ALBERT

Note: Contents: Preface. - Part I German oceanographic institutions. - Part II German oceanographic expeditions. - Part III German oceanographers. - References.

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction St. Marys River Ice problems Remedial measures Field studies Highlights, trends, and major findings Modifications to boom Maximum forces Ship traffic Characteristics Effect of boom forces Effect on ice Conclusion Literature cited Appendix A: Ice boom forces

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Experiments Test flume facility Experimental apparatus Experimental procedure Results Plastic versus freshwater ice Shoreline forces Boom forces Average shear stress under ice cover Internal forces Discussion Data scatter Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Experimental results

Note: Contents: 1. Introduction to urban Geosimulation ; 2. Formalizing Geosimulation with Geographic Automata Systems (GAS) ; 3. System Theory, Geography, and Urban Modelling ; 4. Modelling urban land usage with cellular automata ; 5. Modelling Urban Dynamics with Multi-Agent Systems ; 6. Finale: Epistemology of Geosimulation

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Test sections Installing instruments and sampling Laboratory tests Asphalt concrete Base, subbase and subgrade soils Data analysis for base, subbase and subgrade soils Field tests Analysis of plate loading tests Analytical approach Results Discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Field data Appendix B: Ground temperatures, moisture tension, water table and freezing iso-therms prevailing during plate loading tests Appendix C: Measured surface deflections compared with deflections calculated by NELAPAV Appendix D: Resilient moduli and supporting data calculated by NELAPA V at radius 0.0, taxiways A and B.

Note: Contents Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Test objectives Experimental setup and procedures Facilities Test fixture Data acquisiton system Ice sheets Measurement of ice properties Daily test summary Experimental results and discussion Observations Ice force records Frequency of ice force variations Discussion Maximum crushing forces Mean effective pressure or specific energy of ice in crushing Failure energy of ice Ratio of maximum force to mean force Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Data for continuous crushing tests

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Members of Permanent Working Groups and Groups of Specialists of SCAR. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 1987 - October 1988. - II. Planned Activities, October 1988 - October 1989. - References. - Addenda to Former Reports. - Index of Activities.

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Members of Permanent Working Groups and Groups of Specialists of SCAR. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 1986 - October 1987. - II. Planned Activities, October 1987 - October 1988. - References. - Addenda to Former Reports. - Index of Activities.

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 83-October 84. - II. Planned Activities, October 84-October 85. - References.

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 80-October 81. - II. Planned Activities, October 81-October 82. - References.

