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Dissertations

Towards seasonal prediction : stratosphere-troposphere coupling in the atmospheric model ICON-NWP (2020)

Köhler, Raphael H. [VerfasserIn] ; Rex, Markus [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] [GutachterIn] ; Brönnimann, Stefan [GutachterIn] ; [et al.]

Potsdam : Universität Potsdam

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Call number: AWI A6-21-94541

Description / Table of Contents: Stratospheric variability is one of the main potential sources for sub-seasonal to seasonal predictability in mid-latitudes in winter. Stratospheric pathways play an important role for long-range teleconnections between tropical phenomena, such as the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the mid-latitudes on the one hand, and linkages between Arctic climate change and the mid-latitudes on the other hand. In order to move forward in the field of extratropical seasonal predictions, it is essential that an atmospheric model is able to realistically simulate the stratospheric circulation and variability. The numerical weather prediction (NWP) configuration of the ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic atmosphere model ICON is currently being used by the German Meteorological Service for the regular weather forecast, and is intended to produce seasonal predictions in future. This thesis represents the first extensive evaluation of Northern Hemisphere stratospheric winter circulation in ICON-NWP by analysing a ...

Type of Medium: Dissertations

Pages: viii, 119 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-487231

URL: https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-48723

URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-487231

DOI: 10.25932/publishup-48723

Language: English

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2020 , Contents1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation: Seasonal prediction 1.2 The new atmosphere model ICON 1.3 Research questions 2 Theoretical background 2.1 Fundamentals of atmospheric circulation 2.1.1 Primitive equations 2.1.2 The global energy budget 2.1.3 Baroclinic instability 2.1.4 Vertical structure of the atmosphere 2.2 Stratospheric dynamics 2.2.1 Circulation patterns 2.2.2 Atmospheric waves 2.2.3 Sudden stratospheric warmings 2.2.4 Quasi-biennial oscillation 2.3 Atmospheric Teleconnections 2.3.1 NAM, NAO and PNA 2.3.2 El Niño-Southern Oscillation 2.3.3 Arctic-midlatitude linkages 3 Atmospheric model and methods of analysis 3.1 Atmospheric model ICON-NWP 3.1.1 Model description 3.1.2 Experimental setup 3.2 Reanalysis data ERA-Interim 3.3 Methods of analysis 3.3.1 NAM index for stratosphere–troposphere coupling 3.3.2 Stratospheric warmings 3.3.3 ENSO index and composites 3.3.4 Bias and error estimation 3.3.5 Statistical significance 4 Results 4.1 Evaluation of seasonal experiments with ICON-NWP 4.1.1 Tropospheric circulation 4.1.2 Stratospheric circulation 4.2 Effect of gravity wave drag parameterisations 4.2.1 Stratospheric effects 4.2.2 Effects on stratosphere-troposphere coupling 4.2.3 Tropospheric effects 4.3 Low latitudinal influence on the stratospheric polar vortex 4.3.1 Quasi-biennial oscillation 4.3.2 El Niño-Southern Oscillation 4.4 Arctic-midlatitude linkages 4.4.1 Tropospheric processes 4.4.2 Stratospheric pathway 4.4.3 Sea ice sensitivity experiment 5 Discussion and outlook Bibliography Appendix

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The history of plant diversity change and community assembly a high-altitude and high-latitude ecosystems inferred from sedimentary (ancient) DNA and pollen (2021)

Liu, Sisi [VerfasserIn] ; Herzschuh, Ulrike [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] ; Greve, Inger [GutachterIn] ; [et al.]

Potsdam : Universität Potsdam

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Call number: AWI Bio-22-94767

Type of Medium: Dissertations

Pages: XVIII, 165 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme

Language: English

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2021 , Table of Contents Acknowledgements Abstract Zusammenfassung List of figure List of tables List of abbreviation Chapter 1 1. Introduction 1.1 Research background 1.1.1 Response of mountain plant diversity to climate change 1.1.2 Response of Arctic vegetation composition and diversity to climate change 1.1.3 Understanding the critical mechanisms of community assembly are essential for sustaining ecosystem services 1.1.4 Pollen analysis as a traditional tool for representing palaeovegetation 1.1.5. Sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) is a useful tool for Quaternary ecology tracking 1.2 Study area 1.3 Aims and objectives 1.4 Structure of the thesis 1.4.1 Overview of the chapter 1.4.2 Author's contributions 1.4.3 Methods Chapter 2 2 Manuscript 1: Sedimentary ancient DNA reveals warming-induced alpine habitat loss threat to Tibetan Plateau plant diversity 2.1 Abstract 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Results and discussion 2.4 Methods 2.5 Acknowledgements · Chapter 3 3 Manuscript 2: Holocene vegetation and plant diversity changes in the north-eastern Siberian treeline region from pollen and sedimentary ancient DNA 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Materials and methods 3.3.1 Study area 3.3.2 Lake sediment cores and subsampling 3.3.3 Dating 3.3.4 Pollen analysis 3.3.5 DNA extraction and amplification 3.3.6 Sequencing filtering and taxonomic assignment 3.3.7 Statistical analyses 3.4 Results 3.4.1 Chronology 3.4.2 SedaDNA and pollen assemblages 3.4.3 Gradient analysis and correlation analysis 3.5 Discussion 3 .5.1 Contributions of pollen and sedaDNA to vegetation reconstruction and taxon richness 3.5.2 Variation in Holocene vegetation composition in the Omoloy area, north-eastern Siberia 3.5.3 SedaDNA-based plant diversity changes within lake catchments of the Omoloy region 3.6 Conclusions 3.7 Acknowledgements Chapter 4 4 Manuscript 3: Vegetation reconstruction from Siberia and Tibetan Plateau using modern analogue technique - comparing sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) and pollen data 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Materials and methods 4.3.1 Sites ofthe modern analogues 4.3.2 Sedimentary (ancient) DNA collection 4.3.3 Metabarcoding data processing and filtering 4.3.4 Pollen data collection 4.3.5 Numerical analysis 4.4 Results 4.4.1 Modern training-set, ROC curve analyses and AT results 4.4.2 Modern analogues for Lake Naleng and Omoloy lake II 4.4.3 Vegetation type reconstruction based on MAT 4.4.4 Projecting fossil samples in ordination space of modern assemblages 4.4.5 Comparing past and present intertaxa relationships 4.5 Discussion 4.5.1 Assessment of analogue quality using modem training-sets 4·5·2 Comparison of sed(a)DNA-based and pollen-based vegetation reconstruction for the Lake Naleng, Tibetan Plateau 4.5.3 Comparison of sedDNA based and pollen-based vegetation reconstruction for the Lake Omoloy, northern Siberia 4.6 Conclusions 4.7 Acknowledgements Chapter 5 5 Manuscript 4: Terrestrial-aquatic ecosystem links on the Tibetan Plateau inferred from sedaDNA shotgun sequencin 5.1 Abstract 5.2 Introduction 5.3 Results 5.4 Discussions 5.5 Methods 5.6 Acknowledgments Chapter 6 6 Synthesis 6.1 The ability of metabarcoding and metagenomic shotgun sequencing to reveal ecological community pattern 6.2 Driver of plant diversity change in high altitude and high latitudes 6.3 High-altitude and high-latitude vegetation type change 6.4 Past terrestrial and aquatic ecological change at ecosystem-scale 6.5 Conclusions and outlook Appendix 1 Appendix-1 Materials for Manuscript #1 1.1 Appendix discussion: Contamination in NTC6 2. Appendix-2 Materials for Manuscript #2 3. Appendix-3 Materials for Manuscript #3 4. Appendix-4 Materials for Manuscript #4 References Eidesstattliche Erklarung

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Past and present biodiversity in northeastern Siberia inferred from sedimentary DNA metabarcoding (2021)

Huang, Sichao [VerfasserIn] 1991- ; Herzschuh, Ulrike [Akademische Betreuung] ; Wagner, Dirk [Akademische Betreuung] ; [et al.]

Potsdam : Universität Potsdam

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Call number: AWI Bio-22-94766

Description / Table of Contents: The arctic-boreal treeline is a transition zone from taiga to tundra covering a vast area in Siberia. It often features large environmental gradients and reacts sensitively to changes in the environment. For example, the expansion of shrubs and a northward movement of the treeline are observable in Siberia as a response to the warming climate. The changes in vegetation across the treeline are known to influence the water chemistry in the lakes. This causes further alteration to the composition and diversity of sensitive aquatic organisms such as diatoms and macrophytes. Despite the rising awareness of the complex climate-feedback mechanisms of terrestrial plants, the understanding of their assembly rules and about responses of aquatic biomes in the surrounding treeline lakes is still limited. The goal of this thesis is to examine the previous and present biodiversity of terrestrial and freshwater biomes from the Siberian treeline ecotone, as well as their reactions to environmental changes. In particular, this thesis attempts to ...

Type of Medium: Dissertations

Pages: 132 Blätter , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis

Language: English

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2021 , Contents List of abbreviations Acknowledgements Summary Zusammenfassung 1 Scientific background 1.1 Motivation 1.2 The arctic-boreal ecotone in time and space 1.2.1 Terrestrial plants composition and biodiversity 1.2.2. Lake macrophytes and diatoms 1.3 Sedimentary DNA metabarcoding as an ecologicalproxy 1.4 Study area 1.5 Objectives of the thesis 1.6 Methods 1.7 Thesis organizations 1.7.1 Manuscripts and chapters 1.7.2 Non-finalized research 1.7.2 Author contributions 2 Manuscript I: Genetic and morphological diatom composition in surface sediments from glacial and thermokarst lakes in the Siberian Arctic 2.1 Abstract 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Materials and methods 2.3.1 Sampling and collection of environmental data 2.3.2 Diatom genetic assessment 2.3.3 Raw sequence processing and taxonomic assignment 2.3.4 Morphological diatom identification 2.3.5 Statistical analyses 2.4 Results 2.4.1 Genetic-based diatom composition, diversityand diatom-environment relationship 2.4.2 Morphological-based diatom composition, diversity and diatom-environment relationship 2.4.3 Comparison of spatial diatom patterns obtained from the genetic and morphological approaches 2.5 Discussion 2.5.1 Genetic and morphological diatom composition and diversity 2.5.2 Diatom composition is affected by lake type and lake water parameters 2.6 Conclusions 2.7 Acknowledgments 3 Manuscript II: Plant sedimentary ancient DNA from Far East Russia covering the last 28 ka reveals different assembly rules in cold and warm climates 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Methods 3.3.1 Study area 3.3.2 Sampling and dating 3.3.3 Genetic laboratory works 3.3.4 Processing the sequence data 3.3.5 Statistical analyses 3.4 Results 3.4.1 Overview of the sequencing data and taxonomic composition 3.4.2 Taxonomic alpha and beta diversity 3.4.3 Phylogenetic alpha and beta diversity 3.4.4 Relationship between taxonomic composition and phylogenetic diversity 3.5 Discussion 3.5.1 Vegetation history revealed by sedaDNA 3.5.2 Patterns oftaxonomic alpha diversity and their relationship to community composition 3.5.3 Relationship between richness and phylogenetic alpha and beta diversity 4 Manuscript III: Sedimentary DNA identifies modem and past macrophyte diversity and its environmental drivers in high latitude and altitude lakes in Siberia and China 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Materialsand Methods 4.3.1 Field sampling of surface and core samples 4.3.2 Environmental data 4.3.3 Molecular genetic laboratory work 4.3.4 Bioinformatic analyses 4.3.5 Statistical analyses 4.4 Results 4.4.1 Macrophyte diversity in surface sediments inferred from sedDNA 4.4.2 Relationship of modem macrophyte richness and environmental variables 4.4.3 The relationship between modem macrophyte community and environmental variables 4.4.4 Past macrophyte richness and composition inferred from sedaDNA 4.4.5 Past macrophyte compositional changes and its environmental drivers 4.5 Discussion 4.5.1 Retrieval of aquatic plant diversity using the tmL P6 loop plant DNA metabarcode 4.5.2 Modem macrophyte diversity and its relation to environmental factors 4.5.3 Temporal macrophyte diversity as an indicator for past environmental change 4.6 Conclusion 5 Synopsis 5.1 Potential and limitations of sedimentary DNA in the applied study 5.1.1 Sedimentary DNA is a powerful proxy 5.1.2 Limitations in sedimentary DNA 5.2 Spatial patterns of vegetation, macrophytes and diatoms 5.2.1 Composition and diversity of vegetation 5.2.2 Composition and diversity of macrophytes 5.2.3 Composition and diversity of diatoms 5.3 Temporal patterns of vegetation, macrophytes and diatoms 5.3.1 Composition and diversity of vegetation 5.3.2 Composition and diversity of macrophytes 5.3.3 Composition and diversity of diatoms 5.4 Outlooks and conclusions Appendices Appendix 1 for Manuscript I Appendix 2 for Manuscript II Appendix 3 for Manuscript III References

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Dissertations

Properties and radiative effect of aerosol and cirrus clouds over the European Arctic (2021)

Nakoudi, Konstantina [VerfasserIn] ; Rex, Markus [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] [GutachterIn] ; Ritter, Christoph [GutachterIn] ; [et al.]

Potsdam : Universität Potsdam

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Call number: AWI A11-22-94735

Description / Table of Contents: Over the last decades, the rate of near-surface warming in the Arctic is at least double than elsewhere on our planet (Arctic amplification). However, the relative contribution of different feedback processes to Arctic amplification is a topic of ongoing research, including the role of aerosol and clouds. Lidar systems are well-suited for the investigation of aerosol and optically-thin clouds as they provide vertically-resolved information on fine temporal scales. Global aerosol models fail to converge on the sign of the Arctic aerosol radiative effect (ARE). In the first part of this work, the optical and microphysical properties of Arctic aerosol were characterized at case study level in order to assess the short-wave (SW) ARE. A long-range transport episode was first investigated. Geometrically similar aerosol layers were captured over three locations. Although the aerosol size distribution was different between Fram Strait(bi-modal) and Ny-Ålesund (fine mono-modal), the atmospheric column ARE was similar. The latter was related to the domination of accumulation mode aerosol. Over both locations top of the atmosphere (TOA) warming was accompanied by surface cooling. Subsequently, the sensitivity of ARE was investigated with respect to different aerosol and spring-time ambient conditions. A 10% change in the single-scattering albedo (SSA) induced higher ARE perturbations compared to a 30% change in the aerosol extinction coefficient. With respect to ambient conditions, the ARETOA was more sensitive to solar elevation changes compared to AREsur f ace. Over dark surfaces the ARE profile was exclusively negative, while over bright surfaces a negative to positive shift occurred above the aerosol layers. Consequently, the sign of ARE can be highly sensitive in spring since this season is characterized by transitional surface albedo conditions. As the inversion of the aerosol microphysics is an ill-posed problem, the inferred aerosol size distribution of a low-tropospheric event was compared to the in-situ measured distribution. Both techniques revealed a bi-modal distribution, with good agreement in the total volume concentration. However, in terms of SSA a disagreement was found, with the lidar inversion indicating highly scattering particles and the in-situ measurements pointing to absorbing particles. The discrepancies could stem from assumptions in the inversion (e.g. wavelength-independent refractive index) and errors in the conversion of the in-situ measured light attenuation into absorption. Another source of discrepancy might be related to an incomplete capture of fine particles in the in-situ sensors. The disagreement in the most critical parameter for the Arctic ARE necessitates further exploration in the frame of aerosol closure experiments. Care must be taken in ARE modelling studies, which may use either the in-situ or lidar-derived SSA as input. Reliable characterization of cirrus geometrical and optical properties is necessary for improving their radiative estimates. In this respect, the detection of sub-visible cirrus is of special importance. The total cloud radiative effect (CRE) can be negatively biased, should only the optically-thin and opaque cirrus contributions are considered. To this end, a cirrus retrieval scheme was developed aiming at increased sensitivity to thin clouds. The cirrus detection was based on the wavelet covariance transform (WCT) method, extended by dynamic thresholds. The dynamic WCT exhibited high sensitivity to faint and thin cirrus layers (less than 200 m) that were partly or completely undetected by the existing static method. The optical characterization scheme extended the Klett–Fernald retrieval by an iterative lidar ratio (LR) determination (constrained Klett). The iterative process was constrained by a reference value, which indicated the aerosol concentration beneath the cirrus cloud. Contrary to existing approaches, the aerosol-free assumption was not adopted, but the aerosol conditions were approximated by an initial guess. The inherent uncertainties of the constrained Klett were higher for optically-thinner cirrus, but an overall good agreement was found with two established retrievals. Additionally, existing approaches, which rely on aerosol-free assumptions, presented increased accuracy when the proposed reference value was adopted. The constrained Klett retrieved reliably the optical properties in all cirrus regimes, including upper sub-visible cirrus with COD down to 0.02. Cirrus is the only cloud type capable of inducing TOA cooling or heating at daytime. Over the Arctic, however, the properties and CRE of cirrus are under-explored. In the final part of this work, long-term cirrus geometrical and optical properties were investigated for the first time over an Arctic site (Ny-Ålesund). To this end, the newly developed retrieval scheme was employed. Cirrus layers over Ny-Ålesund seemed to be more absorbing in the visible spectral region compared to lower latitudes and comprise relatively more spherical ice particles. Such meridional differences could be related to discrepancies in absolute humidity and ice nucleation mechanisms. The COD tended to decline for less spherical and smaller ice particles probably due to reduced water vapor deposition on the particle surface. The cirrus optical properties presented weak dependence on ambient temperature and wind conditions. Over the 10 years of the analysis, no clear temporal trend was found and the seasonal cycle was not pronounced. However, winter cirrus appeared under colder conditions and stronger winds. Moreover, they were optically-thicker, less absorbing and consisted of relatively more spherical ice particles. A positive CREnet was primarily revealed for a broad range of representative cloud properties and ambient conditions. Only for high COD (above 10) and over tundra a negative CREnet was estimated, which did not hold true over snow/ice surfaces. Consequently, the COD in combination with the surface albedo seem to play the most critical role in determining the CRE sign over the high European Arctic.

Type of Medium: Dissertations

Pages: x, 136 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

URL: https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-53036

URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-530366

URL: https://d-nb.info/1248561724/34

URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-530366

DOI: 10.25932/publishup-53036

Language: English

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2021 , CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Motivation: Aerosol and cloud relevance to Arctic amplification 1.2 Theoretical background 1.2.1 Atmospheric aerosol 1.2.2 Aerosol in the Arctic 1.2.3 Cirrus clouds 1.3 Research questions 2 METHODS 2.1 lidar remote sensing techniqu 2.1.1 Elastic and Raman lidar equations 2.1.2 lidar signal corrections 2.1.3 Derivation of particle optical properties and related uncertainties 2.2 Lidar systems 2.2.1 Ground-based system KARL 2.2.2 Air-borne system AMALi 2.2.3 Space-borne system CALIOP 2.3 Ancillary instrumentation 2.3.1 Radiosondes 2.3.2 Sun-photometers 2.3.3 Radiation sensors 2.4 Modeling tools 2.4.1 Air mass backward trajectories 2.4.2 Aerosol microphysics retrieval algorithm 2.4.3 Radiative transfer model SCIATRAN 2.4.4 Multiple-scattering correction model 2.4.5 Simplified cloud radiative effect model 3 ARCTIC AEROSOL PROPERTIES AND RADIATIVE EFFECT (CASE STUDIES) 3.1 Aerosol in the upper troposphere (Spring) 3.1.1 Overview of aerosol observations and air mass origin 3.1.2 Modification of aerosol optical and microphysical properties 3.1.3 Aerosol radiative effect (ARE) 3.2 Sensitivities of the spring-time Arctic ARE 3.2.1 Sensitivity on aerosol related parameters 3.2.2 Sensitivity on ambient conditions 3.3 Aerosol in the lower troposphere (Winter) 3.3.1 Overview of remote sensing and in-situ measurements 3.3.2 Aerosol properties from the remote sensing perspective: KARL and CALIOP 3.3.3 Aerosol microphysical properties from in-situ and remote sensing perspectives 3.4 Discussion and Conclusions 4 DEVELOPMENT OF A CIRRUS CLOUD RETRIEVAL SCHEME 4.1 Fine-scale cirrus cloud detection 4.1.1 Selection of cirrus clouds 4.1.2 Wavelet Covariance Transform method 4.1.3 Revised detection method: Dynamic Wavelet Covariance Transform 4.2 Comparison of dynamic and static cirrus detection 4.3 Cirrus cloud optical retrievals 4.3.1 Existing cirrus optical retrievals: double-ended Klett and Raman 4.3.2 Temporal averaging within stationary periods 4.3.3 Revised optical retrieval: constrained Klett method 4.4 Comparison to established optical retrievals 4.5 How uncertainties in cirrus detection affect the optical retrievals? 4.6 Discussion 4.6.1 Limitations of cirrus retrieval schemes 4.6.2 Strengths of the revised retrieval scheme 4.7 Conclusions 5 LONG-TERM ANALYSIS OF ARCTIC CIRRUS CLOUD PROPERTIES 5.1 Overview of cirrus occurrence and meteorological conditions over Ny-Ålesund 5.2 Quality assurance of optical properties 5.2.1 Specular reflection effect 5.2.2 Investigation of extreme cirrus lidar ratio values 5.2.3 Multiple-scattering correction 5.3 Overview of cirrus optical properties over Ny-Ålesund 5.4 Inter-relations of cirrus properties 5.5 Dependence on meteorological conditions 5.5.1 Cirrus clouds in the tropopause 5.6 CRE estimation at TOA: sensitivity analysis 5.7 Conclusions 6 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK A CIRRUS DETECTION SENSITIVITIES a.1 Wavelet Covariance Transform - dilation sensitivity a.2 Wavelet Covariance Transform - wavelength dependency B CIRRUS OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION SENSITIVITIES b.1 Reference value accuracy and limitations b.2 Inherent uncertainties of constrained Klett C MULTIPLE-SCATTERING CORRECTION FOR CIRRUS CLOUDS D SEASONAL CIRRUS PROPERTIES: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS BIBLIOGRAPHY

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5

Dissertations

Investigation of vegetation and terrestrial climate variablity during the holocene : bridging the gap from annual to millennial timescales (2021)

Hébert, Raphaёl [VerfasserIn] ; Laepple, Thomas [Akademische BetreuerIn] [GutachterIn] ; Herzschuh, Ulrike [Akademische BetreuerIn] ; [et al.]

Potsdam : Universität Potsdam

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Call number: AWI G5-22-94780

Type of Medium: Dissertations

Pages: xxi, 201 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme

Language: English

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2021 , Contents List of Figures List of Tables I Preamble 1 Introduction 1.1.1 The Journey from Weather to Climate 1.1.2 The Climate Background 1.1.3 Pollen as Quantitative Indicators of Past Changes 1.2 Overview and Aims of Manuscripts 1.2.1 List of Manuscripts 1.2.2 Short Summaries of the Manuscripts 1.3 Author Contributions to the Manuscripts II Manuscripts 2 Comparing estimation of techniques for temporal Scaling 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Data and Methods 2.2.1 Scaling estimation methods 2.2.2 Evaluation of the estimators 2.2.3 Data 2.3 Results 2.3.1 Effect of Regular and Irregular Sampling 2.3.2 Effect of Time series length 2.3.3 Application to database 2.4 Discussion 2.5 Conclusions 3 Land temperature variability driven by oceans at millennial timescales 4 Variability of surface climate in simulations of past and future 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Data and Method 4.2.1 Model simulations 4.2.2 The Last Glacial Maximum experiment 4.2.3 The mid Holocene experiment (midHolocene) 4.2.4 The warming experiments 1pctCO2 and abrupt4xCO2 4.2.5 Preprocessing of model simulations 4.2.6 Comparisons across the ensemble 4.2.7 Diagnosing variability changes 4.2.8 Changes in precipitation extremes 4.2.9 Timescale-dependence of the variability changes 4.3 Results 4.3.1 Hydrological sensitivity across the ensemble 4.3.2 Changes in local interannual variability 4.3.3 Changes in modes of variability 4.3.4 Circulation patterns underlying extratropical precipitation extremes 4.3.5 Changes in. the spectrum of variability 4.4 Discussion 4.4.1 Changes in climate variability with global mean temperature 4.4.2 Temperature vs. precipitation scaling 4.4.3 Comparison to climate reconstructions and observations 4.4.4 Limitations 4.5 Conclusions 5 Holocene vegetation variability in the Northern Hemisphere 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Data and Methods 5.2.1 Pollen Database 5.2.2 Principal Component Analysis 5.2.3 Timescale-dependent Estimates of Variability 5.2.4 Biome Classification 5.3 Results 5.3.1 General Vegetation Variability Analysis 5.3.2 Comparison of Forested and Open Land Vegetations 5.3.3 Comparison of Broadleaf and Needleleaf Fore ts 5.3.4 Comparison of Temperate and Boreal Coniferous Forests 5.3.5 Comparison of Evergreen and Deciduous Boreal Forests 5.4 Discussion 5.5 Conclusion III Postamble 6 General discussion and conclusion 6.1 Overview 6.2 Timescale-Dependent Estimates of Variability 6.3 Climate and Vegetation Variabilities in the Holocene 6.4 Implications for the 21th Century 6.5 Outlook IV Appendix A Supplementary figures from "Comparing estimation techniques for temporal scaling in paleo-climate timeseries" A.1 Block Average Results A.2 First-Order Correction for the Effect of Interpolation A.3 Change in Bias and Standard Deviation B Methods and supplementary information from "Land temperature variability driven by oceans at millennial timescales" B.1 Methods B.1.1 Reconstructions B.1.2 Significance Testing B.1.3 Testing for Anthropogenic Impacts B.1.4 Instrumental Data B.1.5 Model Data B.1.6 Spectral Estimates B.1.7 Variance Ratios B.1.8 Sub-Decadal Variability Binning B.1.9 Correlation B.1.10 Moran's I B.2 Supplementary Information B.2.1 Tree Ring Data Analysis B.2.2 Energy-Balance Equations B.3 Extended Data Figures C Supplementary figures from "Variability of surface climate in simulations of past and future" D Supplementary figures from "Characterization of holocene vegetation variability in the Northern Hemisphere" Bibliography

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Dynamics of Larix (Mill.) species in Siberia during the last 50,000 years inferred from sedimentary ancient DNA (2022)

Schulte, Luise [VerfasserIn] ; Herzschuh, Ulrike [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] ; Heintzman, Peter [GutachterIn] ; [et al.]

Potsdam : Universität Potsdam

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Call number: AWI Bio-22-95014

Description / Table of Contents: The deciduous needle tree larch (Larix Mill.) covers more than 80% of the Asian boreal forests. Only a few Larix species constitute the vast forests and these species differ markedly in their ecological traits, most importantly in their ability to grow on and stabilize underlying permafrost. The pronounced dominance of the summergreen larches makes the Asian boreal forests unique, as the rest of the northern hemisphere boreal forests is almost exclusively dominated by evergreen needle-leaf forests. Global warming is impacting the whole world but is especially pronounced in the arctic and boreal regions. Although adapted to extreme climatic conditions, larch forests are sensitive to varying climatic conditions. By their sheer size, changes in Asian larch forests as range shifts or changes in species composition and the resulting vegetation-climate feedbacks are of global relevance. It is however still uncertain if larch forests will persist under the ongoing warming climate or if they will be replaced by evergreen forests. It is therefore of great importance to understand how these ecosystems will react to future climate warmings and if they will maintain their dominance. One step in the better understanding of larch dynamics is to study how the vast dominant forests developed and why they only established in northern Asia. A second step is to study how the species reacted to past changes in the climate. The first objective of this thesis was to review and identify factors promoting Asian larch dominance. I achieved this by synthesizing and comparing reported larch occurrences and influencing components on the northern hemisphere continents in the present and in the past. The second objective was to find a possibility to directly study past Larix populations in Siberia and specifically their genetic variation, enabling the study of geographic movements. For this, I established chloroplast enrichment by hybridization capture from sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) isolated from lake sediment records. The third objective was to use the established method to track past larch populations, their glacial refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) around 21,000 years before present (ka BP), and their post-glacial migration patterns. To study larch promoting factors, I compared the present state of larch species ranges, areas of dominance, their bioclimatic niches, and the distribution on different extents and thaw depths of permafrost. The species comparison showed that the bioclimatic niches greatly overlap between the American and Asian species and that it is only in the extremely continental climates in which only the Asian larch species can persist. I revealed that the area of dominance is strongly connected to permafrost extent but less linked to permafrost seasonal thaw depths. Comparisons of the paleorecord of larch between the continents suggest differences in the recolonization history. Outside of northern Asia and Alaska, glacial refugial populations of larch were confined to the southern regions and thus recolonization could only occur as migration from south to north. Alaskan larch populations could not establish wide-range dominant forest which could be related to their own genetically depletion as separated refugial population. In Asia, it is still unclear whether or not the northern refugial populations contributed and enhanced the postglacial colonization or whether they were replaced by populations invading from the south in the course of climate warming. Asian larch dominance is thus promoted partly by adaptions to extremely continental climates and by adaptations to grow on continuous permafrost but could be also connected to differences in glacial survival and recolonization history of Larix species. Except for extremely rare macrofossil findings of fossilized cones, traditional methods to study past vegetation are not able to distinguish between larch species or populations. Within the scope of this thesis, I therefore established a method to retrieve genetic information of past larch populations to distinguish between species. Using the Larix chloroplast genome as target, I successfully applied the method of DNA target enrichment by hybridization capture on sedaDNA samples from lake records and showed that it is able to distinguish between larch species. I then used the method on samples from lake records from across Siberia dating back up to 50 ka BP. The results allowed me to address the question of glacial survival and post-glacial recolonization mode in Siberian larch species. The analyzed pattern showed that LGM refugia were almost exclusively constituted by L. gmelinii, even in sites of current L. sibirica distribution. For included study sites, L. sibirica migrated into its extant northern distribution area only in the Holocene. Consequently, the post-glacial recolonization of L. sibirica was not enhanced by northern glacial refugia. In case of sites in extant distribution area of L. gmelinii, the absence of a genetic turn-over point to a continuous population rather than an invasion of southern refugia. The results suggest that climate has a strong influence on the distribution of Larix species and that species may also respond differently to future climate warming. Because species differ in their ecological characteristics, species distribution is also relevant with respect to further feedbacks between vegetation and climate. With this thesis, I give an overview of present and past larch occurrences and evaluate which factors promote their dominance. Furthermore, I provide the tools to study past Larix species and give first important insights into the glacial history of Larix populations.

