating their location errors as a function of the magnitude and source location. In this framework, we have developed a method for evaluating network performance in surface and borehole seismic monitoring. For a specified network geometry, station characteristics and a target monitoring volume, the method determines the lowest magnitude of events that the seismic network is able to detect (Mw detect), and locate (Mw loc) and estimates the expected location and origin time errors for a specified magnitude. Many of the features related to the seismic signal recorded at a single station are considered in this methodology, including characteristics of the seismic source, the instrument response, the ambient noise level, wave propagation in a layered, anelastic medium and uncertainties on waveform measures and the velocity model. We applied this method to two different network typologies: a local earthquake monitoring network, Irpinia Seismic Network (ISNet), installed along the Campania-Lucania Apennine chain in Southern Italy, and a hypothetic borehole network for monitoring microfractures induced during the hydrocarbon extraction process in an oil field. The method we present may be used to aid in enhancing existing networks and/or understanding their capabilities, such as for the ISNet case study, or to optimally design the network geometry in specific target regions, as for the borehole network example.
    Description: Published
    Description: 793-806
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Earthquake ground motions ; Computational seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
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  • 27
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    Residual analysis of teleseismic P-wave energy magnitude estimates: inter- and intrastation variability (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: Computing the magnitude of an earthquake requires correcting for the propagation effects from the source to the receivers. This is often accomplished by performing numerical simulations using a suitable Earth model. In this work, the energy magnitude Me is considered and its determination is performed using theoretical spectral amplitude decay functions over teleseismic distances based on the global Earth model AK135Q. Since the high frequency part (above the corner frequency) of the source spectrum has to be considered in computing Me, the influence of propagation and site effects may not be negligible and they could bias the single station Me estimations. Therefore, in this study we assess the inter- and intrastation distributions of errors by considering the Me residuals computed for a large data set of earthquakes recorded at teleseismic distances by seismic stations deployed worldwide. To separate the inter- and intrastation contribution of errors, we apply a maximum likelihood approach to the Me residuals. We show that the interstation errors (describing a sort of site effect for a station) are within ±0.2 magnitude units for most stations and their spatial distribution reflects the expected lateral variation affecting the velocity and attenuation of the Earth's structure in the uppermost layers, not accounted for by the 1-D AK135Q model. The variance of the intrastation error distribution (describing the record-to-record component of variability) is larger than the interstation one (0.240 against 0.159), and the spatial distribution of the errors is not random but shows specific patterns depending on the source-to-station paths. The set of coefficients empirically determined may be used in the future to account for the heterogeneities of the real Earth not considered in the theoretical calculations of the spectral amplitude decay functions used to correct the recorded data for propagation effects.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1444-1454
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: time series analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
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  • 28
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    Strain rate computation in Northern Victoria Land (Antarctica) from episodic GPS surveys (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The monitoring of crustal motions in Northern Victoria Land (NVL) of Antarctica by means of episodic GPS stations (EGPSs) provides an accurate and dense (∼50-km spaced) velocity field. The data, gathered starting in Austral summer 1999, derive from a series of benchmarks belonging to the Victoria Land Network for DEFormation control (VLNDEF) geodetic network. The velocity uncertainties are checked on the basis of length and returning time of the episodic surveys, to obtain a meaningful strain rate field by means of a least-square computation where the contribution of a GPS station is weighted by the inverse square of its velocity error. The study shows that the NVL is characterized by a complex kinematics and that, although three subregions with different prevailing deformational behaviour can be recognized, the single blocks cannot be resolved because too few stations exist. Only features having 150–200 km size at least can be recognized. Moreover, it is demonstrated that an appropriate data processing of EGPS data can lead to an accurate evaluation of the strain rate field even in a harsh environment like Antarctica.
    Description: Published
    Description: 851-862
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Time-series analysis ; Satellite geodesy ; Geomorphology ; Antarctica ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
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    Marine Archaeogeophysical Prospection of Roman Salapia Settlement (Puglia, Italy): Detecting Ancient Harbour Remains (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Gulf of Manfredonia and the Tavoliere Plain have experienced intense human colonization since the neolithic times. There is past evidence in the study area of a Roman-age settlement historically known as Salapia, probably located close to the salt-production ponds. In particular, several portions of a partly submerged ancient pier-like structure were found close to Torre Pietra town. This structure has been interpreted as a portion of a dragged-ship channel that connected the town of Salapia to the sea. In this article we discuss the results of a high-resolution geophysical prospecting of the Margherita di Savoia offshore archaeological site (Puglia, Italy). We collected magnetic gradiometric and bathymetric data to map the submerged remains of Salapia harbour. We found evidence of an offshore projection of a Torre Pietra pier-like structure, identifying the direction of the ship channel and possibly the location of the harbour’s defensive post
    Description: Published
    Description: 89-101
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Marine magnetic survey; ; Manfredonia Gulf ; Roman archaeological finds ; buried ruins ; analytic signal; ; horizontal gradient ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing
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    Volcanic deformation and flank instability due to magmatic sources and frictional rheology: the case of Mount Etna (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The overall picture of Mount Etna deformation emerging since a couple of decades of geodetic surveys shows effects of magma accumulation, characterized by inflation/deflation cycle, accompanied by a sliding instability of the southeast flank, whose manifestation is an increase in the horizontal deformation away from the volcano summit. This is a very interesting case to test whether advanced models, taking into account topography, internal structure and frictional rheology, may contribute to a better understanding of the complex interplay among mechanical response, magmatic activity and gravitational load occurring in a volcanic system. Using finite element numerical models we make predictions of surface displacements associated with a simple expansion source and with a dike like vertical discontinuity. A new methodology is developed to initalize the lithostatic stress field according to the material and geometrical complexities of the models considered. Our results show that, while an amplification of the horizontal displacement can be easily obtained up to a maximum distance of 10 km from the source, we have not been able to find any onfiguration to extend further this signal. For the case of Mount Etna this suggests that the large horizontal displacements observed in the east flank along the coast cannot be directly related to magma accumulation below the volcano's summit.
    Description: Published
    Description: 939-953
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Numerical solutions ; Space geodetic surveys ; Elasticity and anelasticity ; Eruption mechanisms and flow emplacement ; Volcanic hazards and risks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes
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    High-resolution shallow seismic tomography of a hydrothermal area: application to the Solfatara, Pozzuoli (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Solfatara is one of the major volcanoes of the Phlegrean Fields (Campi Flegrei) volcanic complex, and it is located in a densely populated area a few kilometres west of the city of Naples. It is an active resurgent caldera that has been characterized by a rich history of surface–ground deformation and soil diffuse degassing and fumarolic emissions, which are indications of the top of a hydrothermal plume. A seismic survey was completed in May 2009 for the characterization of the main subsurface features of the Solfatara. Using the complete data set, we have carried out surface wave inversion with high spatial resolution. A classical minimization of a least-squares objective function was first computed to retrieve the dispersion curves of the surface waves. Then, the fitting procedure between the data and a three-sedimentlayer forward model was carried out (to a depth of 7 m), using an improved version of the neighbourhood algorithm. The inversion results indicate a NE-SW fault, which is not visible at the surface. This was confirmed by a temperature survey conducted in 2010. A passive seismic experiment localized the ambient noise sources that correlate well with the areas of high CO2 flux and high soil temperatures. Finally, considering that the intrinsic attenuation is proportional to the frequency, a centroid analysis provides an overview of the attenuation of the seismic waves, which is closely linked to the petrophysical properties of the rock. These different approaches that merge complete active and passive seismic data with soil temperature and CO2 flux maps confirm the presence of the hydrothermal system plume. Some properties of the top of the plume are indicated and localized.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1725–1733
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Inverse theory ; Tomography ; Hydrothermal systems ; Europe ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.11. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Prismatic magnetite magnetosomes from cultivated Magnetovibrio blakemorei strain MV-1: a magnetic fingerprint in marine sediments? (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The magnetic properties (first-order reversal curves, ferromagnetic resonance and decomposition of saturation remanent magnetization acquisition) of Magnetovibrio blakemorei, a cultivated marine magnetotactic bacterium, differ from those of other magnetotactic species from sediments deposited in lakes and marine habitats previously studied. This finding suggests that magnetite produced by some magnetotactic bacteria retains magnetic properties in relation to the crystallographic structure of the magnetic phase produced and thus might represent a ‘magnetic fingerprint’ for a specific magnetotactic bacterium. The use of this fingerprint is a non-destructive, new technology that might allow for the identification and presence of specific species or types of magnetotactic bacteria in certain environments such as sediments.
    Description: Published
    Description: 664-668
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: batteri magnetotattici ; magnetite ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.06. Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.09. Environmental magnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Seismic velocity structures of southern Italy from tomographic imaging of the Ionian slab and petrological inferences (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-06
    Description: In this study we have determined detailed Vp and Vs seismic velocity models of the Ionian lithosphere subducting beneath the Tyrrhenian basin and of the surrounding mantle, by applying a post-processing technique to a large sample of local earthquake tomography studies. Our seismic velocity models permit us to infer the presence of low velocity anomalies within the slab, which we interpret as regions that are partially hydrated by fluids released during the subduction process. A petrological interpretation of the velocity anomalies gives new details on the magmatism of the volcanic Aeolian arc. Furthermore our velocity models provide a more detailed description of the boundary of the slab and its connection with the large seismically active Tindari-Letojanni strike slip system. Finally these results allow describing in detail some features of the slab as the presence of lateral and vertical tears. In conclusion, the obtained models provide some constraints for inferences on mantle circulation, and on the geodynamical evolution of the central-western Mediterranean.
    Description: Published
    Description: 751-764
    Description: 2.5. Laboratorio per lo sviluppo di sistemi di rilevamento sottomarini
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Tomography, petrology, Ionian slab ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Ocean ensemble forecasting. Part I: Ensemble Mediterranean winds from a Bayesian hierarchical model (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: A Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) is developed to estimate surface vector wind (SVW) fields and associated uncertainties over the Mediterranean Sea. The BHM–SVW incorporates data-stage inputs from analyses and forecasts of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and SVW retrievals from the QuikSCAT data record. The process-model stage of the BHM–SVW is based on a Rayleigh friction equation model for surface winds. Dynamical interpretations of posterior distributions of the BHM–SVW parameters are discussed. Ten realizations from the posterior distribution of the BHM–SVW are used to force the data-assimilation step of an experimental ensemble ocean forecast system for the Mediterranean Sea in order to create a set of ensemble initial conditions. The sequential data-assimilation method of the Mediterranean forecast system (MFS) is adapted to the ensemble implementation. Analyses of sample ensemble initial conditions for a single data-assimilation period in MFS are presented to demonstrate the multivariate impact of the BHM–SVW ensemble generation methodology. Ensemble initial-condition spread is quantified by computing standard deviations of ocean state variable fields over the ten ensemble members. The methodological findings in this article are of two kinds. From the perspective of statistical modelling, the process-model development is more closely related tophysicalbalances than inpreviousworkwithmodels for the SVW.Fromthe ocean forecast perspective, the generation of ocean ensemble initial conditions via BHM is shown to be practical for operational implementation in an ensemble ocean forecast system. Phenomenologically, ensemble spread generated via BHM–SVW occurs on ocean mesoscale time- and space-scales, in close association with strong synoptic-scale wind-forcing events. A companion article describes the impacts of the BHM–SVW ensemble method on the ocean forecast in comparisons with more traditional ensemble methods.
    Description: Published
    Description: 858–878
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: embargoed_20140501
    Keywords: QuikSCAT surface winds ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.05. Operational oceanography
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Intensity prediction equations for Central Asia (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: In this study, new intensity prediction equations are derived for Central Asia, considering about 6000 intensity data points from 66 earthquakes encompassing the surface-wave magnitude range of 4.6–8.3. The suitability of the functional form used for constructing the model is assessed by comparing its predictions with those achieved through a non-parametric model. The parametric regressions are performed considering different measures of the source-to-site distance, namely the hypocentral, epicentral and the extended distance metrics. The latter is defined as the minimum distance from the site to a line crossing the epicentres, oriented along the strike of the earthquake and having a length estimated from the event’s magnitude. Although the extended distance is introduced as a preliminary attempt to improve the prediction capability of the model by considering the finiteness of the fault extension, the standard deviation of the residual distribution obtained considering the extended distance (σ = 0.734) does not show an improvement with respect to the results for the epicentral distance (σ = 0.737). The similarity of the two models in term of average residuals is also confirmed by comparing the interevent errors obtained for the two regressions, obtaining very similar values for all earthquakes but the 1911, M 8.2 Kemin event. In particular, different evidences suggest that the magnitude of this event could be overestimated by about half a magnitude unit. Regarding the variability of the residual distribution, all the three considered components (i.e. interevent, interlocation and record-to-record variances) are not negligible, although the largest contribution is related to the record-to-record variability, suggesting that both source and propagation as well as site effects not captured by the considered model influence the spatial variability of the intensity values.
    Description: Published
    Description: 327–337
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Earthquake ground motions ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Respiratory principles of oxygen-exchange in water breathing animals (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  EPIC3Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Ecosystems, Abele, D., Zenteno-Savin, T, Vasquez-Medina, J. (Eds) Oxidatve Stress in Aquatic Ecosystems, Blackwell-Wiley., Oxford UK, Wiley-Blackwell, 15 p., pp. 141 -156, ISBN: 978-1-4443-3548-4
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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    The stability of European rocky shore assemblages: variation across a latitudinal gradient and the role of canopy-forming macroalgae. (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  EPIC3Oikos, Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-17
    Description: Compensatory dynamics, overyielding and statistical averaging are mechanisms promoting the temporal stability of natural communities. Using the model of European intertidal rocky shore assemblages and collating 17 datasets, we investigated how the strength of these stability-enhancing mechanisms varies with latitude and how it can be altered by the loss of habitat-formers (e.g. canopy-forming macroalgae). Community stability decreased with increasing latitude, mostly as a consequence of a greater synchronization of species fluctuations. Statistical averaging and overyielding (i.e. richness effects) promoted stability, but their strength did not vary with latitude. The experimental removal of macroalgal canopies caused a strengthening of the statistical averaging effect that was consistent across the latitudinal gradient investigated. Nonetheless, the loss of canopies depressed stability by enhancing the synchronization of species fluctuations on southernmost shores, while it had weak effects on shores at higher latitudes. Variation in life-history traits among canopy-forming species and/or in prevailing environmental conditions across a gradient of latitude could underlie variable effects of habitat-formers on species fluctuations. Our study shows i) that the stability of intertidal assemblages and strength of compensatory dynamics varies with latitude, ii) that canopy-forming macroalgae, exerting a strong control on understorey species, can influence the strength of compensatory dynamics and iii) that biological forcing (i.e. facilitation) can be as important as environmental forcing in enhancing the synchronization of species fluctuations.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Uptake and Effects of Microplastics on Cells and Tissue of the Blue Mussel Mytilus edulis L. after an Experimental Exposure (2012)
    American Chemical Society
    In:  EPIC3Environ. Sci. Technol., American Chemical Society, 46, pp. 11327-11335
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: In this study, we investigated if industrial high-density polyethylene (HDPE) particles, a model microplastic free of additives, ranging 〉 0− 80 μm are ingested and taken up into the cells and tissue of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis L. The effects of exposure (up to 96 h) and plastic ingestion were observed at the cellular and subcellular level. Microplastic uptake into the gills and digestive gland was analyzed by a new method using polarized light microscopy. Mussel health status was investigated incorporating histological assessment and cytochemical biomarkers of toxic effects and early warning. In addition to being drawn into the gills, HDPE particles were taken up into the stomach and transported into the digestive gland where they accumulated in the lysosomal system after 3 h of exposure. Our results show notable histological changes upon uptake and a strong inflammatory response demonstrated by the formation of granulocytomas after 6 h and lysosomal membrane destabilization, which significantly increased with longer exposure times. We provide proof of principle that microplastics are taken up into cells and cause significant effects on the tissue and cellular level, which can be assessed with standard cytochemical biomarkers and polarized light microscopy for microplastic tracking in tissue.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 39
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    Nuevos registros de diatomeas marinas formadoras de tubos en el Caribe colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The marine mucilaginous tube-forming benthic diatoms Berkeleya hyalina (Round et Brooks) Cox and Parlibellus berkeleyi (Kütz.) Cox are reported for the first time for the Caribbean coast of Colombian, in Santa Marta area. These two species were found infrequently growing as macroscopic colonies inhabiting shallow rocky substrata. The report of P. berkeleyi species is the first for the Caribbean Sea.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Tube-dwelling; Berkeleya hyalina; Parlibellus berkeleyi
    Keywords: New records
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 40
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    Vertical and horizontal movements of scalloped hamemerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) around Malpelo and Cocos islands (Tropical Eastern Pacific) using satellite telemetry (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Movimientos verticales y horizontales del tiburón martillo (Sphyrna lewini) alrededor de las islas Malpelo y Cocos (Pacífico Oriental Tropical) usando telemetría satelital. El conocimiento de los ámbitos de distribución y los patrones diarios de actividad de peces pelágicos son aspectos clave para el establecimiento y planificación de áreas protegidas para su conservación. En este estudio los movimientos verticales y horizontales de los tiburones martillo, Sphyrna lewini, fueron registrados utilizando telemetría satelital en las islas de Malpelo y Cocos, en el Pacífico Oriental Tropical. Nueve tiburones fueron marcados con transmisores satelitales en marzo de 2006, 2007 y 2008 en la isla Malpelo, y tres tiburones martillo fueron marcados en la isla de Cocos en junio de 2008. Los tiburones se movieron entre las islas del Pacifico Oriental Tropical y realizaron movimientos regionales desde Malpelo hacia el sur de Cocos y sobre la cordillera Dorsal de Malpelo. Lejos de las islas, los tiburones realizaron buceos nocturnos poco frecuentes y cortos, hasta 1000 m de profundidad, donde las temperaturas alcanzaron hasta 4 °C. Para el tiburón que se siguió por cinco meses, los resultados indicaron diferencias significativas entre el tiempo que invirtió a diferentes ámbitos de profundidad, como también una interacción entre la profundidad, las capas de agua y el momento del día. El tiburón nadó principalmente en aguas someras (0-10 m) durante el periodo de aguas frías, e invirtió más tiempo en ámbitos de profundidad mayores (〉100 m) durante la noche. Futuros estudios a largo plazo son necesarios para un mejor manejo de esta especie altamente móvil y vulnerable.