Note: VOLUME III PART 2 : POSTER CONTRIBUTIONS (continued) M. Braune: SIMPLIFIED MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR BACKSCATTERING OF X-RAYS H.-W. Thümmel, G. Korner, J.W. Leonhardt: STATE AND PERFORMANCE OF ON-STREAM ASH CONTENT DETERMINATION IN LIGNITE AND BLACK COAL USING THE 2-ENERGY TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUE H.-W. Thümmel, G. Korner, Oh. Beutel, W. Riedel, U. Gräfenhain, J.W. Leonhardt: KRAS-2 - A GAUGE FOR THE ON-STREAM DETERMINATION OF THE ASH CONTENT IN RAW LIGNITE AT POWER STATIONS D. Fritzsche, H.-W. Thümmel: A SCATTER MODEL FOR CAlCULATION OF GAMMA RAY INTENSITIES IN SCATTER-TRANSMISSION GEOMETRY L. Meray, E. Hazi: DECONTAMINATION TEST WITH ISOTOPE INDUCED X-RAY FLUORESCENCE METHOD H. Silveira da Silva: CALCULATION OF THE DOSIMETER RESPONSE AS A FUNCTION OF THE GAMMA RADIATION ENERGY L. Wawrzonek, J. Parus: OPTIMIZATION OF RADIOMETRIC METHOD OF ASH CONTENT DETERMINATION IN BROWN COAL SAMPLES G. Körner, G. Fischer, D. Fritzsche, J.W. Leonhardt, K. Rosenbaum, H.-W. Thümmel: EXPERIENCE IN RADIOMETRIC ON-LINE DETERMINATION R. Göldner, E. Maul, D. Wagner: FAST NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF BROWN COAL SAMPLES FOR SILICON AND ASH B. Heinrich, K. Irmer, R. Pötschke: FAST ANALYSIS OF CARBON CONTENT BY INELASTIC SCATTERING OF NEUTRONS H.-W. Thümmel, M. Frenzel, D. Fritzsche, T. Cechak, J. Kluson: INFLUENCE OF SAMPLE INHOMOGENEITIES ON THE SIGNAL OF 60 keV SCATTER-TRANSMISSION ASH GAUGES W. Michel, U. Paul, D. Luther, H.-G. Könnecke, H.-C. Abendroth: STUDIES ON THE RESIDENCE TIME BEHAVIOUR OF TECHNICAL GRAIN SIZES IN FLUIDIZED BEDS Z. Kolar, J. Thýn, W. Martens, A. Korving: THE MEASUREMENT OF GAS RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION IN A PRESSURIZED FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTOR USING 41Ar AS RADIOTRACER E. Iller, B.J. Trznadel: OPERATION EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF LOOP REACTOR FOR COAL LIQUEFACTION, ON THE GROUNDS OF RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATIONS K. Wagner, T. Grätsch, J. Schüttau: PROCESS ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GRAPHITE ELECTRODES BY THE AID OF RADIOISOTOPES G. Krüger, V. Kliem, M. Kreher, N. Boy: A COMPUTER-AIDED X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYZER WITH RADIONUCLIDE EXCITATION H. Firganek, A. Żak, J. Siewierski, S. Zielienski: RADIOISOTOPE INVESTIGATIONS OF WATER LEACHING OF VANADIUM COMPOUNDS FROM POLYMETALLIC ORE D. Degering, S. Unterricker: DETERMINATION OF SMALL YTTRIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN GEOLOGICAL SAMPLES BY CHARGED PARTICLE ACTIVATION ANALYSIS J. Parus: DETERMINATION OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS WITH RADIOISOTOPE EXCITED X-RAY FLUORESCENCE E. Kowalska, P. Urbański, D. Wagner, H. Bruchertseifer: DETERMINATION OF SILVER CONTENT IN SOME CARRIER MATERIALS BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUE L. Rowinska, L. Waliś, W. Dalecki, M. Kusowski: EFFICIENCY OF METAL PURIFICATION BY VACUUM DISTILLATION TECHNIQUE A. Salamon, Z. Demendy: AN EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY FOR THE MOTION AND TRAPPING OF INCLUSIONS DURING CONTINUOUS CASTING OF STEEL L. Petryka, Z. Stegowski, L. Furman: COMPLEX INVESTIGATIONS OF COPPER ORE DRESSING PROCESS L. Petryka, Z. Stegowski, L. Furman: MODELLING OF COPPER ORE CONCENTRATION PROCESS J. Palige: RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATION OF THE COPPER PRODUCTION FLASH PROCESS R. Rachlitz, J. Holzhey, W. Böhme, H. Bohmeier, H. Gärtner: SULPHUR DISTRIBUTION, PRINCIPLE OF SOLIDIFICATION AND THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE LIQUID-SOLID INTERFACE IN CONTINOUS COPPER CASTING H. Jaskolska., L. Waliś, C. Janusz: INVESTIGATIONS OF CALCIUM DISTRIBUTION IN GGG MONOCRYSTALS BY MEANS OF LABELLED ATOMS METHOD M. Harasimowicz, J. Palige: RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATIONS OF THE GLASS MELTING PROCESS IN TANK FURNACES G. Philipp, H. Hippius, K. Köpping, H. Ulrich: SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT RADIOTRACERS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF HOMOGENIZING PROCESSES IN GLASS MELTING FURNACES H. Kupsch, W. Heller: AN ACCELERATOR PRODUCED SHORT-LIVED RADIONUCLIDE FOR THE TRACERTECHNIQUE OF GYPSUM IN A LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION PLANT OF GAS CONCRETE W. Stuchlik, A. Knobloch, B. Kupsch, H.-W. Thümmel, S. Volker: RADIOMETRIC RESIDUAL VOLUME MONITORING IN LARGE BINS USING A MICROCOMPUTER D. Eckstein, H.-G. Jäckel, H. Stechemesser, D. Espig: RADIAL DISTRIBUTION OF MATERIAL IN A BOND MILL DETERMINED BY RADIOTRACER TECHNIQUE A. Zeuner, K. Henning, M. Kiessling: INVESTIGATION OF THE MATERIAL TRANSPORT BEHAVIOUR OF TUBE- AND TROUGH- VIBRATION MILLS BY RADIOACTIVE INDICATORS H. Kupsch, W. Heller: A METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF A WET MIXER K.-D. Weißenborn, H.-P. Chowanetz, H. Ulrich, K. Köpping: RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATIONS IN LARGE HOMOGENIZATION SILOS TO DETERMINE THE MOTION OF PARTICLES OF DIFFERENT SIZES G.-J. Beyer, M. Böttger, K. Eichhorn, H. Guratzsch, H. Kupsch, K. Regel, G. Winter: USING OF THE ROSSENDORF CYCLOTRON U-120 IN SCIENCE, MEDICINE AND TECHNOLOGY M. Waiblinger, T. Kuhrt, H. Bergmann, K. Hertwig, K. Köpping, H. Ulrich: RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATIONS IN ELECTROLYSE CELLS - SPECIAL PROBLEMS AND USE FOR PROCESS CONTROL K.-D. Rauchstein, H. Leder, W. Walter, K. Köpping, H. Ulrich: RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATIONS IN TECHNICAL MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS AND PRACTICAL USE FOR THE VALUATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC CONDITIONS IN CHEMICAL MULTISTAGE COLUMNES E. Iller, T. Klimkiewicz: OPERATION ANALYSIS OF DIGESTER IN THE CONTINUOUS COOKING PROCESS OF PINEWOOD CHIPS, ON THE GROUNDS OF RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATIONS H. Vocke: DETERMINATION OF RESIDENCE TIME DISPERSION OF POLYMER MELTS IN SPINNING MACHINES BY TRACER APPLICATION J. Flachowsky, H.-H. Deicke: A SIMPLE MONITORING TECHNIQUE TO MEASURE THE RADIOACTIVITY LEVEL OF MEMBRANE FILTERS J. Flachowsky: DETERMINATION OF THE KINETICS OF TRACE ELEMENT ADSORPTION ON SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES USING RADIOANALYTICAL AND AUTORADIOGRAPHIC METHODS