Type of Medium: Dissertations

Pages: x, 121 Seiten , Illustrationen

URL: https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-55878

URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-558782

DOI: 10.25932/publishup-55878

Language: English

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2022 , Table of Contents Summary Deutsche Zusammenfassung Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Larix forests in a changing climate 1.2 The genus Larix 1.3 Larix distribution in the world and their dominance in northern Asia 1.4 Methods to study past species dynamics 1.4.1 Modern genetic marker studies 1.4.2 Lake sediments as archives of the past 1.4.3 Pollen and macrofossils 1.4.4 Metabarcoding of sedimentary ancient DNA 1.4.5 Metagenomic shotgun sequencing 1.4.6 Target enrichment by hybridization capture 1.5 Thesis Objectives 1.6 Thesis outline & author contributions 2 Manuscript I 2.1 Abstract 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Material and methods 2.3.1 Bioclimatic limits 2.3.2 Pollen, macrofossil, and DNA datasets 2.3.3 Ice sheets 2.4 Results 2.4.1 Bioclimatic limits of Larix and its distribution on permafrost 2.4.2 Glacial occurrence patterns of Larix 2.5 Discussion 2.5.1 Are differences in species bioclimatic limits responsible for disparity in Larix distribution across continents? 2.5.2 Do high latitude glacial refugia guarantee larch dominance? 2.5.3 What role does postglacial migration play in larch dominance? 2.5.4 Fire as an additional factor 2.5.5 Outlook 2.6 Conclusion 2.7 Acknowledgements 2.8 Author contributions 2.9 References 3 Manuscript II 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Methods 3.3.1 Sample material 3.3.2 Laboratory work 3.3.3 Data analysis 3.4 Results 3.4.1 Overview of the shotgun and hybridization capture data sets 3.4.2 Ancient DNA authenticity 3.4.3 Retrieval of the Larix chloroplast genome 3.5 Discussion 3.5.1 Taxonomic classification—conservative approach results in low numbers of assignment 3.5.2 Target enrichment success—Larix reads increased by orders of magnitude along with other taxonomic groups 3.5.3 Complete retrieval of ancient Larix chloroplast genomes 3.5.4 Larix sibirica variants present over time 3.5.5 Larch forest decline over the last 7000 years 3.6 Conclusion 3.7 Acknowledgments 3.8 Author contributions 3.9 References 4 Manuscript III 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Results & Discussion 4.3.1 Chloroplast and repetitive DNA enrichment in the sedaDNA samples 4.3.2 A wider pre-glacial distribution of L. sibirica 4.3.3 Larix gmelinii formed northern LGM refugia across Siberia 4.3.4 Postglacial colonization history - differences among larch species 4.3.5 Environment likely plays a more important role than biogeography 4.4 Conclusion 4.5 Material & methods 4.5.1 Sample material 4.5.2 Sequence data analysis 4.6 Data availability 4.7 Acknowledgments 4.8 Author contributions 4.9 References 5 Discussion and synthesis 5.1 Hybridization capture is a well-suited method to study ancient species dynamics 5.1.1 Advantages and limitations of shotgun sequencing 5.1.2 Successful hybridization capture enrichment using chloroplast DNA 5.1.3 Challenges in single-copy target enrichment 5.1.4 Limitations and potentials to improve sedaDNA capture studies 5.2 Factors promoting Asian larch dominance 5.3 Drivers of Larix species distribution 5.3.1 Implications for larch forests under climate warming 5.4 Conclusion 5.5 Outlook 6 References 7 Appendix 7.1 Appendix to manuscript I 7.2 Appendix to manuscript II 7.3 Appendix to manuscript III 7.3.1 Material and Methods 7.3.2 Additional Results & Discussions 7.3.3 References Acknowledgements Eidesstattliche Erklärung

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Organic matter stored in ice-rich permafrost : future permafrost thaw and greenhouse gas release (2022)

Jongejans, Loeka Laura [VerfasserIn] ; Große, Guido [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] [GutachterIn] ; Liebner, Susanne [GutachterIn] ; [et al.]

Potsdam : Universität Potsdam

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Call number: AWI G3-23-95073

Description / Table of Contents: The Arctic is changing rapidly and permafrost is thawing. Especially ice-rich permafrost, such as the late Pleistocene Yedoma, is vulnerable to rapid and deep thaw processes such as surface subsidence after the melting of ground ice. Due to permafrost thaw, the permafrost carbon pool is becoming increasingly accessible to microbes, leading to increased greenhouse gas emissions, which enhances the climate warming. The assessment of the molecular structure and biodegradability of permafrost organic matter (OM) is highly needed. My research revolves around the question “how does permafrost thaw affect its OM storage?” More specifically, I assessed (1) how molecular biomarkers can be applied to characterize permafrost OM, (2) greenhouse gas production rates from thawing permafrost, and (3) the quality of OM of frozen and (previously) thawed sediments. I studied deep (max. 55 m) Yedoma and thawed Yedoma permafrost sediments from Yakutia (Sakha Republic). I analyzed sediment cores taken below thermokarst lakes on the Bykovsky Peninsula (southeast of the Lena Delta) and in the Yukechi Alas (Central Yakutia), and headwall samples from the permafrost cliff Sobo-Sise (Lena Delta) and the retrogressive thaw slump Batagay (Yana Uplands). I measured biomarker concentrations of all sediment samples. Furthermore, I carried out incubation experiments to quantify greenhouse gas production in thawing permafrost. I showed that the biomarker proxies are useful to assess the source of the OM and to distinguish between OM derived from terrestrial higher plants, aquatic plants and microbial activity. In addition, I showed that some proxies help to assess the degree of degradation of permafrost OM, especially when combined with sedimentological data in a multi-proxy approach. The OM of Yedoma is generally better preserved than that of thawed Yedoma sediments. The greenhouse gas production was highest in the permafrost sediments that thawed for the first time, meaning that the frozen Yedoma sediments contained most labile OM. Furthermore, I showed that the methanogenic communities had established in the recently thawed sediments, but not yet in the still-frozen sediments. My research provided the first molecular biomarker distributions and organic carbon turnover data as well as insights in the state and processes in deep frozen and thawed Yedoma sediments. These findings show the relevance of studying OM in deep permafrost sediments.

Type of Medium: Dissertations

Pages: xxiii, 178 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

URL: https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-56491

URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-564911

DOI: 10.25932/publishup-56491

Language: English

Note: Table of Contents Abstract Zusammenfassung Samenvatting Acknowledgements List of Figures List of Tables List of Abbreviations 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Aims and research questions 1.3 Scientific background 1.3.1 The Arctic in a changing climate 1.3.2 Northern Hemisphere permafrost region 1.3.3 Permafrost degradation 1.3.3.1 Thermokarst development 1.3.3.2 Retrogressive thaw slumps 1.3.4 Organic matter in permafrost deposits 1.4 Material and methods 1.4.1 Study sites 1.4.2 Main laboratory methods 1.5 Thesis structure 1.6 Overview of publications 1.6.1 Publication “n-Alkane Characteristics of Thawed Permafrost Deposits Below a Thermokarst Lake on Bykovsky Peninsula, Northeastern Siberia” 1.6.2 Publication “Greenhouse gas production and lipid biomarker distribution in Yedoma and Alas thermokarst lake sediments in Eastern Siberia” 1.6.3 Publication “Organic matter characteristics of a rapidly eroding permafrost cliff in NE Siberia (Lena Delta, Laptev Sea region)” 1.6.4 Publication “Molecular biomarkers in Batagay megaslump permafrost deposits reveal clear differences in organic matter preservation between glacial and interglacial periods” 1.6.5 Contributions to complementary research 2 Bykovsky Peninsula 2.1 Abstract 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Study area 2.4 Material and methods 2.4.1 Field work 2.4.2 Laboratory analyses 2.4.2.1 Biomarker analysis 2.4.2.2 Biomarker indices 2.5 Results 2.5.1 Bulk sediment 2.5.1.1 Long core PG2412 2.5.1.2 Short core PG2420 2.5.2 Hydrochemistry 2.5.3 n-Alkane distributions 2.6 Discussion 2.6.1 Depositional history at the study site 2.6.1.1 Unit I - Early Weichselian fluvial sedimentation 2.6.1.2 Unit II – Yedoma deposition in wetland landscapes dominated by low-centered polygons 2.6.1.3 Unit III/Unit A – Yedoma deposition under cold-dry conditions during the Late Weichselian 2.6.1.4 Unit IV/Unit B – Holocene thermokarst lake formation and lacustrine sedimentation 2.6.2 Organic matter degradation 2.7 Conclusion 2.8 Acknowledgements 3 Yukechi Alas 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Methods and materials 3.3.1 Study area 3.3.2 Field work 3.3.3 Laboratory analyses 3.3.3.1 Organic carbon content 3.3.3.2 Lipid biomarkers 3.3.4 Incubations 3.3.5 Statistical analysis 3.4 Results 3.4.1 Organic matter characteristics 3.4.1.1 Alas lake sediment core YU-L7 3.4.1.2 Yedoma lake sediment core YU-L15 3.4.2 Greenhouse gas production 3.4.2.1 Alas lake sediment core YU-L7 3.4.2.2 Yedoma lake sediment core YU-L15 3.4.2.3 Carbon mineralization 3.4.3 Statistical correlation and regression 3.5 Discussion 3.5.1 Organic matter degradation potential 3.5.1.1 Organic carbon quantity 3.5.1.2 Organic matter preservation and talik formation 3.5.1.3 Presence of methanogenic communities 3.5.2 Greenhouse gas production 3.5.2.1 Carbon dioxide production 3.5.2.2 Methane production 3.5.3 GHG links with other parameters and outlook 3.6 Conclusion 3.7 Acknowledgements 4 Sobo-Sise cliff 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Study area 4.4 Methods 4.4.1 Fieldwork 4.4.2 Sedimentological organic matter parameters 4.4.3 Lipid biomarkers 4.4.3.1 Extraction and fraction separation 4.4.3.2 GC-MS measurements and compound quantification 4.4.4 Biomarker indices 4.4.4.1 Average Chain Length 4.4.4.2 Carbon Preference Index 4.4.4.3 Higher Plant Fatty Acids 4.4.5 Data analysis 4.5 Results 4.5.1 Sedimentological organic matter parameters 4.5.2 Biomarkers 4.5.2.1 n-Alkanes 4.5.2.2 Fatty acids 4.5.3 Clustering 4.6 Discussion 4.6.1 Terrestrial depositional environment 4.6.1.1 Organic matter source 4.6.1.2 Organic matter quality 4.6.2 Implications and outlook 4.7 Conclusion 4.8 Acknowledgements 5 Batagay thaw slump 5.1 Abstract 5.2 Introduction 5.3 Study site 5.4 Methods 5.4.1 Sample collection 5.4.2 Laboratory analyses 5.5 Results 5.5.1 Detected biomolecules 5.5.2 Lower Ice Complex 5.5.3 Lower Sand Unit 5.5.4 Woody Layer 5.5.5 Upper Ice Complex - Yedoma 5.5.6 Holocene Cover 5.6 Discussion 5.6.1 Biogeochemical legacy of glacial periods 5.6.2 Biogeochemical legacy of interglacial periods 5.6.3 Modern organic matter mobilization in the Batagay megaslump 5.7 Conclusion 5.8 Acknowledgements 6 Synthesis 6.1 Lipid biomarkers to characterize permafrost organic matter 6.1.1 Organic matter source 6.1.2 Organic matter quality 6.2 Mobilization of organic matter in thawing permafrost 6.2.1 Methane production vs. emission 6.2.2 Using the data in models 6.2.3 Transport of OM into aquatic systems 6.3 Recommendations for future research References Appendix A Supporting information for Chapter 2 Appendix B Supporting information for Chapter 3 Appendix C Supporting information for Chapter 4 Appendix D Supporting information for Chapter 5

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Proxy signal formation in palaeoclimate archives : a characterisation of climate signal deposition and modification in marine sediments and polar ice (2022)

Zuhr, Alexandra M. [VerfasserIn] ; Laepple, Thomas [Akademische Betreuung] [GutachterIn] ; Ling Ho, Sze [Akademische Betreuung] [GutachterIn] ; [et al.]

Potsdam : Universität Potsdam

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Call number: AWI G5-23-95172

Description / Table of Contents: Throughout the last ~3 million years, the Earth's climate system was characterised by cycles of glacial and interglacial periods. The current warm period, the Holocene, is comparably stable and stands out from this long-term cyclicality. However, since the industrial revolution, the climate has been increasingly affected by a human-induced increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. While instrumental observations are used to describe changes over the past ~200 years, indirect observations via proxy data are the main source of information beyond this instrumental era. These data are indicators of past climatic conditions, stored in palaeoclimate archives around the Earth. The proxy signal is affected by processes independent of the prevailing climatic conditions. In particular, for sedimentary archives such as marine sediments and polar ice sheets, material may be redistributed during or after the initial deposition and subsequent formation of the archive. This leads to noise in the records challenging reliable reconstructions on local or short time scales. This dissertation characterises the initial deposition of the climatic signal and quantifies the resulting archive-internal heterogeneity and its influence on the observed proxy signal to improve the representativity and interpretation of climate reconstructions from marine sediments and ice cores. To this end, the horizontal and vertical variation in radiocarbon content of a box-core from the South China Sea is investigated. The three-dimensional resolution is used to quantify the true uncertainty in radiocarbon age estimates from planktonic foraminifera with an extensive sampling scheme, including different sample volumes and replicated measurements of batches of small and large numbers of specimen. An assessment on the variability stemming from sediment mixing by benthic organisms reveals strong internal heterogeneity. Hence, sediment mixing leads to substantial time uncertainty of proxy-based reconstructions with error terms two to five times larger than previously assumed. A second three-dimensional analysis of the upper snowpack provides insights into the heterogeneous signal deposition and imprint in snow and firn. A new study design which combines a structure-from-motion photogrammetry approach with two-dimensional isotopic data is performed at a study site in the accumulation zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The photogrammetry method reveals an intermittent character of snowfall, a layer-wise snow deposition with substantial contributions by wind-driven erosion and redistribution to the final spatially variable accumulation and illustrated the evolution of stratigraphic noise at the surface. The isotopic data show the preservation of stratigraphic noise within the upper firn column, leading to a spatially variable climate signal imprint and heterogeneous layer thicknesses. Additional post-depositional modifications due to snow-air exchange are also investigated, but without a conclusive quantification of the contribution to the final isotopic signature. Finally, this characterisation and quantification of the complex signal formation in marine sediments and polar ice contributes to a better understanding of the signal content in proxy data which is needed to assess the natural climate variability during the Holocene.

Type of Medium: Dissertations

Pages: xx, 167 Seiten : Illustrationen, Diagramme

URL: https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-58286

Language: English

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2023 (publikationsbasierte Dissertation) , CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction to climate reconstructions 1.1.1 Radiocarbon as a tracer of time 1.1.2 Environmental information stored in snow 1.2 Challenges of climate reconstructions 1.2.1 The particle flux 1.2.2 Modifications after the initial deposition 1.2.3 Sampling and measurement uncertainty 1.3 Objectives and overview of the thesis 1.4 Author contributions to the Manuscripts 2 Age-heterogeneity in marine sediments revealed by three-dimensional high-resolution radio-carbon measurements 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Methods 2.2.1 Study approach 2.2.2 Core setup and sampling 2.2.3 Estimation of the sediment accumulation rate 2.2.4 Estimation of the sediment mixing strength 2.2.5 Estimation of the net sediment displacement 2.2.6 Visual assessment of mixing 2.3 Results 2.3.1 Radiocarbon measurements 2.3.2 Sediment accumulation rate 2.3.3 Sediment mixing estimates 2.3.4 Spatial structure of sediment mixing 2.3.5 Components of age uncertainty 2.4 Discussion 2.4.1 Spatial scale of sediment heterogeneity 2.4.2 Potential implications for palaeo-reconstructions 2.4.3 Suggested 14C measurement strategy 2.5 Conclusions 2.6 Supplementary Material 2.6.1 Supplementary figures and tables 2.6.2 Supplementary table 3 Local-scale deposition of surface snow on the Greenland ice sheet 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Data and methods 3.2.1 Study site 3.2.2 SfM photogrammetry 3.2.3 Additional snow height and snowfall data 3.2.4 Estimation of surface roughness 3.3 Results 3.3.1 Relative snow heights from DEMs 3.3.2 Temporal snow height evolution 3.3.3 Day-to-day variations of snowfall 3.3.4 Changes in surface roughness 3.3.5 Implied internal structure of the snowpack 3.4 Discussion 3.4.1 Changes of surface structures 3.4.2 Implications for proxy data 3.4.3 Implications for snow accumulation 3.4.4 SfM as an efficient monitoring tool 3.5 Conclusions 3.6 Appendix 3.6.1 Additional information 3.6.2 Accuracy estimates and validation 3.6.3 Validation 3.6.4 Overall snow height evolution 3.6.5 Surface roughness 4 A snapshot on the buildup of the stable water isotopic signal in the upper snowpack at east-grip, Geenland ice sheet 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Methods and data 4.2.1 Study site 4.2.2 DEM generation 4.2.3 Isotope measurements 4.2.4 Simulation of the snowpack layering 4.2.5 Expected uncertainty 4.3 Results 4.3.1 Snow height evolution 4.3.2 Mean isotopic records 4.3.3 Combining isotopic data with snow height information 4.3.4 Observed vs. simulated composition 4.3.5 Changes in the isotope signal over time 4.4 Discussion 4.4.1 Evolution of the snow surface 4.4.2 Two-dimensional view of isotopes in snow 4.4.3 Buildup of the snowpack isotopic signal 4.5 Conclusion 5 General discussion and conclusions 5.1 Heterogeneity in sedimentary archives 5.1.1 Quantifying archive-internal heterogeneity 5.1.2 Relation between signal and heterogeneity 5.2 Methods to improve climate reconstructions 5.3 Implications for climate reconstructions 5.4 Concluding remarks Bibliography A the role of sublimation as a driver of climate signals in the water isotope content of surface snow: laboratory and field experimental results A.1 Introduction A.2 Methods A.2.1 Laboratory experimental methods A.2.2 Field experimental methods A.3 Results A.3.1 Laboratory experiments A.3.2 Field experiments A.4 Discussion A.5 Conclusions B Atmosphere-snow exchange explains surface snow isotope variability Acknowledgments Eidesstattliche Erklärung

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Biodiversity changes in Siberia between quaternary glacial and interglacial stages : exploring the potential of sedaDNA (2023)

Courtin, Jérémy [VerfasserIn] ; Herzschuh, Ulrike [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] [GutachterIn] ; Heintzman, Peter D. [GutachterIn] ; [et al.]

Potsdam : Universität Potsdam

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Call number: AWI Bio-23-95302

Description / Table of Contents: Climate change of anthropogenic origin is affecting Earth’s biodiversity and therefore ecosystems and their services. High latitude ecosystems are even more impacted than the rest of Northern Hemisphere because of the amplified polar warming. Still, it is challenging to predict the dynamics of high latitude ecosystems because of complex interaction between abiotic and biotic components. As the past is the key to the future, the interpretation of past ecological changes to better understand ongoing processes is possible. In the Quaternary, the Pleistocene experienced several glacial and interglacial stages that affected past ecosystems. During the last Glacial, the Pleistocene steppe-tundra was covering most of unglaciated northern hemisphere and disappeared in parallel to the megafauna’s extinction at the transition to the Holocene (~11,700 years ago). The origin of the steppe-tundra decline is not well understood and knowledge on the mechanisms, which caused shifts in past communities and ecosystems, is of high priority as they are likely comparable to those affecting modern ecosystems. Lake or permafrost core sediments can be retrieved to investigate past biodiversity at transitions between glacial and interglacial stages. Siberia and Beringia were the origin of dispersal of the steppe-tundra, which make investigation this area of high priority. Until recently, macrofossils and pollen were the most common approaches. They are designed to reconstruct past composition changes but have limit and biases. Since the end of the 20th century, sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) can also be investigated. My main objectives were, by using sedaDNA approaches to provide scientific evidence of compositional and diversity changes in the Northern Hemisphere ecosystems at the transition between Quaternary glacial and interglacial stages. In this thesis, I provide snapshots of entire ancient ecosystems and describe compositional changes between Quaternary glacial and interglacial stages, and confirm the vegetation composition and the spatial and temporal boundaries of the Pleistocene steppe-tundra. I identify a general loss of plant diversity with extinction events happening in parallel of megafauna’ extinction. I demonstrate how loss of biotic resilience led to the collapse of a previously well-established system and discuss my results in regards to the ongoing climate change. With further work to constrain biases and limits, sedaDNA can be used in parallel or even replace the more established macrofossils and pollen approaches as my results support the robustness and potential of sedaDNA to answer new palaeoecological questions such as plant diversity changes, loss and provide snapshots of entire ancient biota.

Description / Table of Contents: Der vom Menschen verursachte Klimawandel wirkt sich auf die biologische Vielfalt der Erde und damit auf die Ökosysteme und ihre Leistungen aus. Die Ökosysteme in den hohen Breitengraden sind aufgrund der verstärkten Erwärmung an den Polen noch stärker betroffen als der Rest der nördlichen Hemisphäre. Dennoch ist es schwierig, die Dynamik von Ökosystemen in den hohen Breitengraden vorherzusagen, da die Wechselwirkungen zwischen abiotischen und biotischen Komponenten sehr komplex sind. Da die Vergangenheit der Schlüssel zur Zukunft ist, ist die Interpretation vergangener ökologischer Veränderungen möglich, um laufende Prozesse besser zu verstehen. Im Quartär durchlief das Pleistozän mehrere glaziale und interglaziale Phasen, welche die Ökosysteme der Vergangenheit beeinflussten. Während des letzten Glazials bedeckte die pleistozäne Steppentundra den größten Teil der unvergletscherten nördlichen Hemisphäre und verschwand parallel zum Aussterben der Megafauna am Übergang zum Holozän (vor etwa 11 700 Jahren). Der Ursprung des Rückgangs der Steppentundra ist nicht gut erforscht, und die Kenntnis über die Mechanismen, die zu den Veränderungen in den vergangenen Lebensgemeinschaften und Ökosystemen geführt haben, ist von hoher Priorität, da sie wahrscheinlich mit denen vergleichbar sind, die sich auf moderne Ökosysteme auswirken. Durch die Entnahme von See- oder Permafrostkernsedimenten kann die vergangene Artenvielfalt an den Übergängen zwischen Eis- und Zwischeneiszeiten untersucht werden. Sibirien und Beringia waren der Ursprung der Ausbreitung der Steppentundra, weshalb die Untersuchung dieses Gebiets hohe Priorität hat. Bis vor kurzem waren Makrofossilien und Pollen die gängigsten Methoden. Sie dienen der Rekonstruktion vergangener Veränderungen in der Zusammensetzung der Bevölkerung, haben aber ihre Grenzen und Schwächen. Seit Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts kann auch sedimentäre alte DNA (sedaDNA) untersucht werden. Mein Hauptziel war es, durch den Einsatz von sedaDNA-Ansätzen wissenschaftliche Beweise für Veränderungen in der Zusammensetzung und Vielfalt der Ökosysteme der nördlichen Hemisphäre am Übergang zwischen den quartären Eiszeiten und Zwischeneiszeiten zu liefern. In dieser Arbeit liefere ich Momentaufnahmen ganzer alter Ökosysteme und beschreibe die Veränderungen in der Zusammensetzung zwischen Quartärglazialen und Interglazialen und bestätige die Vegetationszusammensetzung sowie die räumlichen und zeitlichen Grenzen der pleistozänen Steppentundra. Ich stelle einen allgemeinen Verlust der Pflanzenvielfalt fest, wobei das Aussterben der Pflanzen parallel zum Aussterben der Megafauna verlief. Ich zeige auf, wie der Verlust der biotischen Widerstandsfähigkeit zum Zusammenbruch eines zuvor gut etablierten Systems führte, und diskutiere meine Ergebnisse im Hinblick auf den laufenden Klimawandel. Mit weiteren Arbeiten zur Eingrenzung von Verzerrungen und Grenzen kann sedaDNA parallel zu den etablierteren Makrofossilien- und Pollenansätzen verwendet werden oder diese sogar ersetzen, da meine Ergebnisse die Robustheit und das Potenzial von sedaDNA zur Beantwortung neuer paläoökologischer Fragen wie Veränderungen der Pflanzenvielfalt und -verluste belegen und Momentaufnahmen ganzer alter Biota liefern.

Type of Medium: Dissertations

Pages: vi, 217 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-595847

URL: https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-59584

URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-595847

DOI: 10.25932/publishup-59584

Language: English

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2023 , TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements Summary Zusammenfassung 1 General introduction 1.1 A changing world 1.1.1 Global changes of anthropogenic origin 1.1.2 Amplified crisis in the high latitudes 1.2 The past is the key to the future 1.2.1 The Quaternary glacial and interglacial stages 1.2.2 The Beringia study case 1.3 Investigating past biodiversity 1.3.1 Traditional tools 1.3.2 Newest sedaDNA proxies 1.4 Motivation and aims of the thesis 1.5 Structure of the thesis 1.6 Author’s contributions 2 Manuscript I 2.1 Abstract 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Materials and Methods 2.3.1 Geographical settings 2.3.2 Fieldwork and subsampling 2.3.3 Core splicing and dating 2.3.4 Sediment-geochemical analyses 2.3.5 Pollen analysis 2.3.6 Molecular genetic preparation 2.3.7 Processing of sedaDNA data 2.3.8 Statistical analysis and visualization 2.4 Results 2.4.1 Age model 2.4.2 Sediment-geochemical core composition 2.4.3 Pollen stratigraphy 2.4.4 sedaDNA composition 2.4.5 Comparison between pollen and sedaDNA 2.4.6 Taxa richness investigation 2.5 Discussion 2.5.1 Proxy validation 2.5.2 Vegetation compositional changes in response to climate inferred from pollen and sedaDNA records 2.5.3 The steppe-tundra of the Late Pleistocene 2.5.4 The disrupted Pleistocene-Holocene transition 2.5.5 The boreal forest of the Holocene 2.5.6 Changes in vegetation richness through the Pleistocene/Holocene transition inferred from the sedaDNA record 2.6 Conclusion Data availability statement Funding References 3 Manuscript II 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Material and Method 3.3.1 Site description and timeframe 3.3.2 Sampling, DNA extraction and PCR 3.3.3 Filtering and cleaning dataset 3.3.4 Identification of taxa – species signal 3.3.5 Resampling 3.3.6 Assessment of the species pool stability 3.3.7 Quantification of extinct and extirpated taxa 3.3.8 Characterisation of species and candidate species 3.4 Results 3.4.1 Changes in the composition and species pool at the Pleistocene - Holocene transition 3.4.2 Decrease in the regional plant species richness between the Pleistocene and the Holocene 3.4.3 Identification of loss taxa events 3.4.4 Characterisation of lost taxa 3.5 Discussion 3.5.1 Biotic and abiotic changes in the ecosystem - a cocktail for extinction 3.5.2 Identification and quantification of potential plant taxa loss 3.5.3 Characterisation of potential taxa loss 3.5.4 Limits of the method 3.5.5 Conclusions and perspectives Funding References 4 Manuscript III 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Material & Methods 4.3.1 Fieldwork and subsampling 4.3.2 Chronology 4.3.3 Pollen analysis 4.3.4 Isolation of sedimentary ancient DNA 4.3.5 Metabarcoding approach 4.3.6 Shotgun approach 4.3.7 Bioinformatic processing 4.4 Results 4.4.1 General results of the three approaches: pollen, metabarcoding and shotgun sequencing 4.4.2 Plants (Viridiplantae) 4.4.3 Fungi 4.4.4 Mammals (Mammalia) 4.4.5 Birds (Aves) 4.4.6 Insects (Insecta) 4.4.7 Prokaryotes (Bacteria, Archaea) and Viruses 4.5 Discussion 4.5.1 Interglacial communities 4.5.2 Glacial communities 4.5.3 Potential and limitations of the sedaDNA shotgun approach applied to ancient permafrost sediments 4.6 Conclusions Data availability statement Funding References 5 Synthesis 5.1 Ecological changes between glacial and interglacial stages 5.1.1 Changes in the compositional structure 5.1.2 Loss of plant diversity 5.1.3 Potential drivers of change 5.2 High potential of sedaDNA for past biodiversity reconstruction 5.3 Conclusions and future perspectives Bibliography Appendices Appendix 1: Supplementary material for Manuscript I Appendix 2: Supplementary material for Manuscript II Appendix 3: Supplementary material for Manuscript III Appendix 4: Manuscript IV Eidesstattliche Erklärung

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On the linkage between future Arctic sea ice retreat, the large-scale atmospheric circulation and temperature extremes over Europe (2023)

Riebold, Johannes [VerfasserIn] ; Rex, Markus [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] [GutachterIn] ; Ulbrich, Uwe [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] [GutachterIn] ; [et al.]

Potsdam : Universität Potsdam

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Call number: AWI A4-23-95497

Description / Table of Contents: Extreme weather and climate events are one of the greatest dangers for present-day society. Therefore, it is important to provide reliable statements on what changes in extreme events can be expected along with future global climate change. However, the projected overall response to future climate change is generally a result of a complex interplay between individual physical mechanisms originated within the different climate subsystems. Hence, a profound understanding of these individual contributions is required in order to provide meaningful assessments of future changes in extreme events. One aspect of climate change is the recently observed phenomenon of Arctic Amplification and the related dramatic Arctic sea ice decline, which is expected to continue over the next decades. The question to what extent Arctic sea ice loss is able to affect atmospheric dynamics and extreme events over mid-latitudes has received a lot of attention over recent years and still remains a highly debated topic. In this respect, the objective of ...

Type of Medium: Dissertations

Pages: xi, 126 Seiten , Diagramme

URL: https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-60488

URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-604883

DOI: 10.25932/publishup-60488

Language: English

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2023 , CONTENTS 1 SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1.1 Extreme events and attribution 1.2 Arctic climate change and mid-latitude linkages 1.3 Research questions 2 FOUNDATIONS 2.1 Atmospheric basics 2.1.1 Governing equations 2.1.2 Zonal wind and temperature profiles 2.1.3 Atmospheric waves and instabilities 2.1.4 Large-scale variability patterns and blocking 2.2 Atmospheric circulation regimes 2.2.1 Dynamical concepts 2.2.2 Regime computation 2.2.3 Regime number 2.3 Arctic climate change 2.3.1 Recent trends in Arctic sea ice and temperatures 2.3.2 Surface fluxes and energy balance in Arctic regions 2.3.3 Polar amplification mechanisms 2.3.4 Arctic-mid-latitude linkages 2.4 Weather and climate extremes 2.4.1 Recent trends 2.4.2 Dynamical driver of temperature extremes 3 DATA AND METHODS 3.1 ERA5 reanalysis 3.2 Model experiments 3.2.1 The atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM6 3.2.2 Polar Amplification Intercomparison Project data 3.3 Methods 3.3.1 Statistical significance 3.3.2 Extreme definition 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Mean circulation in ERA5 and ECHAM6 experiments 4.1.1 Climatological mean states in ERA5 and the reference simulation 4.1.2 Climatological responses in ECHAM6 sensitivity experiments 4.2 Circulation regimes and sea ice-induced frequency changes 4.2.1 Regime structures in ERA5 and ECHAM6 experiments 4.2.2 Regime frequency changes in ERA 4.2.3 Regime frequency changes in ECHAM6 experiments 4.3 Changes in Northern Hemispheric temperature extremes induced by sea ice loss 4.3.1 Extreme occurrence frequency changes 4.3.2 Temperature return level changes 4.4 Links between circulation regimes and extremes over Europe 4.4.1 Winter temperature extremes 4.4.2 Summer heat extremes 4.4.3 Winter wind extremes 4.5 Decomposition of sea ice-induced frequency changes in European winter extremes 4.5.1 Midwinter cold extremes along a SCAN storyline 4.5.2 January warm extremes along a ATl- storyline 4.5.3 February warm extremes along a NAO+ storyline 4.5.4 Comparison with futSST 4.5.5 January wind extremes along a ATL- storyline 4.6 Circulation Analogue-based approach for summer season 4.6.1 ERA5 event definitions 4.6.2 Reference flows and analogues in ERA5 4.6.3 Circulation analogues in ECHAM6 experiments 4.6.4 Decomposition of sea ice-induced changes in European heat extremes 5 CONCLUSION 5.1 Summary 5.2 Final discussion and outlook Appendix A METHODS A.1 Principal Component Analysis A.2 𝑘-Means clustering A.2.1 Algorithm A.2.2 Computation of circulation regimes A.3 Taylor diagram A.4 Regression model for describing ERA5 regime frequency changes A.4.1 General setup A.4.2 Multinomial Logistic Regression A.4.3 Linear predictor A.5 Definition and calculation of return levels A.5.1 Block maxima approach and Generalized Extreme Value distribution A.5.2 Return level estimation A.6 Framework for conditional extreme event attribution Appendix B ADDITIONAL FIGURES B.1 Circulation regimes and sea ice-induced frequency changes B.2 Changes in Northern Hemispheric temperature extremes induced by sea ice loss B.3 Links between circulation regimes and extremes over Europe B.3.1 Conditioned vs. unconditioned ERA5 and wind extreme probabilities B.3.2 Wind and synoptic-scale activity anomalies B.4 Decomposition of sea ice-induced frequency changes in European winter extremes B.5 Circulation Analogue-based approach for summer season B.6 Miscellaneous B.6.1 Recent Arctic sea ice trends B.6.2 futSST forcing field B.6.3 Fluxes over sea ice and ocean surfaces in ECHAM6 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Recent and future vegetation change in the treeline region of Chukotka (NE Russia) inferred from field data, satellite data and modelling (2022)

Shevtsova, Iuliia [VerfasserIn] ; Herzschuh, Ulrike [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] ; Große, Guido [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] ; [et al.]