    Description: Understanding distribution ranges and the daily movement patterns of pelagic fishes are key aspects for the establishment and planning of protected areas for their conservation. In this study the vertical and horizontal movements of scalloped hammerhead sharks, Sphyrna lewini, were recorded in Malpelo and Cocos Island using satellite telemetry. Nine sharks were tagged with satellite transmitters during March 2006, 2007 and 2008 at Malpelo Island, and three hammerhead sharks were tagged at Cocos Island in June 2008. The sharks moved between islands in the Tropical Eastern Pacific and made regional movements from Malpelo to the south of Cocos and around the Malpelo ridge. When away from the island, sharks made infrequent nocturnal short dives down to 1000 m where temperatures were as low as 4 °C. For a shark that was tracked for five months, results indicated significant differences between the time spent at different depth ranges, as well as an interaction between depth, water layers, and the time of the day. The shark swam mostly at surface waters (0-10 m) during the cold water season, and spent more time at the deepest depth range (〉100 m) during nigh time. Further long-term studies on shark movement patterns are required for a better management of this highly mobile and vulnerable species.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Satellite telemetry; Vertical and horizontal movements
    Keywords: Sphyrna lewini ; Vertical distribution ; Horizontal distribution ; Marine fish ; Satellite sensing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Conocimiento de la fauna Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se analizaron 108 muestras recolectadas entre marzo y noviembre de 2009 provenientes de macrófitas y aguas abiertas de la costa oriental de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, adyacente a la desembocadura del río Sevilla, departamento del Magdalena. El mayor número de especies se registró en la zona de macrófitas. Este es el primer registro acerca de la existencia de cladóceros en esta región. Se encontró un total de 36 especies, de las cuales, ocho (Guernella raphaelis, Ilyocryptus plumosus, Moina eugeniae, Kurzia polyspina, K. media, Oxyruella longicaudis y O. tenuicaudis) son nuevos registros para Colombia. Además se hace una breve descripción de todas las especies y su distribución geográfica.
    Description: 108 samples collected between March, and November 2009 from macrophytes and open waters of the east coast of Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, adjacent to Sevilla river, Magdalena Department were analyzed. A greater number of individuals and species were found in macrophytes rather than in open water. This is the first report on the Cladocera from this region. In total 36 species were recorded; eight of them are new records to Colombian fauna (Guernella raphaelis, Ilyocryptus plumosus, Moina eugeniae, Kurzia polyspina, K. media, Oxyruella longicaudis and O. tenuicaudis). A brief description of all species and their geographical distribution is included.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Cladocerans; Taxonomic composition
    Keywords: Crustaceans ; Species diversity ; New records
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 42
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    Distribución de la clorofila en las aguas adyacentes de las islas de Providencia y Santa Catalina, Caribe colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Con el fin de determinar la concentración y distribución de la biomasa fitoplanctónica en aguas adyacentes a las islas de Providencia y Santa Catalina, Caribe colombiano, durante los dos periodos climáticos, seco y lluvioso, de 2005, se tomaron 59 muestras de agua en 47 estaciones superficiales y 12 en la columna de agua. Los parámetros fisicoquímicos variaron durante el año, la temperatura fluctuó entre 25-30 °C, la salinidad 28-39 y el pH entre 8.30-9.65. Las concentraciones de clorofila a y feopigmento a fueron bajas, típicas de zonas oligotróficas oceánicas, la clorofila a presentó un promedio para la época seca de 0.198±0.017 μg/L y para la época lluviosa de 0.693±0.149 μg/L, mientras que el feopigmento a tuvo un valor por debajo de 0.01 μg/L en ambas épocas climáticas. Se encontró que la comunidad fitoplanctónica es joven y con una alta tasa de renovación.
    Description: Distribution of chlorophyll a in waters adjacent to the islands of Old Providence and Santa Catalina Colombian Caribbean. In order to determine the concentration and distribution of the phytoplankton biomass in waters of the islands of Old Providence and Santa Catalina, Colombian Caribbean a survey with 47 superficial samples, 12 in the whole water column, was carried out in 2005. Physicochemical parameters varied through the year; temperature fluctuated between 25 and 30 °C, salinity between 28 and 39, and pH between 8.30 and 9.65. Chlorophyll a and phaeopigment a concentrations were low, a characteristic of oligotrophic oceanic areas; chlorophyll a presented an average of 0.198±0.017 μg/L and 0.693±0.149 μg/L for dry and rainy seasons, while the phaeopigment a had a value below 0.01 μg/L in both seasons. It was found that the phytoplanktonic community is young and with an elevated renovation rate.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Phytoplankton biomass; Chlorophylla
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  • 43
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    Más de un siglo de investigaciones científicas en la Isla de Malpelo (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Muchos descubrimientos y teorías fundamentales de la ciencia se han basado en el estudio de organismos insulares (e.g., Darwin, 1859; Wallace, 1902). El reducido tamaño de muchas islas, sus discretos límites, su aislamiento geográfico, su corto tiempo de existencia y el bajo número de especies que las habitan -todas estas variables en comparación con los continentes- hacen de ellas ideales "laboratorios de investigación natural", donde el origen, evolución y ecología de los organismos pueden ser estudiados de una forma relativamente fácil (MacArthur y Wilson, 1967; Mayr, 1967; Gorman, 1979). Comparadas con los continentes o con las islas continentales, las islas oceánicas presentan comunidades biológicas relativamente simples y una riqueza de especies baja, que contrastan con una gran abundancia de individuos y altos niveles de endemismo (Whittaker y Fernández-Palacios, 2007)
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Investigaciones científicas
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Estimación poblacional, rutas migratorias y características morfométricas de la tortuga cardón (Dermochelys coriacea, Vandelli 1761) en las playas de Cipara y Qurepare, Península de Paria, Venezuela, durante las temporadas de anidación 2000-2006 (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Mediante análisis de captura-marcaje-recaptura y morfometría de las hembras anidadoras de la tortuga cardón (Dermochelys coriacea) en las playas de Cipara y Querepare, península de Paria, Venezuela entre los años 2000 y 2006, se presentan resultados de migraciones, localidades con recapturas, morfometría y crecimiento de las hembras adultas y se estima el tamaño de la población. De 502 hembras marcadas 41 han sido observadas reemigrando. El intervalo entre reemigraciones fue de 2.5 años. En Querepare las reclutas y las reemigrantes aumentaron de manera significativa y en Cipara las hembras nuevas no han aumentado, pero sí las recapturas. 38 hembras fueron observadas en más de una playa en la misma temporada. 73.6 % entre Cipara y Querepare (30 km), 10.5 % entre Paria y Trinidad (240 km), 7.9 % entre Cipara o Querepare y Unare (10-30 km), 5.3 % entre Paria y la isla de Margarita (130 km) y 2.6 % entre Dominica y Cipara (550 km). Las 403 hembras medidas presentaron un largo curvo del caparazón (LCC) medio de 151.78±6.20 cm y un ancho curvo del caparazón (ACC) medio de 110.03±4.42 cm. En Cipara las tallas aumentaron con los años. En 46 hembras medidas en más de una temporada se encontró un crecimiento promedio de LCC de 0.85±1.10 cm*año-1 y de ACC 0.64±0.56 cm*año-1. No se encontró relación entre el crecimiento y la talla inicial, ni con el intervalo de reemigración. La población de hembras anidando en Paria se estimó para 2000 en 58 (ámbito 28-113) y para 2006 en 277 (ámbito 133-532). Lo que constituye cerca al 1 % de la población mundial estimada de hembras. La tendencia al incremento de hembras es exponencial y significativa (r= 0.966, p= 0.0004).
    Description: Population estimate and migration routes of the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea, Vandelli) in Cipara and Querepare beaches, Paria peninsula, Venezuela, between the years 2000- 2006. Capture-mark-recapture data, individual morphometrics (including size and growth), remigration data, and nesting population size (2000-2006) are presented for leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) in Cipara and Querepare, Paria Peninsula, Venezuela. From 502 tagged females, the average remigration interval for 41 individuals seen in subsequent years was 2.5 years. In Querepare, remigrants (previously tagged) and neophytes (untagged individuals) increased significantly; in Cipara, remigrants increased significantly but neophytes did not. Of 38 tagged females observed nesting at more than one beach during a nesting season, 73.6 % traveled between Cipara and Querepare (30 km) and 10.5 % the balance between Cipara or Querepare and Unare (10-30 km) and 7.9 % between Paria and Margarita Island (130 km), as well as 5.3 % internationally between Paria and Trinidad (240 km) and 2.6 % between Cipara and Dominica (550 km). Mean curved carapace length (CCL) and width (CCW) of 403 measured females was 151.78±6.20 cm and 110.03±4.42 cm, respectively. Of 46 nesting females measured during more than one reproductive season, mean growth in CCL and CCW was 0.85±1.10 cm*yr–1 and 0.64±0.56 cm*yr–1, respectively. There was no significant relationship between growth rate and initial size or remigration interval. Estimates of population size between 2000 (58 adult females, range: 28-113) and 2006 (277 adult females, range: 133–532) increased both significantly and exponentially (r= 0.966, p= 0.0004), with the study sites representing 1% of estimated world adult female population.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Leatherback turtle; Paria; Mark-recapture; Adult growth
    Keywords: Size ; Animal migration ; Marine turtles ; Population size (in number)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 45
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    Extensive bleaching of the coral Porites lobata at Malpelo, Colombia, during a cold water episode in 2009 (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: El blanqueamiento coralino es asociado frecuentemente con temperaturas inusualmente cálidas, pero también puede ocurrir durante episodios de enfriamiento del agua. En esta nota registramos un evento de blanqueamiento coralino, especialmente en Porites lobata, después de las temperaturas del mar más bajas registradas para Malpelo en 21 años. En abril de 2009 observamos blanqueamiento en cuatro de las diez especies coralinas registradas en la isla Malpelo. Este evento fue más frecuente (hasta el 72 % de las colonias) y extenso (hasta el 87 % del área de la colonia) en P. lobata. La temperatura superficial del mar obtenida por satélites alcanzó valores tan inusualmente bajos como 23.1 °C en marzo de 2009 con anomalías térmicas hasta de -4.4 °C. Un sensor de temperatura instalado a 20 m de profundidad indicó que la temperatura fue altamente variable durante el episodio frío disminuyendo hasta 15.8 °C en febrero de 2009. Una conjunción de la temporada de bajas temperaturas, condiciones similares a las de La Niña y otros factores no identificados parecen haber causado un episodio de descenso extremo de la temperatura que provocó una respuesta de blanqueamiento en P. lobata, un coral sensible al enfriamiento del agua.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Submitted
    Description: Blanqueamiento coralino
    Keywords: Porites lobata ; Coral ; Environmental conditions
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 46
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    Vertical shallow reef fishes from Malpelo island: abundance and distribution (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Las especies de peces endémicos de la isla Malpelo han sido poco estudiadas, al punto que no se cuenta con información sobre sus densidades y preferencias de hábitat. Mediante censos visuales se estudió la distribución y abundancia de las especies de peces arrecifales endémicos de Malpelo. Las especies más abundantes fueron Axoclinus rubinoffi (0.18 peces/m2) y Lepidonectes bimaculatus (0.08 peces/m2). La mayor abundancia se encontró en el Bajo de Junior y en relación con sustrato rocoso cubierto con algas coralináceas incrustantes.
    Description: The fish species endemic to Malpelo Island have been scarcely studied, resulting in a lack of information on their densities and habitat preferences. The distribution and abundance of the endemic reef fish species of Malpelo were estimated using underwater visual census techniques. The most abundant species were Axoclinus rubinoffi (0.18 fish/m2) and Lepidonectes bimaculatus (0.08 fish/m2). The highest abundance was found in rocks covered by coralline algae in the Bajo de Junior site.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Endemic fishes; Axoclinus; Lepidonectes; Acanthemblemaria
    Keywords: Endemic species ; Marine fish ; Abundance
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 47
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    Notes on the ecology of the lizards from Malpelo island, Colombia (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Notas sobre la ecología de los lagartos de la isla Malpelo, Colombia. Observaciones de dos de las especies endémicas de lagartos de la isla Malpelo ofrecen características poco conocidas de su historia natural, ecología y estado poblacional. Anolis agassizi, el lagarto más abundante y ampliamente distribuido, se alimenta principalmente de insectos y excretas de aves marinas. Duerme sobre rocas grandes, en las paredes de los cerros o sobre estructuras construidas por el hombre y, aunque no defiende sitios de percha como la mayoría de Anolis, muestra predilección por sitios elevados en donde, entre otras actividades, realiza sus cópulas. Diploglossus millepunctatus, el lagarto de mayor tamaño corporal y menor abundancia, es un depredador-oportunista y carroñero que mantiene una relación inusual con el cangrejo terrestre de la Isla (Johngarthia malpilensis), al cual no solo depreda activamente, sino con el que también compite por alimentos. El comportamiento, mayor densidad, tamaño corporal y peso de los individuos de D. millepunctatus cercanos a las cabañas, sugieren que estos lagartos se han condicionado a la presencia de los humanos, al consumir periódicamente las sobras de sus comidas.
    Description: Observations of two of the endemic species of lizards of Malpelo Island provide new information on their natural history, ecology, and population size. Anolis agassizi, the most abundant and broadly distributed lizard, feeds mainly on insects and excrements of marine birds. It sleeps on large rocks, surfaces on hills or on man-made structures and, although it does not defend perch sites like most Anolis do, it does show preferences for high perches where, among other activities, it carries out copulation. Diploglossus millepunctatus, the largest and least abundant lizard, is an opportunistic-predator and scavenger that has a remarkable relationship with the land crab of the island (Johngarthia malpilensis) which it not only eats, but also competes with it for food. Behavior, higher density, larger body size and weight of individual D. millepunctatus living close to cabins suggest that these lizards accommodate to the presence of people by feeding on left-over food.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Anolis agassizi; Diploglossus millepunctatus; General behavior; Population status
    Keywords: Ecology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 48
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    Three species of sea spiders (Pycnogonida) from Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean (2009)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se reportan tres especies de picnogónidos para la región sudoeste de Santa Marta en el Caribe colombiano. Nymphon surinamense, Anoplodactylus insignis y Pallenopsis schmitti fueron colectados en arrastres sobre fondos blandos entre 14 y 60 m de profundidad. Este reporte amplía la distribución geográfica de N. surinamense y A. insignis en el Caribe y resalta la abundancia de P. schmitti en el área. La distribución y la sistemática de las especies se discute brevemente y se presentan ilustraciones para cada una de ellas.
    Description: Three species are reported for the southwestern pycnogonids Santa Marta in the Colombian Caribbean. Nymphon surinamense, Anoplodactylus insignis and Pallenopsis schmitti were collected in trawls over soft bottoms between 14 and 60 m deep. This report extends the geographical distribution of N. Surinamese and A. insignis in the Caribbean and highlights the abundance of P. schmitti in the area. The distribution and systematics of the species are briefly discussed and presented illustrations for each.
    Description: Published
    Description: Pycnogonida, Soft bottom
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 49
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    Distribución espacial de sedimentos en la región norte del Caribe colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se describe la distribución espacial de los sedimentos en la plataforma continental, su granulometría (phi) y composición (contenido de carbonato de calcio, CaCO3) y se tiene en cuenta la localización (profundidad, latitud y longitud) para explicar su origen y distribución y establecer su relación con las áreas más productivas en la región norte del Caribe colombiano. Las muestras de sedimentos se colectaron durante dos cruceros llevados a cabo en diciembre de 2005 y febrero de 2006. Se determinó la granulometría con el método de separación por tamices, se calcularon los valores de tamaño medio de los granos de sedimento (PHI=F). Además se determinó el contenido de carbonato de calcio (CaCO3). Se realizó un análisis de clasificación para caracterizar los grupos de estaciones similares en términos de tipo de sedimento y se hicieron mapas de tipo de sedimento, usando técnicas de geoestadística. Mediante Modelos Aditivos Generalizados, se hizo un análisis de la relación entre el tipo de sedimento según su PHI con la profundidad, latitud y longitud, y del contenido de CaCO3 con el tipo de sedimento, la profundidad. La distribución espacial de los sedimentos permitió caracterizar tres sectores de acuerdo con los valores de PHI: 1) río Buritaca hasta el río Camarones con arenas finas y lodos, 2) Riohacha hasta Cabo de la Vela con arenas muy gruesas y arenas finas, 3) Cabo de la Vela hasta Puerto Estrella con arenas finas y lodos.