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Testing Material Specimen preparation Testing procedure and apparatus Results Discussion Peak tensile strength, σm Failure tensile strain, ϵf Initial tangent modulus and 50% peak strength modulus Discussion of test techniques Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Physical properties of Fairbanks silt specimens Appendix B: Unfrozen water content data of Fairbanks silt with three typical water contents

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Measurements Spectra u and w velocity spectra Temperature and humidity spectra Inertial-dissipation estimates Cospectra u-w cospectra w-t and w-q cospectra t-q cospectra Refractive index spectra Conclusions Literature cited

Note: 1 Kartenbeilage unter dem Titel: Neuschwabenland (West) 〈1 : 2.000.000〉, Bildflugroutenübersicht Antarktis-Expediton 1983/84 = Aerial Survey Route Map. - 2. Ausgabe. - Frankfurt am Main : Institut für Angewandte Geodäsie (IfAG), 1985. , 1 Beilage unter dem Titel: Supplement to National Antarctic Research Report to SCAR, No. 7 (July 1985) , Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Members of Permanent Working Groups and Groups of Specialists of SCAR. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 84-October 85. - II. Planned Activities, October 1985 - October 1986. - References. - Addenda to Former Reports. - Index of Activities.

Note: Contents: Membership of the National Committee on Antarctic Research in the Federal Republic of Germany. - Introduction. - Stations. - I. Record of Activities (past and ongoing), April 81-October 82. - II. Planned Activities, October 82-October 83. - References.

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART ONE: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENTS OF ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - CONSIDERATION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS BY SCAR AND ANTARCTIC TREATY CONSULTATIVE PARTIES. - ANTARCTIC TREATY RESOLUTIONS ON ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - WMO RESOLUTIONS AND PRINCIPLES ON ANTARCTIC COMMUNICATIONS. - 1. Introduction. - 2. Engineering principles of the GTS. - 3. Functions and responsibilities of Meteorological Telecommunications Centres. - 4. Characteristics of the networks of the GTS. - 5. Operational principles of the GTS. - 6. The transmission of meteorological data on the GTS. - 7. Collection and transmission of meteorological data. - 8. Data processing. - 9. Telecommunications system. - 10. Weather reporting by traverse parties. - 11. Automatic weather stations in the Antarctic. - 12. AIREP reports. - 13. Mobile ship stations. - OTHER RELEVANT RECOMMENDATIONS AND RESOLUTIONS. - APPENDICES. - APPENDIX I. - Manual on the Global Data Processing System. - Vol. II - regional aspects, the Antarctic. - Data-processing and meteorological service activities in the Antarctic. - APPENDIX II. - Stations and observational programs comprising the Basic Synoptic Network in the Antarctic. - APPENDIX III. - Network of CLIMA T and CLIMAT TEMP reporting stations in the Antarctic. - APPENDIX IV. - Summary information of the collection of meteorological observational data by individual centres. - APPENDIX V. - Manual on the Global Telecommunications System. - Vol. II - regional aspects, the Antarctic. - Antarctic data telecommunications arrangements. - , TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART TWO: INTRODUCTION TO PART TWO. - RADIO PROCEDURES IN ANTARCTICA. - Introduction. - Distress and emergency procedures. - Control of circuits. - Traffic procedures. - USES OF CODES AND ABBREVIATIONS. - General. - Radio telegraphy. - Radio telephony. - Signal reporting codes. - Unofficial codes. - RADIO TELEPHONE OPERATIONS. - RADIO TELEPRINTER (RTTY) PROCEDURE. - General. - Preparation of teleprinter tapes. - General message format. - METEOROLOGICAL MESSAGES. - Introduction. - Format of meteorological messages. - Addressed messages. - Additional procedures. - Types of meteorological data messages. - List of stations carrying out meteorological observations. - Radio facsimile broadcasts of meteorological analyses charts. - Radio Teletype broadcasts of coded meteorological data. - ANTARCTIC STATIONS FITTED WITH INMARSAT FACILITIES. - EXCHANGE INFORMATION ON ANTARCTIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS. - EQUIPMENT AND SCHEDULES.