Potsdam : Universität Potsdam

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Call number: AWI Bio-22-94840

Description / Table of Contents: Vegetation change at high latitudes is one of the central issues nowadays with respect to ongoing climate changes and triggered potential feedback. At high latitude ecosystems, the expected changes include boreal treeline advance, compositional, phenological, physiological (plants), biomass (phytomass) and productivity changes. However, the rate and the extent of the changes under climate change are yet poorly understood and projections are necessary for effective adaptive strategies and forehanded minimisation of the possible negative feedbacks. The vegetation itself and environmental conditions, which are playing a great role in its development and distribution are diverse throughout the Subarctic to the Arctic. Among the least investigated areas is central Chukotka in North-Eastern Siberia, Russia. Chukotka has mountainous terrain and a wide variety of vegetation types on the gradient from treeless tundra to northern taiga forests. The treeline there in contrast to subarctic North America and north-western and central Siberia is represented by a deciduous conifer, Larix cajanderi Mayr. The vegetation varies from prostrate lichen Dryas octopetala L. tundra to open graminoid (hummock and non-hummock) tundra to tall Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel shrublands to sparse and dense larch forests. Hence, this thesis presents investigations on recent compositional and above-ground biomass (AGB) changes, as well as potential future changes in AGB in central Chukotka. The aim is to assess how tundra-taiga vegetation develops under changing climate conditions particularly in Fareast Russia, central Chukotka. Therefore, three main research questions were considered: 1) What changes in vegetation composition have recently occurred in central Chukotka? 2) How have the above-ground biomass AGB rates and distribution changed in central Chukotka? 3) What are the spatial dynamics and rates of tree AGB change in the upcoming millennia in the northern tundra-taiga of central Chukotka? Remote sensing provides information on the spatial and temporal variability of vegetation. I used Landsat satellite data together with field data (foliage projective cover and AGB) from two expeditions in 2016 and 2018 to Chukotka to upscale vegetation types and AGB for the study area. More specifically, I used Landsat spectral indices (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Normalised Difference Snow Index (NDSI)) and constrained ordination (Redundancy analysis, RDA) for further k-means-based land-cover classification and general additive model (GAM)-based AGB maps for 2000/2001/2002 and 2016/2017. I also used Tandem-X DEM data for a topographical correction of the Landsat satellite data and to derive slope, aspect, and Topographical Wetness Index (TWI) data for forecasting AGB. Firstly, in 2016, taxa-specific projective cover data were collected during a Russian-German expedition. I processed the field data and coupled them with Landsat spectral Indices in the RDA model that was used for k-means classification. I could establish four meaningful land-cover classes: (1) larch closed-canopy forest, (2) forest tundra and shrub tundra, (3) graminoid tundra and (4) prostrate herb tundra and barren areas, and accordingly, I produced the land cover maps for 2000/2001/2002 and 2016/20017. Changes in land-cover classes between the beginning of the century (2000/2001/2002) and the present time (2016/2017) were estimated and interpreted as recent compositional changes in central Chukotka. The transition from graminoid tundra to forest tundra and shrub tundra was interpreted as shrubification and amounts to a 20% area increase in the tundra-taiga zone and 40% area increase in the northern taiga. Major contributors of shrubification are alder, dwarf birch and some species of the heather family. Land-cover change from the forest tundra and shrub tundra class to the larch closed-canopy forest class is interpreted as tree infilling and is notable in the northern taiga. We find almost no land-cover changes in the present treeless tundra. Secondly, total AGB state and change were investigated for the same areas. In addition to the total vegetation AGB, I provided estimations for the different taxa present at the field sites. As an outcome, AGB in the study region of central Chukotka ranged from 0 kg m-2 at barren areas to 16 kg m-2 in closed-canopy forests with the larch trees contributing the highest. A comparison of changes in AGB within the investigated period from 2000 to 2016 shows that the greatest changes (up to 1.25 kg m 2 yr 1) occurred in the northern taiga and in areas where land cover changed to larch closed-canopy forest. Our estimations indicate a general increase in total AGB throughout the investigated tundra-taiga and northern taiga, whereas the tundra showed no evidence of change in AGB within the 15 years from 2002 to 2017. In the third manuscript, potential future AGB changes were estimated based on the results of simulations of the individual-based spatially explicit vegetation model LAVESI using different climate scenarios, depending on Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 with or without cooling after 2300 CE. LAVESI-based AGB was simulated for the current state until 3000 CE for the northern tundra-taiga study area for larch species because we expect the most notable changes to occur will be associated with forest expansion in the treeline ecotone. The spatial distribution and current state of tree AGB was validated against AGB field data, AGB extracted from Landsat satellite data and a high spatial resolution image with distinctive trees visible. The simulation results are indicating differences in tree AGB dynamics plot wise, depending on the distance to the current treeline. The simulated tree AGB dynamics are in concordance with fundamental ecological (emigrational and successional) processes: tree stand formation in simulated results starts with seed dispersion, tree stand establishment, tree stand densification and episodic thinning. Our results suggest mostly densification of existing tree stands in the study region within the current century in the study region and a lagged forest expansion (up to 39% of total area in the RCP 8.5) under all considered climate scenarios without cooling in different local areas depending on the closeness to the current treeline. In scenarios with cooling air temperature after 2300 CE, forests stopped expanding at 2300 CE (up to 10%, RCP 8.5) and then gradually retreated to their pre-21st century position. The average tree AGB rates of increase are the strongest in the first 300 years of the 21st century. The rates depend on the RCP scenario, where the highest are as expected under RCP 8.5. Overall, this interdisciplinary thesis shows a successful integration of field data, satellite data and modelling for tracking recent and predicting future vegetation changes in mountainous subarctic regions. The obtained results are unique for the focus area in central Chukotka and overall, for mountainous high latitude ecosystems.

Type of Medium: Dissertations

Pages: 149 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme

URL: https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-54845

Language: English

Note: Dissertation, Potsdam, Universität Potsdam, 2022 , Contents Abstract Zusammenfassung Contents Abbreviations Motivation 1 Introduction 1.1 Scientific background 1.2 Study region 1.3 Aims and objectives 2 Materials and methods 3.1 Section 4 - Strong shrub expansion in tundra-taiga, tree infilling in taiga and stable tundra in central Chukotka (north-eastern Siberia) between 2000 and 2017 3.2 Section 5 - Recent above-ground biomass changes in central Chukotka (NE Siberia) combining field-sampling and remote sensing 3.3 Section 6 - Future spatially explicit tree above-ground biomass trajectories revealed for a mountainous treeline ecotone using the individual-based model LAVESI 4 Strong shrub expansion in tundra-taiga, tree infilling in taiga and stable tundra in central Chukotka (north-eastern Siberia) between 2000 and 2017 Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and methods 2.1 Field data collection and processing 2.2 Landsat data, pre-processing and spectral indices processing 2.3 Redundancy analysis (RDA) and classification approaches 3 Results 3.1 General characteristics of the vegetation field data 3.2 Relating field data to Landsat spectral indices in the RDA model 3.3 Land-cover classification 3.4 Land-cover change between 2000 and 2017 4 Discussion 4.1 Dataset limitations and optimisation 4.2 Vegetation changes from 2000/2001/2002 to 2016/2017 Conclusions Acknowledgements Data availability statement References Appendix A. Detailed description of Landsat acquisitions Appendix B. MODIS NDVI time series from 2000 to 2018 Appendix C. Landsat Indices values for each analysed vegetation site Appendix D. Fuzzy c-means classification for interpretation of uncertainties for land-cover mapping Appendix E. Validation of land-cover maps Appendix F. K-means classification results Appendix G. Heterogeneity of natural landscapes and mixed pixels of satellite data Appendix H. Distribution of land-cover classes and their changes by study area 5 Recent above-ground biomass changes in central Chukotka (NE Siberia) combining field-sampling and remote sensing Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and methods 2.1 Study region and field surveys 2.2 Above-ground biomass upscaling and change derivation 3 Results 3.1 Vegetation composition and above-ground biomass 3.2 Upscaling above-ground biomass using GAM 3.3 Change of above-ground biomass between 2000 and 2017 in the four focus areas 4 Discussion 4.1 Recent state of above-ground biomass at the field sites 4.2 Recent state of above-ground biomass upscaled for central Chukotka 4.3 Change in above-ground biomass within the investigated 15–16 years in central Chukotka 5 Conclusions Data availability statement Author contributions Competing interests Acknowledgements References Appendix A. Sampling and above-ground biomass (AGB) calculation protocol for field data 6 Future spatially explicit tree above-ground biomass trajectories revealed for a mountainous treeline ecotone using the individual-based model LAVESI Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and methods 2.1 Study region 2.2 LAVESI model setup, parameterisation, and validation 2.2.4 LAVESI simulation setup for this study 2.2.5 Validation of the model’s performance 3 Results 3.1 Dynamics and spatial distribution changes of tree above-ground-biomass 3.2 Spatial and temporal validation of the contemporary larch AGB 4 Discussion 4.1 Future dynamics of tree AGB at a plot level 4.2 What are the future dynamics of tree AGB at the landscape level? 5 Conclusions Data availability Acknowledgements References Appendix B. Permutation tests for tree presence versus topographical parameters Appendix C. Landsat-based, field, and simulated estimations of larch above-ground biomass (AGB). 7 Synthesis 7.1 What changes in vegetation composition have happened from 2000 to 2017 in central Chukotka? 7.2 How have the above-ground biomass (AGB) distribution and rates changed from 2000 to 2017 in central Chukotka? 7.3 What are the spatial dynamics and rates of tree AGB change in the upcoming centuries in the northern tundra-taiga from 2020 to 3000 CE on the plot level and landscape level? References Acknowledgements

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Remote sensing of suspended sediment dynamics in the Arctic nearshore zone (2022)

Klein, Konstantin Paul [VerfasserIn] ; Bracher, Astrid [GutachterIn] ; Bélanger, Simon [GutachterIn] ; [et al.]

Potsdam : Universität Potsdam

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Call number: AWI G8-23-95167

Description / Table of Contents: The Arctic nearshore zone plays a key role in the carbon cycle. Organic-rich sediments get eroded off permafrost affected coastlines and can be directly transferred to the nearshore zone. Permafrost in the Arctic stores a high amount of organic matter and is vulnerable to thermo-erosion, which is expected to increase due to climate change. This will likely result in higher sediment loads in nearshore waters and has the potential to alter local ecosystems by limiting light transmission into the water column, thus limiting primary production to the top-most part of it, and increasing nutrient export from coastal erosion. Greater organic matter input could result in the release of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Climate change also acts upon the fluvial system, leading to greater discharge to the nearshore zone. It leads to decreasing sea-ice cover as well, which will both increase wave energy and lengthen the open-water season. Yet, knowledge on these processes and the resulting impact on the nearshore zone is scarce, because access to and instrument deployment in the nearshore zone is challenging. Remote sensing can alleviate these issues in providing rapid data delivery in otherwise non-accessible areas. However, the waters in the Arctic nearshore zone are optically complex, with multiple influencing factors, such as organic rich suspended sediments, colored dissolved organic matter (cDOM), and phytoplankton. The goal of this dissertation was to use remotely sensed imagery to monitor processes related to turbidity caused by suspended sediments in the Arctic nearshore zone. In-situ measurements of water-leaving reflectance and surface water turbidity were used to calibrate a semi-empirical algorithm which relates turbidity from satellite imagery. Based on this algorithm and ancillary ocean and climate variables, the mechanisms underpinning nearshore turbidity in the Arctic were identified at a resolution not achieved before. The calibration of the Arctic Nearshore Turbidity Algorithm (ANTA) was based on in-situ measurements from the coastal and inner-shelf waters around Herschel Island Qikiqtaruk (HIQ) in the western Canadian Arctic from the summer seasons 2018 and 2019. It performed better than existing algorithms, developed for global applications, in relating turbidity from remotely sensed imagery. These existing algorithms were lacking validation data from permafrost affected waters, and were thus not able to reflect the complexity of Arctic nearshore waters. The ANTA has a higher sensitivity towards the lowest turbidity values, which is an asset for identifying sediment pathways in the nearshore zone. Its transferability to areas beyond HIQ was successfully demonstrated using turbidity measurements matching satellite image recordings from Adventfjorden, Svalbard. The ANTA is a powerful tool that provides robust turbidity estimations in a variety of Arctic nearshore environments. Drivers of nearshore turbidity in the Arctic were analyzed by combining ANTA results from the summer season 2019 from HIQ with ocean and climate variables obtained from the weather station at HIQ, the ERA5 reanalysis database, and the Mackenzie River discharge. ERA5 reanalysis data were obtained as domain averages over the Canadian Beaufort Shelf. Nearshore turbidity was linearly correlated to wind speed, significant wave height and wave period. Interestingly, nearshore turbidity was only correlated to wind speed at the shelf, but not to the in-situ measurements from the weather station at HIQ. This shows that nearshore turbidity, albeit being of limited spatial extent, gets influenced by the weather conditions multiple kilometers away, rather than in its direct vicinity. The large influence of wave energy on nearshore turbidity indicates that freshly eroded material off the coast is a major contributor to the nearshore sediment load. This contrasts results from the temperate and tropical oceans, where tides and currents are the major drivers of nearshore turbidity. The Mackenzie River discharge was not identified as a driver of nearshore turbidity in 2019, however, the analysis of 30 years of Landsat archive imagery from 1986 to 2016 suggests a direct link between the prevailing wind direction, which heavily influences the Mackenzie River plume extent, and nearshore turbidity around HIQ. This discrepancy could be caused by the abnormal discharge behavior of the Mackenzie River in 2019. This dissertation has substantially advanced the understanding of suspended sediment processes in the Arctic nearshore zone and provided new monitoring tools for future studies. The presented results will help to understand the role of the Arctic nearshore zone in the carbon cycle under a changing climate.

Type of Medium: Dissertations

Pages: xv, ii, 85, xvii Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

URL: https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-57603

Language: English

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2022 (kumulative Dissertation) , TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract Zusammenfassung Allgemeinverständliche Zusammenfassung List of Figures List of Tables Funding Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Scientific Background 1.1.1 Arctic Climate Change 1.1.2 The Arctic Nearshore Zone 1.1.3 Ocean Color Remote Sensing 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Study Area 1.4 Methods 1.4.1 Field Sampling 1.4.2 Data Processing 1.4.3 Satellite Imagery Processing 1.5 Thesis Structure 1.6 Author Contributions Chapter 2 Long-Term High-Resolution Sediment and Sea Surface Temperature Spatial Patterns in Arctic Nearshore Waters retrived using 30-year Landsat Archive Imagery 2.1 Abstract 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Material and Methods 2.3.1 Regional Setting 2.3.2 Landsat Images Acquisition and Processing 2.3.3 Landsat Turbidity Retrieval 2.3.4 Transects in the nearshore zone 2.3.5 Wind Data 2.4 Results 2.4.1 Brightness Temperature 2.4.2 Surface Reflectance and Turbidity Mapping 2.4.3 Gradients in the nearshore zone 2.5 Discussion 2.6 Conclusion Appendix A Chapter 3 The Arctic Nearshore Turbidity Algorithm (ANTA) - A Multi Sensor Turbidity Algorithm for Arctic Nearshore Environments 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Methods 3.3.1 Regional setting 3.3.2 In-situ sampling 3.3.3 Optical data processing 3.3.4 Algorithm tuning 3.3.5 Satellite imagery processing 3.4 Results and Discussion 3.4.1 Turbidity and SPM 3.4.2 ANTA performance 3.4.3 Comparison with the Dogliotti et al., (2015) algorithm 3.4.4 Test and transfer of the ANTA 3.5 Conclusion Chapter 4 Drivers of Turbidity and its Seasonal Variability in the Nearshore Zone of Herschel Island Qikiqtaruk (western Canadian Arctic) 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Methods 4.3.1 Study Area 4.3.2 Satellite Imagery 4.3.3 In-situ data 4.3.4 Reanalysis data 4.4 Results and Discussion 4.4.1 Time Series Analysis 4.4.2 Drivers of turbidity 4.5 Conclusion Chapter 5 Synthesis 5.1 Applicability of Remote Sensing Algorithms in the Arctic Nearshore Zone 5.2 Drivers of Nearshore Turbidity 5.3 Spatial Variations of Nearshore Turbidity 5.4 Challenges and Outlook List of Acronyms Bibliography Danksagung

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Permafrost carbon stabilisation by recreating a herbivore-driven ecosystem (2023)

Windirsch-Woiwode, Torben [VerfasserIn] ; Große, Guido [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] [GutachterIn] ; Kumpula, Timo [GutachterIn] ; [et al.]

Potsdam : Universität Potsdam

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Call number: AWI G3-24-95700

Description / Table of Contents: With Arctic ground as a huge and temperature-sensitive carbon reservoir, maintaining low ground temperatures and frozen conditions to prevent further carbon emissions that contrib-ute to global climate warming is a key element in humankind’s fight to maintain habitable con-ditions on earth. Former studies showed that during the late Pleistocene, Arctic ground condi-tions were generally colder and more stable as the result of an ecosystem dominated by large herbivorous mammals and vast extents of graminoid vegetation – the mammoth steppe. Characterised by high plant productivity (grassland) and low ground insulation due to animal-caused compression and removal of snow, this ecosystem enabled deep permafrost aggrad-ation. Now, with tundra and shrub vegetation common in the terrestrial Arctic, these effects are not in place anymore. However, it appears to be possible to recreate this ecosystem local-ly by artificially increasing animal numbers, and hence keep Arctic ground cold to reduce or-ganic matter decomposition and carbon release into the atmosphere. By measuring thaw depth, total organic carbon and total nitrogen content, stable carbon iso-tope ratio, radiocarbon age, n-alkane and alcohol characteristics and assessing dominant vegetation types along grazing intensity transects in two contrasting Arctic areas, it was found that recreating conditions locally, similar to the mammoth steppe, seems to be possible. For permafrost-affected soil, it was shown that intensive grazing in direct comparison to non-grazed areas reduces active layer depth and leads to higher TOC contents in the active layer soil. For soil only frozen on top in winter, an increase of TOC with grazing intensity could not be found, most likely because of confounding factors such as vertical water and carbon movement, which is not possible with an impermeable layer in permafrost. In both areas, high animal activity led to a vegetation transformation towards species-poor graminoid-dominated landscapes with less shrubs. Lipid biomarker analysis revealed that, even though the available organic material is different between the study areas, in both permafrost-affected and sea-sonally frozen soils the organic material in sites affected by high animal activity was less de-composed than under less intensive grazing pressure. In conclusion, high animal activity af-fects decomposition processes in Arctic soils and the ground thermal regime, visible from reduced active layer depth in permafrost areas. Therefore, grazing management might be utilised to locally stabilise permafrost and reduce Arctic carbon emissions in the future, but is likely not scalable to the entire permafrost region.

Type of Medium: Dissertations

Pages: X, 104, A-57 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme

URL: https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-62424

DOI: 10.25932/publishup-62424

Language: English

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2024 , Table of contents ABSTRACT ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ABBREVIATIONS AND NOMENCLATURE CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND 1.1.1 ARCTIC GROUND 1.1.2 THE PHENOMENON OF PERMAFROST 1.1.3 ARCTIC NON - PERMAFROST AREAS 1.1.4 HYPOTHESIS 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 1.3 METHODS 1.3.1 FIELD METHODS AND SAMPLING APPROACH 1.3.2 STUDY AREA SELECTION 1.3.3 LABORATORY METHODS 1.4 THESIS ORGANISATION CHAPTER 2: LARGE HERBIVORES ON PERMAFROST – A PILOT STUDY OF GRAZING IMPACTS ON PERMAFROST SOIL CARBON STORAGE IN NORTHEASTERN SIBERIA 2.1 ABSTRACT 2.2 I NTRODUCTION 2.3 STUDY AREA 2.4 METHODS 2.4.1 FIELD SAMPLING APPROACH 2.4.2 LABORATORY WORK 2.4.3 DATA ANALYSIS AND EXTERNAL DATA 2.5 RESULTS 2.5.1 VEGETATION ASSESSMENT 2.5.2 SEASONAL THAW DEPTH 2.5.3 CARBON PARAMETERS (TOC, TOC/TN RATIOS , AND Δ13 C RATIOS ) 2.5.4 GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND WATER CONTENT 2.5.5 STATISTICS AND CORRELATION ANALYSIS 2.6 DISCUSSION 2.6.1 EFFECTS OF GRAZING ON VEGETATION STRUCTURE AND PERMAFROST THAW 2.6.2 CARBON ACCUMULATION UNDER GRAZING IMPACT 2.6.3 METHODOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS OF THE PILOT STUDY 2.7 CONCLUSION 2.8 DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 2.9 AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS 2.10 FUNDING 2.11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2.12 CONFLICT OF INTERESTS CHAPTER 3: IMPACTS OF REINDEER ON SOIL CARBON STORAGE IN THE SEASONALLY FROZEN GROUND OF NORTHERN FINLAND: A PILOT STUDY 3.1 ABSTRACT 3.2 I NTRODUCTION 3.3 STUDY AREA 3.4 METHODS 3.4.1 FIELD WORK 3.4.2 LABORATORY ANALYSIS 3.4.3 DATA ANALYSIS AND CALCULATIONS 3.5 RESULTS 3.5.1 CORE DESCRIPTIONS 3.5.2 VEGETATION 3.5.3 CARBON PARAMETERS 3.5.6 COMPARATIVE DATA ANALYSIS 3.6 DISCUSSION 3.6.1 REINDEER IMPACT ON SOIL CARBON STORAGE 3.6.2 REINDEER IMPACT ON VEGETATION 3.6.3 REINDEER IMPACT ON GROUND CHARACTERISTICS 3.6.4 SOC DENSITY AND STOCKS ACROSS THE KUTUHARJU STATION AREA 3.6.5 METHODOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS OF THE PILOT STUDY DESIGN 3.6.6 IMPLICATIONS OF THE PILOT STUDY FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 3.7 CONCLUSION 3.8 DATA AVAILABILITY 3.9 AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION 3.10 COMPETING INTERESTS 3.11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3.12 FUNDING TABLE 3-1 TABLE 3-2 TABLE 3-3 CHAPTER 4: LIPID BIOMARKER SCREENING TO TRACE RECENT LARGE HERBIVORE INFLUENCE ON SOIL CARBON IN PERMAFROST AND SEASONALLY FROZEN ARCTIC GROUND 4.1 ABSTRACT 4.2 I NTRODUCTION 4.3 STUDY AREA 4.4 METHODS 4.4.1 SAMPLING APPROACH 4.4.2 LABORATORY ANALYSIS 4.4.3 LIPID BIOMARKER INDICES 4.4.4 STATISTICS 4.5 RESULTS 4.5.1 TOC 4.5.2 C/N RATIO 4.5.3 STABLE CARBON ISOTOPE RATIO 4.5.4 ABSOLUTE N- ALKANE CONCENTRATION 4.5.5 AVERAGE CHAIN LENGTH 4.5.6 CARBON PREFERENCE INDEX 4.5.7 HIGHER - PLANT ALCOHOL INDEX 4.5.8 STATISTICAL RESULTS 4.6 DISCUSSION 4.6.1 EFFECTS OF GRAZING INTENSITY ON BIOMARKER SIGNALS 4.6.2 EFFECTS OF GROUND THERMAL REGIME ON SOIL OM DEGRADATION 4.6.3 I MPACT OF HERBIVORY ON PERMAFROST OM STORAGE 4.7 CONCLUSION 4.8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4.9 COMPETING INTERESTS 4.10 AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION 4.11 FUNDING 4.12 DATA AVAILABILITY CHAPTER 5: SYNTHESIS 5.1 ECOSYSTEM CHANGES UNDER THE IMPACT OF LARGE HERBIVORES 5.2 GRAZING EFFECTS ON SOIL ORGANIC MATTER DECOMPOSITION 5.3 F EASIBILITY OF UTILISING HERBIVORY IN THE ARCTIC 5.4 RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL PLANNING AND USE OF ARCTIC HERBIVORY REFERENCES 93 FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX I ORGANIC CARBON CHARACTERISTICS IN ICE - RICH PERMAFROST IN ALAS AND YEDOMA DEPOSITS , CENTRAL YAKUTIA, SIBERIA APPENDIX II WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF HERBIVORE DIVERSITY ON TUNDRA ECOSYSTEMS ? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (ABSTRACT) APPENDIX III SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL TO CHAPTER 2: LARGE HERBIVORES ON PERMAFROST – A PILOT STUDY OF GRAZING IMPACTS ON PERMAFROST SOIL CARBON STORAGE IN NORTHEASTERN SIBERIA APPENDIX IV SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL TO CHAPTER 3: IMPACTS OF REINDEER ON SOIL CARBON STORAGE IN THE SEASONALLY FROZEN GROUND OF NORTHERN FINLAND : A PILOT STUDY APPENDIX V SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL TO CHAPTER 4: A PILOT STUDY OF LIPID BIOMARKERS TO TRACE RECENT LARGE HERBIVORE INFLUENCE ON SOIL CARBON IN PERMAFROST AND SEASONALLY ROZEN ARCTIC GROUND APPENDIX VI SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL TO APPENDIX IV: ORGANIC CARBON CHARACTERISTICS IN ICE - RICH PERMAFROST IN ALAS AND YEDOMA DEPOSITS , CENTRAL YAKUTIA, SIBERIA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - DANKSAGUNG

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Moss-associated bacterial and archaeal communities of northern peatlands : key taxa, environmental drivers and potential functions (2024)

Kiss, Andrea [VerfasserIn] ; Liebner, Susanne [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] [GutachterIn] ; Herzschuh, Ulrike [GutachterIn] ; [et al.]

Potsdam : Universität Potsdam

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Call number: AWI Bio-24-95736

Description / Table of Contents: Moss-microbe associations are often characterised by syntrophic interactions between the microorganisms and their hosts, but the structure of the microbial consortia and their role in peatland development remain unknown. In order to study microbial communities of dominant peatland mosses, Sphagnum and brown mosses, and the respective environmental drivers, four study sites representing different successional stages of natural northern peatlands were chosen on a large geographical scale: two brown moss-dominated, circumneutral peatlands from the Arctic and two Sphagnum-dominated, acidic peat bogs from subarctic and temperate zones. The family Acetobacteraceae represented the dominant bacterial taxon of Sphagnum mosses from various geographical origins and displayed an integral part of the moss core community. This core community was shared among all investigated bryophytes and consisted of few but highly abundant prokaryotes, of which many appear as endophytes of Sphagnum mosses. Moreover, brown mosses and Sphagnum mosses represent habitats for archaea which were not studied in association with peatland mosses so far. Euryarchaeota that are capable of methane production (methanogens) displayed the majority of the moss-associated archaeal communities. Moss-associated methanogenesis was detected for the first time, but it was mostly negligible under laboratory conditions. Contrarily, substantial moss-associated methane oxidation was measured on both, brown mosses and Sphagnum mosses, supporting that methanotrophic bacteria as part of the moss microbiome may contribute to the reduction of methane emissions from pristine and rewetted peatlands of the northern hemisphere. Among the investigated abiotic and biotic environmental parameters, the peatland type and the host moss taxon were identified to have a major impact on the structure of moss-associated bacterial communities, contrarily to archaeal communities whose structures were similar among the investigated bryophytes. For the first time it was shown that different bog development stages harbour distinct bacterial communities, while at the same time a small core community is shared among all investigated bryophytes independent of geography and peatland type. The present thesis displays the first large-scale, systematic assessment of bacterial and archaeal communities associated both with brown mosses and Sphagnum mosses. It suggests that some host-specific moss taxa have the potential to play a key role in host moss establishment and peatland development.

Description / Table of Contents: Während die Beziehungen zwischen Moosen und den mit ihnen assoziierten Mikroorganismen oft durch syntrophische Wechselwirkungen charakterisiert sind, ist die Struktur der Moos-assoziierten mikrobiellen Gemeinschaften sowie deren Rolle bei der Entstehung von Mooren weitgehend unbekannt. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit mikrobiellen Gemeinschaften, die mit Moosen nördlicher, naturnaher Moore assoziiert sind, sowie mit den Umweltfaktoren, die sie beeinflussen. Entlang eines groß angelegten geographischen Gradienten, der von der Hocharktis bis zur gemäßigten Klimazone reicht, wurden vier naturbelassene Moore als Probenstandorte ausgesucht, die stellvertretend für verschiedene Stadien der Moorentwicklung stehen: zwei Braunmoos-dominierte Niedermoore mit nahezu neutralem pH-Wert sowie zwei Sphagnum-dominierte Torfmoore mit saurem pH-Wert. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit machen deutlich, dass die zu den Bakterien zählenden Acetobacteraceae das vorherrschende mikrobielle Taxon der Sphagnum-Moose gleich welchen geographischen Ursprungs darstellen und insbesondere innerhalb des Wirtsmoosgewebes dominieren. Gleichzeitig gehörten die Acetobacteraceae zum wesentlichen Bestandteil der mikrobiellen Kerngemeinschaft aller untersuchten Moose, die sich aus einigen wenigen Arten, dafür zahlreich vorkommenden Prokaryoten zusammensetzt. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt zudem erstmals, dass sowohl Braunmoose als auch Torfmoose ein Habitat für Archaeen darstellen. Die Mehrheit der Moos-assoziierten Archaeen gehörte dabei zu den methanbildenden Gruppen, wenngleich die metabolischen Aktivitätsraten unter Laborbedingungen meistens kaum messbar waren. Im Gegensatz hierzu konnte die Bakterien-vermittelte Methanoxidation sowohl an Braunmoosen als auch an Sphagnum-Moosen gemessen werden. Dies zeigt eindrucksvoll, dass Moos-assoziierte Bakterien potenziell zur Minderung von Methanemissionen aus nördlichen, aber auch wiedervernässten Mooren beitragen können. Ein weiteres wichtiges Resultat der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Bedeutung des Moortyps (Niedermoor oder Torfmoor), aber auch der Wirtsmoosart selbst für die Struktur der Moos-assoziierten Bakteriengemeinschaften, während die archaeellen Gemeinschaftsstrukturen weder vom Moortyp noch von der Wirtsmoosart beeinflusst wurden und sich insgesamt deutlich ähnlicher waren als die der Bakterien. Darüber hinaus konnte erstmalig gezeigt werden, dass sich die bakteriellen Gemeinschaften innerhalb der unterschiedlichen Moorsukzessionsstadien zwar ganz erheblich voneinander unterscheiden, ein kleiner Teil der Bakterien dennoch Kerngemeinschaften bilden, die mit allen untersuchten Moosarten assoziiert waren. Bei der hier präsentierten Arbeit handelt es sich um die erste systematische Studie, die sich auf einer großen geographischen Skala mit den bakteriellen und archaeellen Gemeinschaften von Braunmoosen und Torfmoosen aus naturbelassenen nördlichen Mooren befasst. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass die untersuchten Moose ein ganz spezifisches mikrobielles Konsortium beherbergen, welches mutmaßlich eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Etablierung der Wirtspflanzen am Anfang der Moorentwicklung spielt und darüber hinaus das Potential hat, die charakteristischen Eigenschaften von Mooren sowie deren weitere Entwicklung zu prägen.

