ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing models of the earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. Such models provide powerful new tools for the study of earthquake precursory phenomena and the earthquake cycle. Through workshops, collaborations and publications, the APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulations (ACES) aims to develop realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process, thus providing a "virtual laboratory" to probe earthquake behavior. Part II of the book embraces dynamic rupture and wave propagation, computational environment and algorithms, data assimilation and understanding, and applications of models to earthquakes. This part also contains articles on the computational approaches and challenges of constructing earthquake models.

Description / Table of Contents: The widespread extension occured within the Variscan orogen and its northern foreland during late Carboniferous to Early Permian times. This was associated with magnetism and with a fundamental change, at the Westphalian-Stephanian boundary, in the regional stress field, coincident with the termination of orogenic activity and onset of dextral translation between North Africa and Europe. Rifting propagated across basement terranes with different ages and thermal histories. Most of the roft basins developed on relatively thin lithosphere; however, the highly magnetic Oslo graben initiated within the edge of a craton. Early stephanian regional uplift is contemporaneous with the onset of magmatism; inviting speculation that it might have been induced by a thermal anomaly within the upper mantle. The contributions to this volume suggest that the geodynamic setting in which magmatism occurred was complex, involving wrench tectonics, slab detachment, and delimination or thermal erosion of the base of the lithosphere.

Description / Table of Contents: The Grès d′Annot Formation of SE France constitutes a classic and outstanding example of a sand-rich turbidite system controlled by synsedimentary tectonics, and has often been used as an outcrop analogue for deep-water hydrocarbon reservoirs. Over the last 10 years, research efforts by different academic and industrial teams have led to important reappraisals of prevailing ideas on the Gres d′Annot, particularly on the nature and controlling factors of the depositional processes, the small-scale architecture and sequence organization of the deposits, the tectonic regime of the basin and its impact on palaeogeography, and the interaction between sediment gravity flows and basin-floor topography. This volume offers a multidisciplinary overview and draws up the ′state-of-the-art′ of scientific knowledge on this influential turbidite system. Complementary aspects are covered, from structural geology, sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy, to modelling of sedimentary processes and architectures, geochemistry, reservoir characterization, seismic modelling and uses as analogues for deep-marine hydrocarbon fields. This book will be of use to both academic researchers (geologists and geophysicists) and industry professionals dealing with the characterization and modelling of deep-water sediments.