Note: Contents Foreword by UNEP Foreword by WGMS Summary 1 Introduction 2 Glaciers and climate 3 Global distribution of glaciers and ice caps 4 Glacier fluctuation series 5 Global glacier changes 6 Regional glacier changes 6.1 New Guinea 6.2 Africa 6.3 New Zealand 6.4 Scandinavia 6.5 Central Europe 6.6 South America 6.7 Northern Asia 6.8 Antarctica 6.9 Central Asia 6.10 North America 6.11 Arctic Islands 7 Conclusions References Appendix 1 - National Correspondents of the WGMS Appendix 2 - Meta-data on available fluctuation data

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background Objectives and procedures Equipment used Radar TDR Definitions Massive ice Results Artificial wedge: Norwich, Vermont Ice wedges in sand: Fish Creek, Alaska Ice wedges: Prudhoe Bay, Alaska Ice wedges under thawed fine-grained soils: North Slope, Alaska Wedge-like soil structures: Ft. Greely, Alaska TDR measurements Summary and concluding remarks Literature cited Appendix A: Brief discussion of dispersion

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Description of study Model results The problem Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Methods Site selection and preparation Prespill assessment Seawater application Postspill assessment Enzyme assay and analysis of soil flora Results and discussion Soil-solution conductivities Vascular plant response Cryptogam response Site factors and plant response Soil flora and extracellular soil enzymes Limitations of this study Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Plant taxa included in this study

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Stream bank erosional processes Permafrost and related factors Permafrost and erosion General Erosional processes Bank zone processes Bluff zone processes Factors affecting perm afrost erodibility Exposure to currents and wind waves Texture and stratigraphy Ice content, distribution and type Slope aspect Coriolis force Timing and depth of thaw Water level and temperature Vegetation Ice and snow cover Groundwater Rates and timing of erosion and recession Overall effects of permafrost Recommendations for research Literature cited Appendix A : Processes of stream bank modifications

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Non-melting heat transfer relations for horizontal surfaces Heat transfer for melting horizontal ice sheets Instrument setup, data acquisition and test procedures General Instrumentation Data acquisition Computer software Test procedures Data output from computer Equations used for data analysis Control volume and melting surface Control of variables Error analysis Experimental results and discussion Wave formation Temperature and velocity profiles in open channel flow Correlation of data Summary Literature cited Appendix A: Conversion equations for data acquisition equipment Appendix B: Computer code for data acquisition and analysis Appendix C: Typical test output Appendix D: Thermal properties of water and ice Appendix E: Error analysis Appendix F: Summary of test conditions Appendix G: Experimental data and calculated quantities, with inlet length

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Aerodynamically rough surface Aerodynamically smooth surface Scalar transfer coefficients Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Basic finite-element formulas Description of problem Finite-element equation-fixed mesh Finite-element equation-deforming mesh Transfinite mapping technique Computations and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A : Point heat sources Appendix B: Evaluation of the integral including latent heat (fixed mesh) Appendix C: Specification of [K] -deforming mesh Appendix D: Specifying δΤ/δn and the direction of mj for method I Appendix E: Procedures of method 2 Appendix F: Explanation of programs