    Description: The spatial distribution of sediments in the continental shelf, their granulometry (phi) and composition (content of calcium carbonate, CaCO3) is described, taking into account the localization (depth, latitude and longitude) to explain their source and distribution and to establish their relationship with the more productive areas in the northern Colombian Caribbean region. Sediment samples were collected in 68 stations during two surveys carried out in December 2005 and February 2006. Granulometry was determined with sieving separation method and medium grains values of sediment (PHI = F) were calculated. Additionally calcium carbonate (CaCO3) contents were determined. Cluster analysis was performed to characterize groups of similar stations in terms of sediment types and sediment type maps were made using geostatistical techniques. Analysis of relationship between sediment types, according to their PHI, with depth, latitude and longitude, and CaCO3 content with sediment types and depth, was made with Generalized Additive Models (GAM). According to spatial distribution of sediments was possible characterize three sectors in agreement with the values of PHI: 1) from Río Buritaca to Río Camarones with fine sands and muds, 2) from Riohacha to Cabo de la Vela with very coarse sands and sands, 3) from Cabo de la Vela to Puerto Estrella with fine sands and muds.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Geostatistic; GAM (Generalized Additive Models);
    Keywords: Sediment composition ; Granulometry ; Carbonate sediments
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 50
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    Ampharetidae Malgrem, 1867 (Annelida: Polychaeta) de Venezuela (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se analizaron taxonómicamente 119 especímenes de la familia Ampharetidae Malmgren recolectados en fondos blandos de 26 estaciones de la costa venezolana. Para la recolecta del material se emplearon: nucleador de PVC (0.018 m2), trineo y draga van Veen(0.013 m3). Se identificaron cinco especies: Auchenoplax crinita Ehlers, 1887, Isolda pulchella F. Müller, 1858, Melinna maculata Webster, 1879, Amphicteis cf. scaphobranchiata Moore, 1906, y Hobsonia florida Banse, 1979, las cuales constituyen nuevos registros para el área y amplían la distribución geográfica de estas especies.
    Description: One hundred nineteen specimens of the family Ampharetidae Malmgren, collected in soft bottoms from 26 stations of the Venezuelan coast using PVC corer (0.018 m2), trawl and dredge van Veen (0.013 m3), were analyzed taxonomically. Five species were identified: Auchenoplax crinita Ehlers, 1887, Isolda pulchella F. Müller, 1858, Melinna maculata Webster, 1879, Amphicteis cf. scaphobranchiata Moore, 1906, and Hobsonia florida Banse, 1979; all are new records for Venezuela and extend the geographic distribution of these species.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Polychaete; Ampharetidae; Soft-bottom
    Keywords: Taxonomy ; Marine invertebrates
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 51
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    Recent planktonic foraminifera from deep-sea sediments from the eastern equatorial Pacific: proxies of the equatorial front in the late quaternary (2009)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Planktonic foraminifera recovered from 25 deep-sea sediment samples (core-tops) from the eastern Equatorial Pacific were analyzed for their geographic distribution and possible environmental controls. Samples collected deeper than the carbonate lysocline (-2800 m) show significant signs of dissolution, - when compared to sediment-trap samples -, resulting in the increase of the solution-resistant species Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma and Globorotalia cultrata and the reduction of the solution-susceptible species Globigerinita glutinata, Globigerinoides ruber and Globigerinoides sacculifer. Three bioprovinces, were recognized by Cluster analysis: (1) bioprovince I that occurs on the Cocos ridge where G. cultrata and N. pachyderma are dominant, (2) bioprovince II that occurs on the Camegie ridge where N. dutertrei, N. pachyderma and Globorotalia inflata are dominant, and (3) bioprovince III that occurs in the Panama Basin where G. sacculifer and G. ruber are dominant. Bioprovinces I and II reflect a shallow thermocline induced by upwelling, although AOU, NO3 and PO4 and SiO2 are significantly higher in the latter region. Bioprovince III reflects a deep-mixed layer and low nutrient contents. Possible proxies of the equatorial front in the past are: (1) the Shannon diversity index, evenness and the number of species that show a latitudinal break at -1.5°S and, (2) the G. cultrata / G. dutertrei ratio that decreases southward.
    Description: Foraminíferos planctónicos recuperados de muestras del tope de 25 núcleos de aguas profundas del Océano Pacifico Oriental son analizados respecto a las variables ambientales que controlan su distribución geográfica. Las muestras colectadas por debajo de la lisoclina de carbonatos (~2800m) muestran señales considerables de disolucion, - con respecto a las muestras de trampas de sedimentos -, dando como resultado el incremento en especies resistentes a la disolucion como Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, N. pachyderma y Globorotalia cultrata y el decrecimiento en especies suceptibles a la disolución como Globigerinita glutinata, Globigerinoides ruber y Globigerinoides sacculifer. Se reconocen tres bioprovincias, por análisis Cluster, así: (1) bioprovincia I que ocurre sobre la Dorsal de Cocos donde G. cultrata y N. pachyderma son dominantes, (2) bioprovincia II que ocurre sobre la Dorsal de Carnegie Ridge donde N. dutertrei, N.pachyderma y Globorotalia inflata son dominantes, y (3) bioprovincia III que ocurre en la Cuenca de Panamá donde G. sacculifer y G. ruber son dominantes. Las bioprovincias I y II reflejan una termoclina somera inducida por surgencia oceánica (upwelling), aunque AOU, NO3, PO4 y SiO2 son mucho mayores en la segunda bioprovincia. La bioprovincia III refleja una capa de mezcla profunda y un contenido bajo de nutrientes en el agua. Como posibles indicadores (“proxies”) de la posición del Frente Ecuatorial en el pasado se sugieren: (1)el Indice de diversidad de Shannon, la equidad (“evenness”) y el número de especies los cuales muestran un cambio latitudinal mayor a ~1.5ºS y, (2) la relación G. cultrata / N. dutertrei que decrece hacia el sur.
    Description: Published
    Description: Palnktonic foraminifera; Deep-sea sediments; Micropaleontology
    Keywords: Foraminifera
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 52
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    Características oceanográficas en Isla Malpelo y su relación con la Cuenca Oceánica del Pacífico Colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: La isla Malpelo conforma la ecorregión insular del Pacífico colombiano y contiene un mosaico de ecosistemas terrestres, litorales y submareales únicos. Considerando su carácter insular es de esperar que las características oceanográficas en esta localidad se encuentren influenciadas por la dinámica física y química del Pacífico Oriental Tropical (POT), siendo moduladas por las condiciones propias de la Cuenca Oceánica del Pacífico Colombiano (COPC). En este trabajo, se utilizó información in situ para describir las condiciones termohalinas de la columna de agua en la isla Malpelo e identificar las masas de agua dominantes durante los dos períodos hidroclimatológicos característicos de la COPC. Adicionalmente, se analizó la variabilidad térmica y halina en el COPC y se definió el campo de circulación geostrófico superficial a partir de información oceanográfica in situ durante los mismos períodos de tiempo con el propósito de evaluar su efecto sobre las condiciones oceanográficas en el ambiente pelágico de la isla Malpelo.
    Description: Malpelo Island forms the insular ecoregion of the Colombian Pacific, and is composed by a mosaic of terrestrial ecosystems, and unique coastal and shallow subtidal systems. Considering its insular nature, the oceanographic features of this locality are expected to be related with the physical and chemical dynamics of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) and be modulated by the regional dynamic of the Colombian Pacific Oceanic Basin (COPC in Spanish). In this work, in situ data was used to describe the thermohaline conditions in the water column in Malpelo Island and identify key water mass during the two contrasting hydro-meteorological periods of the COPC. Furthermore, we analyzed the thermal and haline variability in the COPC and defined the surface geostrophic flow from in situ oceanographic data during the same time in order to evaluate its effect on the oceanographic conditions in the pelagic environment off Malpelo Island.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Water masses
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 53
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    Estimación del horizonte de autorrecolección espacial: el caso de las variables físico-químicas estudiadas en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia (2009)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The spatial autocorrelation range, understood here as the minimum distance between points at which the spatial correlation becomes zero, is a very useful parameter to design samples that have as goal the study of the spatial behavior of a variable. In this paper the estimation of the autocorrelation range by means of the correlograms of confidence bands are discussed in detail, and estimations for a set of physical-chemical variables studied at the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Northern Colombia, are made. The results of the application show that for four of the variables included in the study (Nitrite, Nitrate, the addition of Nitrite and Nitrate, and Oxygen concentration) it is not possible to analyze their spatial behavior because the autocorrelation range is less than the minimum distance between the points that constituted the sample. The spatial autocorrelation range for the other variables were, 4900 m for ammonia, 4600 m for salinity, 3900 m for silicate, 2700 m for orthophosphate and 2700 m for chlorophyll. Through the application it can be further noticed the distortion that may result in estimating the ranges if the spatial trend is not previously removed.
    Description: El horizonte de autocorrelación espacial, entendido como la distancia mínima entre puntos a partir de la cual la correlación espacial se hace cero, es un parámetro de gran utilidad en el diseño de muestras que tienen como propósito el estudio del comportamiento espacial de una variable. En este trabajo se discute en detalle la estimación del horizonte de autocorrelación por la vía de los correlogramas de bandas de confianza y se hacen estimaciones para un conjunto de variables físico - químicas estudiadas en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Norte de Colombia. Los resultados de la aplicación muestran que para cuatro de las variables incluidas en el estudio (Nitrito, Nitrato, suma de Nitrito mas Nitrato y concentración de Oxígeno) no es posible analizar su comportamiento espacial debido a que el horizonte de autocorrelación es menor que la distancia mínima entre los puntos que formaron la muestra. Para las otras variables los horizontes de autocorrelación espacial en metros fueron: Amonio 4900, Salinidad 4600, Silicato 3900, Ortofosfato 2700 y Clorofila 2700. A través de la aplicación se nota además la distorsión que puede producirse en la estimación del horizonte de autocorrelación si previamente no se corrige la tendencia espacial que tiene la variable.
    Description: Published
    Description: Spatial autocorrelation range, Correlograms of confidence bands, Moran index
    Keywords: Autocorrelation
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  • 54
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    Las formaciones coralinas de Isla Tortuguilla (Caribe colombiano) (2009)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Tortuguilla is a small island off the southern portion of the Colombian Caribbean continental coast. It is surrounded by a shallow calcareous shelf which is overgrown by recent coral formations whose distribution, composition and zonation are herewith qualitative described for the first time. Observations and data collecting were conducted during two days from a boat by snorkeling at 63 stations and along manta tow transects. Despite the reduced area and the adverse turbidity and sedimentation conditions, at least 16 species of stony corals were registered (4 more to be confirmed), being Millepora spp. and Siderastrea siderea the most common. Five different coral assemblages were recognized.
    Description: Tortuguilla es una pequeña isla en la parte sur de la costa del Caribe continental colombiano. Está rodeado por una plataforma calcárea superficial que está cubierta por las recientes formaciones de coral, cuya distribución, la composición y la zonificación se adjunta cualitativa descrita por primera vez. Observaciones y la recogida de datos se llevaron a cabo durante dos días a partir de un barco de buceo en 63 estaciones ya lo largo de transectos de remolque de Manta. A pesar de la reducida superficie y la turbiedad de las condiciones adversas y la sedimentación, se han registrado al menos 16 especies de corales pétreos (4 más por confirmar), Millepora spp ser. y Siderastrea los más comunes. Cinco conjuntos diferentes de coral se han reconocido.
    Description: Published
    Description: Coral formations, zonation, adverse conditions
    Keywords: Coral reefs ; Coral reefs ; Composition
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  • 55
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    First record of the beaubrummel (Stegastes flavilatus) in reef habitats of Malpelo Island (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Primer registro de la damisela bicolor (Stegastes flavilatus) en ambientes arrecifales de la isla Malpelo. El género Stegastes(familia Pomacentridae) tiene una distribución particular en el Pacífico Oriental Tropical, con dos especies ampliamente distribuidas en toda la región, y cinco especies restringidas a las islas oceánicas o al extremo boreal del trópico. Durante un estudio de las especies de este género presentes en ambientes arrecifales de la isla Malpelo, registramos, por primera vez para la isla, a Stegastes flavilatus. Esta es una especie rara en Malpelo, en donde S. arcifrons y S. beebei son dominantes. La cuarta especie presente en Malpelo, S. acapulcoensis, puede también considerarse como rara, aunque ligeramente más abundante que S. flavilatus.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Peces; Primer registro; Stegastes flavilatus
    Keywords: Pomacentridae ; Coral reefs ; Marine fish ; New records
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 56
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    Presencia del pez león, Pterois volitans (Actinopterygii: Scorpaenidae), en el departamento de la Guajira, Mar Caribe de Colombia (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The red lionfish was captured in the northeast Colombian Caribbean, in “El Yoyo” fishing ground, located in La Guajira peninsula (Riohacha). The Guajira continental shelf, located between Santa Marta and Venezuela, should be a stepping area for lionfish pelagic larvae.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Invasive species ; Scorpaenidae ; Biodiversity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 57
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    Primer registro del pez diablo Scorpaena afuerae (Pisces: Scorpaenidae) en el Pacífico colombiano (2009)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The presence of S. afuerae is registered for first time in Colombian Pacific waters. Considering the period and the relative abundance, the cause to be is presumed the migratory effect by the cold phenomenon “La Niña”, declared in the end of 1998 and/or the few samples in the rocky zones offshore the continental shelf.
    Description: Published
    Description: First record; Scorpaena afuerae; Fish
    Keywords: Fish ; Fish
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  • 58
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    Primer registro de Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus) (Pisces: Tetraodontiformes: Diodontidae) para el Caribe colombiano (2009)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The spotted burrfish, Chilomycterus reticulatus, is reported by the first time from the Colombian Caribbean based on two specimens collected off the Guajira Peninsula. This species, considered circuntropical by many authors, is poorly recorded from the Caribbean.
    Description: Published
    Description: spotted Burrfish; circuntropical; Chilomycterus
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  • 59
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    Confirmación de la presencia para el Caribe colombiano de Evoxymetopon taeniatus Gill (Pisces: Trichiuridae) (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper constitutes the first voucher record of the cannel scabbardfish, Evoxymetopon taeniatus (Pisces: Trichiuridae) captured at Isla Aguja, Magdalena, Colombia on March 30 of 2009. The specimen was caught with a gillnet at a depth of 18 m.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Channel scabbardfish; Evoxmetopon taenitus
    Keywords: Trichiuridae ; Gillnets
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 60
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    Hábitos alimentarios de sagitta friderici ritter-zahony en las aguas costeras de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se determinó por primera vez la dieta de las poblaciones de Sagitta friderici, un quetognato dominante en las aguas costeras de Argentina. Las muestras fueron recolectadas mensualmente en la Estación Permanente de Estudios Ambientales (38° 28´ S, 57° 41´W, 48 m profundidad) desde marzo de 2000 hasta abril de 2001. Los copepoditos de las especies Oithona nana, Oithona spp. y Calanoides carinatus y sus huevos fueron las presas dominantes. El porcentaje de quetognatos conteniendo alimento fluctuó entre 7 a 35 % con un valor medio de 21.71 ± 8.64 %. Este índice varió entre los diferentes meses, sin mostrar un claro patrón estacional. El número de presas ingeridas por quetognato fue más elevado en marzo y julio de 2000 que en los otros meses examinados; S. friderici consumió principalmente presas con un ancho de 0.10-0.19 mm. Una relación directa fue observada entre el ancho de la cabeza del depredador y el ancho de las presas; S. friderici podría estar compitiendo por el alimento con las larvas de Engraulis anchoita.
    Description: For the first time for local populations the diet of the dominant chaetognath Sagitta friderici was determined in coastal waters off Argentina. Samples were collected monthly in Estación Permanente de Estudios Ambientales (38° 28´ S, 57° 41´W, 48 m depth) from March 2000 through April 2001. Copepodite stages of the species Oithona nana, Oithona spp. and Calanoides carinatus and their eggs were the dominant prey. The food containing ratio varied from 7 to 35 % with a mean value of 21.71 ± 8.64 %. this index varied among the different months with no clear seasonal pattern. The number of prey eaten by the chaetognath was higher in March and July 2000 than in the other examied months; S. friderici consumed mainly prey 0.10-0.19 mm wide. A direct relationship was observed between the head width of the predator and the width of prey; S. friderici could be competing for food with the larvae of Engraulis anchoita.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Sagitta friderici; Copepods; Planktonic community; Feeding ecology
    Keywords: Predation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 61
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    Primeros registros de Callistochiton portobelensis Ferreira e Ischnochiton kaasi Ferreira (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) para el Caribe colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: First records of Callistochiton portobelensis Ferreira and Ischnochiton kaasi Ferreira (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Colombian Caribbean. Callistochiton portobelensis Ferreira 1976 and Ischnochiton kaasi Ferreira, 1987 are reported for the first time from the Colombian Caribbean. Both species were found in shallow water, under rocks, at Santa Marta in October 2009.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Mollusca ; Polyplacophora ; Records
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 62
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    Las langostas chinas (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllaridae) del Caribe colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se registran seis especies de langostas chinas (Crustaceae: Scyllaridae) del Caribe colombiano y se incluyen una diagnosis de cada una y una clave para su identificación. De estas, cuatro se registran por primera vez para el área: Scyllarides aequinoctialis, S. delfosi, Scyllarus depressus y Parribacus anctarcticus.
    Description: Six slipper lobsters (Crustacean: Scyllaridae) are reported from the Colombian Caribbean and diagnosis for each species, and a key for their identification is included. It reported for the first time from this area: Scyllarides aequinoctialis, S. delfosi, Scyllarus depressus and Parribacus anctarcticus.
    Description: Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras - INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Slipper lobsters; Scillaridae: Distribution
    Keywords: Lobsters
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 63
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    Determinación del contenido de metales pesados en las fracciones geoquímicas del sedimento superficial asociado a los manglares de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: El ecosistema de manglar de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM) ha estado sometido a fuertes presiones antropogénicas que han ocasionado, entre otros, cambios en las características fisicoquímicas de sus sedimentos. En condiciones normales, los sedimentos asociados al manglar generan equilibrios que permiten la retención de metales pesados en distintas formas químicas, al romperse este equilibrio los metales que no son retenidos en la matriz sedimentaria, pueden ser removilizados y hacerse biodisponibles. Con el propósito de establecer el potencial de movilidad y biodisponibilidad de los metales Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, As y Pb en sedimentos superficiales asociados al manglar en la CGSM, se analizaron sus contenidos en cuatro áreas con diferente grado de cobertura de manglar. Los metales fueron extraídos siguiendo el esquema de extracción secuencial de Tessier y se midieron por la técnica de Espectrometría de Plasma Inductivamente Acoplado. En general, las mayores concentraciones de los metales estudiados se encontraron en formas no biodisponibles. Los metales Mn, Ni, Cu, Cd, As y especialmente Zn, podrían ser potencialmente movilizados por cambios del potencial redox del sedimento principalmente. No obstante, las concentraciones de los elementos encontradas en las fracciones móviles son muy bajas y no respresentan riesgo ambiental.