Type of Medium: Dissertations

Pages: XX, 139, liv Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme

URL: https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-63064

URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-630641

DOI: 10.25932/publishup-63064

Language: English

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2024 , Content Preface Acknowledgements Summary Zusammenfassung Abbreviations 1. Introduction 1.1. Peatlands 1.1.1. Peatland development and peat bog succession 1.1.2. Characteristic peatlands of the northern hemisphere 1.1.3. Anthropogenic threats of northern peatlands 1.1.4. Peat bog restoration 1.2. Peatland bryophytes 1.2.1. Brown mosses 1.2.2. Sphagnum mosses 1.3. Moss microbiota 1.3.1. Moss-associated bacteria 1.3.2. Moss-associated archaea 1.3.3. Endophytic prokaryotic communities 1.4. Biotic and abiotic influences on moss-associated microorganisms 1.5. Objectives 1.6. Study sites 1.6.1. High Arctic peatlands of Svalbard (SV) 1.6.2. Polygonal Tundra of Samoylov (SA) 1.6.3. Palsa Bogs of Neiden (NEI) 1.6.4. Kettle Bog Peatlands of Mueritz National Park (MUE) 2. Material and Methods 2.1. Sampling scheme overview 2.2. Sampling of pore water 2.3. Sampling of moss plantlets 2.4. Analysis of pore water chemistry 2.5. Cell wall analysis 2.5.1. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) 2.5.2. Holocellulose (HC) 2.5.3. Lignin and Lignin-like polymers (LLP) 2.5.4. Bulk moss litter analysis 2.6. Moss surface sterilisation and separation of putative epiphytic and endophytic microbial communities 2.7. DNA extraction and sequencing 2.8. Sequence analyses and bioinformatics 2.9. Statistical analyses 2.10. Potential methane production and oxidation assays 2.10.1. Surface sterilisation prior to activity tests 2.10.2. Methane production 2.10.3. Methane oxidation 3. Results 3.1. Peatland bulk and pore water characteristics 3.2. Diversity and structure of natural peatland microbial communities 3.3. Environmental drivers of moss-associated microbial communities 3.4. Microbial taxa associated with brown mosses and Sphagnum mosses 3.4.1. Moss-associated bacteria 3.4.2. Moss-associated archaea 3.4.3. Bacterial and archaeal core communities 3.4.4. Acetobacteraceae as dominant taxon of the bacterial core community 3.5. Sphagnum bacteriomes of disturbed, rewetted and pristine temperate kettle bog 3.6. Potential moss-associated methane production and methane oxidation rates 3.6.1. Moss-associated methane production 3.6.2. Moss-associated methane oxidation 4. Discussion 4.1. Environmental influences on moss-associated bacterial communities 4.2. Moss-associated archaeal communities and their environmental drivers 4.3. Distinct patterns of endophytic bacteria 4.4. The core microbiota and their possible role for peatland succession 4.5. The potential role of Acetobacteraceae for Sphagnum host mosses and bog ecosystems 4.6. Moss-associated microbial communities of the methane cycle and their potential metabolic activity 4.7. Diversity and structure of Sphagnum bacteriomes from pristine, disturbed and rewetted kettle bogs 5. Conclusion 6. Critical remarks and outlook 6.1. Critical remarks 6.2. Outlook Bibliography Supplementary

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Large eddy simulations of the Arctic boundary layer around the MOSAiC drift track (2023)

Littmann, Daniela-Christin [VerfasserIn] ; Rex, Markus [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] [GutachterIn] ; Neggers, Roel [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] [GutachterIn] ; [et al.]

Potsdam : Universität Potsdam

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Call number: AWI A7-24-95703

Description / Table of Contents: The icosahedral non-hydrostatic large eddy model (ICON-LEM) was applied around the drift track of the Multidisciplinary Observatory Study of the Arctic (MOSAiC) in 2019 and 2020. The model was set up with horizontal grid-scales between 100m and 800m on areas with radii of 17.5km and 140 km. At its lateral boundaries, the model was driven by analysis data from the German Weather Service (DWD), downscaled by ICON in limited area mode (ICON-LAM) with horizontal grid-scale of 3 km. The aim of this thesis was the investigation of the atmospheric boundary layer near the surface in the central Arctic during polar winter with a high-resolution mesoscale model. The default settings in ICON-LEM prevent the model from representing the exchange processes in the Arctic boundary layer in accordance to the MOSAiC observations. The implemented sea-ice scheme in ICON does not include a snow layer on sea-ice, which causes a too slow response of the sea-ice surface temperature to atmospheric changes. To allow the sea-ice surface to respond faster to changes in the atmosphere, the implemented sea-ice parameterization in ICON was extended with an adapted heat capacity term. The adapted sea-ice parameterization resulted in better agreement with the MOSAiC observations. However, the sea-ice surface temperature in the model is generally lower than observed due to biases in the downwelling long-wave radiation and the lack of complex surface structures, like leads. The large eddy resolving turbulence closure yielded a better representation of the lower boundary layer under strongly stable stratification than the non-eddy-resolving turbulence closure. Furthermore, the integration of leads into the sea-ice surface reduced the overestimation of the sensible heat flux for different weather conditions. The results of this work help to better understand boundary layer processes in the central Arctic during the polar night. High-resolving mesoscale simulations are able to represent temporally and spatially small interactions and help to further develop parameterizations also for the application in regional and global models.

Type of Medium: Dissertations

Pages: xii, 110 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme

URL: https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-62437

URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-624374

DOI: 10.25932/publishup-62437

Language: English

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2023 , Contents 1. Introduction 2. Boundary Layers Types of the Atmosphere 2.1. The Convective Boundary Layer (CBL) 2.2. The Neutral Boundary Layer (NBL) 2.3. The Stable Boundary Layer (SBL) 3. The Closure problem 4. Model description 4.1. Applied model versions 4.2. Governing equations 4.3. Horizontal grid 4.4. Vertical grid 4.5. Lateral boundaries 4.6. Parametrizations 4.6.1. Radiation scheme 4.6.2. Microphysics 4.6.3. Mellor-Yamada scheme 4.6.4. Smagorinsky scheme 4.6.5. Sea ice scheme 4.7. Difference to classical LES Models 5. Experimental Setup 6. MOSAiC Measurements 6.1. ARM Meteorological tower 6.2. Radiosondes 7. Model evaluation for the central Arctic 7.1. Impact of the horizontal resolution 7.1.1. Under cold, light wind conditions 7.1.2. Under stormy conditions 7.2. Impact of the sea-ice scheme 7.3. Impact of the lower boundary conditions 7.4. Impact of the parametrization schemes under cold, light wind conditions 7.4.1. Near-surface variables 7.4.2. Vertical profiles 7.4.3. Surface fluxes 7.4.4. Boundary Layer Height 7.5. Impact of the parametrization schemes under stormy conditions 7.5.1. Near-surface variables 7.5.2. Vertical profiles 7.5.3. Surface fluxes 7.5.4. Boundary Layer height 8. Discussion and Summary Acknowledgements Appendix

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Cyclone impacts on sea ice in the Atlantic Arctic Ocean (2023)

Aue, Lars [VerfasserIn] ; Rex, Markus [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] [GutachterIn] ; Heinemann, Günther [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] ; [et al.]

Potsdam : Universität Potsdam

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Call number: AWI A5-24-95744

Description / Table of Contents: The Arctic is the hot spot of the ongoing, global climate change. Over the last decades, near-surface temperatures in the Arctic have been rising almost four times faster than on global average. This amplified warming of the Arctic and the associated rapid changes of its environment are largely influenced by interactions between individual components of the Arctic climate system. On daily to weekly time scales, storms can have major impacts on the Arctic sea-ice cover and are thus an important part of these interactions within the Arctic climate. The sea-ice impacts of storms are related to high wind speeds, which enhance the drift and deformation of sea ice, as well as to changes in the surface energy budget in association with air mass advection, which impact the seasonal sea-ice growth and melt. The occurrence of storms in the Arctic is typically associated with the passage of transient cyclones. Even though the above described mechanisms how storms/cyclones impact the Arctic sea ice are in principal known, there is a lack of statistical quantification of these effects. In accordance with that, the overarching objective of this thesis is to statistically quantify cyclone impacts on sea-ice concentration (SIC) in the Atlantic Arctic Ocean over the last four decades. In order to further advance the understanding of the related mechanisms, an additional objective is to separate dynamic and thermodynamic cyclone impacts on sea ice and assess their relative importance. Finally, this thesis aims to quantify recent changes in cyclone impacts on SIC. These research objectives are tackled utilizing various data sets, including atmospheric and oceanic reanalysis data as well as a coupled model simulation and a cyclone tracking algorithm. Results from this thesis demonstrate that cyclones are significantly impacting SIC in the Atlantic Arctic Ocean from autumn to spring, while there are mostly no significant impacts in summer. The strength and the sign (SIC decreasing or SIC increasing) of the cyclone impacts strongly depends on the considered daily time scale and the region of the Atlantic Arctic Ocean. Specifically, an initial decrease in SIC (day -3 to day 0 relative to the cyclone) is found in the Greenland, Barents and Kara Seas, while SIC increases following cyclones (day 0 to day 5 relative to the cyclone) are mostly limited to the Barents and Kara Seas. For the cold season, this results in a pronounced regional difference between overall (day -3 to day 5 relative to the cyclone) SIC-decreasing cyclone impacts in the Greenland Sea and overall SIC-increasing cyclone impacts in the Barents and Kara Seas. A cyclone case study based on a coupled model simulation indicates that both dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms contribute to cyclone impacts on sea ice in winter. A typical pattern consisting of an initial dominance of dynamic sea-ice changes followed by enhanced thermodynamic ice growth after the cyclone passage was found. This enhanced ice growth after the cyclone passage most likely also explains the (statistical) overall SIC-increasing effects of cyclones in the Barents and Kara Seas in the cold season. Significant changes in cyclone impacts on SIC over the last four decades have emerged throughout the year. These recent changes are strongly varying from region to region and month to month. The strongest trends in cyclone impacts on SIC are found in autumn in the Barents and Kara Seas. Here, the magnitude of destructive cyclone impacts on SIC has approximately doubled over the last four decades. The SIC-increasing effects following the cyclone passage have particularly weakened in the Barents Sea in autumn. As a consequence, previously existing overall SIC-increasing cyclone impacts in this region in autumn have recently disappeared. Generally, results from this thesis show that changes in the state of the sea-ice cover (decrease in mean sea-ice concentration and thickness) and near-surface air temperature are most important for changed cyclone impacts on SIC, while changes in cyclone properties (i.e. intensity) do not play a significant role.

Type of Medium: Dissertations

Pages: VIII, 131 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme

URL: https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-63445

URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-634458

DOI: 10.25932/publishup-63445

Language: English

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2024 , Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 The Arctic sea-ice cover 1.1.1 Sea ice in the coupled Arctic climate system 1.1.2 Recent changes of the Arctic sea ice 1.2 The atmosphere as driver of sea-ice variability 1.2.1 Large-scale circulation patterns 1.2.2 Role of cyclones 1.3 Thesis structure and research questions 2 Theory and methods 2.1 Synoptic cyclones 2.1.1 Related fundamentals of atmospheric dynamics 2.1.2 Cyclone activity in the Arctic 2.2 Cyclone tracking and cyclone occurrence mask 2.3 Dynamic and thermodynamic sea-ice variability related to cyclones 3 New insights into cyclone impacts on sea ice in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean in winter 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Data and methods 3.3.1 Database and cyclone identification 3.3.2 Quantification of cyclone impacts on SIC 3.4 Cyclone impacts on SIC 3.4.1 Effects of different time scales and regions 3.4.2 Effects of SIC conditions and cyclone depth 3.4.3 Spatial variability of SIC response to cyclones 3.4.4 Relation to near-surface wind and surface energy budget 3.5 Signature of ’New Arctic’ conditions 3.6 Conclusions 3.7 Supplementary material 4 Impact of three intense winter cyclones on the sea ice cover in the Barents Sea: A case study with a coupled regional climate model 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Data and methods 4.3.1 HIRHAM–NAOSIM simulation 4.3.2 Supplementary evaluation data 4.3.3 Dynamic and thermodynamic contributions to sea-ice changes 4.4 Results 4.4.1 Cyclone cases 4.4.2 Cyclone impacts on SEB 4.4.3 Cyclone impacts on sea-ice concentration (SIC) 4.4.4 Cyclone impacts on sea-ice thickness (SIT) 4.4.5 Context to other cyclone cases during the MOSAiC winter 4.5 Discussion and conclusions 4.6 Supplementary material 5 Cyclone impacts on sea ice concentration in the Atlantic Arctic Ocean: Annual cycle and recent changes 5.1 Abstract 5.2 Introduction 5.3 Data and methods 5.4 Changes in cyclones and traversed sea ice 5.5 Cyclone impacts on SIC 5.5.1 Annual cycle in the old Arctic 5.5.2 Changes in the new Arctic 5.5.3 Regional changes in autumn 5.6 Conclusions 5.7 Supplementary material 6 Conclusions and Outlook 6.1 What is the statistical impact of cyclone passages on sea-ice concentration (SIC) in the Atlantic Arctic Ocean? 6.2 What are the individual contributions of dynamic and thermodynamic processes to sea-ice changes related to cyclones? 6.3 Do the SIC impacts of cyclones change in a warming Arctic and what are the related mechanisms? 6.4 Ways forward Appendix: Cyclones modulate the control of the North Atlantic Oscillation on transports into the Barents Sea Bibliography

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Long-term bacteria-fungi-plant associations in permafrost soils inferred from palaeometagenomics (2023)

Hippel, Barbara von [VerfasserIn] ; Herzschuh, Ulrike [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] ; Liebner, Susanne [GutachterIn] ; [et al.]

Potsdam : Universität Potsdam

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Call number: AWI Bio-24-95742

Description / Table of Contents: The arctic is warming 2 – 4 times faster than the global average, resulting in a strong feedback on northern ecosystems such as boreal forests, which cover a vast area of the high northern latitudes. With ongoing global warming, the treeline subsequently migrates northwards into tundra areas. The consequences of turning ecosystems are complex: on the one hand, boreal forests are storing large amounts of global terrestrial carbon and act as a carbon sink, dragging carbon dioxide out of the global carbon cycle, suggesting an enhanced carbon uptake with increased tree cover. On the other hand, with the establishment of trees, the albedo effect of tundra decreases, leading to enhanced soil warming. Meanwhile, permafrost thaws, releasing large amounts of previously stored carbon into the atmosphere. So far, mainly vegetation dynamics have been assessed when studying the impact of warming onto ecosystems. Most land plants are living in close symbiosis with bacterial and fungal communities, sustaining their growth in nutrient poor habitats. However, the impact of climate change on these subsoil communities alongside changing vegetation cover remains poorly understood. Therefore, a better understanding of soil community dynamics on multi millennial timescales is inevitable when addressing the development of entire ecosystems. Unravelling long-term cross-kingdom dependencies between plant, fungi, and bacteria is not only a milestone for the assessment of warming on boreal ecosystems. On top, it also is the basis for agriculture strategies to sustain society with sufficient food in a future warming world. The first objective of this thesis was to assess ancient DNA as a proxy for reconstructing the soil microbiome (Manuscripts I, II, III, IV). Research findings across these projects enable a comprehensive new insight into the relationships of soil microorganisms to the surrounding vegetation. First, this was achieved by establishing (Manuscript I) and applying (Manuscript II) a primer pair for the selective amplification of ancient fungal DNA from lake sediment samples with the metabarcoding approach. To assess fungal and plant co-variation, the selected primer combination (ITS67, 5.8S) amplifying the ITS1 region was applied on samples from five boreal and arctic lakes. The obtained data showed that the establishment of fungal communities is impacted by warming as the functional ecological groups are shifting. Yeast and saprotroph dominance during the Late Glacial declined with warming, while the abundance of mycorrhizae and parasites increased with warming. The overall species richness was also alternating. The results were compared to shotgun sequencing data reconstructing fungi and bacteria (Manuscripts III, IV), yielding overall comparable results to the metabarcoding approach. Nonetheless, the comparison also pointed out a bias in the metabarcoding, potentially due to varying ITS lengths or copy numbers per genome. The second objective was to trace fungus-plant interaction changes over time (Manuscripts II, III). To address this, metabarcoding targeting the ITS1 region for fungi and the chloroplast P6 loop for plants for the selective DNA amplification was applied (Manuscript II). Further, shotgun sequencing data was compared to the metabarcoding results (Manuscript III). Overall, the results between the metabarcoding and the shotgun approaches were comparable, though a bias in the metabarcoding was assumed. We demonstrated that fungal shifts were coinciding with changes in the vegetation. Yeast and lichen were mainly dominant during the Late Glacial with tundra vegetation, while warming in the Holocene lead to the expansion of boreal forests with increasing mycorrhizae and parasite abundance. Aside, we highlighted that Pinaceae establishment is dependent on mycorrhizal fungi such as Suillineae, Inocybaceae, or Hyaloscypha species also on long-term scales. The third objective of the thesis was to assess soil community development on a temporal gradient (Manuscripts III, IV). Shotgun sequencing was applied on sediment samples from the northern Siberian lake Lama and the soil microbial community dynamics compared to ecosystem turnover. Alongside, podzolization processes from basaltic bedrock were recovered (Manuscript III). Additionally, the recovered soil microbiome was compared to shotgun data from granite and sandstone catchments (Manuscript IV, Appendix). We assessed if the establishment of the soil microbiome is dependent on the plant taxon and as such comparable between multiple geographic locations or if the community establishment is driven by abiotic soil properties and as such the bedrock area. We showed that the development of soil communities is to a great extent driven by the vegetation changes and temperature variation, while time only plays a minor role. The analyses showed general ecological similarities especially between the granite and basalt locations, while the microbiome on species-level was rather site-specific. A greater number of correlated soil taxa was detected for deep-rooting boreal taxa in comparison to grasses with shallower roots. Additionally, differences between herbaceous taxa of the late Glacial compared to taxa of the Holocene were revealed. With this thesis, I demonstrate the necessity to investigate subsoil community dynamics on millennial time scales as it enables further understanding of long-term ecosystem as well as soil development processes and such plant establishment. Further, I trace long-term processes leading to podzolization which supports the development of applied carbon capture strategies under future global warming.

Type of Medium: Dissertations

Pages: xii, 198 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme

URL: https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-63600

URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-636009

DOI: 10.25932/publishup-63600

Language: English

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2024 , Table of Contents Summary Deutsche Zusammenfassung 1 Introduction 1.1 Arctic ecosystems under global warming 1.2 The plant-associated microbiome 1.3 Drivers of soil development 1.4 Ancient DNA to unravel past ecosystems 1.4.1 Lake sediments as archives of past community changes 1.4.2 Metabarcoding for targeting specific communities 1.4.3 Shotgun sequencing for broader overview 1.5 Thesis objective 1.6 Thesis outline and author contributions 2 Manuscript I 2.1 Abstract 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Materials and Methods 2.3.1 Primer design and evaluation In silico analyses Evaluation of lake sediment core DNA for analyses of fungal paleoecology 2.4 Results Primer design and evaluation Evaluation of lake sediment core DNA for fungal paleoecology 2.4.1 Taxonomic resolution across the cores 2.4.2 Comprehensiveness: Rarefaction and accumulation curves 2.4.3 Amplicon length and GC content to assess bias through degradation 2.4.4 General taxonomic composition of fungi in Siberian lake sediment cores Diversity of fungal paleocommunities from lake CH12 2.5 Discussion 2.5.1 Preservation biases and potential contamination 2.5.2 Characteristics of the optimized sedaDNA ITS1 metabarcoding assay 2.5.3 Potential of lake sediment fungal DNA for paleoecology 2.6 Author contributions 2.7 Acknowledgements 2.8 Conflict of interest 2.9 References 3 Manuscript II 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Geographic setting and study sites 3.4 Materials and Methods 3.4.1 Sampling 3.4.2 DNA extraction and amplification 3.4.3 Bioinformatic analysis 3.4.4 Assessment of negative controls and contamination 3.4.5 Statistical analysis and visualization 3.5 Results 3.5.1 Fungi: sedaDNA sequencing results and overall patterns of alpha diversity and taxonomic composition 3.5.2 Vegetation: sedaDNA sequencing results and overall patterns of alpha diversity and taxonomic composition 3.5.3 Site-specific plant-fungus covariation 3.5.3.1 Fungus and plant covariation in arctic Siberia from MIS3 to the Holocene 3.5.3.2 Quantitative relationships between fungi and plant richness and composition 3.6 Discussion 3.6.1 Fungus and plant diversity along a spatiotemporal gradient in Siberia 3.6.2 Changes in ecosystem functioning over a spatiotemporal gradient 3.6.3 Implications of our results for ecosystem functioning and future research avenues 3.7 Conclusions Funding Availability of data and material Author contribution Declaration of competing interest Acknowledgements 3.8 References 4 Manuscript III 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Results and Discussion 4.3.1 Compositional changes of plants, fungi, and bacteria in ancient metagenomic datasets 4.3.2 Long-term soil development: a trajectory or environmentally driven processes? 4.3.3 Bioweathering supported by lichens and mycorrhiza 4.3.4 Turnover in carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur cycling 4.3.5 Tracing podzolization 4.4 Implications and conclusions 4.5 Material and methods 4.5.1 Geographical setting and study site 4.5.2 X-ray fluorescence scanning of the sediment core 4.5.3 Core sub-sampling 4.5.4 DNA extraction 4.5.5 Single stranded DNA library build 4.5.6 Bioinformatic pipeline for the analysis of the sequencing results 4.5.7 Data analysis 4.5.8 Analysis of the ancient patterns 4.5.9 Statistical analysis of the dataset Acknowledgements 4.6 References Declarations 5 Discussion and synthesis 5.1 Long-term rhizosphere establishment in tundra and taiga areas 5.1.1 SedaDNA as a proxy for soil microbiome 5.1.1.1 Fungal DNA metabarcoding 5.1.1.2 Targeting soil communities with shotgun sequencing 5.1.1.3 Comparison between metabarcoding and shotgun sequencing for the soil microbiome 5.1.2 Fungi-vegetation interaction changes over time 5.1.3 Soil development on a temporal gradient 5.2 Conclusion and future perspectives 6 References 7 Appendix 7.1 Appendix to manuscript I 7.2 Appendix to manuscript II 7.3 Appendix to manuscript III 7.4 Manuscript IV 7.4.1 Abstract 7.4.2 Introduction 7.4.3 Geographical setting and study sites 7.4.4 Material & Methods 7.4.4.1 Sub-sampling of the sediment cores 7.4.4.2 DNA extraction 7.4.4.3 Single stranded DNA library built 7.4.4.4 Bioinformatic pipeline for the analysis of the sequencing data 7.4.4.5 Data analysis 7.4.4.6 Statistical analysis of the datasets 7.4.5 Results 7.4.5.1 Compositional changes of representative plant taxa alongside dynamics in fungal ecologies and bacterial element cycling in ancient metagenomic datasets 7.4.5.2 Impact of abiotic and biotic drivers on soil establishment across geographical locations 7.4.5.3 Relative positive correlations of functional soil taxa with plants across the locations 7.4.5.4 Assessment of the plant taxon-specific microbiome across the locations 7.4.6 Discussion 7.4.6.1 Site-specific soil development 7.4.6.2 Differences in the bedrock 7.4.6.3 Correlation between the lake biota 7.4.6.3.1 General Trends in positively correlated rhizosphere taxa 7.4.6.3.2 Plant taxa specific microbiome 7.4.7 Implications and future directions 7.4.8 References 7.4.9 Supplement to manuscript IV Acknowledgements Eidesstattliche Erklärung Damage pattern analysis – Auflagen Doktorarbeit Summary Main References

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Dissertations

Herkunft und Ablagerungsmilieu quartärer Sedimente im Einzugsgebiet des Heihe, NW China (2020)

Schimpf, Stefan [VerfasserIn] ; Diekmann, Bernhard [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] ; Böse, Margot [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] ; [et al.]

Potsdam : Universität Potsdam

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Call number: AWI G3-20-93985

Description / Table of Contents: Der zentralasiatische Naturraum, wie er sich uns heute präsentiert, ist das Ergebnis eines Zusammenwirkens vieler verschiedener Faktoren über Jahrmillionen hinweg. Im aktuellen Kontext des Klimawandels zeigt sich jedoch, wie stark sich Stoffflüsse auch kurzfristig ändern und dabei das Gesicht der Landschaft verwandeln können. Die Gobi-Wüste in der Inneren Mongolei (China), als Teil der gleichnamigen Trockenregionen Nordwestchinas, ist aufgrund der Ausgestaltung ihrer landschaftsprägenden Elemente sowie ihrer Landschaftsdynamik, im Zusammenhang mit der Lage zum Tibet-Plateau, in den Fokus der klimageschichtlichen Grundlagenforschung gerückt. Als großes Langzeitarchiv unterschiedlichster fluvialer, lakustriner und äolischer Sedimente stellt sie eine bedeutende Lokalität zur Rekonstruktion von lokalen und regionalen Stoffflüssen dar.. Andererseits ist die Gobi-Wüste zugleich auch eine bedeutende Quelle für den überregionalen Staubtransport, da sie aufgrund der klimatischen Bedingungen insbesondere der Erosion durch Ausblasung preisgegeben wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund erfolgten zwischen 2011 und 2014, im Rahmen des BMBF-Verbundprogramms WTZ Zentralasien – Monsundynamik & Geoökosysteme (Förderkennzeichen 03G0814), mehrere deutsch-chinesische Expeditionen in das Ejina-Becken (Innere Mongolei) und das Qilian Shan-Vorland. Im Zuge dieser Expeditionen wurden für eine Bestimmung potenzieller Sedimentquellen erstmals zahlreiche Oberflächenproben aus dem gesamten Einzugsgebiet des Heihe (schwarzer Fluss) gesammelt. Zudem wurden mit zwei Bohrungen im inneren des Ejina-Beckens, ergänzende Sedimentbohrkerne zum bestehenden Bohrkern D100 (siehe Wünnemann (2005)) abgeteuft, um weit reichende, ergänzende Informationen zur Landschaftsgeschichte und zum überregionalen Sedimenttransfer zu erhalten. Gegenstand und Ziel der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit ist die sedimentologisch-mineralogische Charakterisierung des Untersuchungsgebietes in Bezug auf potenzielle Sedimentquellen und Stoffflüsse des Ejina-Beckens sowie die Rekonstruktion der Ablagerungsgeschichte eines dort erbohrten, 19m langen Sedimentbohrkerns (GN100). Schwerpunkt ist hierbei die Klärung der Sedimentherkunft innerhalb des Bohrkerns sowie die Ausweisung von Herkunftssignalen und möglichen Sedimentquellen bzw. Sedimenttransportpfaden. Die methodische Herangehensweise basiert auf einem Multi-Proxy-Ansatz zur Charakterisierung der klastischen Sedimentfazies anhand von Geländebeobachtungen, lithologisch-granulometrischen und mineralogisch-geochemischen Analysen sowie statistischen Verfahren. Für die mineralogischen Untersuchungen der Sedimente wurde eine neue, rasterelektronenmikroskopische Methode zur automatisierten Partikelanalyse genutzt und den traditionellen Methoden gegenübergestellt. Die synoptische Betrachtung der granulometrischen, geochemischen und mineralogischen Befunde der Oberflächensedimente ergibt für das Untersuchungsgebiet ein logisches Kaskadenmodell mit immer wiederkehrenden Prozessbereichen und ähnlichen Prozesssignalen. Die umfangreichen granulometrischen Analysen deuten dabei auf abnehmende Korngrößen mit zunehmender Entfernung vom Qilian Shan hin und ermöglichen die Identifizierung von vier texturellen Signalen: den fluvialen Sanden, den Dünensanden, den Stillwassersedimenten und Stäuben. Diese Ergebnisse können als Interpretationsgrundlage für die Korngrößenanalysen des Bohrkerns genutzt werden. Somit ist es möglich, die Ablagerungsgeschichte der Bohrkernsedimente zu rekonstruieren und in Verbindung mit eigenen und literaturbasierten Datierungen in einen Gesamtkontext einzuhängen. Für das Untersuchungsgebiet werden somit vier Ablagerungsphasen ausgewiesen, die bis in die Zeit des letzten glazialen Maximums (LGM) zurückreichen. Während dieser Ablagerungsphasen kam es im Zuge unterschiedlicher Aktivitäts- und Stabilitätsphasen zu einer kontinuierlichen Progradation und Überprägung des Schwemmfächers. Eine besonders aktive Phase kann zwischen 8 ka und 4 ka BP festgestellt werden, während der es aufgrund zunehmender fluvialer Aktivitäten zu einer deutlich verstärkten Schwemmfächerdynamik gekommen zu sein scheint. In den Abschnitten davor und danach waren es vor allem äolische Prozesse, die zu einer Überprägung des Schwemmfächers geführt haben. Hinsichtlich der mineralogischen Herkunftssignale gibt es eine große Variabilität. Dies spiegelt die enorme Heterogenität der Geologie des Untersuchungsgebietes wider, wodurch die räumlichen Signale nicht sehr stark ausgeprägt sind. Dennoch, können für das Einzugsgebiet drei größere Bereiche deklariert werden, die als Herkunftsgebiet in Frage kommen. Das östliche Qilian Shan Vorland zeichnet sich dabei durch deutlich höhere Chloritgehalte als primäre Quelle für die Sedimente im Ejina-Becken aus. Sie unterscheiden sich insbesondere durch stark divergierende Chloritgehalte in der Tonmineral- und Gesamtmineralfraktion, was das östliche Qilian Shan Vorland als primäre Quelle für die Sedimente im Ejina-Becken auszeichnet. Dies steht in Zusammenhang mit den Grünschiefern, Ophioliten und Serpentiniten in diesem Bereich. Geochemisch deutet vor allem das Cr/Rb-Verhältnis eine große Variabilität innerhalb des Einzugsgebietes an. Auch hier ist es das östliche Vorland, welches aufgrund seines hohen Anteils an mafischen Gesteinen reich an Chromiten und Spinellen ist und sich somit vom restlichen Untersuchungsgebiet abhebt. Die zeitliche aber auch die generelle Variabilität der Sedimentherkunft lässt sich in den Bohrkernsedimenten nicht so deutlich nachzeichnen. Die mineralogisch-sedimentologischen Eigenschaften der erbohrten klastischen Sedimente zeugen zwar von zwischenzeitlichen Änderungen bei der Sedimentherkunft, diese sind jedoch nicht so deutlich ausgeprägt, wie es die Quellsignale in den Oberflächensedimenten vermuten lassen. Ein Grund dafür scheint die starke Vermischung unterschiedlichster Sedimente während des Transportes zu sein. Die Kombination der Korngrößenergebnisse mit den Befunden der Gesamt- und Schwermineralogie deuten darauf hin, dass es zwischenzeitlich eine Phase mit überwiegend äolischen Prozessen gegeben hat, die mit einem Sedimenteintrag aus dem westlichen Bei Shan in Verbindung stehen. Neben der Zunahme ultrastabiler Schwerminerale wie Zirkon und Granat und der Abnahme opaker Schwerminerale, weisen vor allem die heutigen Verhältnisse darauf hin. Der Vergleich der traditionellen Schwermineralanalyse mit der Computer-Controlled-Scanning-Electron-Microscopy (kurz: CCSEM), die eine automatisierte Partikelauswertung der Proben ermöglicht, zeigt den deutlichen Vorteil der modernen Analysemethode. Neben einem zeitlichen Vorteil, den man durch die automatisierte Abarbeitung der vorbereiteten Proben erlangen kann, steht vor allem die deutlich größere statistische Signifikanz des Ergebnisses im Vordergrund. Zudem können mit dieser Methode auch chemische Varietäten einiger Schwerminerale bestimmt werden, die eine noch feinere Klassifizierung und sicherere Aussagen zu einer möglichen Sedimentherkunft ermöglichen. Damit ergeben sich außerdem verbesserte Aussagen zu Zusammensetzungen und Entstehungsprozessen der abgelagerten Sedimente. Die Studie verdeutlicht, dass die Sedimentherkunft innerhalb des Untersuchungsgebietes sowie die ablaufenden Prozesse zum Teil stark von lokalen Gegebenheiten abhängen. Die Heterogenität der Geologie und die Größe des Einzugsgebietes sowie die daraus resultierende Komplexität der Sedimentgenese, machen exakte Zuordnungen zu klar definierten Sedimentquellen sehr schwer. Dennoch zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass die Sedimentzufuhr in das Ejina-Becken in erster Linie durch fluviale klastische Sedimente des Heihe aus dem Qilian Shan erfolgt sein muss. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse zeigen jedoch ebenso die Notwendigkeit einer ergänzenden Bearbeitung angrenzender Untersuchungsgebiete, wie beispielsweise den Gobi-Altai im Norden oder den Beishan im Westen, sowie die Verdichtung der Oberflächenbeprobung zur feineren Auflösung von lokalen Sedimentquellen.