Description / Table of Contents: Our understanding of rock forming geological processes and thereby of geodynamic processes depends largely on a sound basis of knowledge of minerals. Due to the application of new analytical techniques, the number of newly discovered minerals increases steadily, and what used to be a simple mineral may have turned into a complex group. A continuous update is necessary, and the Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry series excellently fulfills this requirement. The epidote minerals have not yet been covered and we felt that this gap should be filled. The epidote mineral group consists of important rock-forming minerals such as clinozoisite and epidote, geochemical important accessory minerals such as allanite, and minerals typical for rare bulk compositions such as hancockite. Zoisite, the orthorhombic polymorph of clinozoisite, is included here because of its strong structural and paragenetic similarity to the epidote minerals. Epidote minerals occur in a wide variety of rocks, from near-surface conditions up to high- and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks and as liquidus phases in magmatic systems. They can be regarded as the low-temperature and high-pressure equivalent of Ca-rich plagioclase, and thus are equally important as this feldspar for petrogenetic purposes. In addition, they belong to the most important Fe3+ bearing minerals, and give important information about the oxygen fugacity and the oxidation state of a rock. Last but not least, they can incorporate geochemically relevant minor and trace elements such as Sr, Pb, REE, V, and Mn. The epidote minerals are undoubtedly very important from a petrogenetic and geochemical point of view, and have received a lot of attention in the last years from several working groups in the field of experimental studies and spectroscopic work. As a result, the thermodynamic database of epidote minerals has been significantly enlarged during the last decade. Recent studies have revealed the importance of zoisite in subduction zone processes as a carrier of H2O and suggested zoisite to be the main H2O source in the pressure interval between about 2.0 and 3.0 GPa. Many studies have shown that an understanding of trace element geochemical processes in high-pressure rocks is impossible without understanding the geochemical influence of the epidote minerals. Recent advances in microanalytical techniques have also shown that epidote minerals record detailed information on their geological environment. W. A. Deer, R. A. Howie and J. Zussmann edited the last comprehensive review on this mineral group almost 20 years ago in 1986. In 1990, on the occasion of the 125th anniversary of the discovery of the famous Knappenwand locality in the Tauern/Austria, an epidote conference was held in Neukirchen/Austria organized by the Austrian Mineralogical Society by V. Höck and F. Koller. In 1999, there was a special symposium at the EUG 10 in Strasbourg, convened by R. Gieré and F. Oberli, entitled Recent advances in studies of the epidote group that highlighted the relevance of the epidote minerals for Earth science. However, there are many open questions in the community regarding the epidote minerals and there is a need for a new overview that brings together the recent knowledge on this interesting group of minerals. The present volume of the Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry reviews the current state of knowledge on the epidote minerals with special emphasis on the advances that were made since the comprehensive review of Deer et al. (1986). We hope that it will serve to outline the open questions and direction of future research. In the Introduction, we review the structure, optical data and crystal chemistry of this mineral group, all of which form the basis for understanding much of the following material in the volume. In addition, we provide some information on special topics, such as morphology and growth, deformation behavior, and gemology. Thermodynamic properties (Chapter 2, Gottschalk), the spectroscopy of the epidote minerals (Chapter 3, Liebscher) and a review of the experimental studies (Chapter 4, Poli and Schmidt) constitute the first section of chapters. These fields are closely related, and all three chapters show the significant progress over the last years, but that some of the critical questions such as the problem of miscibility and miscibility gaps are still not completely solved. This section concludes with a review of fluid inclusion studies (Chapter 5, Klemd), a topic that turned out to be of large interest for petrogenetic interpretation, and leads to the description of natural epidote occurrences in the second section of the book. These following chapters review the geological environments of the epdiote minerals, from low temperature in geothermal fields (Chapter 6, Bird and Spieler), to common metamorphic rocks (Chapter 7, Grapes and Hoskin) and to high- and ultrahigh pressure (Chapter 8, Enami, Liou and Mattinson) and the magmatic regime (Chapter 9, Schmidt and Poli). Allanite (Chapter 10, Gieré and Sorensen) and piemontite (Chapter 11, Bonazzi and Menchetti), on which a large amount of information is now available, are reviewed in separate chapters. Finally trace element (Chapter 12, Frei, Liebscher, Franz and Dulski) and isotopic studies, both stable and radiogenic isotopes (Chapter 13, Morrison) are considered. We found it unavoidable that there is some overlap between individual chapters. This is an inherited problem in a mineral group such as the epidote minerals, which forms intensive solid solutions between the major components of rock forming minerals as well as with trace elements.

Description / Table of Contents: The Azores-Tunisia region is formed by the western part of the plate boundary between Eurasia and Africa. This plate boundary presents a complex nature due to its proximity to the pole of rotation of the African plate. This condition produces crustal extensions and normal faulting at the Azores archipelago, transcurrent motion with strike slip faulting at the center part of the Azores-Gibraltar fault and at the eastern end, from the Gulf of Cadiz to Tunisia, plate convergence with reverse faulting. In this last part, the collision of Iberia with northern Morocco produces complex phenomena with intermediate depth and deep earthquakes and an extensional regime at the Alboran sea. Recently, new evidence has been gathered in this region based on observations from geology, geodesy, mainly through GPS measurements, seismology, especially with the installation of broad-band stations, and other fields of geophysics, such as paleomagnetism and gravimetry.

Description / Table of Contents: Exciting developments in earthquake science have benefited from new observations, improved computational technologies, and improved modeling capabilities. Designing models of the earthquake of the earthquake generation process is a grand scientific challenge due to the complexity of phenomena and range of scales involved from microscopic to global. Such models provide powerful new tools for the study of earthquake precursory phenomena and the earthquake cycle. Through workshops, collaborations and publications the APEC Cooperation for Earthquake Simulations (ACES) aims to develop realistic supercomputer simulation models for the complete earthquake generation process, thus providing a "virtual laboratory" to probe earthquake behavior. Part I of the book covers microscopic simulations, scaling physics and earthquake generation and cycles. This part also focuses on plate processes and earthquake generation from a macroscopic standpoint.

Description / Table of Contents: The topics included in this issue deal with many aspects of volcanic and seismic activity, two of the natural hazards of geological origin that have the greatest impact and pose the predominant risk to society. This book comprises eighteen papers, most of which were presented at an international seminar organized and held at the Complutense University of Madrid in October 2001. The papers address geodetic, geophysical and geochemical effects caused by seismic and volcanic activity; monitoring of volcanic and seismic processes using space and terrestrial techniques; complementarity of these techniques; theoretical modelling of volcanic and seismic processes; inverse problem; interpretation of observations; hazards; seismicity patterns and application.