    Description: Heavy metals determination in geochemical fractions of surface sediment associated with mangroves in Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia. The mangrove ecosystem of CGSM has been subjected to strong anthropogenic pressures that have caused changes in the physical and chemical sediment features, among others. Under normal conditions, the sediments associated to the mangroves generate balances that allow the retention of heavy metals in different chemical forms. When the balance is disrupted, metals in the sediment can be mobilized and become available to the biota. In order to estabilsh the mobility and bioavailability potential of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, As and Pb in surface sediment associated to the mangroves in the CGSM, their contents were analyzed in four areas with different levels of magrove cover. The metals were extracted following the sequential extraction scheme of Tessier and measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry technique (ICP-ES). In general, higher concentrations of the studied metals were found in the non-bioavailable fraction. The metals Mn, Ni, Cu, As, Cd an especially Zn could be potentially mobilized by sediment changes mainly by the oxidation state of sediment; nevertheless, the concentrations of the potentially mobile elements are very low and do not represent environment risks.
    Description: Published
    Description: Tessier sequential extraction; Mangrove sediment
    Keywords: Bioavailability ; Heavy metals ; Sediments
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 64
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    Erizos de mar como control biológico del "fouling" en un cultivo de Nopidecten nodosus (Linnaeus, 1758) en el área de Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se evaluó la efectividad de los erizos de mar Echinometra lucunter y Lytechinus variegatus como controladores biológicos del “fouling” en un cultivo piloto del pectínido Nodipecten nodosus en la bahía de Nenguange, Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano; para lo cual se utilizaron animales con tallas promedio de 50 y 55 mm respectivamente. Fueron establecidos cinco tratamientos: 1) y 2) Dos y cuatro individuos de E. lucunter por piso de mini-linterna; 3) y 4) Dos y cuatro individuos de L. variegatus por piso de mini-linterna y 5) Control sin erizos. Los pectínidos utilizados fueron obtenidos del medio natural mediante colectores artificiales instalados en la estación de cultivo, con una talla promedio de 80 mm. Los resultados mostraron que la densidad de 4 ind/piso redujo efectivamente el “fouling” y permitió tener condiciones óptimas de cultivo para los organismos, y que a su vez los erizos de mar L. variegatus presentaron los valores de disminución más altos (68 y 55 % en las artes de cultivo y valvas, respectivamente) evidenciado en un aumento de talla y mayor supervivencia de N. nodosus. Así mismo, se identificaron un total de 25 organismos asociados al “fouling” de las redes y valvas de N. nodosus, correspondientes a siete grupos taxonómicos: Chlorophyta (1), Porifera (2), Mollusca (8), Annelida (3), Arthropoda (8), Bryozoa (1) y Pisces (2).
    Description: Sea urchins as biological control of “fouling” in a culture of Nodipecten nodosus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Santa Marta area, Colombian Caribbean. We evaluated the effectiveness of sea urchins Lytechinus variegatus and Echinometra lucunter as biological controllers of “fouling” in culture of Nodipecten nodosus in Nenguange Bay, Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean, collecting specimens with average sizes of 50 and 55 mm. Five treatments were established: 1) and 2) two and four individuals of E. lucunter per floor of pearl net; 3) and 4) two and four individuals of L. variegatus per floor of pearl net and 5) Control (without sea urchins). The scallops used in the study corresponded to the animals captured through artificial collectors installed in the station, with average sizes of 80 mm. The results showed a significant decrease in the following by sea urchins, but L. variegatus presented the highest reduction values (68 and 55 % on the pearl nets and valves, respectively) showing an increase in size and an increase in survival of N. nodosus. We identified a total of 25 individuals associated with the pearl nets and valves of N. nodosus, corresponding to seven taxonomic groups: Chlorophyta (1), Porifera (2), Mollusca (8), Annelida (3), Arthropoda (8), Bryozoa (1), and Pisces (2).
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Shellfish aquaculture; Nodipecten nodosus
    Keywords: Scallops ; Sea urchins ; Fouling
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 65
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    Presencia del pez león Pterois volitans (Linnaeus) en el manglar de la Bahía de Chengue, Caribe colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: On August 25th, 2010, four specimens of the invasive lionfish Pterois volitans were seen inhabiting the submerged roots of mangroves bordering the entrance to the southern lagoon of Bahía de Chengue, at the Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona. One specimen (40 mm total length) was captured and photographed. The occurrence of this deleterious fish in such an ecological and economic valuable ecosystem is considered potentially dangerous.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Lionfish; Mangrove environment; Biological invasions
    Keywords: Protected areas
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 66
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    Productividad planctónica y condiciones oceanográficas locales en Isla Gorgona durante julio 2006 (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: La isla Grogona es la mayor área insular en el Pacífico colombiano. Esta isla, localizada a 30 Km del continente, alberga una alta diversidad biológica y ecosistémica entre la que se incluye el arrecife coralino más desarrollado del Pacífico Oriental Tropical. A pesar de la alta relevancia de esta localidad en la política nacional ambiental, un escaso esfuerzo de investigación ha sido focalizado hacia la descripción del ambiente pelágico, el cual sustenta las particularidades ecosistémicas de isla Gorgona. En este trabajo se describen las condiciones de temperatura, transparencia, trubidez, salinidad, oxígeno disuelto, nutrientes nitrogenados (nitratos) y productividad plantónica (clorofila-a y biomasa zooplanctónica) local en el ambiente pelágico del Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona durante julio 2006 a partir de un muestreo sistemático en 24 estaciones oceanográficas. Se seleccionó el mes de julio debido a que corresonde al período oceanográfico "cálido" de la cuenca Pacífica colombiana. La temperatura y salinidad superficial (promedio ± error estándar) fueron 27.81 ± 0.08 °C y 31.75 ± 0.04 respectivamente. Se identificó una fuerte estratificación vertical, con la presencia de una termoclina permanente entre 45-55 m de profundidad. La transparencia en la columna de agua fue de 10.37 ± 0.33 m, siendo la turbidez superficial altamente variable (14.13 ± 2.60 NTU). El oxígeno disuelto superficial fue de 4.29 ± 0.03 mL L-1 y la clorfofila-a superficial fue de 0.15 ± 0.01 μg Clo-a L-1, presentándose los mayores registros de colorofila-a a 30 m de profundidad (0.27 ± 0.03 μg Clo-a L-1). La biomasa zooplanctónica (peso húmedo) fue altamente variable en la zona de estudio, con registros entre 16.59-311.53 mg 100 m-3. El fitoplancton estuvo dominado por diatomeas (91.17 %) del género Rhizosolenia (22.4 %) y Odontella (21.6 %), y se identificaron 31 grandes grupos taxonómicos de zooplancton con dominancia de copépodos (56.8 %) y apendicularias (16.9 %).
    Description: Planktonic productivity and local oceanographic variability in Gorgona Island, eastern tropical Pacific of Colombia. Gorgona Island is the vastest insular area in the Colombian Pacific Ocean. This island, located 30 Km offshore, has a high biological and ecosystem diversity; Gorgona´s coral reef is considered the best developed in the eastern tropical Pacific, being declared Natural National Park (PNN) in 1980. Despite its relevance in Colombian conservation policy, a reduced research effort has been focused to describe and to evaluate the local variability in the biological, physical and chemical condition of the pelagic environment. In order to define the oceanographic conditions of the PNN Gorgona during the warm season, the local variability of plankton productivity (Chlorophyll-a and zooplankton biomass) and physcial (temperature, transparency, trubidity) and chemical (salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate) conditions of pelagic system were evaluated at 24 sampling stations during July 2006. The mean surface temperature and salinity were 27.81 ± 0.08 °C and 31.75 ± 0.01 respectively. A strong vertical stratification was detected, with a permanent thermocline between 45-55 m depth. Water column transparency was 10.37 ± 0.33 m, and turbidity was highly variable (14.13 ± 2.60 NTU). Surface dissolved oxygen was 4.29 ± 0.03 mL L-1. Surface Chlorophyll-a was 0.15 ± 0.015 μg Clo-a L-1, however the highest records were at 30 m depth (0.27 ± 0.03 μg Clo-a L-). Zooplankton biomass was highly variable in the study zone (16.59-311.53 mg 100 m-3). Phytoplankton was dominated by diatomeas (91.17 %) of the genera Rhizosolenia (22.4 %) and Odontella (21.6 %). Futhermore, 31 taxonomic groups of zooplankton were identified, with dominance of copepods (56.8 %) and apendicularians (16.9 %).
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Oceanography ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 67
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    Community analysis of the soft bottom megafauna (Crustacea, Mollusca) from the southeastern region of Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean (2009)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Soft bottom megabenthic communities have been poorly studied in the Caribbean Sea. In this study we describe the structure and species composition of a Crustacea-Mollusca megafaunal community based on beam trawl samples taken between 13 and 60 m depth at the southwestern region of Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean. Classification and ordination analyses using abundance data of crustaceans and molluscs produced two main groups (A and C), which seem to be controlled by depth and sediment characteristics. Group A consisted of species collected at the deeper stations and high content of silts (between 30 and 60 m depth) and exhibited the highest density and biomass mean values. The decapod Chasmocarcinus cilindricus was found as the characteristic species for the group A. The bivalve Laevicardium pictum occurred as characteristic in the shallower cluster C (14 to 17 m) where the sediment was coarser. Trachypenaeus similis, Portunus spinicarpus, Lupella forceps and Penaeus duorarum were generalist species for both groups and were found as the most abundant species overall. There was not a clear evidence of temporal variation of the groups, however an increase in the abundance of dominant species at the shallower area during March may be related to the upwelling phenomenon known for the Santa Marta area.
    Description: Las comunidades megabentónicas de fondos blandos han sido pobremente estudiadas en el mar Caribe. En este estudio describimos la estructura y la composición de especies de una comunidad de la megafauna de Crustacea-Mollusca basados en muestras de red de arrastre tomadas entre 13 y 60 m de profundidad en la región suroeste de Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano. Los análisis de clasificación y ordenación usando datos de abundancia de crustáceos y moluscos produjeron dos grupos principales (A y C) que parecen estar controlados por la profundidad y las características del sedimento. El grupo A consistió de especies colectadas en las estaciones más profundas y con alto contenido de sedimentos muy finos (entre 30 y 60 m) y exhibió los valores medios de densidad y biomasa más altos. El decápodo Chasmocarcinus cilindricus se encontró como la especie característica de este grupo. El bivalvo Laevicardium pictum apareció como característico del grupo más somero C (13 a 17 m) donde el sedimento fué más grueso. Trachypenaeus similis, Portunus spinicarpus, Lupella forceps y Penaeus duorarum fueron especies generalistas en ambas zonas y fueron las más abundantes entre todas. No hubo una evidencia clara de variación temporal de los grupos, sin embargo, un aumento en la abundancia de especies dominantes en el área somera durante marzo podría estar relacionado con el fenómeno de la surgencia conocido para el área de Santa Marta.
    Description: Published
    Description: Megafauna, soft bottoms
    Keywords: Aquatic communities ; Aquatic communities
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 68
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    Presencia de Metalpheus rostratipes (Pocock, 1890) (Crustacea: Alpheidae) en el Caribe colombiano (2009)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Samples of skeletons of the coral Acropora palmata obtained on the reef crest of Isla Grande, Islas del Rosario (colombian Caribbean),were found to contain two specimens of the family Alpheidae, Metalpheus rostratipes (Pocock, 1890). This shrimp species is reported for the first time from the colombian Caribbean.
    Description: Las muestras de esqueletos del coral Acropora palmata obtenidos en la cresta del arrecife de la Isla Grande, Islas del Rosario (Caribe colombiano), se encontró que contienen dos especímenes de la familia Alpheidae, rostratipes Metalpheus (Pocock, 1890). Esta especie de camarón se reporta por primera vez desde el Caribe colombiano.
    Description: Published
    Description: Metalpheus rostratipes, Acropora palmata
    Keywords: Marine crustaceans
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 69
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    Formaciones coralinas de profundidad: criterios biológicos para conformación de áreas marinas protegidas del margen continental (100-300 M) en el Caribe colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Esta investigación se realizó con el fin de establecer criterios biológicos evaluables, que sirvan de herramienta para incluir a las comunidades de corales azooxantelados de profundidad como ecosistemas estratégicos a conservar en el marco de lso sistemas de Áreas Marinas Protegidas (AMP) en Colombia. Se hace énfasis en la recientemente creada AMP de los Archipiélagos del Rosario y de San Bernardo (ARSB). La información utilizada en este análisis fue extraída de los proyectos MACROFAUNA I-II (1998-2001). A través de análisis ecológicos se pudo establecer que los corales profundos formadores de habitat Anomocora fecunda, Eguchipsammia cornucopia, Madracis asperula, M. myriaster y Madrepora carolina favorecen el desarrollo de una alta biodiversidad de fauna acompañante en el AMP ARSB. Los parámetros ecológicos evaluados en estas comunidades (riqueza, abundancia y uniformidad) se enmarcaron dentro de los criterios de biodiversidad, naturalidad, representación y heterogeneidad de hábitats, calidad de único y de exclusión, resaltando la importancia de estas comunidades en el contexto del AMP ARSB.
    Description: Deep-sea corals formations: biologic criteria for the establishment of marine protected areas on a continental margin (100-300 m) in the Colombian Caribbean. We analyzed data from previous research in the Rosario and San Bernardo Archipelagos (MACROFAUNA I-II, 1998-2011) to evaluate wheter the deep-sea azooxanthellate coral communities fulfill the criteria for a Marine Protected Areas System in Colombia. The azooxanthellate corals Anomocora fecunda, Eguchipsammia cornucopia, Madracis asperula, M. myriaster and Madrepora carolina were identified as habitat-forming corals that create particular conditions favoring increased faunal diversity in the ARSB-MPA. These deep-sea coral communities had increased species richness, abundance and uniformity. The biological parameters assessed for these coral communities were considered within te biological criteria of biodiversity, naturalness, habitat representation and heterogeneity, uniqueness and exclusion, highlighting the importance of deep sea coral communities in the context of the ARSB-MPA.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Azooxanthellate corals; Biological criteria; Marine Protected Areas
    Keywords: Biodiversity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 70
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    Actividad biológica de extractos en acetato de etilo de los hongos Fusarium camptoceras wollenw y Reinking y Aspergillus flocculosus Frisvard y Samson, aislados de ambientes marinos (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Los hongos marinos se han convertido en una fuente importante de metabolitos farmacológicamente activos. Los extractos en acetato de etilo de los hongos Fusarium camptoceras y Aspergillus flocculosus fueron evaluados para determinar su actividad antibacteriana, antifúngica, fototóxica y tóxica contra Artemia franciscana. Los hongos fueron cultivados bajo condiciones estáticas en agar CYA durante 14 días a 27 °C, y luego extraídos en acetato de etilo por siete días. Los extractos de ambas especies fúngicas mostraron una importante actividad antibacteriana contra bacterias Gram positivas y Gram negativas, con halos de inhibición que alcanzaron los 30 mm de diámetro. La actividad fototóxica estuvo ausente y sólo se observó actividad antifúngica en el extracto de A. floculosus con tra Candida albicans con halos de inhibición de hasta 16.3 ± 0.1 mm de diámetro. El efecto tóxico contra el camarón de salmuera A. franciscana estuvo presente en ambos extractos, con CL50 de 29.2 μg/mL para F. camptoceras y 16.6 μg/mL para A. flocculosus. El análisis químico cualitativo evidenció la presencia de alcaloides, esteroles insaturados y triterpenos pentacíclicos en los extractos de ambas especies de hongos. Los resultados preliminares obtenidos en la presente investigación permiten sugerir que las especies F. camptoceras y A. flocculosus representan una fuente prometedora de compuestos útiles en la medicina moderna, debido a las propiedades antimicrobianas y citotóxicas que poseen y a la vez sienta las bases para incoporar especies de hongos marinos provenientes del trópico a los programas de selección, como organismos productores de fármacos, posiblemente con novedosos mecanismos de acción.
    Description: Biological activity of ethyl acetate extracts of fungi Fusarium camptoceras Wolenw and Reinking and Aspergillus flocculosus Frisvard and Samson isolated from marine environments. Marine fungi have become an important source of pharmacologically active metabolites. Ethyl acetate extracts from the marine fungi Fusarium camptoceras and Aspergillus flocculosus were tested for antibacterial, antifungal, phototoxic, and toxic activity against Artemia franciscana. The fungi were cultivated under static conditions in CYA agar for 14 days at 27 ± 1°C; then, 300 mL of ethyl acetate (100 %) were added to the fungi, which were left alone for seven days in order to guarantee a complete extraction. The ethyl acetate extracts of both fungi showed important antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria with inhibition halos that reached a diameter of 30 mm. There was no phototoxic activity and antifungal activity was observed only in the A. flocculosus extract against Candida albicans, with inhibition halos 16.3 ± 0.15 mm in diameter. Both extracts showed a toxic effect on A. franciscana, with a CL 50 of 29.2 μg/mL for F. camptoceras and of 16.6 μg/mL for A. flocculosus. The qualitative chemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, unsaturated sterols, and pentacyclic triterpenes in both fungi species. This preliminary study highlights the potential of fungal extracts as a source of secondary metabolites useful in modern medicine due to their antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. The study also lays the bases for incorporating marine fungi from the tropics into the selection programs as drug-producing organisms with possible innovative mechanisms of action.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Bioactivity; Marine fungi
    Keywords: Fusarium ; Aspergillus ; Active
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 71
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    Primer registro del género Taractes (Pisces: Bramidae) en el océano Pacífico colombiano (2009)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper reports the first record of the genus Taractes on the Pacific coast of Colombia, based on an individual of 43 cm standard length, caught at a depth of 128 m. The sample was taken in the mouth of the San Juan river, with pending line hooks.