Type of Medium: Dissertations

Pages: xi, 186 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

Language: German

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2020 , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Zusammenfassung Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 1.1 Einleitung 1.2 Wissenschaftliches Ziel 2 Stand der Forschung 3 Einführung in das Untersuchungsgebiet 3.1 Lage und Physiogeographie 3.2 Geologie 3.3 Geomorphologie 3.3.1 Ejina-Becken 3.3.2 Hexi-Korridor & Qilian Shan 3.4 Klima 4 Methoden 4.1 Probennahme - Strategie und Bohrung 4.2 Probenpräparation 4.3 Tonmineralanalyse 4.4 Schwermineralanalyse 4.4.1 Probenpräparation 4.4.2 Polarisationsmikroskopie 4.4.3 Röntgendiffraktometrie (XRD) 4.4.4 Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy (CCSEM) 4.5 Gesamtmineralogie (XRD) 4.6 Gesamtgeochemie (XRF) 4.6.1 Röntgenfluoreszenz (Einzelproben Analyse) 4.6.2 Röntgenfluoreszenz (Kernscan) 4.7 Korngrößenanalyse 4.8 Geochronologie 4.9 Räumliche Datenanalyse 5 Ergebnisse 5.1 Oberflächensedimente 5.1.1 Probensätze 5.1.2 Korngrößenanalyse 5.1.3 Gesamtmineralogie (XRD) 5.1.4 Gesamtgeochemie (XRF) 5.1.5 Tonmineralogie 5.1.6 Schwermineralogie 5.2 Bohrkern GN100 5.2.1 Lithostratigraphie 5.2.2 Korngrößenanalyse 5.2.3 Gesamtmineralogie (XRD) 5.2.4 Gesamtgeochemie (XRF) 5.2.5 Tonmineralogie 5.2.6 Schwermineralogie 5.2.7 Datierungen 6 Diskussion 6.1 Korngrößenvariationen und texturelle Signale der Oberflächensedimente 6.2 Mineralogische und geochemische Herkunftssignale der Oberflächensedimente 6.2.1 Gesamtmineralogie (XRD) 6.2.2 Gesamtgeochemie (XRF) 6.2.3 Tonmineralogie 6.2.4 Schwermineralogie 6.3 Heutige Sedimenttransportpfade - Synoptische Betrachtung der aktuellen Oberflächensignale 6.4 Korngrößenvariationen und texturelle Signale der Bohrkernsedimente (GN100) 6.5 Mineralogische und geochemische Herkunftssignale der Bohrkernsedimente (GN100) 6.6 Zeitliche Dimension des Sedimenteintrags - Ablagerungsgeschichte des Bohrkerns GN100 6.6.1 Darstellung der Sedimentherkunft und Ablagerungsgeschichte im Untersuchungsgebiet Schlussfolgerungen Literaturverzeichnis Anhang

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Methanogenic communities and metaplasmidome-encoded functions in permafrost environments exposed to thaw (2020)

Holm, Stine [VerfasserIn] ; Wagner, Dirk [GutachterIn] [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] ; Priemé, Anders [GutachterIn] ; [et al.]

Potsdam : Universität Potsdam

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Call number: AWI Bio-21-94540

Description / Table of Contents: This thesis investigates how the permafrost microbiota responds to global warming. In detail, the constraints behind methane production in thawing permafrost were linked to methanogenic activity, abundance and composition. Furthermore, this thesis offers new insights into microbial adaptions to the changing environmental conditions during global warming. This was assesed by investigating the potential ecological relevant functions encoded by plasmid DNA within the permafrost microbiota. Permafrost of both interglacial and glacial origin spanning the Holocene to the late Pleistocene, including Eemian, were studied during long-term thaw incubations. Furthermore, several permafrost cores of different stratigraphy, soil type and vegetation cover were used to target the main constraints behind methane production during short-term thaw simulations. Short- and long-term incubations simulating thaw with and without the addition of substrate were combined with activity measurements, amplicon and metagenomic sequencing of permanently frozen and seasonally thawed active layer. Combined, it allowed to address the following questions. i) What constraints methane production when permafrost thaws and how is this linked to methanogenic activity, abundance and composition? ii) How does the methanogenic community composition change during long-term thawing conditions? iii) Which potential ecological relevant functions are encoded by plasmid DNA in active layer soils? The major outcomes of this thesis are as follows. i) Methane production from permafrost after long-term thaw simulation was found to be constrained mainly by the abundance of methanogens and the archaeal community composition. Deposits formed during periods of warmer temperatures and increased precipitation, (here represented by deposits from the Late Pleistocene of both interstadial and interglacial periods) were found to respond strongest to thawing conditions and to contain an archaeal community dominated by methanogenic archaea (40% and 100% of all detected archaea). Methanogenic population size and carbon density were identified as main predictors for potential methane production in thawing permafrost in short-term incubations when substrate was sufficiently available. ii) Besides determining the methanogenic activity after long-term thaw, the paleoenvironmental conditions were also found to influence the response of the methanogenic community composition. Substantial shifts within methanogenic community structure and a drop in diversity were observed in deposits formed during warmer periods, but not in deposits from stadials, when colder and drier conditions occurred. Overall, a shift towards a dominance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens was observed in all samples, except for the oldest interglacial deposits from the Eemian, which displayed a potential dominance of acetoclastic methanogens. The Eemian, which is discussed to serve as an analogue to current climate conditions, contained highly active methanogenic communities. However, all potential limitation of methane production after permafrost thaw, it means methanogenic community structure, methanogenic population size, and substrate pool might be overcome after permafrost had thawed on the long-term. iii) Enrichments with soil from the seasonally thawed active layer revealed that its plasmid DNA (‘metaplasmidome’) carries stress-response genes. In particular it encoded antibiotic resistance genes, heavy metal resistance genes, cold shock proteins and genes encoding UV-protection. Those are functions that are directly involved in the adaptation of microbial communities to stresses in polar environments. It was further found that metaplasmidomes from the Siberian active layer originate mainly from Gammaproteobacteria. By applying enrichment cultures followed by plasmid DNA extraction it was possible to obtain a higher average contigs length and significantly higher recovery of plasmid sequences than from extracting plasmid sequences from metagenomes. The approach of analyzing ‘metaplasmidomes’ established in this thesis is therefore suitable for studying the ecological role of plasmids in polar environments in general. This thesis emphasizes that including microbial community dynamics have the potential to improve permafrost-carbon projections. Microbially mediated methane release from permafrost environments may significantly impact future climate change. This thesis identified drivers of methanogenic composition, abundance and activity in thawing permafrost landscapes. Finally, this thesis underlines the importance to study how the current warming Arctic affects microbial communities in order to gain more insight into microbial response and adaptation strategies.

Type of Medium: Dissertations

Pages: VI, 243 Seiten , Diagramme, Illustrationen

Language: English

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2020 , Contents Preface Acknowledgements Contents Summary Zusammenfassung List of abbreviations Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Carbon storage in Arctic permafrost environments and the permafrost carbon feedback (PCF) 1.3 Methane cycling microorganisms 1.4 The microbial ecology of permafrost 1.5 Plasmids and their potential role in stress tolerance 1.6 Objectives Chapter 2. Study sites 2.1 Regional settings 2.2 Kurungnakh and Samoylov Island 2.3 Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island 2.4 Herschel Island Chapter 3. Manuscripts 3.1 Overview of manuscripts, including contribution of co-authors. 3.2 Manuscript I Methanogenic response to long-term permafrost thaw is determined by paleoenvironment 3.3 Manuscript II Methane production in thawing permafrost is constrained by methanogenic population size and carbon density 3.4 Manuscript III Metaplasmidome-encoded functional potential of permafrost active layer soils Chapter 4. Synthesis 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Constraints behind methane production from thawing permafrost 4.3 The methanogenic community response to long-term permafrost thaw 4.4 The adaptive potential of the permafrost micro biota to cope with stress factors during global warming 4.5 Conclusion Chapter 5. Future research directions and perspectives Chapter 6. References Chapter 7. Appendix 7.1 Supporting information for manuscript I 7.2 Supporting information for manuscript II 7.3 Supporting information for manuscript III 7.4 ESR collaboration, manuscript IV

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Multispectral time series analyses with Landsat and Sentinel-2 to assess permafrost disturbances in North Siberia (2021)

Runge, Alexandra [VerfasserIn] ; Hostert, Patrick [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] ; Bartsch, Annett [AkademischeR BetreuerIn] ; [et al.]

Potsdam : Universität Potsdam

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Call number: AWI G3-22-94687

Description / Table of Contents: Permafrost is warming globally, which leads to widespread permafrost thaw and impacts the surrounding landscapes, ecosystems and infrastructure. Especially ice-rich permafrost is vulnerable to rapid and abrupt thaw, resulting from the melting of excess ground ice. Local remote sensing studies have detected increasing rates of abrupt permafrost disturbances, such as thermokarst lake change and drainage, coastal erosion and RTS in the last two decades. All of which indicate an acceleration of permafrost degradation. In particular retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS) are abrupt disturbances that expand by up to several meters each year and impact local and regional topographic gradients, hydrological pathways, sediment and nutrient mobilisation into aquatic systems, and increased permafrost carbon mobilisation. The feedback between abrupt permafrost thaw and the carbon cycle is a crucial component of the Earth system and a relevant driver in global climate models. However, an assessment of RTS at high temporal resolution to determine the ...

Type of Medium: Dissertations

Pages: xxiv, 134 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten

URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-522062

URL: https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-52206

URL: https://d-nb.info/1244920126/34

URL: https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/52206

URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-522062

DOI: 10.25932/publishup-52206

Language: English

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2021 , Table of Contents Abstract Zusammenfassung List of Figures List of Tables Abbreviations 1 Introduction 1.1 Scientific background and motivation 1.1.1 Permafrost and climate change 1.1.2 Permafrost thaw and disturbances 1.1.3 Abrupt permafrost disturbances 1.1.4 Remote sensing 1.1.5 Remote sensing of permafrost disturbances 1.2 Aims and objectives 1.3 Study area 1.4 General data and methods 1.4.1 Landsat and Sentinel-2 1.4.2 Google Earth Engine 1.5 Thesis structure 1.6 Overview of publications and authors’ contribution 1.6.1 Chapter 2 - Comparing Spectral Characteristics of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 Same-Day Data for Arctic-Boreal Regions 1.6.2 Chapter 3 - Mosaicking Landsat and Sentinel-2 Data to Enhance LandTrendr Time Series Analysis in Northern High Latitude Permafrost Regions 1.6.3 Chapter 4 - Remote Sensing Annual Dynamics of Rapid Permafrost Thaw Disturbances with LandTrendr 2 Comparing Spectral Characteristics of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 Same-Day Data for Arctic-Boreal Regions 2.1 Abstract 2.2 Introduction 2.3 Materials and Methods 2.3.1 Study Sites 2.3.2 Data 2.3.3 Data Processing 2.3.3.1 Filtering Image Collections 2.3.3.2 Creating L8, S2, and Site Masks 2.3.3.3 Preparing Sentinel-2 Surface Reflectance Images in SNAP 2.3.3.4 Applying Site Masks 2.3.4 Spectral Band Comparison and Adjustment 2.4 Results 2.4.1 Spectral Band Comparison 2.4.2 Spectral Band Adjustment 2.4.3 ES and HLS Spectral Band Adjustment 2.5 Discussion 2.6 Conclusions 2.7 Acknowledgements 2.8 Appendix Chapter 2 3 Mosaicking Landsat and Sentinel-2 Data to Enhance LandTrendr Time Series Analysis in Northern High Latitude Permafrost Regions 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Materials and Methods 3.3.1 Study Sites 3.3.2 Data 3.3.3 Data Processing and Mosaicking Workflow 3.3.4 Data Availability Assessment 3.3.5 Mosaic Coverage and Quality Assessment 3.4 Results 3.4.1 Data Availability Assessment 3.4.2 Mosaic Coverage and Quality Assessment 3.5 Discussion 3.6 Conclusions 4 Remote Sensing Annual Dynamics of Rapid Permafrost Thaw Disturbances with LandTrendr 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Study Area and Methods 4.3.1 Study area 4.3.2 General workflow and ground truth data 4.3.3 Data and LandTrendr 4.3.4 Index selection 4.3.5 Temporal Segmentation 4.3.6 Spectral Filtering 4.3.7 Spatial masking and filtering 4.3.8 Machine-learning object filter 4.4 Results 4.4.1 Focus sites 4.4.2 North Siberia 4.5 Discussion 4.5.1 Mapping of RTS 4.5.2 Spatio-temporal variability of RTS dynamics 4.5.3 LT-LS2 capabilities and limitations 4.6 Conclusion 4.7 Appendix 5 Synthesis and Discussion 5.1 Google Earth Engine 5.2 Landsat and Sentinel-2 5.3 Image mosaics and disturbance detection algorithm 5.4 Mapping RTS and their annual temporal dynamics 5.5 Limitations and technical considerations 5.6 Key findings 5.7 Outlook References Acknowledgements

Location: AWI Reading room

Branch Library: AWI Library

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Hofmannsthal Jahrbuch zur Europäischen Moderne (2021)

Wunberg, Gotthart ; Renner, Ursula ; Schnitzler, Günter ; [et al.]

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2022-02-01

Description: Das Hofmannsthal-Jahrbuch ist weltweit das wichtigste Organ der Hofmannsthal-Forschung. Es bietet neben der Veröffentlichung bisher unpublizierter Briefwechsel Beiträge namhafter Wissenschaftler zur europäischen Kultur der Moderne: Henriette von Motesiczky: »Erinnerungen« Rudolf Kassner an Marie von Thurn und Taxis Briefe (1902–1933) und Dokumente, Teil II: 1907–1933 Paul Bourget: Théorie de la décadence Maria Euchner: Of Words, Bloody Deeds, and Bestial Oblivion: Hamlet and Elektra Heinz Rölleke: Rainer Maria Rilkes »Alkestis« und Hofmannsthals »Jedermann«. Parallelen und Einflüsse Gabriele Brandstetter: Harry Graf Kessler und die ›Ballets Russes‹. Plastische Körperkunst Nijinskys im Kontext der europäischen Moderne Daniel Hilpert: ›Triumph des Körpers‹. Literarische Eugenik in Frank Wedekinds »Mine-Haha oder Über die körperliche Erziehung der jungen Mädchen« und »Hidalla«

Keywords: PN1-6790

Language: English

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European Union - The Second Founding (2021)

Kühnhardt, Ludger

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-02-01

Description: The author is presenting a broadly structured study about the first fifty years of European integration, its geopolitical context and academic reflection. His study is based on the two-fold thesis that since a few years, the European Union is going through a process of its Second Founding while simultaneously changing its rationale.

Keywords: Political Science ; eu ; european union ; integration ; european integration ; Member state of the European Union ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations

Language: English

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Die Mimikry des Völkerrechts (2021)

Keller-Kemmerer, Nina

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: "To this day, the history of international law is dominated by a Eurocentric historiography in which non-European worlds play a passive role at best. Master narratives of universalisation and progress may include their histories; however, they appear not in the form of actors, but as mere receivers. By analysing the first Hispano-American textbook on international law, this transdisciplinary study questions this narrative of passivity. In his compendium, published in 1833, the Chilean polymath Andrés Bello translated European doctrines of international law for use in the context of the “New World”. Using a postcolonial approach, the study demonstrates that the imitation of the European discourse on international law was not a purely passive and submissive act, but deeply ambivalent behaviour which opens up a space for resistance and is reminiscent of Homi K. Bhabha’s concept of mimicry."

Keywords: KZ2-6785 ; Andres ; Reinheit ; Mimikry ; Globalgeschichte ; 19. Jahrhundert ; Bellos ; Völkerrecht ; Originalität ; Andres Bellos ; Eklektizismus ; kulturelle Übersetzung ; Principios de Derecho Internacional ; Hispanoamerika ; hispanoamerikanische Unabhängigkeit ; Zivilisierungsmission ; Othering ; Postkolonialismus ; Nichtintervention ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBT History: specific events & topics::HBTZ Genocide & ethnic cleansing

Language: German

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Eine Kritik juridischer Vernunft (2021)

Stekeler-Weithofer, Pirmin

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: "Hegels Rechtsphilosophie ist eine Art Logik der bürgerlichen Person im Sinne eines begrifflichen Kommentars zur Institution rechtsstaatlicher Gesetze. Sie analysiert methodische Stufen in der Ordnung explizit geregelter Praxisformen und kritisiert das klassische Naturrecht in seinem Intuitionismus und Kants Ethik in ihrem Formalismus. Das Institut des Eigentums rekonstruiert sie als erfahrungsgesättigte sittliche Form bürgerlicher Freiheit, auch wenn es im reinen Kapitalismus seinen Sinn verfehlen kann. Dabei sind übliche Fehldeutungen etwa von Idee und Begriff, Geist und Natur, Wille und Freiheit, dem Staat und einer der Form nach immer auch monarchischen Regierung zu vermeiden. Es geht damit um die Wiederentdeckung von Hegel als dem sozialliberalen Philosophen der Freiheit und um die Abwehr des Geredes von einem Staatsphilosophen. Die Neuerscheinung richtet sich an Lehrende und Studierende der Rechts-, Sozial- und Staatswissenschaften und der Philosophie. Der Autor ist philosophischer Logiker und Universitätsprofessor mit besonderem Forschungsschwerpunkt in der sprachanalytischen und in der klassischen deutschen Philosophie."

Keywords: K1-7720 ; B1-5802 ; Allgemeine Grundlagen des Rechts ; Rechtsmethodik ; Methodenlehre ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: German

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Gebot, Vertrag, Sitte (2021)

Hofmann, Hasso

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Die Frage nach der Verbindlichkeit des Rechts, die Frage also, ob dem Recht über seine äußere Zwangsgewalt hinaus eine verpflichtende Kraft zukomme, versteht sich nicht von selbst. Hat der aus der Trennung von Recht und Moral entspringende Rechtspositivismus doch zu der These geführt, daß das Recht – rein rechtlich betrachtet – zu nichts verpflichte. Das widerspricht allerdings den vorherrschenden sozialen Anschauungen. Sie verlangen folglich nach einer Begründung für den dem Recht zugeschriebenen Anspruch verbindlicher Maßgeblichkeit. Demgemäß ranken sich um die Idee solcher Normativität des Rechts Vorstellungen, Bilder und Begriffe, die eine innere Bindung durch Recht plausibel zu machen suchen. Es wird gezeigt, daß sich diese Konnotationen der Idee der Rechtsverbindlichkeit auf drei Grundfiguren zurückführen lassen, die der Grammatik der persönlichen Fürwörter korrespondieren.Der Autor ist Professor für Öffentliches Recht, Rechts- und Staatsphilosophie an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.

Keywords: K1-7720 ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: German

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Strategien der Humanität (2024)

Höffe, Otfried

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | Karl Alber

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Publication Date: 2024-02-01

Description: Published

Description: Höffes Studie wendet sich gegen eine ethische Neutralisierung der Politik und ihrer wissenschaftlich-philosophischen Theorie. Als »Strategien der Humanität« gelten jene Prozesse öffentlicher Entscheidungsfindung, die sich der ethisch-pragmatischen Grundaufgabe zeitgenössischer Demokratien stellen, Prinzipien der Humanität, vor allem der politischen Gerechtigkeit, mit den Funktionsanforderungen hochkomplexer Industriegesellschaften und ihren jeweiligen Randbedingungen auf methodischem Weg zu vermitteln. Im ersten Teil werden verschiedene Spielarten des Paradigmas »Nutzenkalkulation« kritisiert, im zweiten Teil Bausteine zu einer kommunikativen Entscheidungstheorie entwickelt.

Keywords: Entscheidung ; HP

Language: German

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Franz Rosenzweig (2024)

Schmied-Kowarzik, Wolfdietrich

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | Karl Alber

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Publication Date: 2024-01-29

Description: Published

Description: Franz Rosenzweig ist bei uns - bedingt durch die nationalsozialistische Judenverfolgung - immer noch ein weitgehend Unbekannter. Dabei hatte er allein schon mit seinem zweibändigen Werk "Hegel und der Staat" (1920) wesentlich zur Neubelebung der gesellschafts- und geschichtsphilosophischen Diskussion beigetragen. Umwälzender ist jedoch der existenzphilosophische Neuansatz, den Rosenzweig mit seinem Hauptwerk "Der Stern der Erlösung" (1921) vorlegte. Es ist dies nicht nur eines der bedeutenden theologischen Werke des 20. Jahrhunderts, dessen Herausforderung - wenn auch verspätet - von den christlichen Kirchen heute mehr und mehr erkannt und aufgenommen wird, sondern das ihm zugrunde liegende Neue Denken ist auch in fundamentaltheologischer Hinsicht von einschneidender Bedeutung. An der kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Deutschen Idealismus gereift, wirft Rosenzweig die grundlegenden Fragen nach der negativen Begrenztheit unseres Denkens, dem existentiellen Grund unseres Daseins, nach dessen Zeitlichkeit und Sprachlichkeit sowie nach dem Anderen und dem Wir der Gemeinschaft auf - Fragen, die auch heute noch die philosophische Gegenwartsdiskussion bestimmen. Den vorliegenden Studien geht es um eine einführende Vergegenwärtigung der Existenzphilosophie Rosenzweigs von unterschiedlichen Aspekten her. sie versuchen sich dem Neuen Denken Rosenzweigs vor allem vom Entstehungskontext aus den Gesprächen mit den Freunden - Hans Ehrenberg, Eugen Rosenstock, Martin Buber - zu nähern. ihr Ziel ist jedoch kein philosophiegeschichtliches, sondern die Vermittlung der existentiellen Fragen Rosenzweigs an uns.

Keywords: Philosophie ; HP

Language: German

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Europe - Against the Tide (2021)

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2021-12-24

Description: Was sind die gegenwärtigen Herausforderungen der Europäischen Union? Wie reagiert sie auf internationale Veränderungen und Krisen? Und wie antwortet sie auf ihre Kritiker in den Mitgliedsstaaten? 16 Beiträge von internationalen Experten geben auf diese Fragen eine Antwort.

Keywords: Political Science ; Comparative Politics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPB Comparative politics

Language: English

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Der Andere und die Reflexion (2023)

Wroblewski, Thorsten

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | Verlag Karl Alber

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Publication Date: 2023-07-10

Description: Published

Description: Während der alltägliche Umgang mit anderen Menschen in aller Regel gelingt, wird der Andere der philosophischen Reflexion zum Problem: er widersetzt sich jeder Konstitution durch das transzendentale Subjekt. Fast scheint es, als zerstöre die Reflexion hier die Unmittelbarkeit, mit der uns der Andere phänomenal begegnet. Der Autor unternimmt im vorliegenden Werk eine kleistsche 'Reise um die Welt' entlang der Denkwege bedeutender Autoren der existenzphilosophischen Phänomenologie: Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre und Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Es gelingt ihm zu zeigen, dass die Problematik des Anderen in der Reflexion bei den besprochenen Autoren eine sich stetig vertiefende Umformung erfährt, die es ermöglicht, den Anderen und die Reflexion als Analogien einer tiefer liegenden Problematik zu begreifen. Die Reflexion erweist sich dabei letztlich nicht als Zerstörer einer alltäglich immer funktionierenden Unmittelbarkeit, sondern als Wegweiser in die Tiefen dessen, was wir Existenz nennen. Das Problem des Anderen wird hierbei nicht 'gelöst', es bedarf auch gar keiner Auflösung, wenn man begreift, dass die Unzugänglichkeit des Anderen nur die Kehrseite der Unzugänglichkeit des eigenen Selbst ist. Der Andere ist letztlich nicht mehr und nicht weniger rätselhaft als ich selbst es bin, und gerade in dieser Dunkelheit liegt das Wesen der Existenz.

Keywords: Existenzphilosophie ; Phänomenologie ; Philosophie ; HP

Language: German

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Selbstbestimmt teilhaben in Altenpflegeeinrichtungen (2021)

Conen, Ina ; Bleck, Christian ; Frerk, Timm ; [et al.]

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Zusammenfassung Alte Menschen mit Hilfe- und Pflegebedarf, die in Altenpflegeeinrichtungen leben, haben nicht nur Anspruch auf eine qualitätsvolle medizinisch-pflegerische Versorgung, sondern explizit das Recht auf ein selbstbestimmtes Leben, das ihnen gesellschaftliche Teilhabe ermöglicht. Dazu verpflichten nicht zuletzt die Vorgaben der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention. Das anwendungs-orientierte Forschungsprojekt „Selbstbestimmt teilhaben in Altenpflegeeinrichtungen“ hat Voraussetzungen zur Verwirklichung der selbstbestimmten Teilhabe von Bewohner*innen in stationären Einrichtungen der Altenhilfe analysiert. Im Rahmen einer sequentiellen Mixed-Methods-Studie wurden u. a. Interviews mit Bewohner*innen, Angehörigen und Mitarbeiter*innen sowie teilnehmende Beobachtungen in ausgewählten Einrichtungen und eine NRW-weite Online-Befragung durchgeführt. So konnten erstmals fördernde und hemmende Faktoren auf Ebene der Bewohner*innen, Mitarbeiter*innen und Einrichtung identifiziert und wichtige Anforderungen an die Teilhabeförderung praxisnah in einem Musterrahmenkonzept aufbereitet werden. Abstract Elderly residents of nursing homes do not only have the right to receive high-quality medical and nursing care, but also and explicitly to lead an autonomous life that enables them to partic-ipate in society. This right is not least stipulated in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The application-based research project ‘Autonomous Participation in Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly’ analysed the prerequisites for realising elderly residents’ autonomous participation in their nursing homes. Within the framework of a sequential mixed methods study, the researchers conducted interviews with such residents, their relatives and care home staff, participatory observations in selected nursing homes and an online survey throughout North Rhine-Westphalia. As a result, they were able to identify factors which facilitate and restrict such participation from the perspectives of the residents, staff and the care home itself for the first time, and thus stipulate important requirements for the facilitation and implementation of participation within a framework model.

Keywords: HV1-9960 ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JK Social services & welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare & social services

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The Greatest Possible Freedom (2021)

Burri, Thomas

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: The book entitled 'The Greatest Possible Freedom' tells the story of natural persons in the internal market. The first part contains a thick chronological description of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union on free movement of persons and services, including the hitherto largely neglected coordination of social security. In this sizeable body of case-law including roughly 1400 decisions the book then traces the evolution and spin of certain interpretive formulas. Broad formulas like the greatest possible freedom or coordinative formulas like simple coordination are thus examined and their almost eerie power comes to light.

Keywords: K1-7720 ; Freiheit ; Fallrecht ; case law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: English

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Politische Migrationsmotive Türkeistämmiger in Nordrhein-Westfalen (2022)

Aver, Caner ; Halm, Dirk ; Sauer, Martina

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2022-08-22

Description: Over the past decade, the political developments in Turkey, and consequently the bilateral relations between Germany and Turkey, have been shaped by largely negative dynamics. Turkey’s autocratisation has led not only to strained interstate relations but to a deterioration of the social climate in Germany as a country of immigration. In addition, the issues of xenophobia and racism in Germany have repeatedly been raised. It can be assumed that the interplay between perceived discrimination in Germany and Erdoğan’s popularity as a self-styled ‘lawyer for Turks’ in Germany has resulted in greater susceptibility to populist promises and Turkish-nationalist identity-building. This empirical study examines how political views influence migration-related decisions of successor generations among people of Turkish origin in North Rhine-Westphalia who intend to (re)settle in Turkey.

Description: Published

Description: Die politischen Entwicklungen in der Türkei, aber in der Folge auch die bilateralen Beziehungen zwischen Deutschland und der Türkei, waren im vergangenen Jahrzehnt durch zumeist negative Dynamiken geprägt. Die Autokratisierung der Türkei führte nicht nur zur Belastung der zwischenstaatlichen Beziehungen, sondern auch des gesellschaftlichen Kimas im Einwanderungsland Deutschland. Zugleich stellte sich wiederholt die Frage nach Fremdenfeindlichkeit und Rassismus in Deutschland. Dabei ist anzunehmen, dass Wechselwirkungen zwischen der Wahrnehmung von Benachteiligung in Deutschland und dem Zuspruch zu Erdoğan und seiner Inszenierung als „Anwalt der TürkInnen“ in Deutschland möglicherweise anfällig für populistische Versprechungen und türkisch-nationalistische Identitätsstiftung machen. Die empirische Studie untersucht den Einfluss politischer Einstellungen auf Migrationsentscheidungen Türkeistämmiger der Nachfolgegenerationen in Nordrhein-Westfalen, die in die Türkei übersiedeln wollen.

Keywords: Asyl, Auswanderung, Flucht, Integration, Naher Osten, Parallelgesellschaft ; JN, JFFD, JFFN

Language: German

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Patents and Public Health (2021)

Law, Andrew

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2022-01-31

Description: Do patents rules prevent countries from acquiring affordable medicines? A number of legal experts and governments have felt that the WTO, in particular the TRIPS Agreement, forces countries to favour patents over public health. The WTO sought to settle this dispute by concluding the Public Health Declaration. This book closely analyses the legal situation within the WTO prior to the Declaration and the consequences that resulted from it. It discusses the value of the changes, nationally and internationally, and the extent to which it makes the access to medicines more affordable. This review addresses not only the mere assessment of the positions of pro-patent countries but also takes a look at the obligations that developing countries have internationally and to their citizens. The analysis in this book is a comprehensive aid to lawyers as it explains the scope and purpose of the TRIPS Agreement provisions. It assists politicians and lobbyists by demystifying the treaty texts and by indicating the boundaries of lawful governmental action. Public Health representatives will be able to use this book to implement health care measures in a lawful way, both nationally and internationally.

Keywords: K1-7720 ; Markenrecht ; Urheberrecht / Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Medienrecht ; Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz

Language: English

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Epigenetik (2021)

Walter, Jörn ; Hümpel, Anja

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Do the mechanisms of epigenetics control our genes? Or maybe not? The field of epigenetics investigates the complex molecular interaction of genes and their physical environment. Epigenetic mechanisms can alter our DNA structurally, change gene expression and thus drive cellular development throughout life. They have currently been associated with numerous diseases and are known to shape both appearance and behavioral patterns. Environmental factors as well as lifestyle choices come into play and impart their

Keywords: K1-7720 ; Epigenomik ; DNA ; Grüne Gentechnologie ; Bioethik ; BBAW ; Pflanzen ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: German

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Sexualität und Autismus (2021)

Lache, Lena

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2022-01-31

Description: Auch Menschen mit Autismus haben sexuelle Bedürfnisse. Aufgrund ihrer spezifischen Wahrnehmung und ihrer abweichenden sozio-kommunikativen Fähigkeit erleben Autist_innen sich und ihre Umwelt jedoch anders als Menschen ohne Autismus. Wichtig für die sexuelle Entwicklung ist jedoch eine gelungene zwischenmenschliche Kommunikation. Um an sexuellen Entwicklungsprozessen teilhaben zu können, benötigen autistische Menschen deshalb mitunter eine sehr intensive und zielgerichtete Unterstützung.Der Schwerpunkt des vorliegenden Buches liegt unter besonderer Berücksichtigung autismusspezifischer kommunikativer Fähigkeiten auf der psychosexuellen Entwicklung von Menschen aus dem Autismus-Spektrum. Die Autorin beleuchtet die Bedeutung von Kommunikation und Sprache und beschreibt, wie Veränderungen in diesem Bereich die Entwicklungsprozesse nachhaltig beeinflussen können. Dabei wird der Fokus auf einzelne Methoden der Unterstützten Kommunikation und deren positive Wirkung auf Sozialisationsprozesse der Sexualität gelegt. Sowohl Chancen dieser Methoden als auch mögliche Anwendungsfelder werden aufgezeigt und kritisch diskutiert.Sexuality and Autism: The Significance of Communication and Language for Sexual DevelopmentPeople with autism too have sexual needs. But due to their specific perception and differing socio-communicative ability autistic people experience themselves and their environment differently than people without autism. However, successful interpersonal communication is important for sexual development. Therefore, autistic people sometimes need intense and well mapped-out assistance in order to be able to participate in sexual development processes.Centering on the psycho-sexual development of people from the autism spectrum, this book pays particular attention to autism-specific communication skills. It highlights the significance of communication and language and examines how modifications in this realm can have lasting impact on the development processes. The focus is placed on individual methods of Augmentative and Alternative Communication and their positive effects on socialization processes of sexuality. Both the chances offered by these methods as well as the possible areas of their application are demonstrated and critically discussed.