Description / Table of Contents: Der Band führt den Grund- und Aufbaukurs der Mathematischen Grundlagen für Biologie und Geowissenschaft zusammen und stellt zahlreiche neue Übungsaufgaben vor. Die vorliegende Bearbeitung der Vorlesung und der Übungsaufgaben soll die Studierenden anregen, über mathematische Probleme nachzudenken, und sie in die Lage versetzen, bei Bedarf weitergehende Fachbuchliteratur studieren zu können.

Description / Table of Contents: The wide distribution of dolomite rocks in North American, Middle- and Far-Eastern hydrocarbon reservoirs is reason enough for their intensive study. In this volume dolomite enthusiasts review progress and define the current boundaries of dolomite research, related particularly to the importance of these rocks as reservoirs. As might be expected, reviews provide critical analyses of past ideas on origins and why many are no longer tenable. Discussions range between conceptual models and numerical simulations of the flow paths of dolomitizing fluids, geochemical modelling, and microbial mediation. Case studies from areas as diverse as North America, the Middle East, SE Asia and Australia provide a solid background but illustrate important differences in views on the origins of these enigmatic rocks.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume is a state of the art look at our understanding of joint development in the crust. Answers are provided for such questions as the mechanisms by which joints are initiated, the factors controlling the path they follow during the propagation process, and the processes responsible for the arrest of joints. Many of the answers to these questions can be inferred from the geometry of joint surface morphology and joint patterns. Joints are a record of the orientation of stress at the time of propagation and as such they are also useful records of ancient stress fields, regional and local. Because outcrop and subsurface views of joints are limited, statistical techniques are required to characterize joints and joint sets. Finally, joints are subject to post-propagation stresses that further localize deformation and are the focus for the development of new structures.

Description / Table of Contents: Der vorliegende Band enthält Beiträge zur 74. Jahrestagung der Paläontologischen Gesellschaft, die 2004 das vierte Mal in Göttingen tagte. Das Tagungsthema »Geobiologie« weist zum einen auf die Schlüsselstellung paläontologischer Forschungen in der Geo- und Biosphäre hin wie auch auf die enge Verfl echtung zwischen den einzelnen Disziplinen der Geo- und Biowissenschaften. Die »Geobiologie« als richtungsweisende und moderne Disziplin erfordert die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit vieler Fachrichtungen. Die Tagungsbeiträge vermitteln einen Eindruck vom breitgefächerten Wesen sowie den Aufgaben geobiologischer und paläontologischer Forschung und Wissensvermittlung.

Description / Table of Contents: Im Rahmen der 74. Jahrestagung der Paläontologischen Gesellschaft, die 2004 zum vierten Mal in Göttingen stattfand, wurden sechs Exkursionen in die nähere Umgebung Göttingens durchgeführt sowie Workshops zu Geo-Histologie, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Ostrakoden angeboten. Der vorliegende Exkursionsführer und Workshop-Begleiter ist mit zahlreichen Abbildungen und Farbseiten ausgestattet. Er bietet zur regionalen Geowissenschaft Niedersachsens und zu den genannten Workshop-Themen aktuelle und fundierte Informationen.

Description / Table of Contents: This book provides incentives for further development of sustainable fuel cycles through a novel and interdisciplinary approach to an Earth science-related topic. The main focus is on geochemical concepts in immobilizing, isolating or neutralizing waste derived from energy production and consumption. The book also addresses the issue of using some types of energy-derived waste as alternative raw materials. Moreover, it highlights research on how certain wastes can be used for energy production, an increasingly important aspect of modern integrated waste management strategies. The main objectives are to: (a) identify the most serious environmental problems related to various types of power generation and associated waste accumulation; (b) present strategies, based on natural analogue materials, for the immobilization of toxic and radioactive waste components through mineralogical barriers; (c) discuss modern procedures for reuse of waste or certain waste components; and (d) review the importance of geochemical modelling in describing and predicting the interaction between waste and the environment.