    Description: Published
    Description: First record; Taractes
    Keywords: Sampling ; Sampling
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 72
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    Evaluación del potencial antidepredador de los extractos orgánicos crudos de quince esponjas marinas (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Todos los organismos han desarrollado evolutivamente mecanismos que les permiten defenderse de otros, garantizar su permanencia temporalmente y evitar el ataque de depredadores. Uno de estos mecanismos es la defensa química, mediante la cual los depredadores potenciales de los organismos son disuadidos de consumir su presa. En este estudio se evaluó la capacidad disuasora de los extractos orgánicos crudos de quince esponjas marinas del Caribe colombiano, sobre el pez arrecifal generalista Stegastes partitus. Se encontró que el extracto de Cribrochalina infundibulum actuó como un atrayente para estos depredadores potenciales, mientras que sólo los extractos de las esponjas Dragmacidon reticulata, Petromica cyocaliptoides, Neopetrosia proxima, Myrmekioderma gyroderma y Biemna cribaria fueron disuasores; además, se observó que esas tres últimas esponjas también cuentan con aparentes defensas físicas, indicando que la presencia de mecanismos de defensa químicos y físicos no son necesariamente excluyentes.
    Description: Evaluation of the feeding deterrent potential of crude organic extracts from fifteen marine sponges. Organisms have developed diverse mechanisms during their evolution, to defend themselves from predators and competitors, in order to ensure temporal permanence. One of these mechanisms is chemical defense. Chemical substances are used by some organisms to deter potential predators from devouring them. This paper evaluates the efficacy of the organic crude extracts of fifteen different marine sponges from the Colombian Caribbean to deter a potential predator, the generalist reef fish Stegastes partitus. It was found that Cribrochalina infundibulum extract acted as a feedingattractant to this particular predator, while only the extracts from Dragmacidon reticulata, Petromica cyocaliptoides, Neopetrosia proxima, Myrmekioderma gyroderma and Biemna cribaria were feeding deterrants; it was also observed that the latter three also presented apparent physical defenses, showing that chemical and physical defenses are not necessarily excluding.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Feeding deterrence; Crude organic extract; Marine sponges
    Keywords: Chemical ecology ; Feeding deterrents ; Sponges ; Predators ; Feeding
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 73
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    Evaluación rápida de estructura y salud de las formaciones coralinas de la Isla de Malpelo (Pacífico colombiano) (2009)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Malpelo, a small rocky offshore island that supports one of the few coral populations in the eastern Pacific, was visited on June 1-5, 1999 with the purpose of evaluating the status of the coral communities. Using rapid visual methods, the cover of major categories of sessile organisms and the health condition of the coral species were assessed at 8 stations between 11 and 31 m depth. “El Arrecife”, which is the largest coral formation in Malpelo, seems to have suffered a 20% reduction of the live coral cover since 1972 when a mean value of 65% was recorded. This decline, which probably was originated by the 1982-83 strong bleaching event that affected widely the American Pacific, is reflected also by the present levels of recent coral mortality: mean of 23% at “El Arrecife”. Nevertheless, live hard corals continue as the dominant (mean 45%) bottom category in this formation, followed by the crustose calcareous algae (27%). As in 1972, Porites lobata is in general the most abundant hard coral species but Pocillopora spp. can dominate in the shallow zone. Among observed coral degradation agents and signs, current mortality was also frequent but affected only small areas of the colonies and was related to diseases or fish grazing in most cases. The presence of coral diseases in the Colombian Pacific is here recorded for the first time; the most frequent is similar to the White Band Disease (WBD) and was observed attacking Pocillopora spp. An event of strong wind and ocean swell occurred during this study, resulting in considerable physical damage on reef structure and coral colonies at “El Arrecife”. This damage included extensive fragmentation of Pocillopora branches, as well as overturning, fragmentation and scraping of many colonies of massive species.
    Description: Malpelo, una pequeña isla rocosa y oceánica que alberga una de las pocas poblaciones de corales del Pacífico oriental, fue visitada en junio 1-5 de 1999 con el propósito de examinar el estado actual de sus formaciones coralinas. Utilizando métodos visuales rápidos se logró evaluar la cobertura de los grupos principales de organismos sésiles y la condición de salud de las especies de corales pétreos, en 8 estaciones entre 11 y 31 m de profundidad. En “El Arrecife”, la formación más desarrollada de la isla, la cobertura coralina viva parece haberse reducido en un 20% desde 1972 cuando se registraba un valor promedio de 65%. Esta reducción, que posiblemente tuvo su origen en el fuerte evento de blanqueamiento ocurrido extensivamente en el Pacífico americano en 1982-83, también se reflejó en las estimaciones de mortalidad coralina reciente, las cuales resultaron en un valor promedio de 23% para “El Arrecife”. De todas formas, los corales pétreos siguen siendo el grupo dominante en esta formación (promedio 45%), seguidos por las algas calcáreas costrosas (27%). Al igual que en 1972, el coral más abundante en general es Porites lobata y en las zonas someras puede predominar Pocillopora spp. Entre los signos y agentes de deterioro coralino registrados, la mortalidad actual también tuvo una alta frecuencia pero se observó afectando sólo pequeñas porciones de las colonias y asociada en la mayoría de los casos con enfermedades o depredación por peces. Se registra por primera vez la presencia de enfermedades coralinas en el Pacífico colombiano, de las cuales la más frecuente se observó atacando las especies de Pocillopora y parece corresponder con la “Banda Blanca”. Durante los días de muestreo se presentó un evento de fuertes vientos y oleaje, el cual causo daños físicos considerables en la estructura y en las colonias coralinas de “El Arrecife”, incluyendo fragmentación extensiva de ramas de Pocillopora, así como volcamiento, fragmentación, rayones y raspaduras en colonias masivas de otras especies.
    Description: Published
    Description: Coral cover, Coral health
    Keywords: Reefs ; Coral
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 74
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    Diversidad, abundancia y amenazas de los octocorales de la isla Malpelo, Pacífico Oriental Tropical, Colombia (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Durante expediciones a la isla Malpelo en 2009 y 2010, se exploró la diversidad, abundancia y estado de los octocorales. Se encontraron siete especies de octocorales: Leptogorgia alba, Pacifigorgia cf. lacerata, Pacifigorgia sp.1 y Pacifigorgia sp.2, Muricea cf. fruticosa, Muricea sp. y la especie invasora Carijoa riisei. Los octocorales forman densas agregaciones en paredes y escarpes rocosos, con su mayor abundancia entre 10 y 20 m, alcanzando densidades máximas de hasta 20 colonias m-2. La especie más abundante fue Pacifigorgia cf. lacerata, con más de un 60 % de predominio en número y una frecuencia de aparición del 100 % para todos los sitios visitados. Para la mayoría de los sitios se determinó la existencia de tres zonas bien definidas de acuerdo a la profundidad. Una zona profunda entre 25 y 40 m, con dominancia exclusiva de L. alba, una estructura somera entre 7 y 20 m, con dominancia de Pacifigorgia spp. y una zona de transición comprendida entre 18 y 25 m, con una mezcla de L. alba y P. cf. lacerata, principalmente. De manera sorpresiva, durante noviembre de 2009 se encontraron poblaciones de Pacifigorgia y Leptogorgia visiblemente afectadas por enfermedades de posible origen fúngico. Después, en febrero de 2010, se visitaron de nuevo las mismas poblaciones de octocorales, en las que se constató una mortalidad de hasta 66 % de las colonias en algunas localidades. Leptogorgia se encontró notablemente menguada en el sector de El Arrecife, mientras que Pacifigorgia cf. lacerata tuvo mortalidades destacadas en La Nevera y El Freezer, y sus colonias se recuperaron en el sector de El Arrecife. Se encontró una disminución drástica de la incidencia de enfermedades para julio 2010, con porcentajes de colonias enfermas menores al 10 %. La especie invasora C. riisei fue observada en La Catedral y el bajo del Monstruo. De esta forma, este estudio amplía considerablemente el conocimiento sobre los octocorales de la isla Malpelo, y es la primera alarma sobre posibles amenazas a sus poblaciones locales, como lo son las enfermedades fúngicas y el octocoral invasor C. riisei.
    Description: During three expeditions to the island (2009 and 2010), the diversity, abundance and status of octocorals were explored. Seven species of octocorals were recorded: Leptogorgia alba, Pacifigorgia cf. lacerata, Pacifigorgia sp.1 y Pacifigorgia sp.2, Muricea cf. fruticosa, Muricea sp., and the invasive species Carijoa riisei. Octocorals form dense aggregations in rocky walls and cliffs, with higher abundances between 10 and 20 m, reaching up to 20 colonies m-2. The most abundant species was Pacifigorgia cf. lacerata with a dominance of more than 60 % and a frequency of occurrence of 100 % for all visited sites. According to depth, three well-defined zones were determined for most sites. A deep zone between 25 and 40 m with an exclusive dominance of L. alba, a shallow assemblage between 7 and 20 m dominated by Pacifigorgia spp., and a transition zone between 18 and 25 m with a mixture of L. alba and P. cf. lacerata. Surprisingly, during November 2009, diseases of possible fungal origin visibly affected populations of Leptogorgia and Pacifigorgia. Subsequently, during February 2010 the same populations of octocorals were monitored and up to 66 % of the colonies were already dead in some locations. Leptogorgia had a significant reduction at El Arrecife site, while Pacifigorgia cf. lacerata had high mortality at La Nevera and El Freezer sites, and a recovery in El Arrecife. There was a notable improvement in disease prevalence by July 2010 with less than 10 % of diseased colonies. The invasive species C. riisei was observed in La Catedral and El Monstruo bank. Thus, this information increases considerably the knowledge of octocorals on Malpelo Island and is the first warning of possible threats against local octocoral populations, such as fungal diseases and the invasive octocoral C. riisei.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Octocorals; Coral diseases
    Keywords: Invasive species ; Reefs (coral) ; Abundance ; Species diversity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 75
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    Variation in the surface currents in the Panama Bight during El Niño and La Niña events from 1993 to 2007 (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Variación en las corrientes superficiales en el Panama Bight durante eventos El Niño y La Niña ocurridos entre 1993 y 2007. Las anomalías climáticas modifican el patrón de circulación oceánica y con ello la conectividad demográfica. Sin embargo, en muchas regiones geográficas no hay suficiente evidencia de este cambio. Por ello, en el Panama Bight se realizó la comparación entre años neutrales, años El Niño y La Niña de moderada intensidad, para la Contracorriente Norecuatorial (CCNE), la Corriente Surecuatorial (CSE), la Corriente Costera (CCos) y para el remolino anticiclónico principal. Datos diarios de la topografía dinámica proporcionados por AVISO usando el producto MADT y del estrés del viento proporcionados por el Centro Europeo de Meteorología a Medio Plazo (ECMWF) se usaron para calcular la velocidad de las corrientes superficiales (promedio trimestral multianual) para los meses con mayor cantidad de huevos y larvas liberados por las especies con fase pelágica (sepnov). Se encontró que la magnitud de la velocidad para las tres corrientes oceánicas fue estadísticamente diferente entre los distintos eventos comparados, excepto para el anticiclón. Obteniendo que los valores de velocidad fueron mayores en años neutrales en relación a años Niño y Niña para la CCNE; mayores en años Niña, seguido por neutrales y Niño para la CSE; mayor en años neutrales y Niña pero menor para años Niño en la CCos; y tendencia de mayores valores en años La Niña para el remolino anticiclónico. Adicionalmente, se observó un aumento en el número de remolinos en años Niño moderado. Los resultados sugieren que la disminución en la velocidad de circulación de la CCNE y las posibles barreras creadas por remolinos ciclónicos y el remolino anticiclónico presentes cerca a la costa Suramericana podrían disminuir la dispersión pasiva de larvas y la conectividad funcional potencial entre el Pacífico Occidental, Central y Tropical Oriental, lo cual tiene implicaciones a nivel evolutivo, biogeográfico y ecológico (tasa de dispersión y efecto de rescate poblacional). Contrariamente, durante La Niña la CSE podría favorecer el transporte de larvas teleplantónicas hacia el Pacífico Central, material exportado desde la costa Suramericana mediante la CCos, ayudado por el remolino anticiclónico. Se concluye que los eventos climáticos anómalos alteran la velocidad de las corrientes oceánicas en el Panama Bight, lo cual podría afectar la conectividad funcional potencial entre septiembre y noviembre.
    Description: Climatic anomalies have changed the ocean circulation pattern and thus the demographic connectivity. However, in many geographical regions there is insufficient evidence of this change. Therefore, comparisons were made between neutral years and years of El Niño and La Niña with moderate intensity, for the North Equatorial Counter Current (NECC), the South Equatorial Current (SEC), the Coastal Current (CoaC) and the main anticyclonic eddy in the Panama Bight. Daily dynamics topography data of the Maps of Absolute Dynamic Topography (MADT) provided by AVISO and daily wind stress data provide by the European Centre for Medium Range Weather (ECMWF) were used to calculate the speed of surface currents (multi-year, quarterly average), during months with the highest number of eggs and larvae released by the species with a pelagic phase (Sept-Nov). It was found that the speed magnitude for the three oceanic currents was statistically different among the compared events, except for the anticyclonic eddy; obtaining higher values of speed for neutral years in relation to years with El Niño or La Niña for the NECC, for the SEC higher values for La Niña years, followed by neutral years and a moderate El Niño years; for the CoaC higher velocity for neutral and La Niña years but the lowest for El Niño years; and a tendency of higher values in La Niña years for the anticyclonic eddy. Additionally, the number of eddies increased in moderate El Niño years. The results suggest that the decreased velocity of the NECC and the potential barriers created by the cyclonic eddies and the anticyclonic eddy near the South American coast could diminish the passive dispersal of larvae and the potential functional connectivity between the Western, Central and Eastern Tropical Pacific. Therefore, there are implications at the evolutionary, biogeographic, and ecologic levels (dispersion rates and population rescue effect). In contrast, during La Niña the SEC could favor teleplanktonic larval transport to the Central Pacific, material which is exported from the South American coast by CoaC, aided by the anticyclonic eddy. In conclusion, anomalous climatic events alter the velocity of oceanic currents in the Panama Bight; consequently these could change the functional potential connectivity from September to November.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: ENSO; Climatic Anomalies
    Keywords: Ocean currents
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 76
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    Revisión de los taxones del género Neoceratium F. Gómez, De Moreira et P. López-García (Dinophyceae) y primer registro de N. dens en el mar Caribe colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se presenta una síntesis de los taxones del género Neoceratium hallados en un transecto a lo largo de la costa Caribe colombiana, en las bahías de Gaira y Santa Marta y en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta. Con base en una extensiva revisión bibliográfica, se encontró que de los 65 taxones del género Neoceratium registrados en este estudio, 56 lo han sido ya para el mar Caribe colombiano y los nueve restantes son registros nuevos para la región. Neoceratium arietinum f. gracilentum, N. breve var. curvulum, N. humile, N. symmetricum var. coarctatum, N. longissimum y N. horridum, burceros 〉 horridum se registran por primera vez para el Caribe colombiano. Neoceratium dens, sin registros en el Atlántico y mares adyacentes, se encuentra pro primera vez par aesta parte del Atlántico (mar Caribe), frente a las costas del Caribe colombiano. Neoceratium breve forma A. y N. tenue forma A no pudieron ser ubicadas dentro de ninguna variedad o forma de la especie respectiva. Para los nueve taxones que son registrados por primera vez en el Caribe colombiano, se presenta revisión bibliográfica, tallas, distribución y datos ecológicos. Los porcentajes de abundancia del género Neoceratium más altos, correspondieron a las estaciones frente a los departamentos de la costa Caribe colombiana. Esta distribución, aparentemente se encuentra ligada a la distribución de las masas de agua, siendoéstas de naturaleza más oceánica hacia el norte y con influencia más costera hacia el sur.
    Description: Revision of the taxa of the genus Neoceratium F. Gómez, D. Moreira et P. López-García (Dinophyceae) and first report of N. dens in the Colombian Caribbean. This work summarizes the taxa within the genus Neoceratium found in a transect along the Colombian Caribbean coast, in Gaira and Santa Marta bays, and Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta. Based on an extensive literature review, 56 of the 65 taxa of Neoceratium reported in this study have been recorded for the Colombian Caribbean Sea, and the remaining nine are new reports for the region. Neoceratium arietinum f. gracilentum, N. horridum, buceros 〉 horridum were first recorded for the Colombian Caribbean. Neoceratium dens, not registered in the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas, is reported for the first time in this part of the Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean Sea), along the Colombian Caribbean Coast. Neoceratium breve form A and N. tenue form A could not be placed within any variety of form of the respective species. A literature review, description of sizes and distributions, and ecological information are included for the nine taxa recorded for the first time in the Colombian Caribbean. The highest percentages of abundance of the genus Neoceratium were found in the stations located off the coast of the La Guajira and the Magdalena provinces, and the lowest in the stations located off the coast of the La Guajira and the Magdalena provinces, and the lowest in the stations located in the departments situated off the southern part of the Colombian Caribbean coast. The distribution apparently is related to the distribution of water masses, which have more northward oceanic influence, and more southward coastal influence.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Dinophyceae ; Phytoplankton ; Neoceratium des
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 77
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    Edad, crecimiento y mortalidad de Lutjanus purpureus Poey, 1867 (Pisces: Lutjanidae) de la region de Guyanas (2009)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se determinó la edad y se estimaron los parámetros de crecimiento y mortalidad del pargo colorado, Lutjanus purpureus Poey, 1867 con base en la lectura de 152 urohiales de 1561 individuos capturados durante 1988 de la región de Guayanas, comprendida entre los 06º - 10º LN y 54º - 61º LW, mediante la pesca exploratoria del B/I "Dr. Fridtjof Nansen". El recuento de zonas anuales en urohiales permitió establecer siete grupos de edad. La curva teórica de crecimiento en longitud se ajustó de acuerdo con los valores de los parámetros de crecimiento de von Bertalanffy : L∞ = 91.99 cm; K = 0.245 por año; to = -0.499 año. La mortalidad natural obtenida a través de la ecuación de Taylor fue igual a 0.255 por año y la mortalidad total calculada mediante el método de la curva de captura linearizada fue igual a 0.703 por año.