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Reflexiv handlungsfähig (2023)

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | Academia Verlag

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Publication Date: 2023-12-12

Description: Published

Keywords: didactics ; JNKH

Language: German

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Transparency or Opacity (2023)

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-03-09

Description: The datafication and digitalisation of business models and decision-making processes have led to calls for more transparency, but at the same time question of suitable concepts to address these issues are raised. The contributions collected in this volume, which address various areas of law, examine from a jurisprudential perspective whether and under what conditions transparency should or can be granted and to what extent already existing transparency concepts can be successfully implemented. They are all contributions to the discussion of the 2nd Conference of the Research Network Young Digital Law, which took place on 22 and 23 July 2022 at the University of Hamburg. With contributions by Marco Billi, Dr. Jonas Botta, Dr. Gordian Konstantin Ebner, Jun.-Prof. Dr. Elena Freisinger, Joris Krijger, Dr. Tobias Mast, Dr. Juliane Mendelsohn, Paul Nolan, Jun.-Prof. Alessandro Parenti, Kostina Prifti, Dr. Patrick Raschner, Dr. Christopher Rennig, David Schneeberger, Prof. Dr. Evert Stamhuis, Tamara Thuis and Prof. Dr. Thomas Wischmeyer.

Description: Published

Description: Die Datafizierung und Digitalisierung von Geschäftsmodellen und Entscheidungsprozessen lassen Forderungen nach mehr Transparenz laut werden, werfen zugleich aber die Frage nach dafür geeigneten Konzepten auf. Die in diesem Band zusammengefassten und verschiedene Rechtsgebiete adressierenden Beiträge untersuchen daher aus rechtswissenschaftlicher Perspektive, ob und unter welchen Bedingungen Transparenz gewährt werden sollte und inwieweit bereits bestehende Transparenzkonzepte fruchtbar gemacht werden können. Sie sind allesamt Diskussionsbeiträge der 2. Konferenz des Forschungsnetzwerkes Junges Digitales Recht, die am 22. und 23.7.2022 an der Universität Hamburg stattgefunden hat. Mit Beiträgen von Marco Billi, Dr. Jonas Botta, Dr. Gordian Konstantin Ebner, Jun.-Prof. Dr. Elena Freisinger, Joris Krijger, Dr. Tobias Mast, Dr. Juliane Mendelsohn, Paul Nolan, Jun.-Prof. Alessandro Parenti, Kostina Prifti, Dr. Patrick Raschner, Dr. Christopher Rennig, David Schneeberger, Prof. Dr. Evert Stamhuis, Tamara Thuis und Prof. Dr. Thomas Wischmeyer.

Keywords: Algorithmen, Daten, Datenwissenschaft, Digitaler Staat, KI-Taxonomie, Künstliche Intelligenz, Smart Legal Contracts, Transparenz, Tagungsband, Regulierung, Opazität, KI, Junges Digitales Recht, Digitalisierung, Datafizierung, Automatisierung ; LND

Language: English

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Auf der Jagd nach der Sonne (2021)

Weiß, Tobias

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2021-02-10

Description: The book is an analysis of the portrayal of nuclear power in Japanese journalism and the factors influencing it. Combining a field theoretical approach to journalism with frame analysis on different levels of the communica-tion process, the author argues that the nuclear industry in Japan used their financial power to build up a “pro-nuclear civil society” and that this frame-sponsoring is the reason for the relatively positive portrayal of nucle-ar power until 2011. After “Fukushima” the journalistic autonomy in this domain increased and journalism became a driving force of change in nuclear policy. At the same time the journalistic field became polarized because the more heteronomous parts of the field remain integrated into the “pronuclear civil society”. The book offers a new perspective on Japanese media and journalism scholarship, emphasizing heterogeneity and change in contrast to previous scholarship, that has focused on press clubs as institutions of pervasive media control.

Keywords: Fukushima ; Feldtheorie ; Frame Sponsoring ; Journalismus ; „nuclear village“ ; Bourdieu ; Inhaltsanalyse ; Mediensystem ; Mediensoziologie ; politische Kommunikation ; Umweltkommunikation ; Science Technology and Society ; politische Soziologie ; soziale Bewegungen ; counter movements ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences

Language: German

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Entscheidungsträger im Internet (2022)

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2022-11-02

Description: Social networks, payment services, gaming platforms - they all have sophisticated sets of rules governing the use of their services. Just as complex are the systems with which these private actors enforce their rules. Automated, human or hybrid decision-making structures are designed to provide efficient and equitable rule enforcement. Due to the high relevance of these platforms, current regulatory projects such as the Digital Services Act are attempting to establish clear rules for these private decision-making structures. This anthology gathers empirical and theoretical contributions that explore questions about institutionalization, legitimacy and consequences of this development. With contributions by RAin Dr. Bettina Bacher; Steliyana Doseva; Rita Gsenger, M.A.; Prof. Dr. Dirk Heckmann; Alexandra Keiner, M.A; Christoph König; Dr. Johanne Kübler; Ferdinand Müller; Amelie Röhling; Finn Schädlich; Jan Schillmöller; Prof. Dr. Hanna Schmid-Petri; Simon Schrör, M.A.; Dr. Ben Wagner and Johannes Weil.

Description: Published

Description: Soziale Netzwerke, Zahlungsdienste, Gaming-Plattformen – sie alle verfügen über ausdifferenzierte Regelwerke zur Nutzung ihrer Angebote. Ebenso komplex sind die Systeme, mit denen diese privaten Akteure ihre Regeln durchsetzen. Automatisierte, menschliche oder hybride Entscheidungsstrukturen sollen eine effiziente und gerechte Regeldurchsetzung gewährleisten. Auf Grund der hohen Relevanz dieser Plattformen versuchen aktuelle Regulierungsvorhaben wie der Digital Services Act für klare Vorgaben bei diesen privaten Entscheidungsstrukturen zu sorgen. Der Band versammelt empirische und theoretische Beiträge, die Fragen der Institutionalisierung, Legitimität und Konsequenzen dieser Entwicklung auf den Grund gehen. Mit Beiträgen von RAin Dr. Bettina Bacher; Steliyana Doseva; Rita Gsenger, M.A.; Prof. Dr. Dirk Heckmann; Alexandra Keiner, M.A; Christoph König; Dr. Johanne Kübler; Ferdinand Müller; Amelie Röhling; Finn Schädlich; Jan Schillmöller; Prof. Dr. Hanna Schmid-Petri; Simon Schrör, M.A.; Dr. Ben Wagner und Johannes Weil.

Keywords: Content ID, eSport, Filtermaßnahmen, Institutionalisierung, Legitimität, Social Media, Soziale Netzwerke, Soziale Plattformen, Uploadfilter, Zahlungsintermediäre, SWIFT, Smart-Contracts, Upload-Filter, DSA, Plattform Governance, Automatisierung, Zahlungsdienstleister, Content Moderation, E-Sports, decision-making ; LNCB, 1QFE

Language: German

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Deceptive Conducts before the Patent Office (2021)

Hoss, Eugenio

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: In an increasingly harmonized global patent landscape, few issues still distinguish the US patent system as much as its strict–and often criticized–duty of candor and its inequitable conduct doctrine. The EPO and most other countries around the world impose less burdensome disclosure duties upon patent applicants. What is there to learn from the experience in the US? Have these tools resulted in any benefit worth considering? Yet regardless of the disclosure duties imposed upon patent applicants, a deceptive conduct before the Patent Office could lead to unwarranted exclusive rights and have a negative impact on competition. Should antitrust law intervene? Is it a case of sham litigation? This work attempts to answer those questions through a comparative analysis, examining the law and case law in the US and in the EU from both a patent and a competition law perspective and seeking a workable theory of harm.

Keywords: K1-7720 ; pharmazeutischer Patient ; irreführendes Verhalten ; Wettbewerbsrecht ; Patentanmeldung ; Patentamt ; high court ; Supreme Court ; inequitable conduct ; Competition Law ; kristalline Form ; Patentrecht ; Apotex ; Walker Process ; tert-Butylaminsalz ; duty of candor ; Fraud before the Patent Office ; Perindopril ; Scheincharakter ; AstraZeneca ; Patent Office ; Servier ; LJ Jacob ; patent law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: English

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Grenzforschung (2021)

Klessmann, Maria ; Krämer, Hannes ; Gerst, Dominik

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Die Erforschung von Grenzen erfährt aktuell eine enorme Aufmerksamkeit. Das erste deutschsprachige Handbuch zum hochdynamischen Forschungsfeld der Grenzforschung stellt das interdisziplinäre Sachgebiet in seiner Breite dar und liefert somit eine aktuelle Bestimmung des Feldes. In über 30 Beiträgen aus verschiedenen Disziplinen werden zunächst die historischen, methodologischen sowie theoretischen Grundlagen der interdisziplinären Grenzforschung rekonstruiert, bevor ausgewählte konzeptionelle Perspektiven sowie zentrale Themengebiete vorgestellt werden. Der Band schließt mit einer Erweiterung der gegenwärtigen Diskussion um die Erforschung von Grenzen, indem neue theoretische Debatten sowie benachbarte Perspektiven eingebunden werden. Das Handbuch bietet damit sowohl einen fundierten Überblick, als auch einen detaillierten Einblick in die aktuelle Erforschung von Grenzen. Mit Beiträgen von Christian Banse, Chiara Brambilla, Claudia Bruns, Franck Düvell, Monika Eigmüller, Didier Fassin, Astrid M. Fellner, Dominik Gerst, Sarah Green, Goetz Herrmann, Sabine Hess, Concha Maria Höfler, Wolf-Fabian Hungerland, Martin Klatt, Maria Klessmann, Hannes Krämer, Sabine Lehner, Carolin Leutloff-Grandits, Christine Leuenberger, Gesa Lindemann, Sandro Mezzadra, Marie Müller-Koné, Thomas Nail, Brett Neilson, Marek Nekula, Jana Schäfer, Conrad Schetter, Larissa Schindler, Falko Schmieder, Matthias Schmidt-Sembdner, Markus Schroer, Alexandra Schwell, James Wesley Scott, Sebastian Teupe, Holger Pötzsch, Peter Ulrich, Andreas Vasilache, Bastian Vollmer, Béatrice von Hirschhausen, Christian Wille

Keywords: JV1-9480 ; Border-Studies ; Grenzen ; Grenzforschung ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTF Development studies

Language: German

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Hofmannsthal Jahrbuch zur Europäischen Moderne (2021)

Bergengrue, Maximilian ; Wunberg, Gotthart ; Renner, Ursula ; [et al.]

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2022-01-31

Description: Das Hofmannsthal-Jahrbuch ist weltweit das wichtigste Organ der Hofmannsthal-Forschung. Es bietet neben der Veröffentlichung bisher unpublizierter Briefwechsel Beiträge namhafter Wissenschaftler zur europäischen Kultur der Moderne: Das Hofmannsthal-Jahrbuch ist weltweit das wichtigste Organ der Hofmannsthal-Forschung. Es bietet neben der Veröffentlichung bisher unpublizierter Briefwechsel Beiträge namhafter Wissenschaftler zur europäischen Kultur der Moderne: Hausbesuche. Hermann Menkes bei Wiener Künstlern und Sängerinnen. Eingeleitet, kommentiert und mit dem Entwurf einer Bibliographie von Ursula Renner Paul Bourget, Du dilettantisme, Herausgegeben und übersetzt von Rudolf Brandmeyer Katja Kaluga und Katharina J. Schneider: Die Legende vom Fuchs-Schlössel. Zur Geschichte von Hofmannsthals Haus in Rodaun und seinen VorbesitzerInnen Sabine Schneider: Hofmannsthals »Turm«-Dramen Hans-Thies Lehmann: »Der Turm« als Tragödie auf dem Theater Nicola Gess: Choreographie der Intrige. Zum dramatischen Rhythmus in Hofmannsthals »Der Turm« Alexander Honold: »Der Turm« und der Krieg Roland Borgards: »wo ist dem Tier sein End?« Das Politische, das Poetische und die Tiere in Hofmannsthals »Turm« Roland Innerhofer: »Der Turm« im Kontext der zeitgenössischen österreichischen Dramatik Stefan Breuer: Peripetien der Herrschaft. Hugo von Hofmannsthals »Der Turm« und Max Weber Michael Pilz: »Wir werden dreifache Front zu nehmen haben…« Alfred Walter Heymel, Rudolf Borchardt und die literaturkritische Praxis der »Süddeutschen Monatshefte«. Zur Positionierung einer Rundschauzeitschrift im literarischen Feld der Jahre 1904-1914 Dalia Klippenstein: Pantomime auf einem Blatt Papier: zu den Selbstbildnissen von Egon Schiele

Keywords: PN1-6790

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Von Digital-Rights-Management zu Content Identification (2021)

Fitzner, Julia

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Das Werk zieht Bilanz über die bisherigen (Miss-)Erfolge des Einsatzes von Digital-Rights-Management-Systemen bei der Online-Vermarktung von urheberrechtlich geschützten Multimediawerken. Weiterhin wird ein neuer Ansatz zum Schutz solcher Werke im Web 2.0 in Form von Filtertechnologien, die digitalisierte geschützte Inhalte identifizieren können, vorgestellt. In rechtlicher Hinsicht wird geprüft, wie sich der Einsatz solcher Technologien durch Betreiber von Social-Media-Diensten auf deren urheberrechtliche Haftung auswirkt, vor allem im Hinblick auf die Haftungsbeschränkungen nach dem TMG und nach dem US-amerikanischen Digital Millennium Copyright Act, die einer rechtsvergleichenden Analyse unterzogen werden.

Keywords: K1-7720 ; Urheberrecht ; Medienrecht ; Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: German

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Im Zweifel auf Privatrezept? (2021)

Wilman, Nikola ; Becker, Ulrich

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Die Verordnung von Medikamenten außerhalb ihrer arzneimittelrechtlichen Zulassung (Off-Label-Use) ist fester Bestandteil des medizinischen Alltags in Deutschland. Ziel des Tagungsbandes ist es, basierend auf einer einleitenden Darstellung der medizinischen Grundproblematik, die mit dem Off-Label-Use verbundenen sozial- und haftungsrechtlichen Probleme aufzuzeigen und zu diskutieren.

Keywords: K1-7720 ; Öffentliches Recht ; Öffentliches Gesundheits- und Sicherheitsrecht ; Seuchenrecht ; Gesundheits- und Lebensmittelrecht ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: German

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Kleine Schriften (2024)

Dahms, Günter ; König, Josef

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | Karl Alber

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Publication Date: 2024-01-29

Description: Published

Description: Das Buch bringt aus dem Nachlass Josef Königs die Texte dreier akademischer Vorträge von 1937, 1952 und 1958 sowie eine umfangreiche Vortragsgrundlage zur philosophischen Situation 1934 in Deutschland mit Blick auf Heidegger, Jaspers und Klages. Diese Arbeit zur Lage der Philosophie und insbesondere zur allgemeinen Bestimmung der Existenzphilosophie ergänzt und erweitert Königs Darlegungen zur „offenen Unbestimmtheit“ des Heideggerschen Existenzbegriffs, die aus dem Nachlass im Dilthey-Jahrbuch 1990/1991 erschienen sind. Intensive Beispieldiskussionen und Einzelanalysen gelten vor allem den Prinzipien der Existenzphilosophie und der Struktur ihrer leitenden Begriffe. Im Vortrag „Bemerkungen zur Metapher“ (1937) entfaltet König den Gedanken, dass diejenige metaphorische Rede, die nicht ein im Prinzip ersetzbares Additum zur nicht-metaphorischen ist, eine wesentliche Möglichkeit der menschlichen Sprache darstellt. Sie kommt zwar zur nicht-metaphorischen Rede hinzu, aber wesentlich hinzu und konstituiert dadurch das Einssein der Sprache. Der zweistündige Vortrag „Verantwortung in der Wissenschaft“ (1952) erörtert den Begriff von Wissenschaft in Verbindung mit dem eines wissenschaftlichen Gewissens, das „anschaffbar“ ist, und legt die Eigenart der sittlichen Natur des wissenschaftlichen Wissens dar. Im Vortrag „Probleme des Begriffs Entwicklung“ (1958) geht König der Frage nach, wie prinzipiell begriffen werden kann, dass ein Wesen, das abstammt von Wesen, denen lediglich äußere Wahrnehmung zugeschrieben werden kann, zu einem Wesen werden kann, das auch innere Wahrnehmung besitzt.

Keywords: Philosophie ; HP

Language: German

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Marke, Nachhaltigkeit und Verbraucherpolitik (2022)

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2022-08-22

Description: The certification mark, which was introduced in response to an EU initiative in 2017, has been available in Germany since 2019. Its main features are neutrality, monitoring/control and transparency for certain material or service promises for which the legal protection of a certification mark is claimed. This anthology explores the questions of how exactly the effect of this instrument is to be assessed, what experiences have already been made with it, and how warranty marks are to be evaluated in terms of brand technology, customer orientation, and consumer policy.

Description: Published

Description: Die Gewährleistungsmarke, die auf eine EU-Initiative hin im Jahr 2017 eingeführt worden war, steht in Deutschland seit 2019 zur Verfügung. Hauptmerkmale sind Neutralität, Überwachung/Kontrolle und Transparenz für bestimmte Sach- oder Dienstleistungsversprechen, für welche der Rechtsschutz einer Gewährleistungsmarke in Anspruch genommen wird. Der vorliegende Sammelband geht den Fragen nach, wie die Wirkung dieses Instruments genau einzuschätzen ist, welche Erfahrungen damit bereits gemacht wurden und wie Gewährleistungsmarken markentechnisch, kundenorientiert und verbraucherpolitisch zu bewerten sind.

Keywords: Käufer, Konsum, Kunde, Schutz, Umwelt, Wirtschaft ; KCN

Language: German

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Fiktionen im Recht (2021)

Albrecht, Kristin Y.

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2022-01-31

Description: Als „syphilis of the law“ (Bentham) und „Krücken“ (Jhering) verdammt, wird seit über 2000 Jahren immer wieder die Ausrottung von Rechtsfiktionen gefordert. Genauso leidenschaftlich werden sie aber auch als höchst wertvoll verteidigt und sogar zur Grundlage des Rechts (Kelsen) erklärt. Wie passt das zusammen? Kristin Albrecht zeigt auf Grundlage einer historischen und rechtsvergleichenden Analyse, dass man im Recht nicht „der Rechtsfiktion“ begegnet, sondern drei unterschiedlichen Typen: Den fiktiven Annahmen, den fiktiven Personen und den fiktiven Rechtsinstituten. Sie entwickelt diese Typen mit philosophischer Gründlichkeit und diskutiert anschließend, was „so troubling“ bzw. „beneficial and useful“ (Blackstone) an ihnen ist.

Keywords: K1-7720 ; PN1-6790 ; B1-5802

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Bürger in Uniform (2021)

Münch, Philipp

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2022-01-31

Description: Anhand der Feldpost von 30 miteinander bekannten Mitgliedern einer Hamburger Turnerriege soll die Frage beantwortet werden, weshalb bürgerliche Soldaten im Ersten Weltkrieg eine relativ positive Einstellung gegenüber ihrem Militärdienst zeigten. Nach einer Analyse ihrer Militär- und Kriegserfahrungen stellt sich heraus, welche Aspekte des Kriegsdienstes mit bürgerlichen Werthaltungen vereinbar waren und dass daraus überwiegend eine gesellschaftliche Pflicht zum treuen Dienen abgeleitet wurde. Gleichzeitig werden jedoch auch die Fälle herausgearbeitet, in denen bürgerliche Soldaten eine Berechtigung zur Verweigerung empfanden.

Keywords: DD1-905

Language: German

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Fernsehgewalt und die Einschaltquote (2021)

Hestermann, Thomas

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Wie Fernsehschaffende

Keywords: HV1-9960 ; Kriminologie: Rechtliche Aspekte ; Strafrecht ; Kriminologie ; Strafvollzug ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JK Social services & welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare & social services

Language: German

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Jugendgerichtshilfebarometer 2022 (2024)

Schmoll, Annemarie ; Lampe, Dirk ; Holthusen, Bernd

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2024-02-05

Description: The study about Youth Services in Criminal Proceedings 2022, a quantitative online institutional survey of youth services in this field, provides empirical data for an important task of youth services in Germany. The following questions, e.g., are answered: How is youth services in criminal proceedings organised? How do they fulfil their tasks? Is the existing structure of youth services in the context of juvenile criminal proceedings sufficient? How are cooperative relationships with other institutions and professions developing? Is there any potential that has not yet been tapped? A special focus lies on the implementations of the reform in the Juvenile Courts Act of 2019, which transposed the EU directive 2016/800 on procedural safeguards for children who are suspects or accused persons in criminal proceedings. A review will be followed by professional consequences and challenges for professionals in the field of youth services in criminal proceedings.

Description: Published

Description: Das Jugendgerichtshilfebarometer 2022 präsentiert die Ergebnisse einer quantitativen Online-Institutionenbefragung der Jugendhilfen im Strafverfahren und legt damit empirische Daten für ein wichtiges Handlungsfeld der Jugendhilfe in Deutschland vor. Beantwortet werden u.a. folgende Fragen: Wie ist die Jugendhilfe im Strafverfahren organisiert? Wie werden die Neuregelungen im Jugendgerichtsgesetz umgesetzt? Wie haben sich Angebotsstrukturen und Kooperationsbeziehungen im Kontext von Jugendstrafverfahren entwickelt und welche fachlichen Konsequenzen und Herausforderungen ergeben sich hieraus?

Keywords: Befragung ; empirische Daten ; Jugendgerichtsgesetz ; Jugendgerichtshilfe ; Jugendgerichtshilfebarometer 2022 ; Jugendstrafverfahren ; Jugendhilfe ; Kooperationsbeziehungen ; Organisationsstruktur ; Strafverfahren ; UDX ; LNFQ ; 1DFG ; JKVQ2

Language: German

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Die Petosiris-Nekropole von Tuna el-Gebel (2023)

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | Ergon

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Publication Date: 2023-04-20

Description: The Petosiris necropolis at Tuna el-Gebel is one of the largest cemeteries of the Roman period in Egypt and belonged to the 'metropolis' Hermopolis Magna. This volume presents new archaeological and architectural-historical research results on the tomb houses of house groups 1 and 2, site management and roof drainage techniques. They provide extensive insights into construction methods, burial customs and ideas of the afterlife in a multicultural society. For the first time, numerous decorated tomb houses are comprehensively published and commented on. This volume was produced as part of the DFG research project "Celebrating with the Dead. Spatial Concepts and Burial Rituals in the Petosiris Necropolis of Tuna el-Gebel/Egypt". With contributions by Hussein Mohamed Ali, Cäcilia Fluck, Jana Helmbold-Doyé, Heidi Köpp-Junk, Katja Lembke, Timo Meyer, Martina Minas-Nerpel, Stefan Pfeiffer, Silvia Prell and Christine Wilkening-Aumann.

Description: Published

Description: Die Petosiris-Nekropole in Tuna el-Gebel ist einer der größten Friedhöfe römischer Zeit in Ägypten und gehörte zur ‚metropolis‘ Hermopolis Magna. In diesem Band werden neue archäologische und bauhistorische Forschungsergebnisse zu den Grabbauten der Häusergruppen 1 und 2, dem Site Management und den Dachentwässerungstechniken vorgelegt. Sie liefern umfangreiche Erkenntnisse zu Bauweisen, Bestattungssitten und Jenseitsvorstellungen in einer multikulturellen Gesellschaft. Erstmals werden zahlreiche dekorierte Grabbauten umfassend publiziert und kommentiert. Dieser Band entstand im Rahmen des DFG-Forschungsprojekts „Feiern mit den Toten. Raumkonzepte und Bestattungsrituale in der Petosiris-Nekropole von Tuna el-Gebel/Ägypten“. Mit Beiträgen von Hussein Mohamed Ali, Cäcilia Fluck, Jana Helmbold-Doyé, Heidi Köpp-Junk, Katja Lembke, Timo Meyer, Martina Minas-Nerpel, Stefan Pfeiffer, Silvia Prell und Christine Wilkening-Aumann.

Keywords: Ägypten, Bestattungssitten, Grabbauten, Nekropole, römisch, Wandmalereien ; CF, 2CXG

Language: German

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Zukunftsfähiges Umweltrecht II: Suffizienz im Recht (2023)

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-10-04

Description: The sustainability condition of sufficiency expresses that the available environmental resources can only be managed if the consumption of these resources is not only reduced relative to economic activity, but in absolute terms. This volume examines the question of how the law can be used to achieve an absolute reduction in consumption and how the legal framework could be adapted to achieve a sufficiency-oriented economic order. The scientific foundations of the sufficiency requirement as well as conceptual, instrumental and constitutional aspects of its legal implementation are discussed. With contributions by Andrea Bues | Ulrike Jürschick | Wolfgang Lucht | Franz Reimer

Description: Published

Description: Mit der Nachhaltigkeitsbedingung der Suffizienz wird zum Ausdruck gebracht, dass mit den verfügbaren Umweltressourcen nur noch auszukommen ist, wenn der Verbrauch dieser Ressourcen nicht nur relativ zur Wirtschaftsaktivität, sondern absolut verringert wird. Dieser Band geht der Frage nach, wie mit Mitteln des Rechts auf eine absolute Verbrauchsreduktion hingewirkt werden kann und wie der Rechtsrahmen anzupassen wäre, um zu einer suffizienten Wirtschaftsordnung zu kommen. Erörtert werden naturwissenschaftliche Grundlagen der Suffizienzforderung sowie konzeptionelle, instrumentelle und verfassungsrechtliche Aspekte ihrer rechtlichen Umsetzung. Mit Beiträgen von Andrea Bues | Ulrike Jürschick | Wolfgang Lucht | Franz Reimer

Keywords: Klimaschutz ; Müllvermeidung ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Ressourcenschutz ; Schutz der natürlichen Lebensgrundlagen ; Umweltschutz ; LNKJ

Language: German

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Arbeitsunfall- und Berufskrankheitenrisiko bei grenzüberschreitenden Beschäftigungsverhältnissen (2021)

Goller, Monika

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Entsendungen und dauerhafte Auslandsbeschäftigung sind inzwischen ein weltweites Phänomen. Grenzüberschreitende Freizügigkeit bedarf aber der Begleitung durch grenzüberschreitende soziale Sicherung. Dies gilt auch für das Risiko von Arbeitsunfall und Berufskrankheit. Eine fehlende Koordinierung der nationalen Sozialrechtsordnungen und des Internationalen Privatrechts birgt hier die Gefahr von Schutzlücken für den Arbeitnehmer und von ungeklärten deliktischen Haftungsrisiken seines Arbeitgebers. Am Beispiel der internationalen Ausrichtung der deutschen gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung und der australischen Workers Compensation untersucht die Autorin diese Risiken umfassend. Mit einem detaillierten Raster praxisnaher Fallbeispiele ermittelt sie Defizite bei Versicherungsschutz, Leistungsrecht und Arbeitgeberhaftung und zeigt konkrete Lösungsmöglichkeiten auf. Bestehende völkerrechtliche Abkommen und das koordinierende Sozialrecht der EG sind als Musterregelungen in die Untersuchung einbezogen.

Keywords: K1-7720 ; Rechtsvergleichung ; Internationales Recht ; Arbeits- und Sozialrecht ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: German

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Kommunales Integrationsmanagement (2021)

Reis, Claus

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Zusammenfassung Die soziale Integration Zugewanderter hängt davon ab, dass deren Teilhabechancen und Teilhabekompetenzen ausgebaut werden. Dies erfordert eine entsprechende Ausrichtung und Koordination sozialer Dienstleistungen. Der Leitfaden basiert auf Erkenntnissen aus einem mehrjährigen Forschungsprojekt und stellt dar, wie auf lokaler Ebene Netzwerke Professioneller und Ehrenamtlicher geknüpft und parallel Case Management als auf Einzelfälle bezogenes Handlungskonzept etabliert werden kann. Auf der Grundlage rechts- und sozialwissenschaftlicher Analysen werden hierzu Konzepte und erprobte Instrumente vorgestellt. Der Leitfaden wendet sich an alle im Rahmen lokaler Sozial- und Migrationspolitik Tätigen und Lehrende der Rechts- und Sozialwissenschaften. Abstract The social integration of refugees and other immigrants depends on the development of their chances of participating in society and on making them more proficient in doing so, a strategy which requires the corresponding alignment and coordination of local social services. This handbook practically uses the results of a large research project. It shows how to build up networks of professionals and volunteers and to establish case management as a concept and method in order to coordinate individually oriented services. The handbook presents a theoretical foundation, but also practical concepts and useful instruments with which to implement them. It will appeal to those who work in the context of local social and migration policy, as well as academics and teachers in the field of social sciences.

Keywords: HM401-1281 ; JF20-2112 ; HT51-1595 ; Integration ; Migrationspolitik ; Politik ; kommunale Sozialpolitik ; Case Management ; Netzwerkmanagement ; Zuwanderung ; Teilhabe ; Stadt ; Netzwerksteuerung ; Kommune ; Migrationsrecht ; soziale Dienstleistungen ; Verwaltung ; öffentlicher Dienst ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFP Social interaction

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Digitalisierung und Inklusion (2024)

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | Tectum Verlag

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Publication Date: 2024-01-29

Description: Digitalisierung ist im Begriff, die Gesellschaft auf mehreren Ebenen zu verändern. In Verbindung mit Arbeit verursacht diese Entwicklung eine große Verunsicherung, da Digitalisierung Möglichkeiten bietet, die menschliche durch maschinelle Arbeitskraft ersetzen könnten. Das Forschungsprojekt INCLUDE sieht Digitalisierung als Chance und setzt sich zum Ziel, Maßnahmen basierend auf digitalen Technologien zu bestimmen, um Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer mit verschiedenen Bedarfen in den Arbeitsmarkt zu inkludieren. In dieser Publikation werden die erarbeiteten Projektinhalte als auch projektbezogene und fachliche Reflexionen versammelt, um das Thema in anwendungsorientierter Weise zu erfassen.

Keywords: Zweiter Arbeitsmarkt ; JKSN

Language: German

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Verstöße gegen die mitgliedschaftliche Treuepflicht und ihre Rechtsfolgen (2022)

Jenne, Tobias

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2022-08-22

Description: Published

Keywords: Aktienrecht, Gesellschaftsrecht, Kapitalgesellschaftsrecht, Konzernhaftungsrecht, Stimmrechtsvertreter, Treuegedanke, Verhaltenspflicht, Stimmrechte, Stimmrechtsausübung, Gleichbehandlungsgebot, Wettbewerbsverbot, § 705 BGB, § 242 BGB, Mitgliedschaft, Treuepflicht, Geschäftsführer, Vorstand, Hauptversammlung, Aktionär, Gesellschafterversammlung, Gesellschafter, Kapitalgesellschaft, Personengesellschaft, Aktiengesellschaft, GmbH, Gesellschaft, Unternensrechhmet ; LNCD

Language: German

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Open Access in der Rechtswissenschaft (2021)

Hürlimann, Daniel (Hrsg.) ; Hamann, Hanjo (Hrsg.)