Description / Table of Contents: Recent advancements in the understanding of mountain belts have focused on vertical coupling of the lithospheric layers. This volume describes the extent to which observed or inferred sub-horizontal coupling or attachment zones provide vertical kinematic linkage between rheologically distinct layers in the continental lithosphere. A common theme is whether the deformation, which partitioned differently in each layer, is linked kinematically across attachment zones and driven by flow in the deeper crust and mantle lithosphere. The papers are divided into six sections. The first analyses the extent to which mantle flow controls deformation of the overlying layers. The Vertical axis block rotations section uses geological and palaeomagnetic data to constrain the role and magnitude of basal shear across mid-crustal attachment zones. The Lower crustal flow and topography section addresses the time-dependent development of orogenic plateaux and their role in the orogenic cycle. Multiple examples of the spatial and temporal development of lithospheric coupling are given in both the Orogenic examples and Subduction examples sections. Finally, rheological constraints of vertical coupling in the lithosphere are investigated.

Description / Table of Contents: This publication reflects a growing appreciation of yhe extent to which turbidite depositional system development is fundamentally affected by basin-floor topography. In the many turbidite and turbidite hydrocarbon reservoirs, depositional patterns have been moderately to strongly confined by pre-existing slopes; thus 'submarine fans' may be far from fan-shaped where constrained by significant bathymetric features. This volume examines aspects of sediment dispersal and accumulation in deep-water systems where sea-floor topography has exerted a decisive control on deposition, and explores the associated controls on hydrocarbon reservoir architecture and heterogeneity. The papers presented here offer a global perspective, which is wide-ranging in terms of approach as well as location, including contrasting reviews and case studies of outcrop, subsurface, modern and experimental systems. This book will be of use both to academic geologists and to geoscience professionals in industry dealing with characterization and modelling of deep-water clastic reservoirs.

Description / Table of Contents: Reservoir geochemistry can throw light on the origin of petroleum reservoir fluidheterogeneities at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. This information can be usedto understand the formation and performance of petroleum accumulations, and is avaluable tool for exploration, development and productionstrategies. Key topics covered in this book include: analyticalmethods for the determination of fluid compositionalheterogeneity; physical, chemical and numerical models forinterpreting compositional differences in terms of basin historyand reservoir connectivity; and application case studies. There is now a significant potential for a new wave ofdevelopment focused on component concentrations and amore evolutionary chemical model of reservoired petroleum.When coupled with integrative utilitarian reservoir charge/mixing/production numericalmodels, reservoir geochemistry can provide one of the most significant advances inexploration and production during the 21st century.

Description / Table of Contents: This book gives an up-to-date overview of the physical geology of sub-volcanic intrusions. Topics covered in this wide-ranging volume include important aspects of the field geology and physical volcanology of sills, laccoliths and sub-volcanic complexes, magma-sediment interaction and numerical and experimental studies aimed at quantifying more precisely the emplacement mechanics of high-level magmatic intrusions. Provocative papers ask whether laccoliths and high-level sills are forming today, and question the nature of the relationship between high-level intrusions and contemporaneous volcanic activity. Several contributions also deal with the more applied aspects of high-level magma emplacement and 3D seismic imaging of sill and laccolith complexes as relevant to the hydrocarbons industry. It is hoped that with the publication of this volume a consensus will emerge that will help to advance our understanding of the more important physical factors governing the emplacement of high-level intrusions in the continental crust, along with their wider geotectonic implications.

Description / Table of Contents: Forensic geoscience is an increasingly important sub-discipline within geoscience and forensic science. Although minerals, soils, dusts and rock fragments have been used as only begun to be recognized in the last ten years or so. The police and other investigative bodies are keen to encourage such developments in the fight against crime, particularly since many criminals show a high level of forensic awareness with regard to evidence such as fingerprints, blood and other body fluids. The papers in this volume illustrate some of the main principles, techniques and applications in current forensic geoscience, covering research and casework in the UK and internationally. The techniques described range from macro-scale field geophysical investigations to micro-scale laboratory studies of the chemical and textural properties of individual particles. In addition to forensic applications, many of these techniques have broad utility in geological, geomorphological, soil science and archaeological research.