    Description: Age, growth and mortality of the red snapper, Lutjanus purpureus Poey, 1867 were estimated based on lecture of 152 Urohial of 1561 individuals caught in the region of Guianas, located between the 06 º - 10 º LN and 54 º - 61 º LW, in 1988, by means of a research survey of the B/I "Dr. Fridtjof Nansen". Seven age groups could be distinguished within the annual zones of the urohial. The theoretical growth curves was adjusted according to the values of the von Bertalanffy growth model parameters: L ∞ = 91.99 cm, K = 0.245 per year; to = -0499 yr. The values of natural mortality M = 0.255, were obtained using tthe equation of Taylor; and total mortality Z=0.703 per year, by aplication of the linearized catch curve method.
    Description: Published
    Description: Lutjanus purpureus
    Keywords: Growth ; Fish ; Age ; Mortality ; Age ; Growth ; Mortality ; Fish
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    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 78
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    Respuesta del ambiente marino a algunos eventos metereológicos sinópticos medidos sobre los arrecifes de San Andrés y de las Islas del Rosario, Caribe colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Continuous measurements were taken of oceanographic and meteorological parameters for two stations of the Global Ocean Observing System of the Southwest Caribbean, framed in the INAP project. The response of the surface layer, to atmospheric events, allowed to differentiate the pass of two cold fronts by Johnny Cay station (San Andres Island) and the arrival of the “Veranillo” in the sensors of Tesoro Island (Islas del Rosario, Cartagena). The cold fronts produced a decrease in the atmospheric pressure, air temperature, caused radical changes in wind direction and speed followed by precipitation. This situation lowered the sea surface temperature, the surface layer pH and rose momentarily the sea level. The “Veranillo” came to Archipelago of Rosario generating a strong increase in wind speed and solar radiation. The response in the sea surface layer was evident through a significant increase in sea level.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Veranillo; INAP
    Keywords: Meteorology ; Oceanography ; Cold fronts
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 79
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    Ocurrencia y tasas de encuentro de mamíferos marinos en las aguas de la Isla Malpelo y hacia el continente (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Este trabajo presenta una recopilación de avistamientos de mamíferos marinos del Santuario de Fauna y Flora (SFF) Malpelo, y las aguas que lo separan del continente. Se llevaron a cabo entre 2001 y 2010 y provienen de cuatro fuentes de información con observaciones sobre la línea de transecto para la travesía y observaciones desde punto fijo para las aguas cercanas a la isla. En el SFF se reconocieron siete especies y los meses de octubre y noviembre presentaron la mayor riqueza de especies. Tursiops truncatus presentó la mayor tasa de encuentro (17.78 grupos/100 h), seguida por Megaptera novaeangliae (1.62) y Stenella attenuata (0.88). Las tres especies se distribuyeron en aguas cercanas a la isla, a distancias menores a 6 km. Las especies restantes en aguas de Malpelo fueron Stenella coeruleoalba, S. longirostris, Delphinus delphis y Zalophus wollebaeki. En la travesía se identificaron trece especies, y los meses con mayor riqueza fueron marzo y abril. Megaptera novaeangliae presentó la mayor tasa de encuentro (5.94), seguida por T. truncatus (3.30), S. attenuata (3.08), D. delphis (3.08) y S. coeruleoalba, Globicephala macrorhynchu y Orcinus orca, las últimas tres con una tasa de 0.66 cada una. Megaptera novaeangliae se distribuyó en aguas sobre la plataforma continental, los delfines T. truncatus y D. delphis en aguas oceánicas y el delfín S. attenuata en las dos zonas. El resto de especies encontradas en la travesía fueron Steno bredanensis, Pseudorca crassidens, Grampus griseus, Peponocephala electra, Physeter macrocephalus y Ziphius cavirostris. Delphinus delphis fue significativamente más abundante en las aguas intermedias y durante el primer trimestre (enero-marzo) y T. truncatus en las aguas del Santuario, pero no mostró estacionalidad y fue la única especie presente todo el año en ambas zonas(alrededor de la isla y en aguas oceánicas). Adicionalmente sus tasas de encuentro no presentaron diferencias significativas entre los años evaluados. La presencia de M. novaeangliae fue estacional (entre junio y noviembre), con una abundancia significativamente mayor en el tercer trimestre (julio-septiembre) en Malpelo y en la travesía. La estabilidad de las tasas de encuentro de T. truncatus sugiere que se trata de individuos de una misma población. La presencia de crías de jorobada sugiere que el uso que están haciendo de Malpelo es de carácter reproductivo. Esta nueva información permite conocer mejor la riqueza de la comunidad de mamíferos marinos y comprender mejor sus patrones de ocurrencia en el área del SFF Malpelo y en las aguas que lo separan del continente.
    Description: Occurrence and encounter rates of marine mammals in the waters around the Malpelo Island and to the continent. This work compiles a decade (2001-2010) of marine mammal sightings in the Malpelo Fauna and Flora Sanctuary (FFS) and the area between the island and mainland coast. Four separate sources of data were consulted, which used visual searching during cruising efforts while Malpelo’s surrounding waters were surveyed from a vantage point. Seven species were identified in the FFS: October and November were the months with higher species richness. Tursiops truncatus had the highest encounter rates (17.78 groups/100 h), followed by Megaptera novaeangliae (1.62) and Stenella attenuata (0.88). These species were usually within 6 km from the island. Other species seen around the island include Stenella coeruleoalba, Delphinus delphis, Stenella longirostris and Zalophus wollebaeki. On the other hand, thirteen species were identified during cruises, and March and April were the months with the highest species richness. Megaptera novaeangliae had the highest encounter rate (5.94), followed by T. truncatus (3.30), S. attenuata (3.08), D. delphis (3.08) and S. coeruleoalba, Globicephala macrorhynchus and Orcinus orca, each one with 0.66. Other species seen during the cruises include Steno bredanensis, Pseudorca crassidens, Grampus griseus, Peponocephala electra, Physeter macrocephalus and Ziphius cavirostris. Megaptera novaeangliae were associated to the continental shelf, T. trunctaus and D. delphis to oceanic waters, and S. attenuata to both the continental shelf and oceanic waters. Delphinus delphis was more abundant in intermediate waters, during the first trimester (January-March), while T. truncatus was the most abundant species around the Sanctuary during all seasons, suggesting that is the same population. The latter was also the only species found all year round in both zones (around the island and in oceanic waters), and encounter rates did not change across years. Megaptera novaeangliae had a seasonal presence (mostly June to November) with a higher abundance during the third trimester (July-September), both around Malpelo and the transect. The presence of humpback whales calves suggests that Malpelo is used for reproductive purposes. This new information about the marine mammals found in Malpelo FFS and the area between the island and the continent contributes to the understanding of these species in Colombian waters.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Cetaceans;
    Keywords: Marine mammals
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 80
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    Postlarvas y juveniles de camarones Farfantepenaeus spp y Xiphopenaeus kroyeri en la Boca de la Barra (Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta), Caribe colombiano (2009)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Postlarvae and juveniles of Farfantepenaeus spp. and Xiphopenaeus kroyeri were collected at Boca de la Barra (Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta), by means of a channel net that orientates with the tide. Sampling was carried out every two weeks for ayear (February 1998 – February 1999), so that each sampling date corresponded to full and new moon alternatively. Farfantepenaeus spp. postlarvae tended to appear in the dry season and with significantly greater abundance during full moon (Mann-Whitney test, P〈0.05). Juveniles showed a different pattern: there were significant differences between seasons (Mann-Whitney test, P〈 0.05) with higher concentrations in the rainy season, but not so between moon phases (Mann-Whitney test, P〉0.05). In the case of X. kroyeri in no instance significant differences were found between seasons or moon phases (Mann-Whitney test, P〉0.05). However, some tendencies can be pointed out: postlarvae appeared in higher proportions during the new moon but no major difference was recorded between seasons whereas juveniles appeared in greater concentrations in the rainy season with almost no difference between moon phases. These results are discussed in terms of the scanty historical previous work. The relations TL-CL and CL-Weight and some morphometric and meristic features are reported.
    Description: Postlarvas y juveniles de los camarones Farfantepenaeus spp. y Xiphopenaeus kroyeri se colectaron en la Boca de la Barra (Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta), mediante redes de canal fijas que se orientan con la marea. Se realizaron muestreos quincenales nocturnos durante un año (febrero 1998 – febrero 1999), correspondiendo a los períodos de luna nueva y luna llena, intercaladamente. Para Farfantepenaeus spp. se observó que las postlarvas tienden a presentarse durante la época seca del año y preferiblemente en la fase de luna llena, siendo la diferencia entre fases lunares estadísticamente significativa (test de Mann-Whitney, P〈0.05). Los juveniles presentaron un comportamiento opuesto: hubo diferencias significativas (test de Mann-Whitney, P〈 0.05) entre épocas climáticas, mostrándose en mayor concentración en la época húmeda, pero no entre las fases lunares (test de Mann-Whitney, P〉0.05). Para X. kroyeri en ningún caso las diferencias entre épocas climáticas o fases lunares fueron significativas (test de Mann-Whitney, P〉0.05). Sin embargo, se pueden señalar tendencias: las postlarvas se presentaron en mayor proporción durante la luna nueva, pero sin tendencias respecto a la época climática mientras que en los juveniles las diferencias se observan por época climática (mayor proporción en la época húmeda), y no entre las fases lunares. Se discuten estos resultados en relación con los escasos antecedentes históricos. Se registran las relaciones LT-LC y LT-Peso y algunas características merísticas y morfométricas.
    Description: Published
    Description: Farfantepenaeus spp; Xiphopenaues kroyeri; Postlarvas
    Keywords: Juveniles ; Juveniles ; Temporal distribution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 81
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    Estado actual de las poblaciones del erizo diadema antillarum phillippi (Echinoidea: Diadematidae) en el Parque Nacional Tayrona y Playa Blanca, Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Diadema antillarum sufrió un evento de mortandad masiva entre 1983-1984 que redujo en un 93 % sus densidades, fenómeno que conllevó a un dominio de macroalgas en muchos arrecifes. Para conocer el estado de las poblaciones del erizo se realizó este estudio en el Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona (PNNT) y en Playa Blanca (bahía de Gaira). En cada sitio se ubicaron cinco líneas de transectos de 10 m y en cada uno se estimó la densidad por medio de cuadrantes de 1 m2 y se registró mediante video la composición de la comunidad y la rugosidad. La estructura de talla se calculó colectando entre 31 y 52 individuos y midiendo el diámetro y altura de la testa. La mayor densidad promedio se encontró en Nenguange (1.16 ind/m2) y la menor en Chengue (0.04 ind/m2), ambas localizadas en el PNNT. El diámetro promedio de la testa estuvo entre 58.84 y 80.60 mm. No se encontró ninguna relación entre los principales componentes de los arrecifes (corales, macroalgas y coral muerto), ni entre la diversidad y la uniformidad con respecto a las densidades del erizo. Los resultados indican que las densidades están en el ámbito actual registrado en otras regiones del Caribe, e indican una lenta recuperación de las poblaciones.
    Description: Status of the populations of the black sea urchin Diadema antillarum Philippi (Echinoidea: Diadematidae) at Tayrona National Natural Park and Playa Blanca, Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean. Diadema antillarum experienced a mass mortality event between 1983-1984 that dropped its densities about 93 %, a phenomenon that led to a macroalgae dominance in most reefs. This study was performed in Tayrona National Natural Park (PNNT) and Playa Blanca (Bahía de Gaira) to determine the status of the black sea urchin populations. At each site, five 10 m line transects were located perpendicular to each other and the density was estimated by 1 m2 squares; coral community composition and roughness was recorded by video. Size structure was calculated by collecting between 31 and 52 individuals and measuring the diameter and height of the test. The highest mean density was found in Nenguange (1.16 ind/m2) and lowest in Chengue (0.04 ind/m2), both located in the PNNT. Mean test diameter was between 58.84 and 80.60 mm. No relation was found between the main reef components (corals, macroalgae or dead coral) and the sea urchin densities, neither between diversity and uniformity and sea urchin densities. Our results show that the density is in the range of current abundance reported in other Caribbean regions, indicating a slow recovery of populations.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Diadema antillarum
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 82
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    Evaluación preliminar de especies de peces arrecifales marinos con potencial ornamental en el área de Santa Marta y Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona, Caribe colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Veintiuna especies de peces arrecifales frecuentes y abundantes en el área de Santa Marta y Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona (Caribe colombiano) ser identificaron como promisorias para el mercado de peces marinos ornamentales. La selección se basó en información secundaria y observaciones en campo y laboratorio, dando prioridad a especies o familias que han sido reproducidas existosamente en confinamiento y que según las observaciones se adaptan satisfactoriamente al cautiverio, con proyección a su futura reproducción, levantamiento y manutención en confinamiento. Así mismo, para algunas de ellas se obtuvieron datos importantes para su acoplamiento y manutención en acuario. Se proponen a Microspathodn crysurus, Coryphopterus personatus, Elacatinus illecebrosus, Stegastes paritus y Serranus tigrinus como las especies que cumplen ampliamente con los criterios evaludos en este estudio.
    Description: Twenty one abundant and frequent marine fish species of Santa Marta and Tayrona National Natural Park (Colombian Caribbean) were identified as ornamental with marked value. Species. were ranked positively following various criteria, such as if they have been reared in other countries or if they are included in genera or families which haver reared, and their adaptability to confinement conditions with the aim of future rearing and reproducing processes. Important information about adaptation to captivity conditions were found for some of these species. Microspathodon crysurus, Coryphopterus personatus, Elacatinus illecebrosus, Stegastes partitus y Serranus tigrinus are proposed as the species that widely fulfill the criteria.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Ornamental species; Maintenance in captivity
    Keywords: Marine fishes ; Reproduction
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 83
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    Instalación y evaluación de dos nuevas estaciones de monitoreo de arrecifes coralinos en el Caribe Colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Two coral reef monitoring sites were installed and assessed following SIMAC protocls at Isla Fuerte and Islas del Rosario, Caribbean coast fo Colombia. General cover of algae and corals were similar in all the plots. Disease and bleaching percentages were low (〈 7 %), with the exception of the site La Coca where disease occurence was high (14.57 ± 3.81 and 17.04 ± 2.17 %). Mobile invertebrates of commercial or ecological importance were scarce. A total number of 46 of 76 fish species were registered, higlighting the abundance of commercial families such as Serranidae and Lutjanidae in La Coca. The continuity of the monitoring program and the installation of new sites will provide tools to improve local mangement strategies and to progressively understand the long-term dynamics of coral reefs in Colombia.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: New reef sites; Coral formations; SIMAC;
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 84
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    Estructura y regeneración del bosque de la Ciénaga de Chololón, Isla Barú, Parque Nacional Natural Corales del Rosario y San Bernardo, Caribe Colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Los manglares son ecosistemas que representan un enlace relevante en el ambiente de transición entre los medios marino y terrestre; poseen gran importancia a nivel biológico y socio-económico, siendo un ecosistema marino estratégico. A lo largo de la costa Caribe colombiana hay varias ciénagas o lagunas costeras en cuyo borde se han establecido diversos bosques de manglar, algunos de los cuales hasta el momento no cuentan con suficiente información cienífica que los describa a nivel cualitativo y que represente sus procesos biológicos y los caracterice en forma cuantitativa. El presente trabjao de investigación contribuye al conocimiento actual de la estructura, distribución, abundancia y capacidad de regeración del bosque de manglar que circunda la ciénaga de Cholón (Isla Barú, departamento de Bolívar). Por medio de muestreos realizados en el área de estuido que incluyen observaciones y mediciones in-situ, se calcularon en general promedios de altura de 3.42 m, diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) de 4.94 cm y densidad de 21 árboles 100 m2, donde los briznales fueron la categoría diamétrica predominante seguidos de los latizales. El menor porcentaje estuvo conformado por los fustales. Las especies de manglar encontradas fueron Rhizophora mangle y Avicennia germinans, las cuales presentaron promedios de altura de 3.45 y 2.93 m y de DAP de 4.45 y 3.29 cm, respectivamente. La especie dominante fue R. mangle, hallada en todas las estaciones, mientras A. germinans sólo se encontró en dos estaciones, coincidiendo esto con los requerimientos particulares de terreno de cada una de estas especies para su asentamiento y desarrollo. En lo referente a regeneración,se evaluaron un total de 117 plántulas de R. mangle en cuatro estaciones, calculándose la tasa de crecimiento promedio en 0.69 cm mes-1, y una densidad promedio de 1.28 plántulas m-2. Se espera que la información obtenida sirva para proveer una línea base que permita evaluar posibles cambis de este bosque de manglar y contribuya a garantizar la conservación y manejo sustentable de un valioso ecosistema y del Parque Nacional Natural Corales del Rosario y San Bernardo, del cual hace parte la ciénaga de Cholón.