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Das vorliegende Sonderheft untersucht, welche Chancen der freie Zugang zu wissenschaftlichen Publikationen („Open Access”) in der Rechtswissenschaft bietet und welchen Hindernissen er begegnet. Dabei kommt Wissenschaftsverlagen eine zentrale Rolle zu, ihre Perspektive wird daher zunächst ausgelotet. Dass Open Access sowohl mit als auch ohne klassische Verlage möglich ist, zeigen neun Erfahrungsberichte juristischer Open-Access-Periodika. Weitere Beiträge erörtern die Rolle der akademischen Infrastruktur, insbesondere Bibliotheken und Forschungsförderer. Abgerundet wird das Heft durch einen Stimmungsbericht aus der grenzüberschreitenden Tagung zum Thema im Oktober 2018 (www.jurOA.de). The present special edition investigates which opportunities open access to scientific publications offers to legal studies and which challenges it poses. Scientific publishers play an important role with regard to this issue; their perspective is therefore examined first. Nine reports from legal-scientific open access periodicals show that open access is possible with as well as without traditional publishers. Other contributions explain the role of academic infrastructure, especially of libraries and promoters of research. The publication is rounded off by an opinion analysis from a transnational conference on the subject which took place in October 2018 (www.jurOA.de).

Keywords: K1-7720 ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: German

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Foucault und Sartre (2024)

Roedig, Andrea

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | Karl Alber

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Publication Date: 2024-01-29

Description: Published

Description: Die Autorin versteht Foucaults Beschreibung des „modernen Denkens“ als ein kritisch-systematisches Instrumentarium, das sie auf Sartres Werk anwendet. Von hier ausgehend, vergleicht sie Foucaults und Sartres philosophische „Systeme“. Sie konstruiert zu diesem Zweck eine sachliche Auseinandersetzung zwischen Sartre und Foucault, wie sie real nicht stattgefunden hat, und zeigt, dass Foucault zwar den überlegeneren und aktuelleren Standpunkt vertritt, Sartre aber in vieler Hinsicht Foucaults Positionen vorwegnimmt. Gleichzeitig gewinnt Andrea Roeding neue Einsichten über Sartres Methodik sowie über die Grundlagen seiner Bewusstseinsphilosophie.

Keywords: Foucault ; HP

Language: German

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Fact-Gathering in Patent Infringement Cases: Rule 34 Discovery and the Saisie-Contrefaçon (2021)

Seitz, Esther

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Die Autorin beschäftigt sich mit der Informationsbeschaffung in Patentrechtsstreitfällen. Sie vergleicht die Regelungen im amerikanischen Recht mit dem französischen Institut der Saisie-Contrefacon.

Keywords: K1-7720 ; Markenrecht ; Urheberrecht / Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Medienrecht ; Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: English

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Tötungsarten und Ermittlungspraktiken (2021)

Langer, Stephanie ; Haut, Gideon ; Bergengruen, Maximilian

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Die hier versammelten Aufsätze verfolgen nicht nur das Neben- und Miteinander von Verbrechen mit Todesfolge und deren Detektion in der deutschen Literatur des langen 19. Jahrhunderts. Vielmehr steht die Frage im Fokus, ob es einen inneren Anschluss der Ermittlungspraktiken an die jeweiligen Tötungsarten gibt und welche Rolle dabei der konkreten Eigenlogik spezifischer Tötungsarten zukommt. Es wird in diesem Band gefahndet nach der verborgenen strukturellen Identität zwischen dem Mord, dem fundamentalen Bruch des Strafgesetzes, und den strafprozessrechtlichen Möglichkeiten, diesen aufzuklären – einer Identität, die im Medium der Literatur nicht nur dargestellt, sondern auch reflektiert wird.

Keywords: PN1-6790 ; HV1-9960 ; bic Book Industry Communication::D Literature & literary studies

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Patent Strategy in Pharmaceutical Industry: Are additional patents valuable? (2021)

Donghi, Monica

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: This book investigates lifecycle management strategies used by pharmaceutical companies attempting to maximize the value of their product portfolio. Such strategies are sometimes referred to by generic drug companies as “evergreening”. The analysis focuses on two of these strategies, namely product improvements and product line extensions. In particular, an evaluation of the patents that follow the basic one and that accompany the development of a drug from research to market is attempted. Two “blockbuster” drugs, Taxotere and Xalatan, were randomly chosen to carry out such analysis. The patent portfolio of the originator companies is outlined and some important patents for each area of research (e.g. formulations, combinations, delivery devices) are shortly described. Patent filing trends for the two drugs, both in regards of the originator and in regards of other competing companies (amongst these also the generics) are schematically shown.

Keywords: K1-7720 ; Markenrecht ; Urheberrecht / Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Medienrecht ; Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: English

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Reisetagebuch eines Phänomenologen (2021)

Waldenfels, Bernhard

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2022-01-31

Description: Das Reisetagebuch geht zurück auf weltweite Forschungs- und Lehrkontakte. Die Geschichte der phänomenologischen Bewegung wird ergänzt durch eine globale Geographie. Interkulturelle Bezüge erstrecken sich auf Philosophie, Wissenschaft, Kunst, Religion und Alltagsleben. Bekannte Namen tauchen auf wie Boulez, Derrida, Levinas, Ricœur oder Patočka. Autoren wie Joyce, Kafka, Proust und Kierkegaard zeigen sich in ihrem städtischen Umfeld. Streifzüge führen durch das schwarze Harlem. Spuren von Krieg und Gewalt begegnen uns auf den Straßen von Sarajevo oder Bogotà sowie an Gedenkorten in Auschwitz, Kaunas oder Kiew. Die Ränder Europas melden sich in Istanbul, Tbilissi, Tunis und Jerusalem. Der Autor ist ein international bekannter Phänomenologe. The travel diary has its origin in world-wide research and teaching contacts. The history of the phenomenological movement is completed by global geography. Intercultural relations have regard to philosophy, science, art, religion and everyday life. Famous names turn up like Boulez, Derrida, Levinas or Ricœur. Authors like Joyce, Kafka Proust and Kierkegaard appear in their home environment. There are trips crossing the black Harlem. One meets traces of war and violence in the streets of Sarajevo or Bogotà and at the memorial places of Auschwitz, Kaunas or Kiev. The margins of Europe are reached in Istanbul, Tbilisi, Tunis and Jerusalem. The author is an international known phenomenologist.

Keywords: GN301-674

Language: German

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Heroism in Doctor Who (2022)

Hardt, Maria-Xenia

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | Ergon

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Publication Date: 2022-12-08

Description: This first comprehensive study of heroism and the heroic in “Doctor Who” (1963-2020) uses one of Britain’s longest-running TV series to access the changing state of the nation and its collective emotions since the early Sixties. The analysis of two decade-spanning processes of heroization (of the Doctor and female characters in the series) is combined with close readings of individual episodes that feature heroic moments in crystallized narratives of past and future. Nostalgic collective memory, female empowerment and key moments of British history (e.g. World War II) all resonate in the series, which shows how popular heroes negotiate socio-cultural change and identity construction.

Description: Published

Description: This first comprehensive study of heroism and the heroic in “Doctor Who” (1963-2020) uses one of Britain’s longest-running TV series to access the changing state of the nation and its collective emotions since the early Sixties. The analysis of two decade-spanning processes of heroization (of the Doctor and female characters in the series) is combined with close readings of individual episodes that feature heroic moments in crystallized narratives of past and future. Nostalgic collective memory, female empowerment and key moments of British history (e.g. World War II) all resonate in the series, which shows how popular heroes negotiate socio-cultural change and identity construction.

Keywords: British Television, Erinnerungskultur, Frauenbewegung, Heroism, Popular Culture, Popular Heroes, Zweiter Weltkrieg ; HBTB

Language: English

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Macht und Gewalt (2024)

Bösl, Anton ; Müller, Max

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | Karl Alber

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Publication Date: 2024-01-29

Description: Published

Description: Max Müller (1906-1994) postuliert in seinem letzten Werk im Anschluss an Heidegger und im Gegensatz zu Aristoteles den Vorrang der Möglichkeit vor der Wirklichkeit. Er entfaltet seine These in drei Meditationen: 1. Die Autorität wird als Macht (dynamis) verstanden, die es erlaubt, sich ohne fremde Gewalt (energeia) durchzusetzen. 2. Das Denken wird sich als fromm erweisen, wenn es darauf verzichtet, die Macht des Gedankens auf den Begriff zu bringen. 3. Die Macht des Seins duldet keine Gewalt des Begriffes, seine Wahrheit ist vielmehr eine Selbstoffenbarung. Ein Kommentar des Herausgebers rekonstruiert die Entwicklung dieser These und belegt anhand ausgewählter Fragestellungen deren fundamentale Bedeutung für die Philosophie Max Müllers.

Keywords: Gewalt ; HP

Language: German

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Gesundheit von LGBT-Personen in der Schweiz (2023)

Krüger, Paula ; Pfister, Andreas ; Eder, Manuela ; [et al.]

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-07-20

Description: This Swiss study identifies areas where LGBTQ+ people have unequal health opportunities compared to the general population, including mental and sexual health, discrimination and violence, barriers to healthcare and substance use. Using data from the Swiss Health Survey (2012, 2017) and a large-scale national survey of LGBTQ+ people conducted in 2021, the authors identify differences in health status as well as behaviour which promotes and is detrimental to health. The study also includes a review of the current research literature on this topic and concludes with recommendations on how to strengthen the health of LGBTQ+ people.

Description: Published

Description: Die Schweizer Studie identifiziert Bereiche, in denen LGBTQ+-Personen im Vergleich zur übrigen Bevölkerung ungleiche Gesundheitschancen haben, u. a. psychische und sexuelle Gesundheit, Diskriminierungs- und Gewalterfahrungen, Barrieren in der Gesundheitsversorgung und Substanzkonsum. Mit Daten der Schweizerischen Gesundheitsbefragung (2012, 2017) und einer 2021 eigens durchgeführten groß angelegten nationalen Befragung von LGBTQ+ Personen werden Unterschiede im Gesundheitszustand und bezüglich gesundheitsförderlichem bzw. -schädlichem Verhalten herausgearbeitet. Die Studie beinhaltet zudem ein Review der aktuellen Literatur zum Thema und schließt mit Empfehlungen dazu, wie die Gesundheit von LGBTQ+ Personen gestärkt werden kann.

Keywords: Akzeptanz, Diversität, Pflege, Queer, System, Transperson, Gesundheitsverhalten, körperlich, psychisch, LGBTQ+, Menschen, transgender, trans, nicht-binär, non-binär, bisexuell, lesbisch, schwul, Schweiz, Belastung, Krankheit ; MBP

Language: German

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Decentralized Finance Unmasked (2023)

Bergt, Josef

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-06-29

Description: Decentralized finance (DeFi) is a form of finance without central financial intermediaries. This handbook explores the interplay of behavioral finance and public policy in the emerging field of decentralized finance. The work explaines the underlying mechanisms in a nutshell from a social science, economics and legal perspective investigates DeFi's potential impact on financial systems and the risks involved, including smart contract vulnerabilities and trust mechanisms. provides insights into financial decision-making processes in DeFi offers suggestions to enhance regulatory frameworks.

Description: Published

Description: Decentralized Finance (DeFi) ist eine Form der Finanzwirtschaft ohne zentrale Finanzintermediäre. Dieses Werk analysiert das Zusammenspiel von Behavioral Finance und Public Policy im aufkommenden Bereich des DeFi. Das Werk erklärt die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen von DeFi aus sozial-, wirtschafts- und rechtswissenschaftlicher Sicht untersucht den potenziellen Einfluss von DeFi auf Finanzsysteme und die damit verbundenen Risiken, einschließlich Schwachstellen bei Smart Contracts und Vertrauensmechanismen, liefert Einblicke in finanzielle Entscheidungsprozesse in DeFi, bietet Vorschläge zur Verbesserung regulatorischer Rahmenbedingungen.

Keywords: regulation ; regulation of financial institutions ; risk ; social sciences ; sociology of law ; Token Economy ; trust ; behavioral finance ; decentralized finance ; financial market ; LNPD

Language: English

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Datenschutz-Grundverordnung verbessern (2021)

Geminn, Christian ; Roßnagel, Alexander

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Das Buch führt nach zwei Jahren Erfahrung mit der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung eine Evaluation aus Verbrauchersicht durch und präsentiert 33 einfache konkrete Vorschläge, ihren Text zu verbessern, um ihre Ziele besser zu verwirklichen. Daneben erörtert es konzeptionelle Schwächen der Verordnung und entwickelt Vorschläge für Lösungen, die ihren Schutzauftrag erfüllen. Die Verordnung ist für viele typische Anwendungssituationen viel zu abstrakt und provoziert daher Rechtsunsicherheit und Investitionsstau. Sie wird keiner Herausforderung moderner Informationstechnik gerecht und bewirkt dadurch Schutzlücken. Die wiederkehrenden Evaluationen der Verordnung können dazu beitragen, Mängel zu beseitigen und eine Evolution des EU-Datenschutzrechts zu bewirken.

Keywords: K1-7720 ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

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Urheberrechtssysteme und kollektive Rechtwahrnehmung in Südosteuropa (2021)

Mesevic, Iza Razija

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: "This publication provides a view beyond the big European collective management organisations (CMOs) and contributes to the transparency of the collective rights management systems of young and prospective EU-Member States. Since the accession of Slovenia and Bulgaria, the territory of EU expands over the region of South-Eastern Europe (SEE). Nevertheless, the EU academic circles are generally unfamiliar with the field of collective management of copyright and related rights in SEE. However, in the last twenty years, a diverse and to an extent rather specific landscape of CMOs has been developed in that region. The legal framework and the particularities of the latter are worthy of scientific consideration. This book also deals with the position of those CMOs from the region with regard to the increasingly strong requirement for cross-border licensing in the online field and the tendency for more competition between CMOs."

Keywords: K1-7720 ; Urheberrecht ; Medienrecht ; Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: German

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Die Anknüpfung der originären Inhaberschaft am Urheberrecht (2021)

Birkmann, Andrea

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: In den vergangenen Jahren hat die grenzüberschreitende Nutzung urheberrechtlich geschützter Werke stark zugenommen. Dabei ist neben der Frage der internationalen Zuständigkeit der Gerichte auch das internationalprivatrechtliche Problem des materiell anwendbaren Rechts in den Mittelpunkt der Aufmerksamkeit gerückt. Besonders kontrovers diskutiert wird dieses hinsichtlich der Bestimmung der originären Inhaberschaft am Urheberrecht. Das Werk beschäftigt sich mit der kollisionsrechtlichen Behandlung dieses Aspektes bei Sachverhalten mit grenzüberschreitenden Bezügen. Nach einer wissenschaftlichen Hinterfragung der im internationalen Urheberrecht diskutierten Grundprinzipien der Anknüpfung an die lex loci protectionis einerseits und die lex originis andererseits und einer Darstellung der Rechtslage in Deutschland, Frankreich und den USA wird eine Kollisionsregel entwickelt, welche trotz der unterschiedlichen nationalen Ansätze einen einheitlichen, internationalen Ansatz bilden könnte. Dabei spielen auch die Vorgaben der internationalen Abkommen und des Europäischen Rechts eine Rolle.

Keywords: K1-7720 ; Urheberrecht ; Medienrecht ; Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: German

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Arbeitspolitik in digitalen Zeiten (2021)

Hoose, Fabian ; Haipeter, Thomas ; Rosenbohm, Sophie

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Die Digitalisierung erzeugt neue Herausforderungen und Chancen für die Arbeitswelt und die Arbeitspolitik. Die Beiträge dieses Bandesdiskutieren zentrale Entwicklungen und arbeitspolitische Strategien des Umgangs mit der Digitalisierung von Arbeit: die Verschiebung räumlicher und zeitlicher Grenzen der Organisation von Arbeit, neue Initiativen von Interessenvertretung zur Regulierung von Arbeit sowie zur Organisierung von Beschäftigten und ihrer transnationalen Mobilisierung und schließlich die Möglichkeiten der Arbeitsgestaltung in digitalen Arbeitswelten. Dabei wird betont, dass die Herausforderungen und Chancen der Regulierung und Gestaltung von Arbeit in der Digitalisierung mit anderen Entwicklungstrends von Arbeit verschränkt sind. Mit Beiträgen von Alexander Bendel, Anja Gerlmaier, Thomas Haipeter, Fabian Hoose, Jennifer Kaczynska, Angelika Kümmerling, Erich Latniak, Sophie Rosenbohm und Christine Üyük. Abstract Digitalisation is creating new challenges and opportunities for the world of work and labour policy. The contributions in this volume discuss key developments in this field and labour policy strategies for dealing with the digitalisation of work: the shifting of spatial and temporal boundaries in the organisation of work, new initiatives of interest representation to regulate work, organise employees and mobilise workers in transnational contexts, and, finally, the prospects of shaping the design of work in digital working worlds. The book emphasises that the challenges of regulating and shaping work in digital contexts and the opportunities to do so are intertwined with other trends. With contributions by Alexander Bendel, Anja Gerlmaier, Thomas Haipeter, Fabian Hoose, Jennifer Kaczynska, Angelika Kümmerling, Erich Latniak, Sophie Rosenbohm and Christine Üyük.

Keywords: H1-99 ; Economics ; Sociology ; Digitization ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities

Language: German

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Bewegungsförmiger Rechtsextremismus (2024)

Kinskofer, Moritz

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | Tectum Verlag

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Publication Date: 2024-01-29

Description: Right-wing extremism’s tendency towards fragmentation and individualisation can be observed more and more frequently. This is also the case with the Militia of Montana and the Identitarian Movement. In this book, Moritz Kinskofer analyses them through the lens of strain theory and compares them in terms of the intensity of their extremism. He identifies resistance to the system, which is perceived as anomic and infiltrated by conspiracies, as central to both movements. Above all, the adaptability of conspiracy myths as well as camouflage mechanisms such as relocation to the internet along with different degrees of organisation and varying dispositions towards violence represent enormous factors that have an impact on their resilience to state persecution.

Description: Published

Description: Immer häufiger lässt sich die Tendenz des Rechtsextremismus zur Fragmentierung und Individualisierung feststellen. So auch innerhalb der Militia of Montana und der Identitären Bewegung. Moritz Kinskofer untersucht diese anhand der Strain Theory und vergleicht sie hinsichtlich ihrer Extremismusintensität. Als für beide Bewegungen zentral stellt er den Widerstand gegen das als anomisch und durch Verschwörungen unterwandert empfundene System heraus. Vor allem die Anpassungsfähigkeit von Verschwörungsmythen sowie Tarnmechanismen wie die Verlagerung ins Netz stellen neben verschiedenen Organisationsgraden und variierender Gewaltdisposition enorme Faktoren dar, die sich auf die Resilienz gegenüber staatlicher Verfolgung auswirken.

Keywords: Verschwörungsideologie ; JPA

Language: German

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Ungerechtigkeiten (2021)

Rottleuthner, Hubert

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: In der Rechtsphilosophie gibt es vielfältige Bemühungen um eine Theorie der Gerechtigkeit. Der Autor plädiert jedoch dafür, bei Erfahrungen von Ungerechtigkeit zu beginnen, statt sich am Begriff der Gerechtigkeit abzuarbeiten.

Keywords: K1-7720 ; Allgemeine Grundlagen des Rechts ; Rechtsmethodik ; Methodenlehre ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: German

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Kirchenaustritte seit 2018: Wege und Anlässe (2022)

Ahrens, Petra-Angela

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2022-08-22

Description: Petra-Angela Ahrens' study examines the reasons for and occasions and paths to leaving both the Protestant and Catholic churches. In a nationwide quantitative study, a total of 1,500 former Protestant and Catholic church members were interviewed about their leaving the church. The study was designed against the backdrop of both the peak in the wave of people deciding to leave the church in 2019 and subsequent assumptions about the significance of specific reasons for them deciding to leave. The interviewees were asked about how their relationship with the church and faith or religion had evolved during different stages of their lives. It turns out that only rarely did a concrete occasion justify their decision to leave the church, but that their alienation from the church resembles a process.

Description: Published

Description: In der Studie werden die Gründe, Anlässe und Wege zum Austritt aus der evangelischen und katholischen Kirche untersucht. In der bundesweiten quantitativen Untersuchung wurden insgesamt 1.500 ehemals evangelische und katholische Kirchenmitglieder zu ihrem Kirchenaustritt befragt (als repräsentative Online-Befragung im Rahmen des Panels forsa.omninet von forsa). Die Studie wurde vor dem aktuellen Hintergrund der Austrittsspitze im Jahr 2019 und sich daran anschließende Vermutungen über die Bedeutung konkreter Anlässe konzipiert. Die Ausgetretenen wurden darüber befragt, wie sich ihre Beziehung zu Kirche und Glauben bzw. Religion über verschiedene Lebensphasen hinweg entwickelt hat. Es zeigt sich, dass nur selten ein konkreter Anlass die Entscheidung zum Kirchenaustritt begründet, sondern dass die Entfremdung zur Kirche einem Prozess gleichkommt.

Keywords: Austrittswelle, EKD, Glaube, Glaubensverständnis, Hilfe für Geflüchtete, Kindesmissbrauch, Kirchensteuer, Konfession, Mitgliederverlust, Religion, religiöse Indifferenz, Skandale ; HRAC

Language: German

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Digitization and the Law (2021)

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2021-02-12

Description: Neue Technologien bedeuten neue Herausforderungen für das Recht. Das Internet ist kein Neuland mehr, kritische Themen wie Cyberattacken, Privatsphäre, der Schutz Minderjähriger oder auch das Cloud Computing sind jedoch keinesfalls ausdiskutiert. Die zunehmende Digitalisierung und Technisierung beschränkt sich nicht auf das World Wide Web. Der automatisierte Straßenverkehr ist ein ebenso zukunftsweisendes Thema, dessen Entwicklung rechtlich begleitet werden muss. Im vorliegenden Band sind Forschungsarbeiten von Rechtwissenschaftlern aus Deutschland, den USA, Kanada und Griechenland zusammengefasst.

Keywords: Law ; Intellectual Property ; General ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNR Intellectual property law

Language: English

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Generation Y – die „neuen" Väter? (2024)

Cynthia, Schmidt

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | Tectum Verlag

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Publication Date: 2024-01-29

Description: Generation Y is not exactly revolutionising the labour market with the best reputation. This generation does not submit to office slavery and is not prepared to make concessions with regard to the compatibility of family and career. A new species of fathers also seems to have developed among this generation. The new father no longer wants to be just the breadwinner. He sees himself as a participating father, wants an emotional bond with his child and no longer just to spend quality time with his child on Sundays. The desire is great, but it is clear that the implementation is clearly lacking. Obstacles and necessary adjustments can be found not least among mothers, politicians and employers.

Description: Published

Description: Die Generation Y revolutioniert nicht gerade mit dem besten Ruf den Arbeitsmarkt. Der Bürosklaverei unterwirft sich diese Generation nicht und man ist nicht bereit, Abstriche hinsichtlich der Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf zu machen. Auch eine neue Spezies Väter scheint sich bei dieser Generation entwickelt zu haben. Der neue Vater möchte nicht mehr nur als Ernährer fungieren. Er sieht sich als teilhabender Vater, möchte eine emotionale Bindung zu seinem Kind und nicht mehr nur an den Sonntagen Qualitytime mit seinem Kind verbringen. Der Wunsch ist groß, dennoch zeigt sich, dass es an der Umsetzung deutlich hapert. Hinderungsgründe und notwendige Stellschrauben können sich nicht zuletzt bei den Müttern, der Politik und den Arbeitgebern finden.

Keywords: Berufstätigkeit ; KJMV2

Language: German

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Die Corona-Pandemie (2021)

Ruckenbauer, Hans-Walter ; Kröll, Wolfgang ; Schaupp, Walter ; [et al.]

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2022-01-31

Description: Zusammenfassung Die Covid-19-Pandemie hat zu radikalen Eingriffen in die Gesundheitsversorgung und das soziale Leben geführt, deren Effizienz und Angemessenheit aktuell immer stärker ins Zentrum von Auseinandersetzungen rückt. In diesem Sammelband reflektieren und kommentieren ausgewiesene Wissenschaftler/innen und Fachleute verschiedenster Disziplinen den Umgang mit der Pandemie. Thematisiert werden u.a. die Stellungnahmen nationaler Ethikkommissionen, die Triage-Problematik, die Vertretbarkeit von Eingriffen in Grundfreiheiten, die soziale Isolation Betroffener, der Umgang mit religiösen und spirituellen Bedürfnissen sowie tiefer liegende soziale Veränderungen in der Krise. Es wird damit ein wichtiger Beitrag zur Aufarbeitung der Corona-Krise geleistet. Mit Beiträgen von Maria Berghofer, Alois Birklbauer, Nadine Brühwiler, Barbara Derler, Stefan Dinges, Gerhard Falzberger, Eckhard Frick SJ, Isabella Guanzini, Karin Gubisch, Hartmann Jörg Hohensinner, Gerhard Hundsdorfer, Ulrich H.J. Körtner, Wolfgang Köle, Wolfgang Kröll, Martin M. Lintner, Univ.-Prof. Manfred Novak, Jochen Ostheimer, Sabine Petritsch, Brigitte Pichler, Gerhard Pichler, Johann Platzer, Franz Ploner, Regina Polak, Simon Romagnoli, Michael Rosenberger, Walter Schippinger, Christoph Seidl, Martina Schmidhuber, Eberhard Schockenhoff, Detlev Schwarz, Martin Splett, Willibald J. Stronegger, Jean-Daniel Strub, Christa Tax, Arnika Thonhofer, Andreas Valentin, Stephan Winter, Univ.-Prof. Werner Wolbert. Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has led to radical interventions in healthcare and social life, the efficiency and appropriateness of which are now increasingly at the centre of controversy. In this volume, renowned scientists, academics and experts from a wide range of disciplines reflect and comment on how to deal with the pandemic. Among other things, the following topics are discussed: the statements of national ethics committees, the issue of triage, the acceptability of interventions in fundamental freedoms, the social isolation of those affected, the handling of religious and spiritual needs as well as deeper social changes during the crisis. Overall, this publication makes an important contribution to the resolution of the coronavirus crisis. With contributions by Maria Berghofer, Alois Birklbauer, Nadine Brühwiler, Barbara Derler, Stefan Dinges, Gerhard Falzberger, Eckhard Frick SJ, Isabella Guanzini, Karin Gubisch, Hartmann Jörg Hohensinner, Gerhard Hundsdorfer, Ulrich H.J. Körtner, Wolfgang Köle, Wolfgang Kröll, Martin M. Lintner, Univ.-Prof. Manfred Novak, Jochen Ostheimer, Sabine Petritsch, Brigitte Pichler, Gerhard Pichler, Johann Platzer, Franz Ploner, Regina Polak, Simon Romagnoli, Michael Rosenberger, Walter Schippinger, Christoph Seidl, Martina Schmidhuber, Eberhard Schockenhoff, Detlev Schwarz, Martin Splett, Willibald J. Stronegger, Jean-Daniel Strub, Christa Tax, Arnika Thonhofer, Andreas Valentin, Stephan Winter, Univ.-Prof. Werner Wolbert.

Keywords: HM401-1281 ; R723-726 ; Pflegeheim ; Covid-19 ; Social Distancing ; Spiritual Care ; Gesundheitssystem ; Krankenhausseelsorge ; Theologie ; Biopolitik ; Bioethik ; Gesellschaft ; Ethik ; Triage ; Philosophie ; Gesundheitsethik ; Menschenwürde ; Strafrecht und Grundrechte ; Intensivmedizin

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Kriminalerzählungen der Gegenwart (2022)

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | Rombach Wissenschaft

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Publication Date: 2022-11-10

Description: Contemporary culture is characterised by a peculiar desire for crime narratives. Novels, non-fiction books, films, TV series or podcasts that deal with real or fictional murders, acts of fraud or spectacular thefts attract a wide audience and often become the object of public fascination. The contributions to this volume trace this hunger for crime stories and evaluate both the aesthetic and ethical significance of them having become one of today’s leading narrative genres. With contributions by Sandra Beck, Juliane Blank, Johannes Franzen, Peter Hintz, Thomas Kniesche, Till Raether, Oliver Ruf, Simon Sahner, Dana Steglich, Eva Stubenrauch and Thomas Wortmann.

Description: Published

Description: Die zeitgenössische Kultur zeichnet sich durch einen großen Hunger nach Erzählungen von Verbrechen aus. Romane, Sachbücher, Filme, Serien oder Podcasts, die sich mit realen oder fiktiven Morden, Betrugsaktionen oder spektakulären Diebstählen beschäftigen, finden ein breites Publikum und werden oft zum Gegenstand der öffentlichen Faszination. Die Beiträge des Bandes spüren diesem narrativen Bedürfnis nach und stellen die Frage, was es ästhetisch und ethisch bedeutet, dass die Kriminalerzählung zur Leitgattung der Gegenwart geworden ist. Mit Beiträgen von Sandra Beck, Juliane Blank, Johannes Franzen, Peter Hintz, Thomas Kniesche, Till Raether, Oliver Ruf, Simon Sahner, Dana Steglich, Eva Stubenrauch und Thomas Wortmann.

Keywords: Ästhetik, Ermittlungspraktiken, Ethik, Fiktionalität, Film, Gegenwartsliteratur, Hörspiel, Kriminalität, Kriminalroman, Podcast, Rezeption, True-Crime, Verbrechen, Kriminalliteratur ; CF

Language: German

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Patenting Proteomics (2021)

Schuster, Martina

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2022-01-31

Description: The Human Genome Project revealed that the human organism contains far fewer genes than proteins. The fact that approximately 33,000 genes encode more than 200,000 thousands proteins invalidated the long-held assumption that one gene encodes a single protein. Further studies demonstrated that even small structural variations in the

Keywords: K1-7720 ; Markenrecht ; Urheberrecht / Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Medienrecht ; Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz

Language: English

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Verantwortung und ihre Zuschreibung im Recht der Arbeitsförderung (2021)

Quade, Benno

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Das Arbeitsförderungsrecht schreibt Verantwortung zu, doch die Akteure, die Mittel und die zugeschriebene Verantwortung in den USA und der BRD unterscheiden sich. Ausgehend von den Phänomenen Arbeitslosigkeit und Verantwortung wird das Arbeitsförderungsrecht der USA (West Virginia, Wisconsin, Kalifornien) und der BRD vergleichend untersucht. Der Verfasser unternimmt einen „phänomengeleiteten Sozialrechtsvergleich“: Neben einer ausführlichen Betrachtung der Arbeitslosigkeit und des Verantwortungsbegriffs finden die historischen Entwicklungsschritte des Arbeitsförderungsrechts in den Vergleichsländern, das Verfassungsrecht sowie das Arbeitsförderungsrecht (Arbeitslosenversicherung sowie Hilfe- und Förderprogramme) der USA, der in den Vergleich einbezogenen Bundesstaaten und der BRD Beachtung. Der Autor kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die unterschiedliche Verantwortungszuschreibung im Arbeitsförderungsrecht der Länder in deren Verfassungsrecht grundgelegt ist. Zugleich identifiziert er trotz aller Unterschiede eine in den Vergleichsländern voranschreitende rechtliche Verknüpfung zwischen Leistungen des Arbeitsförderungsrechts und Anreizen zu „normaler“ Erwerbsarbeit (USA).

Keywords: K1-7720 ; AFG ; SGB III ; Existenzsicherungsrecht ; SGB II ; Soziale Sicherheit und Sozialrecht ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: German

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Kommunikationsformen und Deliberationsdynamik (2023)

Esau, Katharina

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-01-05

Description: This book is dedicated to the dynamics of public deliberation online. Based on a critical examination of the traditional concept of deliberation, it discusses narration, expressions of emotion and humour as deliberative forms of communication in addition to argumentation. In addition to classic counter-argumentation, it considers empathy, constructiveness, reflection and genuine questions to be components of deliberative reciprocity. Empirically, relational content analysis and sequence analysis of two online participation platforms are used to investigate to what extent different forms of communication influence subsequent traditional and inclusive deliberative reciprocity.