Description / Table of Contents: Duncan McIlroy: The application of ichnology to palaeoenvironmental and stratigraphic analysis: introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:1-2, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.01 --- Duncan McIlroy: Some ichnological concepts, methodologies, applications and frontiers / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:3-27, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.02 --- S. George Pemberton, James A. MacEachern, and Tom Saunders: Stratigraphic applications of substrate-specific ichnofacies: delineating discontinuities in the rock record / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:29-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.03 --- Ingrid Glaub: Recent and sub-recent microborings from the upwelling area off Mauritania (West Africa) and their implications for palaeoecology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:63-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.04 --- Roland Goldring, Gerhard C. Cadée, Assunta D’Alessandro, Jordi M. De Gibert, Richard Jenkins, and John E. Pollard: Climatic control of trace fossil distribution in the marine realm / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:77-92, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.05 --- Phillip L. Manning: A new approach to the analysis and interpretation of tracks: examples from the dinosauria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:93-123, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.06 --- Alfred Uchman: Phanerozoic history of deep-sea trace fossils / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:125-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.07 --- Kate D. Martin: A re-evaluation of the relationship between trace fossils and dysoxia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:141-156, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.08 --- M. Gabriela Mángano and Luis A. Buatois: Ichnology of Carboniferous tide-influenced environments and tidal flat variability in the North American Midcontinent / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:157-178, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.09 --- Kerrie L. Bann, Christopher R. Fielding, James A. MacEachern, and Stuart C. Tye: Differentiation of estuarine and offshore marine deposits using integrated ichnology and sedimentology: Permian Pebbley Beach Formation, Sydney Basin, Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:179-211, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.10 --- Christopher T. Baldwin, P. K. Strother, J. H. Beck, and Eben Rose: Palaeoecology of the Bright Angel Shale in the eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, incorporating sedimentological, ichnological and palynological data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:213-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.11 --- Duncan McIlroy: Ichnofabrics and sedimentary facies of a tide-dominated delta: Jurassic Ile Formation of Kristin Field, Haltenbanken, Offshore Mid-Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:237-272, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.12 --- Kerrie L. Bann and Christopher R. Fielding: An integrated ichnological and sedimentological comparison of non-deltaic shoreface and subaqueous delta deposits in Permian reservoir units of Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:273-310, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.13 --- Luis A. Buatois and M. Gabriela Mángano: Animal-substrate interactions in freshwater environments: applications of ichnology in facies and sequence stratigraphic analysis of fluvio-lacustrine successions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:311-333, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.14 --- Richardo N. Melchor: Trace fossil distribution in lacustrine deltas: examples from the Triassic rift lakes of the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión basin, Argentina / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:335-354, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.15 --- Jorge F. Genise, E. S. Bellosi, and M. G. Gonzalez: An approach to the description and interpretation of ichnofabrics in palaeosols / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:355-382, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.16 --- Mary L. Droser, Søren Jensen, and James G. Gehlîng: Development of early Palaeozoic ichnofabrics: evidence from shallow marine siliciclastics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:383-396, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.17 --- Richard J. Twitchett and Colin G. Barras: Trace fossils in the aftermath of mass extinction events / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:397-418, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.18 --- Jorge F. Genise: Ichnotaxonomy and ichnostratigraphy of chambered trace fossils in palaeosols attributed to coleopterans, ants and termites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:419-453, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.19 --- Richard G. Bromley: A stratigraphy of marine bioerosion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 228:455-479, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.228.01.20