    Description: Mangroves are trees or shrubs which represent a relevant link in the transmition between marine and land environments. With high importance at the biological and socio-economic level, mangroves constitute one of the strategic marine ecosystems of Colombia. Along the Caribbean coast of Colombia, mangrove forests are established around marshes or coastal lagoons; most of them have scarce scintific information which described these ecosystems at a qualitative level, but also which shows their biological processes and characteristics in a quantitative form. Given the importance of these ecosystems, the present work contributes to the direct and recent knowledge of the structure, distribution, abundance and regeneration capacity of the mangrove forest in Ciénaga de Cholón (Isla Barú, Bolívar province). Using surveys and in-situ observations, general height averages were calculated at 3.42 m, DAP at 4.94 cm and density of 21 trees 100 m-2, where seedlings was the dominant diametric category, followed by stem-wood; saplings constitued a smaller percentage. Mangrove species found were Rhizophora mangle and Avicennia germinans, with average heights of 3.45 and 2.93 m, and DAP of 4.45 and 3.29 cm respectively. Rhizophora mangle was the dominant species, being found in all the stations, while A. germinans was found only in two of the stations sampled, coinciding with particular soils requirements for the settlement and develoopment of each species. Regarding regeneration, a total of 117 R. mangle juvenile plants were evaluated in four stations, calculating a growth rate of 0.69 cm month-1 and a density average of 1.28 plants m-2. It is expected that the information obtained will allow for the evaluation of changes of this mangrove forest over time, contributing to guarantee the conservation and sustainable management of a valuable ecosystem and the National Natural Park Corales del Rosario y San Bernardo, sehre Cholón is located.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Mangroves ; Structures ; Density ; Growth
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 85
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    Historia natural de la esponja discodermia (Porifera: Demospongiae: Lithistida) en Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: La esponja marina Discodermia dissoluta es fuente del policétido discodermólido, un potente antitumoral que ha alcanzado fase clínica con pruebas en humanos. En Santa Marta esta especie se encuentra a menor profundidad en comparación con otras áreas del Caribe y por ello se pudieron estudiar por primera vez y por medio de buceo autónomo sus características ecológicas, abundancia y distribución. Haciendo recorridos por la base de los arrecifes (12-25 m de profundidad), se determinó que esta especie se restringe a sitios relativamente protegidos del oleaje y vive predominantemente en sustratos duros horizontales a inclinados, en general expuestos a la luz. Censos realizados a partir de círculos de 4 m de radio mostraron densidades moderadas de unos 2-5 ind/50 m2 que, aunque no son muy bajas, no podrían sustentar su extracción comercial. Por la ubicación de los individuos en el espacio y mediante funciones empíricas de distribución espacial de puntos (F, G y K), se determinó que D. dissoluta se encuentra agregada en parches a escala de decímetros a unos pocos metros, posiblemente atribuible a dispersión larval de corta distancia o fragmentación, ambas comunes en esponjas. La talla de los individuos se estimó como área proyectada en fotos digitales. Ésta se llevó a volumen mediante regresión calculada del volumen real de individuos recolectados. En la población predominan individuos pequeños (〈50 mL) y persisten algunos muy grandes (hasta 2000 mL), indicando alta mortalidad en tallas pequeñas y medianas. Esta población es viable para estudios de marcaje, seguimiento de individuos, y la aplicación de técnicas de cultivo in situ y biotecnológicas, que permitan desarrollar técnicas de producción de discodermólido para suplir la demanda potencial.
    Description: The marine sponge Discodermia dissoluta is a source of the polyketide discodermolide, a potent antitumoral agent that has reached clinical trials in humans. In Santa Marta, where this species occurs at shallower depths than in other Caribbean areas, for the first time it was possible to study by SCUBA its ecological characteristics, distribution and abundance. By searching the base of the reefs (12-25 m in depth) it was found that this species is restricted to sites or bays with relatively low wave-exposure, dwelling predominantly in hard, horizontal to inclined substrata, generally exposed to light. Censuses carried out in 4 m-radius circles in sectors where this sponge occurs showed moderate densities (about 2-5 ind/50 m2) that, although not very low, do not support its commercial exploitation to obtain discodermolide. By locating individuals in the sampling space and using the point pattern distribution functions F, G and K, it was determined that individuals of D. dissoluta are aggregated in patches at scales from decimeters to a few meters. This pattern possibly arises from short-distance larval dispersal or fragmentation, both common in sponges. Size of censused individuals was estimated as projected area from digital photos, and expressed in volume by a regression calculated from the real volume of 30 collected individuals. In the population, small individuals (〈50 mL) predominate, while several very large ones (reaching 2000 mL) persist, indicating high mortality in small and medium sizes. This population is viable for individual marking and follow-up studies and application of in situ and biotechnological cultures techniques in order to develop sustainable methods for production and supply of discodermolide.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Discodermia dissoluta
    Description: Discodermolide
    Keywords: Caribbean Sea ; Sponges ; Geographical distribution ; Population characteristics
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 86
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    Geomorfología de la zona costera adyacente al piedemonte occidental de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta entre los sectores de Pozos Colorados y el Río Córdoba, Caribe Colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se llevó a cabo un estudio geomorfológico a escala 1:23000 de la zona costera adyacente al flanco occidental de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) entre el sector de Pozos Colorados (en las afueras de Santa Marta) y el río Córdoba. Esta zona se caracteriza por presentar geoformas de diversos orígenes que son producto de procesos tectónicos, denudativos y sedimentarios fluviales. Desde estse punto de vista se tienen Unidades de Origen Estructural-Denudativo, representadas por montañas y colinas de basamento ígneo y metamórfico; Unidades de Origen Fluvial, como abanicos aluviales y terrazas fluviales; y Unidades de Origen Marino, como llanuras costeras, plataformas de abrasión elevadas y playas antiguas y actuales. Las Unidades Estructurales-Denudativas corresponden a l relieve más abrupto de la zona y consecuencia de la interacción entra las características intrínsecas del tipo de roca que las conforman y la actividad tectónica del Sistema de Fallas de Santa Marta. Este efecto se refleja en el cambio abrupto de una topografía escarpada a un relieve plano, el cual está marcado por una plataforma de abrasión post-eocena (Mioceno tardío?) labrada en rocas del Batolito de Santa Marta que posteriormente fue levantada. Esta superficie erosiva está parcialmente cubierta por una serie de pequeños abanicos aluviales de poco espesor en afloramiento (menores a l.5 m) compuestos por sedimentos tamaño arena media a gruesa provenientes de la parte montañosa del macizo de la SNSM. A partir de las relaciones estratigráficas entre la plataforma de abrasión elevada y los depósitos sedimentarios se propone que probablemente se produjo un levantamiento de este trmao del piedemonte occidental de la SNSM en el Plioceno o incluso en el Cuaternario a partir de movimientos inversos de la Falla de Santa Marta o de otras fallas paralelas no detectadas al occidente de ésta.
    Description: Geomorphology of the coastal zone adjacent to the western foothills of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta between Pozos Colorados and Córdoba River, Colombian Caribbean. A geomorphologic study was carried out in the coastal zone adjacent to the western foothills of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) between the area of Pozos Colorados (outside of Santa Marta) and Córdoba River. This zone is characterized by landforms of several origins that are the result of tectonic, denudative and fluvial processes. From this point of view there are units of structural-denudative origin, represented by igneous and metamorphic-basament mountains and hills,; units of fluvial origin, as alluvial fans and fluvial terraces; and units of marine origin, like coastal plains, elevated wave-cut platforms, and acient and recent beaches. The structural-denudative units correspond to the steepest relief of the zone and are a consequence of the intrinsic features of the rocks they are made of and the tectonic activity of the Santa Marta Fault System. This effect is reflected on the abrupt change from a steep topograpgy to a flat relief, which is maked by a post-eocene (upper Miocene?) wave-cut platform made in the Batolith of Santa Marta rocks that was later uplifted; this erosive surface is partially covered by a series of alluvial fans made up of sand-sized sediments from the mountainous part of the SNSM. Based on stratigraphic relationships between the elevated wave-cut platform and the overlying sedimentary deposits, it is proposed that an uplifting of this sector of the western foothills of the SNMS was probably produced during Pliocene or even Quaternary as a consequence of inverse movements of the Santa Marta Fault or other parallel faults not detected to the west.
    Description: Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras - INVEMAR, Programa de Geociencias Marinas - GEO; Instituto Colombiano de Geología y Minería-Ingeominas; Empresa Colombiana de Petróleos-Ecopetrol (IPC)
    Description: Published
    Description: Elevated wave-cut platform
    Keywords: Geomorphology ; Coastal zone ; Alluvial fans
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  • 87
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    Cobertura y estructura de los bosques de mangle en la baja Guajira, Caribe colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: En abril de 2007 se estimó la cobertura y se determinaron los atributos estructurales de los bosques de mangle establecidos en la Baja Guajira. La cobertura del bosque se estimó a partir de imágenes ASTER y de un mosaico de fotografías aéreas. La estructura se determinó sobre transectos de 10 m de ancho y del largo de la franja del bosque de mangle. En cada uno de éstos se identificaron y contaron los árboles de mangle, midiéndoles altura total y diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) y se calculó el área basal, la densidad y el Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI). En la Baja Guajira se estimó una cobertura de mangle de 59.9 ha. Laguncularia racemosa fue la especie más frecuente (87 %) y dominante (0.54 m2 · ha-1), Rhizophora mangle se presentó en el 75 % de las estaciones, mientras Avicennia germinans se encontró únicamente al norte del área de estudio. Las mayores alturas y DAP promedios de R. mangle, L. racemosa y A. germinans se presentaron en Rincón Mosquito (12.9±2.3 m y 22.4±11.2 cm), Puerto Brisa (12.2±5.3 m y 20.8±9.8 cm) y La Enea (13.8±4.3 m y 23.8±14.8 cm) respectivamente, sectores caracterizados por tener aportes constantes de agua dulce. La estación de Dibulla constituida por una floresta monoespecífica de Conocarpus erectus presentó el bosque menos desarrollado con una altura promedio de 2.8±0.6 m y DAP promedio de 3.0±0.9 cm. En cuanto a la regeneración natural, L. racemosa presentó la mayor proporción de plántulas en el área de estudio, R. mangle se encontró en las estaciones parcialmente inundadas y A. germinans presentó la mayor densidad de plántulas y propágulos en la estación de La Enea.
    Description: Extension and structure of mangrove forests in the Baja Guajira, Colombian Caribbean. In April 2007, cover and structural attributes of mangrove forests in the Baja Guajira were estimated and identified. Forest cover was estimated from ASTER images and aerial photographs. The forest structure was evaluated along transects which were 10 m broad and as long as the width of the mangrove fringe. In each transect mangrove trees were identified and counted. The total height and the diameter at breast height (DBH) of the trees were measured and subsequently the basal area, density and Importance Value Index (IVI) calculated. The estimated mangrove cover of the Baja Guajira was 59.9 ha. The most frequentand dominant species was Laguncularia racemosa (0.54 m2.ha-1). Rhizophora mangle was present in 75 % of the stations, while Avicennia germinans was only found in the north of the study area. The highest average heights and diameters for R. mangle, L. racemosa and A. germinans were determined in Rincón Mosquito (12.9±2.3 m and 22.4±11.2 cm), Puerto Brisa (12.2±5.3 m and 20.8±9.8 cm) and La Enea (13.8± 4.3 m and 23.8±14.8 cm), sectors with a constant fresh water supply. The less developed forest, a monospecific forest of Conocarpus erectus, was observed in Dibulla station, with height and diameter averages of 2.8±0.6 m and 3.0±0.9 cm. In terms of natural regeneration, L. racemosa presented the highest proportion of seedlings in the study area, R. mangle was found in stations partly flooded and A. germinans had the highest density of seedlings and propagules at La Enea station.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Cover
    Keywords: Natural regeneration ; Mangroves ; Structures
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 88
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    Anoplosyllinae y Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) del Gran Caribe, con comentarios sobre materiales tipo y no tipo (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: La subfamilia Anoplosyllinae posee palpos fusionados en la base, sin surco central, tres antenas y dos pares de cirros tentaculares, faringe recta, corta y desarmada. Antenas, cirros tentaculares y primeros cirros dorsales lisos, el resto pueden ser lisos o semiarticulados. La subfamilia Eusyllinae posee palpos fusionados, parcialmente o libres, órganos nucales frecuentemente largos y diferenciados, uno o dos pares de cirros tentaculares, cirros dorsales que varían en longitud, usualmente lisos, cirro ventral presente, faringe usualmente derecha, con dientes o inerme. El objetivo de este estudio fue revisar material tipo y no tipo de las especies registradas para el Gran Caribe. Fueron examinados 186 ejemplares; 135 colectados en el Caribe mexicano y 51 depositados en diferentes museos; en total nueve géneros y 17 especies de las dos subfamilias. El material tipo examinado incluyó a Odontosyllis luminosa San Martín, 1990; Opisthodonta luquei (San Martín, 1990); Perkinsyllis spinisetosa (San Martín, 1990); Syllides caribica Licher, 1996; S. gomezi San Martín, 1990 y S. papillosa Hartmann-Schröder, 1960. El material no tipo incluyó a Amblyosyllis algefnae Viguier, 1886; A. dorsigera Claparède, 1864; A. madeirensis Langerhans, 1879; Eusyllis kupfferi Langerhans, 1879; Odontosyllis detecta Augener, 1913; O. fulgurans (Audouin y Milne-Edwards, 1883); Sinmerosyllis lamelligera (Saint-Joseph, 1886); Syllides edentulus Claparède, 1868; S. fulvus (Marion y Bobretzky, 1875) y Westheidesyllis gesae (Perkins, 1981).
    Description: Anoplosyllinae and Eusyllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) of Grand Caribbean with comments on type and non-type materials. Anoplosyllinae possesses palps basally fused, without central surcus, three antennae, and two pairs of tentacular cirri, pharynx straight, short and unarmed. Antennae, tentaculars cirri, and first dorsal cirri smooth, the rest can be smooth or semiarticulate. Eusyllinae possesses palps fused, partially or free, nuchal organs often large, distinct, one or two pairs of tentacular cirri, dorsal cirri variable in length, usually smooth, ventral cirri present, pharynx usually straight, with teeth or unarmed. The objective of this study was to check type and non-type material of the species recorded from the Grand Caribbean. One hundred and eighty six specimens were examined; 135 collected from the Mexican Caribbean, and 51 deposited in museums; in total 9 genera and 17 species of both subfamilies were examined. Type material included Odontosyllis luminosa San Martin, 1990; Opisthodonta luquei (San Martín, 1990); Perkinsyllis spinisetosa (San Martín, 1990); Syllides caribica Licher, 1996; S. gomezi San Martín, 1990, and S. papillosa Hartmann-Schröder, 1960. Non-type specimens included Amblyosyllis algefnae Viguier, 1886; A. dorsigera Claparède, 1864; A. madeirensis Langerhans, 1879; Eusyllis kupfferi Langerhans, 1879; Odontosyllis detecta Augener, 1913; O. fulgurans (Audouin and Milne-Edwards, 1883); Sinmerosyllis lamelligera (Saint-Joseph, 1886); Syllides edentulus Claparède, 1868; S. fulvus (Marion y Bobretzky, 1875, and Westheidesyllis gesae (Perkins, 1981).
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Psyllidae ; Polychaeta ; Taxonomy
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 89
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    Crecimiento y supervivencia de larvas de Argopecten nucleus alimentadas con diferentes dietas microalgales (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se estudió la influencia que ejerce la dieta sobre el desarrollo larvario del pectínido Argopecten nucleus, probando seis dietas microalgales compuestas por dietas monoalgales y mezcla de las especies Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros calcitrans y Tetraselmis suecica en relación 1:1, manejando una concentración por mL equivalente al peso de 40000 células de I. galbana, midiendo la respuesta a través de las variables supervivencia, crecimiento, aparición de la mancha ocular y estado de condición (larvas llenas, semillenas y vacías). Las dietas que contenían I. galbana presentaron los mayores valores en cada una de las variables medidas, en comparación con aquellas que carecían de esta. Particularmente, la dieta mixta I. galbana + C. calcitrans presentó superioridad en todas las variables, aunque en la mayoría de los casos fue estadísticamente similar a I. galbana + C. calcitrans + T. suecica, I. galbana + T. suecica e I. galbana sola. Por el contrario, las dietas que arrojaron los resultados más bajos fueron C. calcitrans y C. calcitrans + T. suecica. Los resultados obtenidos se atribuyen principalmente a la composición nutricional, especialmente de ácidos grasos altamente insaturados (HUFA por sus siglas en inglés) decada microalga y de cada mezcla suministrada, la cual se discute detalladamente.
    Description: The influence of the diet on larval growth of the scallops Argopecten nucleus was studied, testing six microalgae diets composed by single-algae and mixed diets of the species Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros calcitrans y Tetraselmis suecica, handling a concentration per mL equivalent to 40000 cells of I. galbana and the response through the variables surviving, growth, appearance of the eye spot and state of condition (full, half-full and empty larvae) was measured. The diets containing I. galbana showed greater results over all the measured variables, with regard to those where it was not present. In particular, the mixed diet I. galbana + C. calcitrans presented superiority over all variables, although in the most cases was statistically similar to I. galbana + C. calcitrans + T. suecica, I. galbana + T. suecica and I. galbana alone. For the opposite, the diets with the lowest results were C. calcitrans and C. calcitrans + T. suecica. The results obtained are principally attributed to the nutritional composition mainly of high unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) of each microalgae and each mixture supply, which is discussed in detail.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Argopecten nucleus; Microalgae; Isochrysis galbana; HUFA
    Keywords: Molluscan larvae ; Feeding experiments ; Marine molluscs ; Growth ; Survival
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 90
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    Lista de especies de dinoflagelados (Dinophyta) registrados en el mar Caribe colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se presenta un listado de especies de dinoflagelados marinos registrados en la zona costera y oceánica del mar Caribe colombiano. Este listado se basa en la revisión de información disponible de estudios sobre la comunidad fitoplanctónica. Se registran un total de 186 taxones correspondientes a 169 especies con 27 variedades y seis formas. Estos se agrupan en 32 géneros, 17 familias, seis órdenes y dos clases. La clasificación taxonómica se basó en el sistema propuesto por Fensome et al. (1993)
    Description: Check-list of species of Dinoflagellates (Dinophyta) reported from the Colombian Caribbean Sea. A check list of the marine species of dinoflagellates reported from coastal and oceanic Colombian Caribbean Sea is presented. The list is based on the revision of bibliographical information available from studies developed on phytoplanktonic community. It reports a total of 186 taxa corresponding to 169 species with 27 varieties and six forms. These are grouped in 32 genera, 17 families, six orders, and two classes. The taxonomic classification was based on the system proposed by Fensome et al. (1993)
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Microalgae
    Keywords: Dinoflagellates ; Dinophyta ; Phytoplankton
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 91
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    Deep-water octocorals (Anthozoa:Cnidaria) collected from the Colombian Caribbean during 'macrofauna explorations' 1998-2002 (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Los octocorales están siendo incluidos en una variedad de estudios a nivel mundial, buscando el análisis de su taxonomía, ecología, biogeografía, genética, geoquímica, entre otros. El estudio que se describe a continuación incluye las muestras recolectadas durante las exploraciones llevadas a cabo por el Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras-INVEMAR entre 1998 y 2002 desde aguas someras (20 m) hasta profundidades de 500 m. Se examinaron un total de 280 lotes de museo. Las muestras fueron recolectadas en 32 estaciones distribuidas a lo largo del talud y la plataforma continental del Caribe colombiano. Se reconocieron un total de 44 especies; 21 de ellas identificadas a nivel de especie y 23 a nivel de género; se encuentran distribuidas en 22 géneros y nueve familias (Plexauridae, Gorgoniidae, Ellisellidae, Primnoidae, Anthothelidae, Clavulariidae, Keroeididae, Acanthogorgiidae, Chrysogorgiidae). Ocho especies y dos géneros son primeros registros para Colombia.