Description: Published

Description: Die Arbeit widmet sich der Dynamik öffentlicher Online-Deliberation. Basierend auf einer kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem klassischen Deliberationskonzept werden neben der Argumentation außerdem Narration, Emotionsäußerungen und Humor als deliberative Kommunikationsformen diskutiert. Neben der Gegenargumentation werden Empathie, Konstruktivität, Reflexivität und echte Fragen als Bestandteile deliberativer Reziprozität betrachtet. Empirisch wird mittels relationaler Inhalts- und Sequenzanalyse zweier Online-Beteiligungsverfahren untersucht, inwiefern unterschiedliche Kommunikationsformen nachfolgende klassische und inklusive deliberative Reziprozität beeinflussen.

Keywords: Follow, Gespräch, Internet, Kommentar, Social Media, User, Deliberation, Deliberative Demokratie, Deliberationsdynamik, Online-Partizipation, Online-Beteiligung, Digitale Öffentlichkeit, Deliberative Reziprozität, Argumentation, Narration, Emotion, Humor, relationale Inhaltsanalyse, Sequenzanalyse, Nutzerkommentare ; JFD

Language: German

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Theorie der Gesetzesinterpretation im frühen 20. Jahrhundert (2021)

Schröder, Jan

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2024-04-05

Description: "Die moderne Lehre von der Gesetzesauslegung beruht im Wesentlichen auf der Interpretationstheorie des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts. Der Vortrag stellt diese Theorie in den historischen Zusammenhang. Ihre Grundlage ist ein neuer, positivistisch-voluntaristischer Rechtsbegriff. Aus ihm erklärt sich die um 1900 aufkommende Vorstellung, es gebe Lücken im Recht, die nur durch richterliche Rechtsschöpfung gefüllt werden können. Mit ihm hängt auch die Uneinigkeit darüber zusammen, ob das Ziel der Auslegung darin besteht, den gegenwärtig vernünftigen Gesetzessinn (objektive Theorie) oder den Willen des Gesetzgebers (subjektive Theorie) zu ermitteln, oder ob die Auslegung im Rahmen der gegebenen Möglichkeiten dem Ermessen des Interpreten zu überlassen ist (Reine Rechtslehre). Der Autor war bis zu seiner Pensionierung (2009) Ordinarius für Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte und Bürgerliches Recht an der Universität Tübingen; er gilt als einer der besten Kenner der Geschichte der juristischen Methodenlehre."

Keywords: B1-5802 ; Rechtsgeschichte ; Allgemeine Grundlagen des Rechts ; Geschichte des Rechts ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy

Language: German

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Perspectives on Platform Regulation (2022)

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2024-04-14

Description: Online social media platforms set the agenda and structure for public and private communication in our age. Their influence and power is beyond any traditional media empire. Their legal regulation is a pressing challenge, but currently, they are mainly governed by economic pressures. There are now diverse legislative attempts to regulate platforms in various parts of the world. The European Union and most of its Member States have historically relied on soft law, but are now looking to introduce regulation. Leading researchers of the field analyse the hard questions and the responses given by various states. The book offers legislative solutions from various parts of the world, compares regulatory concepts and assesses the use of algorithms. With contributions by Izumi Aizu, Enni Ala-Mikkula, Alexandre Alaphilippe, Natalie Alkiviadou, Alejandro Aréchiga Morales, Siwal Ashwini, Judit Bayer, Jörg Becker, Konrad Bleyer-Simon, Elda Brogi, Shun-Ling Chen, Poren Chiang, Michael Geist, Gerard Goggin, Giovanni De Gregorio, Sarah Hartmann, Maximilian Hemmert-Halswick, Maria Carolina Herrera Rubio, Bernd Holznagel, Peng Hwa Ang, Richard Janda, Jan Christopher Kalbhenn, Juliya Kharitonova, Kristiina Koivukari, Päivi Korpisaari, Jacob Mchangama, Trisha Meyer, Kilian Müller, Larissa Sannikova, Mårten Schultz, Nicole Stremlau, Maria L. Vazquez, Kuo-Wei Wu and Lorna Woods.

Keywords: Computers ; Internet ; Social Media ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UD Digital Lifestyle and online world: consumer and user guides::UDB Internet guides and online services::UDBS Social media / social networking

Language: English

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Patentability Requirements for Nanotechnological Inventions (2021)

Cisneros, Mario

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2022-01-31

Description: Die Neuerscheinung beschäftigt sich mit der Patentierbarkeit von nanotechnologischen Erfindungen.

Keywords: K1-7720 ; Markenrecht ; Urheberrecht / Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Medienrecht ; Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz

Language: English

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Hofmannsthal Jahrbuch zur Europäischen Moderne (2023)

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | Rombach Wissenschaft

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Publication Date: 2023-01-05

Description: Published

Description: Ludwig Dietz: Attributionen an Musil und Borchardt Astrid Lange-Kirchheim: Zwei frühe Rezensionen zu Arthur Schnitzlers Spätwerk Elsbeth Dangel-Pelloquin: Ein Spiel von Original und Fälschung in »Die Lästigen« Heinz Hiebler: Hofmannsthal und die Medienkultur der Moderne Bernhard Neuhoff: Ritual und Trauma bei Benjamin, Freud und Hofmannsthal Gabriele Brandstetter: Die Szene des Virtuosen Caroline Pross: Das Gesetz der Reihe in Schnitzlers »Reigen« Otto Neudeck und Gabriele Scheidt: Zerfall und Restituierung des Subjekts im dramatischen Werk Arthur Schnitzlers Isak Winkel Holm: Franz Kafkas Metaphern Bernd Stiegler: Raoul Hausmanns Theorie der Optophonetik Heiko Christians: Handkes »Poetik der Verlangsamung«

Keywords: Borchardt, Franz Kafka, Musil ; DSB

Language: German

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Transparenz des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks (2021)

Kirchhof, Paul

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2022-01-31

Description: "Der öffentlich-rechtliche Rundfunk erfüllt seinen Informationsauftrag in einer besonderen Verantwortlichkeit, ist ein auf Transparenz angelegter Informationsmittler, beansprucht für seine Journalisten aber alle Medienfreiheiten, die auch den Journalisten der konkurrierenden Medien zustehen. Auch dieser Rundfunk erschließt eine allgemein zugängliche Quelle, deren Nutzung jedermann zusteht. Die Arbeit sucht das Rundfunkverfassungsrecht, das Rundfunkorganisations- und Rundfunkfinanzierungsrecht, die Informationsfreiheitsgesetze und den Rundfunkauftrag im Rahmen des Wettbewerbsrechts in Leitgedanken zu verdichten. Auf dieser Grundlage werden Einzelfragen beantwortet, insbesondere zur Publizität von Gehältern und Honoraren, zum Erwerb von Rundfunkrechten, vor allem im Bereich von Sport und Großereignissen, zur Transparenz der Rundfunkgremien sowie zur Organisation der journalistisch-redaktionellen Arbeit und zu Grundlagen für ein Rundfunkvertrauen der Öffentlichkeit."

Keywords: K1-7720 ; P87-96 ; Geheimnis ; öffentlich-rechtlich ; Rundfunkorganisation ; Fernsehen ; Rundfunk ; Öffentlich-rechtlich ; öffentlich-rechtlicher Rundfunk ; Rundfunkfinanzierung ; Transparenz ; Senderechte

Language: German

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Classical Heroes in the 21st Century (2023)

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | Ergon Verlag

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Publication Date: 2023-11-28

Description: The study of ancient heroes in film provides an eminent contribution to our understanding of the present by identifying the upheavals, conflicts, crises and resolution strategies that manifest themselves in heroic figures. This volume approaches heroizations by examining political leadership in heroic narratives and the influence of ancient heroes on the construction of modern (super-)heroes. Studies on the negations of the heroic reveal ambivalence, fluidity and legitimization difficulties of the examined figures. Contributions on narrativization and aesthetics address didactic potentials, genre influences, intermedial references and the possible future of (de)heroization in cinematic antiquity. With contributions by Anastasia Bakogianni | Torsten Caeners | Georg Eckert | Luis Unceta Gómez | Wolfgang Hochbruck | Silvester Kreisel | Martin Lindner | Krešimir Matijević | Nils Steffensen | Alexander Vandewalle | Martin M. Winkler

Description: Published

Description: Die Untersuchung antiker Helden im Film leistet einen eminenten Beitrag zum Verständnis der Gegenwart, indem sie Umbrüche, Konflikte, Krisen und Lösungsstrategien herausarbeitet, die sich in Heldenfiguren manifestieren. Heroisierungen nähert sich der Band mit der Frage nach politischer Führung in Heldennarrativen und dem Einfluss antiker Heroen auf die Konstruktion moderner (Super-)Helden. Studien zu den Negationen des Heroischen zeigen Ambivalenz, Fluidität und Legitimierungsschwierigkeiten der Figuren auf. Beiträge zu Narrativierung und Ästhetik adressieren didaktische Potentiale, Genreeinflüsse, intermediale Bezüge und die mögliche Zukunft von (De-)Heroisierungen in der filmischen Antike. Mit Beiträgen von Anastasia Bakogianni | Torsten Caeners | Georg Eckert | Luis Unceta Gómez | Wolfgang Hochbruck | Silvester Kreisel | Martin Lindner | Krešimir Matijević | Nils Steffensen | Alexander Vandewalle | Martin M. Winkler

Keywords: cinema analysis ; de-heroizations ; difficulties of legitimation ; influence of ancient heroes ; intermedial references ; negation of the heroic ; HBLA

Language: German

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Examining the Role of Patent Quality in Large-Scale "Patent War" Litigation (2021)

Zohni, Wael

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Although the U.S. Patent System has been essential to spurring innovation, it has wavered in its efficiency and effectiveness at doing so. This research first makes historical comparison and analysis of the Apple and Wright landmark patent war cases to illustrate that, irrespective of timing, benefits of a patent system rest heavily on how well it defines and maintains “patent quality.” Much of the challenge in maintaining such quality relates to the subjective and often uncertain nature of invention criteria such as “non-obviousness.” As shown by recent trends, decreased patent quality leads to greater uncertainty about patent validity, which in turn invites more litigation. This work proposes that, in order to improve constancy on patent quality, the U.S. patent office should consider returning to original strategies envisioned by the Founders of the United States as described by a patent-registration system that emphasizes utility and public review in governing the patent granting process. Modern information technology can now be applied to effectively restore this original framework envisioned for patent quality control systems.

Keywords: K1-7720 ; Wright ; Patent Quality ; Historical Comparison ; USPTO history ; Curtiss ; Patent War Litigation ; Apple ; Historical Proposal ; patent prosecution ; Patent ; USPTO ; patent examination ; Samsung ; Restorative Patent System ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: English

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Aegis or Achilles Heel: The Dilemma of Homology in Biopatents in the Wake of Novozymes (2021)

Yang, Qinghua

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Biopatents frequently disclose sequences of polypeptides and nucleic acids in the written description. The claims often cover a homology range surrounding the disclosed sequence to get a broader protection. However, homology claims face a hurdle that they may lack support by the written description. The Supreme Court of China ruled that homology claims lack support, but a further limitation by species of origin satisfies this requirement. This study explains that homology per se should have formed the essence of such disputes. Homology dictates the skilled person’s confidence on the functionality of unknown sequences, and is involved in multiple patentability requirements. Thus, the assessment of support is not an isolated matter. Disparity of different requirements creates an unclaimable gap, and constitutes a discrimination to biotechnology. An appropriate test for the support requirement is thus furnished to confer a scope of protection commensurating to the technical contribution.

Keywords: K1-7720 ; polypeptide ; homology ; Achilles Heel ; Biopatents ; Novozymes ; Chinese patent law ; protein ; Aegis Heel ; support requirement ; Dilemma of Homology ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: English

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Wege zu einer Ethik (2023)

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | Ergon Verlag

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Publication Date: 2023-06-26

Description: Islamic theological studies in Germany are regularly asked about the contribution of ‘Islamic ethics’ to the present. This raises the question of how contemporary ethical questions can be answered with respect to Islamic theological tradition. This book first presents four conceptions of ethics by scholars of different theological orientations from Islamic history. This is followed by a discussion of four contemporary examples from the field of sexual ethics, in which these approaches are made fruitful for their discussion. With contributions by Fatma Akan Ayyildiz, Bahattin Akyol, Dr. Mehrdad Alipour and Selma Schwarz.

Description: Published

Description: An die islamisch-theologischen Studien in Deutschland werden regelmäßig Anfragen gerichtet, die auf den Beitrag der „islamischen Ethik“ für die Gegenwart abzielen. Dabei stellt sich die Frage, wie zeitgenössische ethische Fragen mit Rücksicht auf die islamisch-theologische Tradition beantwortet werden können. Das vorliegende Buch präsentiert zunächst vier Ethikkonzeptionen von Gelehrten unterschiedlicher theologischer Ausrichtung aus der islamischen Geschichte. Darauf folgt die Besprechung von vier zeitgenössischen Beispielen aus dem Bereich der Sexualethik, in der diese Ansätze für ihre Besprechung fruchtbar gemacht werden. Mit Beiträgen von Fatma Akan Ayyildiz, Bahattin Akyol, Dr. Mehrdad Alipour und Selma Schwarz.

Keywords: Fiqh ; Islam ; Islamische Ethik ; Islamische Theologie ; Kultur ; malikitische Rechtsschule ; muslimische Zivilgesellschaft ; Normenlehre ; Religion ; schafiitische Rechtsschule ; HRH

Language: English , German

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Soziale Marktwirtschaft in der digitalen Zukunft (2023)

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-09-11

Description: This book contains the results of a strategic forecast conducted for the Federal Ministry of Economics on the implications of digitalisation for the social market economy with a time horizon until 2035. Foresight method-ology is used to develop road maps for eight key technologies as well as six scenarios on topics such as the platform economy, Industry 4.0, artificial intelligence and sustainability. Potential future impacts of digitalisa-tion are analysed, and economic and regulatory policy options are derived from this. This interdisciplinary cooperative project links expertise from futures research, economics, particularly com-petition economics, and law.

Description: Published

Description: Dieses Buch enthält die Ergebnisse einer strategischen Vorausschau für das Bundeswirtschaftsministerium zu den Implikationen der Digitalisierung für die Soziale Marktwirtschaft mit Zeithorizont bis 2035. Mittels der Foresight-Methodik werden Roadmaps zu acht Schlüsseltechnologien sowie sechs Szenarien um Themen wie Plattformökonomie, Industrie 4.0, Künstliche Intelligenz und Nachhaltigkeit entwickelt. Szenario-Wirkungen werden analysiert und daraus wirtschafts- und ordnungspolitische Handlungsoptionen abgeleitet. Diese interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit bündelt u. a. Expertise aus der Zukunftsforschung, den Wirtschaftswissenschaften, insbesondere der Wettbewerbsökonomie, sowie den Rechtswissenschaften.

Keywords: artificial intelligence ; BMWK ; competition economics ; Digitalisierung ; Foresight-Methodik ; economic policy ; KCB

Language: German

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Verwaltungsverfahren und Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz (2021)

Ramsauer, Ulrich ; Schmidt-Aßmann, Eberhard ; Gerhardt, Michael ; [et al.]

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Neue Herausforderungen im europäischen und deutschen Recht, neue Verfahrenskonzepte und neue Typen von Verwaltungsentscheidungen fordern Antworten im Verwaltungsverfahrensrecht. Der Band behandelt Verfahrensregeln, unterschiedliche Verfahrensschritte und deren Vernetzungen sowie das Zusammenspiel förmlicher und nicht förmlicher Verfahren. Zu bekannten Verfahrenstypen – wie Auswahl-, Zulassungs-, Planungs- und Überwachungsverfahren – treten neue hinzu, etwa Vergabe- und Versteigerungsverfahren, zur Auditierung sowie im Zuge europäischer Verwaltungskooperation. Die Beiträge behandeln das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen evolutionären Änderungen in der Rechtsdogmatik und der Kodifikation neuer Verfahrensformen und -typen. Sie sind Teil der nunmehr seit über zehn Jahren in dieser Schriftenreihe dokumentierten Bemühungen um eine Reform des Verwaltungsrechts. Sie analysieren Verwaltungsverfahren als Mittel der Artikulation und Abklärung von Interessen im Problemlösungsprozess, als Garanten der Richtigkeit zu treffender Entscheidungen, aber auch als Weg zur Vorverlagerung von Rechtsschutz.

Keywords: K1-7720 ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: German

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I Don't Even Recognize You Anymore (2021)

Niedersüß, Carl Dominik J.

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Traditional trade marks have become a rarity, widely replaced by more appealing means of market communication. Fueled by the CJEU's liberal jurisdiction, widening the subject matter eligible for trade mark protection, a whole new world of opportunity has opened up to advertisers.

Keywords: K1-7720 ; Unterhaltungs- und Medienrecht ; Marke ; Urheberrecht / Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Medienrecht ; Herstellernamen ; Medienrecht ; Herkunftszeichen ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: English

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Arbeitsunfall 4.0 (2021)

Aumann, Annemarie

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2022-01-31

Description: Digitisation and tertiarisation have made it difficult to categorise activities as private or work-related. The two notions that have traditionally been used to make that distinction – i.e. place of work and working time – are losing their importance. An increasing number of employees are subject to the phenomenon of blurred boundaries: They set their own hours, work from home or on-the-go. German Social Accident Insurance, however, determines the question of coverage on the allocation of the accident to either the work sphere or the private sphere of the aggrieved party. The book explores the extent to which it is necessary to modernise the way risks are allocated in order to not discriminate against those who have jobs outside of traditional parameters and discusses whether it is still adequate to base allocation mechanisms on the principles of the employers’ business risk and duties of care. By way of extensive dogmatic analysis and a comparison with other systems of risk allocation, the study proposes a modern take on allocating risks with just results for both employers and employees from all fields of work.

Keywords: HD28-9999 ; Unfallversicherung ; Betriebsrisiko ; Unfallkausalität ; Arbeitswelt 4.0 ; operational risk ; Arbeitsverhältnis ; privates Risiko ; employee ; accident insurance law ; Risikosphäre ; Arbeit 4.0 ; digitization ; Betriebsrisikolehre ; Arbeitgeber ; employment relationship ; employer ; Digitalisierung ; Arbeitnehmer ; Risikozurechnung ; Unfallversicherungsrecht ; Aumann ; moderne Arbeitswelt ; Risikoverteilung ; Betriebsrisikotheorie ; Arbeitsunfall ; work accident ; berufliches Risiko ; accident insurance ; Dienstunfall

Language: German

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Der (Privat-)Wohnungseinbruchdiebstahl nach § 244 Abs. 1 Nr. 3, Abs. 4 StGB (2023)

Obert, Annika

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-08-14

Description: This study addresses the phenomenon of domestic burglary (§ 244 (1) No. 3, (4) German Criminal Code). Particular emphasis is placed on the realities of criminal sentencing for this offense. Based on a multi-perspective analysis of the various appearances of the phenomenon and its legal classification, the study examines the reform of § 244 GCC and the realities of sentencing in criminal courts for the offense. In particular, discrepancies in sentencing that cannot be adequately explained by differences in factual circumstances of the underlying cases, and deficits in the written reasons for sentencing decisions are highlighted. The study reveals a need for action in the field of criminal sentencing.

Description: Published

Description: Das Werk widmet sich dem (Privat-)Wohnungseinbruchdiebstahl nach § 244 Abs. 1 Nr. 3, Abs. 4 StGB. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Rechtswirklichkeit der Strafzumessung bei dem Delikt. Auf Grundlage einer multiperspektivischen Betrachtung der Erscheinungsformen des Phänomens und seiner rechtlichen Bewertung untersucht die Arbeit die Reform des Tatbestandes und die Praxis der tatgerichtlichen Strafzumessung bei dem Delikt. Insbesondere werden Unterschiede im Strafmaß, die nicht hinreichend durch Sachverhaltsunterschiede der zugrundeliegenden Fälle erklärt werden können, sowie Defizite in der Begründung der Strafzumessungsentscheidungen aufgezeigt. Die Arbeit legt einen Handlungsbedarf im Strafzumessungsrecht offen.

Keywords: LNF

Language: German

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The Queer Intersectional in Contemporary Germany (2021)

Sweetapple, Christopher

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Anti-racist and queer politics have tentatively converged in the activist agendas, organizing strategies and political discourses of the radical left all over the world. Pejoratively dismissed as »identity politics«, the significance of this cross-pollination of theorizing and political solidarities has yet to be fully countenanced. Even less well understood, coalitions of anti-racist and queer activisms in western Europe have fashioned durable organizations and creative interventions to combat regnant anti-Muslim and anti-migrant racism within mainstream gay and lesbian culture and institutions, just as the latter consolidates and capitalizes on their uneven inclusions into national and international orders. The essays in this volume represent a small snapshot of writers working at this point of convergence between anti-racist and queer politics and scholarship from the context of Germany. Translated for the first time into English, these four writers and texts provide a compelling introduction to what the introductory essay calls »a Berlin chapter of the Queer Intersectional«, that is, an international justice movement conducted in the key of academic analysis and political speech which takes inspiration from and seeks to synthesize the fruitful concoction of anti-racist, queer, feminist and anti-capitalist traditions, movements and theories.With contributions by Judith Butler, Zülfukar Çetin, Sabine Hark, Daniel Hendrickson, Heinz-Jürgen-Voß, Salih Alexander Wolter and Koray Yılmaz-Günay

Keywords: HM401-1281 ; JA1-92 ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFP Social interaction

Language: English

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Die neue Europäische Staatsanwaltschaft (2023)

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-03-16

Description: With the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor's Office (EPPO), a quantum leap in cross-border criminal prosecution in Europe has been achieved. One year after the start of operational activities, a conference took place at the University of Munich, which was dedicated to initial experiences, practical problems as well as unresolved scientific questions in connection with the EPPO. The contributions in the accompanying conference proceedings concern the practice of cross-border criminal proceedings, questions of jurisdiction in investigative proceedings, cooperation with national investigative authorities, gathering and utilisation of evidence, as well as the transnationality of criminal prosecution as a challenge for criminal defence.

Description: Published

Description: Mit der Gründung der Europäischen Staatsanwaltschaft (EUStA) ist ein Quantensprung in der grenzüberschreitenden Strafverfolgung in Europa gelungen. Ein Jahr nach Aufnahme der operativen Tätigkeit fand eine Tagung an der LMU München statt, die sich ersten Erfahrungen, praktischen Problemen sowie ungeklärten wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen im Zusammenhang mit der EUStA widmete. Die Beiträge im zugehörigen Tagungsband betreffen die Praxis grenzüberschreitender Strafverfahren, Zuständigkeitsfragen im Ermittlungsverfahren, die Zusammenarbeit mit nationalen Ermittlungsbehörden, Beweiserhebung und Beweisverwertung sowie die Transnationalität der Strafverfolgung als Herausforderung für die Strafverteidigung.

Keywords: Banden, Criminal Law, EPPO, EU-Haushalt, Europäische Strafverfolgung, Europäischer Staatsanwalt, Europäisierung des Strafrechts, European Prosecutor, EUStA, justizielle Zusammenarbeit, Laura Codruta Kövesi, OLAF, Organisierte Kriminalität, Transnationale Strafverfolgung, Wirtschaftskriminalität ; LBBZ

Language: German

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Hofmannsthal Jahrbuch zur Europäischen Moderne (2023)

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | Rombach Wissenschaft

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Publication Date: 2023-01-13

Description: Published

Description: Klaus E. Bohnenkamp: Hofmannsthals Egeria. Elsa Prinzessin Cantacuzène, später verheiratete Bruckmann, im Briefwechsel mit dem Dichter vom 24. November 1893 bis zum 10. Januar 1894 in Wien Hans Peter Buohler: Der Briefwechsel zwischen Karl Gustav Vollmoeller und Hugo von Hofmannsthal Ursula Renner: 'Lieutenant Gustl zittert vor den Folgen' Thomas Nehrlich: Die Insubordination des Wachtmeisters Lerch. Zum Konflikt zwischen Ökonomie und Militär in Hofmannsthals 'Reitergeschichte' Heinz Rölleke: Bruno Wille – ein Zeugnis zeitgenössischer 'Jedermann'-Rezeption Thorsten Unger: Die Bestechung des ›Unbestechlichen‹. Zu Art und Funktion der Komik in Hugo von Hofmannsthals Komödie Gerhard Neumann: Die Welt im Fenster. Erkennungsszenen in der Literatur Stefan Tetzlaff: Paul Scheerbarts astrale Hermeneutik. Vorschlag zu einer Bestimmung des Begriffs ›Neoromantik‹ Günter Saße: Eine Leiche begeht Selbstmord. Joseph Roth: 'Der Radetzkymarsch' Ulrike Stamm: Das Tier als Denkfigur bei Elias Canetti Gerhard Kaiser: Welt ist Text und Text wird Welt. Christoph Ransmayrs Roman 'Die letzte Welt' Rolf G. Renner: Von der Kreativität des Einzelnen und ihrer Subversion

Keywords: Egeria， Elsa Prinzessin Cantacuzène， Reitergeschichte ; DSB

Language: German

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Kronzeugeninformationen im kartellrechtlichen Schadensersatzprozess (2021)

Helmdach, Katharina

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Der Zugriff auf Informationen, die Kronzeugen an die Kartellbehörden übermitteln, kann für Schadensersatzkläger zur Substantiierung ihrer Klagen von Bedeutung sein. Das Informationsbedürfnis der Schadensersatzkläger kollidiert jedoch mit dem Interesse, effektive Kronzeugenprogramme im Rahmen der behördlichen Kartellrechtsdurchsetzung aufrecht zu erhalten.Die Arbeit untersucht die Lösungsmodelle für das durch einen derartigen Informationszugriff entstehende Spannungsverhältnis zwischen öffentlicher und privater Kartellrechtsdurchsetzung im deutschen Recht vor und nach Inkrafttreten der 9. GWB-Novelle, im europäischen Recht unter Einbeziehung der Schadensersatzrichtlinie und der Transparenzverordnung sowie für Aspekte des US-amerikanischen Rechts. Dabei wird erörtert, ob die Regelungen der Schadensersatzrichtlinie und der 9. GWB-Novelle in Konflikt zum Primärrecht der Europäischen Union stehen. In Anlehnung an das amerikanische Recht wird erwogen, die Haftungsprivilegierung der Kronzeugen an Kooperationsleistungen im Schadensersatzprozess zu knüpfen.

Keywords: K1-7720 ; Wirtschaftsrecht ; Wettbewerbsrecht ; Schadensersatz ; Schadensersatzprozess ; Kartellrecht ; Kronzeugen ; Richtlinie 2014/104/EU ; Zugang zu Dokumenten ; 9. GWB-Novelle ; discovery ; Kronzeugeninformationen ; Transparenz ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: German

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Die dunklen Seiten des Konsums (2021)

Heidbrink, Ludger ; Gröppel-Klein, Andrea

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-12-20

Description: Vor knapp dreißig Jahren ist die Metapher „the dark sides of consumer behavior“ in die Konsumentenverhaltensforschung eingeführt worden. So setzen sich Konsumenten mit ihrem Verhalten manchmal wissend ins Unrecht, betrachten ihre Vergehen aber als "smarte Kavaliersdelikte". Zudem erliegen Menschen schädlichen Versuchungen und neigen zu Süchten. Schließlich agieren Verbraucher oft egoistischer oder weniger nachhaltig, als sie von sich selbst behaupten. Die Beiträge in diesem Buch knüpfen an dieses Generalthema an, widmen sich den dunklen Seiten und regen an, dass Nachfrager und Anbieter manche Verhaltensweisen überdenken und auch Gegenstrategien entwickeln sollten. Mit Beiträgen von Tilman Becker, Jonas Grauel, Andrea Gröppel-Klein, Rita Hagl-Kehl, Ludger Heidbrink, Stefan Hoffmann, Martin Klug, Jörn Lamla, Janina Loh, Kaspar Maase, Tobias Matzner, Julian Nida-Rümelin, Anja Spilski, Nathalie Weidenfeld, Marius Wuketich. About 30 years ago, the metaphor of ‘the dark sides of consumer behaviour’ was introduced in consumer behaviour research. Consumers sometimes knowingly place themselves in the wrong with their behaviour (as in the case of fraudulent returning of products, for example), but regard their misdemeanours as ‘smart peccadilloes’. In addition, people succumb to harmful temptations and tend towards addictions (e.g. in the form of gambling). Finally, consumers often act more selfishly (or less sustainably) than they claim to. The contributions in this book examine this general topic, address the dark sides of consumerism and encourage both consumers and companies to rethink some of their behaviour and also develop counter-strategies to it. With contributions by Tilman Becker, Jonas Grauel, Andrea Gröppel-Klein, Rita Hagl-Kehl, Ludger Heidbrink, Stefan Hoffmann, Martin Klug, Jörn Lamla, Janina Loh, Kaspar Maase, Tobias Matzner, Julian Nida-Rümelin, Anja Spilski, Nathalie Weidenfeld, Marius Wuketich.

Keywords: K1-7720 ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law

Language: German

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Feelings about Law/Justice. Rechtsgefühle (2023)

Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG | Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG

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Publication Date: 2023-06-26

Description: Rechtsgefühle (feelings about law and justice) influence legal processes, politics as well as attitudes towards law, and have centrally impacted legal history. Using Rudolph von Jhering’s The Struggle for Law (1872) as a point of departure, the essays explore ‘legal feelings’ as a sensus juridicus – a judge’s effort to make legal norms fit the facts at hand –, as the emotions evoked by laws and legal processes, and as catalysts for legal reforms. Rechtsgefühle prove themselves pertinent with regard to the history of emotions, in respect to neuroscientific approaches to law and calls for computational law, and in terms of the ever thorny topic of how law should differ from politics. The authors argue for a plurality of Rechtsgefühle. With contributions by Prof. Dr. Gabriele Britz, Prof. Dr. Jeanne Gaakeer, Prof. Dr. Thorsten Keiser, Prof. Dr. Sylvia Kesper-Biermann, Prof. Dr. Frans-Willem Korsten, Prof. Dr. Greta Olson and Prof. Dr. Franz Reimer.

Description: Published

Description: „Rechtsgefühl“ kann das individuelle Gerechtigkeitsempfinden, das Judiz der Richterin im Entscheidungsfindungsprozess, das emotionale Aufbäumen der unterlegenen Partei nach der Entscheidung, eine kollektive Rechtsüberzeugung bezeichnen. Verweise auf das „Rechtsgefühl“ werden oft genutzt, um Rechtssysteme oder einzelne Rechtsakte von innen oder von außen zu legitimieren oder zu delegitimieren. Als sozialer Kompass und normative Rechtfertigung versagt „Rechtsgefühl“ dagegen, wenn es mit zahlreichen gegenläufigen Rechtsgefühlen konkurriert. Dieser Frage nach dem Stellenwert divergierender Rechts- und Gerechtigkeitsempfindungen gehen die in diesem Band versammelten Beiträge aus praktischer, theoretischer und historischer Perspektive nach. Mit Beiträgen von Prof. Dr. Gabriele Britz, Prof. Dr. Jeanne Gaakeer, Prof. Dr. Thorsten Keiser, Prof. Dr. Sylvia Kesper-Biermann, Prof. Dr. Frans-Willem Korsten, Prof. Dr. Greta Olson und Prof. Dr. Franz Reimer.

Keywords: Affekte ; Emotionalitätsforschung ; Emotionen ; Gerechtigkeit ; Rechtsgeschichte ; Rechtsphilosophie ; Rechtstheorie ; Rechtsgefühle ; Law and Affect ; Legality ; Legal History ; Law and Politics ; LAB

Language: English , German

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