Description / Table of Contents: Preface / John Malpas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 1-4, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.01 --- Precambrian --- Determining Precambrian crustal evolution in China: a case-study from Wutaishan, Shanxi Province, demonstrating the application of precise SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology / Simon A. Wilde, Peter A. Cawood, Kaiyi Wang, Alexander Nemchin and Guochun Zhao / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 5-25, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.02 --- Late Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic evolution of the Trans-North China Orogen: insights from synthesis of existing data from the Hengshan-Wutai-Fuping belt / Guochun Zhao, Min Sun, Simon A. Wilde and Jinghui Guo / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 27-55, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.03 --- Precambrian tectonic evolution of the North China Craton / Mingguo Zhai / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 57-72, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.04 --- Palaezoic --- The Central Asian Orogenic Belt and growth of the continental crust in the Phanerozoic / Bor-Ming Jahn / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 73-100, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.05 --- Tectonic evolution of Palaeozoic terranes in West Junggar, Xinjiang, NW China / Solomon Buckman and Jonathan C. Aitchison / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 101-129, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.06 --- Nb-depleted, continental rift-related Akaz metavolcanic rocks (West Kunlun): implication for the rifting of the Tarim Craton from Gondwana / Chao Yuan, Min Sun, Jingsui Yang, Hui Zhou and Mei-Fu Zhou / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 131-143, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.07 --- Basement heterogeneity in the Cathaysia crustal block, southeast China / Chris J. N. Fletcher, Lung. S. Chan, Roderick J. Sewell, S. Diarmad G. Campbell, Donald W. Davis and Jieshou Zhu / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 145-155, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.08 --- Mesozoic --- Subduction, collision and exhumation in the ultrahigh-pressure Qinling-Dabie orogen / Bradley R. Hacker, Lothar Ratschbacher and J. G. Liou / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 157-175, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.09 --- UHP rocks and the Dabieshan Orogenic Belt / Qingchen Wang and Bolin Cong / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 177-192, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.10 --- Jurassic intraplate magmatism in southern Hunan-eastern Guangxi: 40Ar/39Ar dating, geochemistry, Sr-Nd isotopes and implications for the tectonic evolution of SE China / Xian-Hua Li, Sun-Lin Chung, Hanwen Zhou, Ching-Hua Lo, Ying Liu and Chang-Hwa Chen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 193-215, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.11 --- Cenozoic-Present --- Evidence for the multiphase nature of the India-Asia collision from the Yarlung Tsangpo suture zone, Tibet / Jonathan C. Aitchison and Aileen M. Davis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 217-233, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.12 --- Conglomerates record the tectonic evolution of the Yarlung-Tsangpo suture zone in southern Tibet / Aileen M. Davis, Jonathan C. Aitchison, Badengzhu and Luo Hui / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 235-246, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.13 --- Ultra-high pressure minerals in the Luobusa Ophiolite, Tibet, and their tectonic implications / Paul T. Robinson, Wen-Ji Bai, John Malpas, Jing-Sui Yang, Mei-Fu Zhou, Qing-Song Fang, Xu-Feng Hu, Stanley Cameron and Hubert Staudigel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 247-271, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.14 --- Cretaceous palaeomagnetism of Indochina and surrounding regions: Cenozoic tectonic implications / Cung Thuong Chi and Steven L. Dorobek / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 273-287, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.15 --- Geology of the Zamboanga Peninsula, Mindanao, Philippines: an enigmatic South China continental fragment? / Graciano P. Yumul, Carla B. Dimalanta, Rodolfo A. Tamayo, Rene C. Maury, Herve Bellon, Mireille Polvé, Victor B. Maglambayan, Cliff L. Querubin and Joseph Cotten / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 289-312, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.16 --- Cenozoic tectonics of the China continental margin: insights from Taiwan / Louis S. Teng and Andrew T. Lin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 313-332, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.17 --- Precisely relocated hypocentres, focal mechanisms and active orogeny in Central Taiwan / F. T. Wu, C. S. Chang and Y. M. Wu / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 226, 333-353, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.226.01.18

Description / Table of Contents: Until only a few years ago, I would never have imagined that a volume on the stable isotope geochemistry of elements like Mg, Fe or Cu would be written. In fact, a comic book of blank pages entitled The Stable Isotope Geochemistry of Fluorine would have been a more likely prospect. In volume 16 of this series, published in 1986, I wrote: Isotopic variations have been looked for but not found for heavy elements like Cu, Sn, and Fe .... Natural variations in isotopic ratios of terrestrial materials have been reported for other light elements like Mg and K, but such variations usually turn out to be laboratory artifacts. I am about ready to eat those words. We have known for many years that large isotopic fractionations of heavy elements like Pb develop in the source regions of TIMS machines. Nonetheless, most of us held fast to the conventional wisdom that no significant mass-dependent isotopic fractionations were likely to occur in natural or laboratory systems for elements that are either heavy or engaged in bonds with a dominant ionic character. With the relatively recent appearance of new instrumentation like MC-ICP-MS and heroic methods development in TIMS analyses, it became possible to make very precise measurements of the isotopic ratios of some of these non-traditional elements, particularly if they comprise three or more isotopes. It was eminently reasonable to reexamine these systems in this new light. Perhaps atomic weights could be refined, or maybe there were some unexpected isotopic variations to discover. There were around the turn of the present century, reports began appearing of biological fractionations of about 2-3 per mil for heavy elements like Fe and Cr and attempts were made to determine the magnitude of equilibrium isotope effects in these systems, both by experiment and semi-empirical calculations. Interest emerged in applying these effects to the study of environmental problems. Even the most recalcitrant skeptic now accepts the fact that measurable and meaningful variations in the isotopic ratios of heavy elements occur as a result of chemical, biological and physical processes. Most of the work discussed in this volume was published after the year 2000 and thus the chapters are more like progress reports rather than reviews. Skepticism now focuses on whether isotopic variations as small as 0.1 per mil are indeed as meaningful as some think, and the fact that measured isotopic fractionations of these non-traditional elements are frequently much smaller than predicted from theoretical considerations. In fact the large fractionations suggested by the calculations provide much of the stimulus for working in this discipline. Clearly some carefully designed experiments could shed light on some of the ambiguity. My optimism for the future of this burgeoning new field remains high because it is in very good hands indeed.