    Description: Octocorals are being included in a great variety of worldwide studies with the aim of analyzing taxonomy, ecology, biogeography, genetics and geochemistry, among other aspects. The study described here includes samples collected during the ‘Macrofauna’ explorations carried out by the Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras-INVEMAR between 1998 and 2002 from shallow (20 m) to deep (500 m) waters. A total of 280 museum containers were examined. Samples were collected at 32 stations distributed along the continental shelf and upper slope of Colombian Caribbean. A total of 44 species have been recognized, 21 of them identified to species level and 23 to genus level; the species are included in 22 genera and nine families (Plexauridae, Gorgoniidae, Ellisellidae, Primnoidae, Anthothelidae, Clavulariidae, Keroeididae, Acanthogorgiidae, Chrysogorgiidae). Eight species and two genera are first records for Colombia.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Gorgonacea; Alcyonaria
    Keywords: Taxonomy ; Coral
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 92
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    Diferenciación orfológica de las especies de Piangua Anadara tuberculosa y Anadara similis (Arcidae) en diferentes bosques de manglar a lo largo de la costa Pacífica colombiana mediante morfometría (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: En el presente trabajo se caracterizaron morfométricamente las especies de piangua, Anadara tuberculosa (Sowerby) y A. similis (Adams) mediante el uso de la morfometría geométrica. Se utilizaron conchas de ambas especies colectadas en nueve zonas diferentes del litoral Pacífico colombiano durante el año 2009 en el marco de un proyecto sobre potencial productivo de las poblaciones naturales de piangua. La valva izquierda de los organismos se utilizó para localizar siete puntos homólogos y evaluar la configuración geométrica de la concha. Las pianguas fueron agrupadas según la cobertura vegetal de la zona en la que fueron encontradas. Para ambas especies, la comparación intraespecífica mostró que la configuración de la valva izquierda no se ve afectada por la zona que habitan, contrario al tamaño centroide que presentó variaciones significativas entre las zonas estudiadas. Las diferencias debidas al tamaño no son suficientes para afirmar la existencia de diferentes poblaciones ya que estas variaciones pueden ser debidas a la presión pesquera que se ejerce sobre este recurso de manera diferencial en la región, causando el incremento porcentual de tamaños menores. Nuestros resultados muestran que las corrientes del océano Pacífico podrían estar favoreciendo el flujo genético entre los individuos de estas especies y limitando la posibilidad de una evolución independiente de poblaciones. Sin embargo es importante realizar estudios genéticos y de dispersión larval de estas especies a lo largo del litoral Pacífico para corroborar estos hallazgos.
    Description: The morphological characterization of two piangua species Anadara tuberculosa (Sowerby) and Anadara similis (Adams) was performed using geometric morphometric. Shells of both species were collected in nine different areas of the Colombian Pacific coast during 2009 as part of a project on the natural populations of piangua. The left valve of the shell was used to draw seven landmarks and evaluate the geometric configuration of the shell. Pianguas were grouped based on the mangrove cover of the localities where they were collected. Intra-specific comparison showed that areas where the organisms were collected do not affect valve configuration. Contrarily, centroide size showed significant variation in organism collected in different zones. Differences due to size are not sufficient to determine the existence of different populations, mainly because these differences may happen due to differences in fishery patterns increasing the ratio of smaller sizes. Pacific Ocean current might favor the genetic flux of organisms of both species, limiting the possibility of evolution of independent populations. It is important to complement this study with other investigations in genetics and larval dispersion in order to corroborate our findings.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Geometric morphometric
    Keywords: Anadara tuberculosa ; Anadara similis ; Marine molluscs ; Animal morphology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 93
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    Cinco nuevos registros de especies de aves para la isla Malpelo, Pacífico colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Five species of birds were recorded for the first time in Malpelo Island. With this information, the total number of birds recorded in the island ascends to 65 species. The new bird records are Upland Sandpiper, Semipalmated Sandpiper, Surfbird, Great Crested Flycatcher and the Northern Waterthrush.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: New bird records; Shorebirds; Landbirds
    Keywords: Migrations ; Marine birds ; New records
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 94
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    Juvenile scleractinian coral mortality at Nuestra Señora del Rosario Archipielago, Colombian Caribbean (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Mortalidad de corales escleractínios juveniles en el archipiélago Nuestra Señora del Rosario, Caribe colombiano. En la estación de monitoreo de arrecifes coralinos del SIMAC en isla Tesoro, archipiélago Nuestra Señora del Rosario, se evaluó la mortalidad y se identificaron algunos signos de deterioro en corales escleractínios juveniles (colonias 〈 2-4 cm). Se marcaron y evaluaron 41 colonias por un período de seis meses (abril-octubre de 2006), de las cuales 31 pertenecieron a especies incubadoras de plánulas (con dominancia de Porites astreoides y Agaricia spp.) y 10 a especies liberadoras de gametos (con mayor abundancia de Montastraea cavernosa). La tasa de mortalidad encontrada (0.1) fue baja comparada con otras registradas, condición posiblemente relacionada con una presión moderada de los tensores presentes en el área durante la época del estudio. La abundancia de corales juveniles en los diferentes taxones y los signos de deterioro registrados son reflejo de las estrategias de vida, en las que especies incubadoras de plánulas son usualmente más abundantes y vulnerables.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Corales juveniles; Tasas de mortalidad; Incubadores de plánulas; Liberadores de gametos
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 95
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    Cultivo experimental en el mar de alga roja Hypnea musciforms en el área de Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Con el fin de proporcionar información sobre cultivos macroalgales en Colombia, se realizaron ensayos de cultivo en medio natural del alga roja Hypnea musciformis. El estudio se desarrolló entre febrero-junio de 2006 en la zona costera de Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano. Los ensayos se hicieron utilizando bolsas de polipropileno suspendidas en una línea superficial en el mar, considerando: lugar (Taganga y Puerto Luz), época climática (seca mayor y lluviosa menor) y tiempo de cosecha (semanal y quincenal). Se obtuvo en promedio total una tasa de crecimiento diaria (TCD) de 2.66 %. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los ensayos desarrollados; sin embargo, los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en Taganga en los ensayos semanales durante la época seca. Se obtuvo un rendimiento de carragenina de 44-48 % a partir del material cultivado. Aunque estos resultados sugieren que H. musciformis puede ser un recurso natural viable para su cultivo en la región de Santa Marta, esta especie produjo baja biomasa con el método de cultivo desarrollado. Es necesario continuar con más investigaciones para argumentar la viabilidad de desarrollar cultivos de H. musciformis a una escala comercial en la región, teniendo en cuenta otros lugares, ensayos anuales y cultivos a partir de esporas.
    Description: In order to provide information about seaweed culture in Colombia, culture essays of the red seaweed Hypnea musciformis were implemented in the natural habitat of the species. The study was carried out between February and June 2006 in the coastal area of Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean. Culture essays were developed using polypropylene hanging bags suspended on a line at sea surface, taking into consideration: site (Taganga and Puerto Luz), season (long dry and short rainy transition) and culture time (seven and fifteen days). The total mean daily growth rate (DGR) was 2.66 %. No significant differences were found between essays; however, the best results were obtained in Taganga during the dry season from seven-day yields. A carrageenan content of 44-48 % dry weight was obtained from the cultures. Although these results suggest that H. musciformis can be a viable natural resource for cultivation in the Santa Marta area, this species produced low biomass with the culture method used. More investigations are necessary to assess the feasibility of commercial scale culturing of H. musciformis in the region, taking into account other sites, annual essays and spore cultures.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Carragenine
    Keywords: Hypnea musciformis ; Algal culture ; Aquaculture techniques ; Marine aquaculture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 96
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    Malpelo y el desarrollo sostenible de la Colombia marina (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Nuestra generación tiene una enorme responsabilidad en materia de conservación y manejo responsable de los recursos naturales. En mayor o menormedida, todos los bienes y servicios de que gozamos provienen de la naturaleza. Por eso, debemos encontrar la forma de modernizar nuestro país, mejorar la calidad devida de nuestros ciudadanos y encontrar nuestro lugar como nación en el mundo,todo ello sin comprometer el presente y futuro ambiental de nuestro territorio, ni losrecursos de las generaciones venideras.Colombia está constituida en casi un 50 por ciento por mar. En virtud deesta condición, tenemos el reto de conservar y usar de forma sostenible los recursosmarino-costeros. Y, en este contexto, una de nuestras joyas marinas, merecedora dela mayor atención, es Malpelo.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Desarrollo sostenible
    Keywords: Resource management ; Sustainable development ; Marine resources
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 97
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    Distribución de la megafauna bentónica del Caribe colombiano asociada a variables ambientales del fondo marino (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: El presente análisis relaciona la distribución espacial de especies de la megafauna bentónica con gradientes de variables ambientales estimadas cerca al fondo oceánico, haciendo uso de datos obtenidos a lo largo de la provincia del mar Caribe colombiano. Los datos utilizados corresponden a muestras de megafauna bentónica obtenidas en 96 sitios de colecta entre los años 1999 y 2008 en un ámbito de profundidad entre 15 y 900 m. La distribución latitudinal de los taxa mayores se analizó a través de perfiles del fondo de 100 km de longitud desde la línea de costa. Se utilizaron curvas de acumulación de especies con intervalos de confianza de 95 % para hacer las comparaciones. La distribución de la megafauna bentónica se relacionó con los parámetros ambientales del fondo a través de análisis estadísticos (auto-correlación espacial, análisis de correspondencia y agrupamiento jerárquico). La profundidad se identificó como el principal factor regulador en la distribución de los ensamblajes. Se definieron ensamblajes particulares y las especies que los separaban: el camarón de aguas profundas Glyphocrangon neglecta, el coral solitario Deltocyathus eccentricus, el camarón Penaeopsis serrata, el galatéideo Agononida longipes, el ofiuro Ophiura acervata y la jaiba Portunus spinicarpus. Este estudio se constituye en uno de los puntos de partida para modelos de predicción de distribución de especies, en ejercicios de selección de sitios para la planificación de la conservación marina.
    Description: Distribution of Colombian Caribbean benthic megafauna species in relation with deep sea environmental gradients. This analysis relates the spatial distribution of benthic megafauna species with estimated environmental variables gradients close to the seafloor, using data obtained along the Colombian Caribbean sea province. The data used correspond to samples of benthic megafauna obtained in 96 collection sites between 1999 and 2008 at a depth range between 15 and 900 m. The latitudinal distribution of higher taxa was analyzed through profiles of 100 km length from the coastline. Species accumulation curves with confidence intervals of 95 % were used to make comparisons. The distribution of benthic mega fauna was related to environmental parameters through statistical analysis (auto-spatial correlation, correspondence analysis, and hierarchical clustering). The depth was identified as the main factor regulating the distribution of assemblages. Species that separated the assemblages were defined: the deep-water shrimp Glyphocrangon neglecta, the solitary coral Deltocyathus eccentricus, the shrimp Penaeopsis serrata, the squat lobster Agononida longipes, the brittle star Ophiura acervata and the crab Portunus spinicarpus. This study is one of the starting points for predictive models of species distribution in conservation planning selection site exercises.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Macrofaunal
    Keywords: Benthos ; Assemblages ; Depth
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 98
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    La importancia de Malpelo para Colombia (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A grandes rasgos, Colombia tiene un área jurisdiccional marítima que es aproximadamente igual a la de sus territorios emergidos; de ahí se deriva nuestro lema institucional: Colombia 50% Mar. De este porcentaje, el Pacífico colombiano tiene un área de aguas jurisdiccionales de 360 000 km2, lo que corresponde a casi el 18% del territorio nacional. Esta significativa área marítima en el Pacífico se debe a la privilegiada posición geográfica de la isla Malpelo.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Islands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 99
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    Efecto del tratamiento alcalino sobre la productividad y las propiedades físicas del agar-agar proveniente de Gracilaria verrucosa (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se evaluó el efecto del tratamiento alcalino con NaOH sobre el rendimiento en la extracción y en las propiedades físicas del agar de Gracilaria verrucosa recolectada en Santa Verónica (Atlántico, Colombia). El tratamiento alcalino se realizó a temperatura entre 80 y 85 °C, con concentraciones de solución de NaOH 3, 5, 7 y 10 % (p/v). Se determinó el rendimiento de la extracción y al agar obtenido se le midió la fuerza del gel y las temperaturas de fusión y gelificación. Aungque el rendimiento máximo se obtuvo para una concentración de 10 %, se encontraron diferencias significativas en las propiedades del agar, obteniéndose fuerza de gel máxima con solución 3 %. El agar-agar obtenido fue utilizado como base para agar nutritivo y se determinó su productividad meidante el método ecométrico utilizando 23 especies bacterianas, de las cuales Salmonella Enteriditis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Cholerasuis y Morganella morganii no tuvieron una recuperación satisfactoria en el medio prueba ni en los controles (agares comerciales). Los resultados del índice de crecimiento relativo (ICR) mostraron que el agar nutritivo a base de G. verrucosa tiene las mismas o mejores propiedades que los controles comerciales.
    Description: Effect of the alkaline treatment on the productivity and physical properties of agar-agar from Gracilaria verrucosa. The effect of the alkaline treatment on the yield of the extraction and physical properties of agar from Gracilaria verrucosa collected in Santa Verónica (Atlántico, Colombia) was investigated. The concentrations of sodium hydroxide solutions during the alkaline treatment were 3, 5, 7 and 10 /w/v), while temperature was mainteined in the range of 80-85 °C. The agar yield, gel strength, melting and gelification temperatures were determined. Although the maximum yield was obtained with 10 % sodium hydroxide solution, the maximum gel strength was obtained at 3 %. The agar-agar was used as a base of nutritive agar for 23 bacterial cultures and the productivity was measured using the ecometric method. From the bacterial strains tested, Salmonella Enteriditis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Cholerauis and Morganella morganii did not grow in the test of commercial media. The measures of relative growth index showed that nutritive agar from G. verrucosa have the same or better properties than the comercial ones.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Gracilaria verrucosa ; Productivity ; Red algae ; Agar
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 100
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    Composición y estructura trófica de los macroinvertebrados terrestres de a isla Malpelo, Pacífico colombiano (2012)
    INVEMAR, Santa Marta (Colombia)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Las islas oceánicas poseen ecosistemas con dinámicas especiales debido a su aislamiento y condicionesclimáticas influenciadas por el mar. Es el caso de la isla Malpelo, localizada en el Pacífico colombiano, en donde estudios previos mostraron una composición de invertebrados fuertemente dominada por depredadores. Con el propósito de contribuir al conocimiento de estos organismos en la isla, se realizaron muestreos en 22 parcelas, abarcando tres tipos de microhábitat, clasificados de acuerdo al tipo de suelo, sombra y vegetación. Las colectas se realizaron entre mayo y junio de 2006, mediante captura directa. Se obtuvieron 1294 especímenes, pertenecientes a siete clases y 25 órdenes. La diversidad estuvo determinada por la complejidad en la estructura del microhábitat, siendo más diverso el que presentó un mayor grado de heterogeneidad. El orden Aranae presentó el mayor número de especies, Coleoptera la mayor abundancia y Staphylinidae la mayor abundancia relativa. Los depredadores presentaron la mayor riqueza (45.3 %) y abundancia (40.6 %) de todos los gremios tróficos. Estos resultados refuerzan la idea de que el sistema terrestre de Malpelo es dependiente del mar.
    Description: Oceanic islands have special ecosystem dynamics due to their isolation and weather conditions influenced by the sea. This is also the case for Malpelo Island, located at the Colombian Pacific, where previous studies showed an invertebrate composition strongly dominated by predatory species. With the aim of contributing to the knowledge of these organisms on the island, 22 sample plots were surveyed, covering three types of microhabitat, classified according to the type of soil, shadow, and vegetation. Sampling took place between May and June 2006, by direct catches. A total of 1294 specimens from seven classes and 25 orders were obtained. Diversity was determined by microhabitat structure complexity, being more diverse the one that presented the greatest degree of heterogeneity. The order Araneae presented the highest number of species, Coleoptera the highest abundance and Staphylinidae the highest relative abundance. Predators showed the highest richness (45.3 %) and abundance (40.6 %) among all trophic guilds. These findings lent support to the idea that the terrestrial system of Malpelo depends on the sea.
    Description: INVEMAR
    Description: Published
    Description: Terrestrial invertebrates; Trophic guilds; Richness
    Keywords: Abundance ; Oceanic islands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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