Description / Table of Contents: The accelerated, and often uncontrolled, growth of the cities has contributed to the ecological transformation of their immediate surroundings. Factors contributing to the urban vulnerability include: lowering or rising of the water table, subsidence, loss of bearing capacity of soil foundations and instability of slopes. Recent catastrophic earthquakes highlight the poor understanding by decision makers of seismic related risk, as well as the tendency of some builders to use the cheapest designs and construction materials to increase short-term economic returns on their investment. Losses from earthquakes will continue to increase if we do not shift towards proactive solution. Disaster reduction is both an issue for consideration in the sustainable development agenda and a cross-cutting issue relating to the social, economic, environmental and humanitarian sectors. As location is the key factor, which determines the level of risk associated with a hazard, land-use plans and mapping should be used as tools to identify the most suitable usage for vulnerable areas.

Description / Table of Contents: Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is the main compound identified as affecting the stability of the Earth's climate. A significant reduction in the volume of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere is a key mechanism for mitigating climate change. Geological storage of CO 2, or the injection and long-term stabilization of large volumes of CO 2 in the subsurface in saline aquifers, in existing hydrocarbon reservoirs or in unmineable coal seams, is one of the more technologically advanced options available. A number of studies have been carried out and are reported here. They are aimed at understanding the safety, physical and chemical behaviour and long-term fate of CO 2 when stored in geological formations. Until efficient, alternative energy options can be developed, geological storage of CO 2, the subject of this volume, provides a mechanism to reduce carbon emissions significantly whilst continuing to meet the global demand for energy.

Description / Table of Contents: The Cretaceous submarine Ontong Java Plateau, in the western Pacific Ocean, is the most volumnous of the world's large igneous provinces(LIPs), and represents the largest known magmatic event on Earth. LIPs are the products of basaltic volcanism on a scale and at an effusion rate not seen on Earth at the present time, and their formation may have had significant effects on the Earth's climate and biosphere. The currently favoured explanation for LIP formation is the rapid decompression and melting of anomalously hot mantle in the heads of newly ascended mantle plumes. This volume summarizes the results of research aimed principally at testing the plume-head hypothesis for the formation of the Ontong Java Plateau, and presents the results of integrated studies following recent basement drilling on the plateau by the Ocean Drilling Program Nineteen papers cover topics as diverse as petrology, geochemistry, tectonics, volcanology, paleomagnatism and biostratigraphy.

Description / Table of Contents: Geological prior information represents a new and emerging field within the geosciences. Prior information is the term used to describe previously existing knowledge that can be brought to bear on a new problem. This volume describes a range of methods that can be used to find solutions to practical and theoretical problems using geological prior information, and the nature of geological information that can be so employed. As such, this volume defines how geology can be influential far beyond the confines of its own definition.

Description / Table of Contents: Faults and their deeper level equivalents, shear zones, are localized regions of intense deformation within the Earth. They are recognized at all scales from micro to plate boundary, and are important examples of the nature of heterogeneous deformation in natural rocks. Faults and shear zones are significant as they profoundly influence the location, architecture and evolution of a broad range of geological phenomenao The topography and bathymetry of the Earth’s surface is marked by mountain belts and sedimentary basins that are controlled by faults and shear zoneso In addition, faults and shear zones control fluid migration and transport including hydrothermal and hydrocarbon systems. Once faults and shear zones are established, they are often long-lived features prone to multiple reactivation over very large time-scales. This collection of papers addresses lithospheric deformation and the rheology of shear zones, together with processes of partitioning and the unravelling of fault and shear zone histories.

Description / Table of Contents: Preface / John Mather / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, vi, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.01 --- 200 years of British hydrogeology — an introduction and overview / J. D. Mather / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 1-13, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.02 --- The water-related work of William Smith (1769–1839) / H. S. Torrens / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 15-30, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.03 --- Dr John Snow and an early investigation of groundwater contamination / Michael Price / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 31-49, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.04 --- William Whitaker (1836–1925) — geologist, bibliographer and a pioneer of British hydrogeology / William H. George / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 51-65, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.05 --- Joseph Lucas (1846–1926) — Victorian polymath and a key figure in the development of British hydrogeology / J. D. Mather, H. S. Torrens and K. J. Lucas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 67-88, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.06 --- 19th century studies of the hydrogeology of the Permo-Triassic Sandstones of the northern Cheshire Basin, England / John H. Tellam / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 89-105, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.07 --- Robert Stephenson (1803–1859) — the first groundwater engineer / M. Preene / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 107-119, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.08 --- ‘Making water’: the hydrogeological adventures of Britain’s early mining engineers / Paul L. Younger / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 121-157, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.09 --- The contribution of geologists to the development of emergency groundwater supplies by the British army / Edward P. F. Rose / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 159-182, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.10 --- Groundwater versus surface water in Scotland and Ireland — the formative years / N. S. Robins, J. R. P. Bennett and K. T. Cullen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 183-191, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.11 --- Bath thermal waters: 400 years in the history of geochemistry and hydrogeology / W. Mike Edmunds / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 193-199, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.12 --- Chalybeate springs at Tunbridge Wells: site of a 17th-century new town / J. G. C. M. Fuller / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 201-212, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.13 --- The Scottish hydropathic establishments and their use of groundwater / Iain Spence and Nick Robins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 213-217, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.14 --- British hydrogeologists in North Africa and the Middle East: an historical perspective / J. W. Lloyd / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 219-227, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.15 --- British hydrogeologists in West Africa — an historical evaluation of their role and contribution / Robin Hazell / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 229-237, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.16 --- British attempts to develop groundwater and water supply on Gibraltar 1800–1985 / Edward P.F. Rose, John D. Mather and Manuel Perez / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 239-262, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.17 --- The first use of geophysics in borehole siting in hardrock areas of Africa / Ron Barker / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 263-269, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.18 --- The development of groundwater in the UK between 1935 and 1965 — the role of the Geological Survey of Great Britain / R. A. Downing / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 271-282, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.19 --- Jack Ineson (1917–1970) The instigator of quantitative hydrogeology in Britain / R. A. Downing and D. A. Gray / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 283-286, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.20 --- Stevenson Buchan (1907–1996): field geologist, hydrogeologist and administrator / D. A. Gray and J. D. Mather / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 287-293, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.21 --- Groundwater studies in the Institute of Geological Sciences between 1965 and 1977 / D. A. Gray / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 295-318, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.22 --- Norman Savage Boulton (1899–1984): civil engineer and groundwater hydrologist / R. A. Downing, W. Eastwood and K. R. Rushton / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 319-322, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.23 --- Groundwater in a national water strategy, 1964–1979 / R. A. Downing / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 323-338, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.24 --- Recollections of a golden age: the groundwater schemes of Southern Water 1970–1990 / H. G. Headworth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 339-362, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.25 --- Developments in UK hydrogeology since 1974 / F. C. Brassington / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 225, 363-385, 1 January 2004, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.225.01.26

Description / Table of Contents: This volume explores geological boundaries in time and space using palynology and micropalaeontology. Boundaries produce distinct signatures in the micropalaeontological record. Diffuse or sharp, gradual or abrupt, boundaries can tell us much about the response of biotic systems to environmental change in both marine and terrestrial realms. Different microfossil groups and geological contexts require their own approaches, definitions and considerations of boundaries. The papers in this compilation capture the current range of thinking on the methodology of boundary identification from biostratigraphical, ecological and palaeoenvironmental perspectives. Contributions span the Cambrian to Miocene and feature many fossil groups (including pollen, dinoflagellates, foraminifera, ostracodes, conodonts, and diatoms). With a strong Canadian and North American focus, the volume also includes contributions from Poland, Egypt, Belgium, Argentina and the United Kingdom.

Description / Table of Contents: Fabric is a ubiquitous and significant feature of geological materials. The processes involved in the formation and deformation of rocks and sediments leave their mark on the orientations of the constituent mineral grains. Petrofabrics thus provide essential keys to understanding the history of geological materials. Magnetic anisotropy is directly related to petrofabric, and has become one of the most rapid, sensitive and widely used tools for its characterization. The relationship between magnetic fabric and petrofabric is complex and depends on various factors including the composition, concentration and grain size of mineral grains. Ongoing research in geological applications is paralleled by studies of the fundamental mineral magnetic phenomena involved. The papers in this book represent the current state of investigations in magnetic anisotropy studies as a discipline that integrates geological interpretations, mineral fabric development, technical advances and rock-magnetic properties.