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Chapter 1. Introduction Location Purpose of study Previous work Chapter 2. Methodology Geology Overland erosion Wave erosion Frost penetration and heave Thaw failure Bank recession Ground water Soil moisture Chapter 3. Results Geology Geotechnical properties Overland erosion Wave erosion Freeze-thaw phenomena Ground water fluctuations Other slope failures Chapter 4. Discussion Overland erosion Wave erosion Thaw failure Universal soil loss equation Chapter 5. Summary and conclusions Techniques Erosion processes at Orwell lake Bank recession Literature cited Appendix A1: Average cumulative change of surface at erosion stations #2-12, 1980-81 Appendix A2: Cumulative net changes at overland erosion stations #1-12, 1980-81 Appendix A3: Cumulative net changes at overland erosion stations #1 -12, 198 1-82 Appendix A4: Cumulative average erosion at overland erosion stations #1-12, 1980-81 Appendix AS: Cumulative average erosion at overland erosion stations #1-12, 1981-82 Appendix A6: Cumulative average erosion at overland erosion stations #1 -1 2A, 1982 Appendix B: Dimensions of erosion sections, Orwell Lake, Minnesota Appendix C: Piezometer installation data, Orwell Lake, Minneso

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Methods Reading records Refractions Reflections Rayleigh waves Spatial resolution Anomalies Results and discussion Seismic velocity distribution Attenuation Low-level natural seismicity Summary Literature cited Appendix A: Error estimates Appendix B: Velocity profiles Appendix C: Seismic cross sections

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Setting Geology and soils Vegetation Climate Air temperature Precipitation Hydrology Annual and monthly runoff Individual storms Baseflow recessions Spatial flow variability Temporal flow variability Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Station histories

Note: CONTENTS VOLUME I PART 1: PLENARY AND DISCUSSION LECTURES R.J.B. Hadden: RADIONUCLIDES FOR PROCESS CONTROL AND INSPECTION J. Guizerix: TRENDS AND OPEN QUESTIONS IN INDUSTRIAL TRACER APPLICATIONS A. S. Shtan, V. A. Mashinin Zh.I. Matalygina: NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF GEOLOGICAL SAMPLES WITH THE APPLICATION OF RADIONUCLIDE NEUTRON SOURCES W. Michaelis: RADIONUCLIDES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PROTECTION J.K. Miettinen: RADIONUCLIDES IN ENVIRONMENT J. W. Leonhardt: RADIOISOTOPES IN ENERGETICS K. Przewlocki: APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES IN MINING INDUSTRY K. Wetzel: TRACERS IN GEOCHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH A. K. Pikaev: ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATION OF RADIATION PROCESSING R. Otto: LABELLED COMPOUNDS FOR TRACER INVESTIGATIONS IN INDUSTRY R. Otto, H.-G. Könnecke, D. Luther, P. Hecht: RADIONUCLIDES FOR PROCESS ANALYSIS - PROBLEMS AND EXAMPLES Z. Málek: PRESENT STAGE OF CO-OPERATION OF THE CMEA MEMBER COUNTRIES IN THE FIELD OF ISOTOPE AND RADIATION TECHNOLOGY E.A. Abramyan: HIGH POWER ELECTRON ACCELERATORS IN RADIATION PROCESSING J. Sivinski: CURRENT AND FUTURE INITIATIVES OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY IRRADIATION PROGRAM ACTIVITIES J. Bös, J. Schmidt, U. Decker, H. Mai, L. Richter: ON THE APPLICATION OF SOME METHODS FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF RADIATION-INDUCED PROCESSES IN POLYETHYLENE H.-J. Heinrich, K. Posselt, W. Hädrich, L. Röhr, D. Flügge: ASPECTS OF IRRADIATION TECHNOLOGY CONCERNING THE CROSSLINKING OF CABLE AND WIRE INSULATIONS AND OF TUBES BY HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS P. Popp, J.W. Leonhardt, G. Oppermann, H. Merten: THE HELIUM-DETECTOR: THEORY AND PRACTICE H.-H. Deicke: ASPECTS OF RADIATION PROTECTION IN THE APPLICATION OF RADIOTRACERS FOR RESEARCH IN INDUSTRIAL PLANTS

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Magnetic induction conductivity method Site description and survey methods Cross section field data and modeling results X6 X3A X4 Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: Discussion of errors Appendix B: Modeling data

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Background Analysis of historical data Field observations Controlled release tests January 1986 ice breakup Connecticut River ice control Minimizing ice production Hydrothermal melting Controlled ice breakup Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Detailed ice breakup chronology

Note: VOLUME IV PART 2: POSTER CONTRIBUTIONS (continued) P. Rudolph, A. Lange, J. Flachowsky: THE DETERMINATION OF GOLD DEPTH DISTRIBUTION IN SEMICONDUCTOR SILICON - POTENTIAL INTERFERENCES INHERENT IN NAA BY RADIATION DAMAGES E. Hoentsch, J. Flachowsk: INVESTIGATION OF NICKEL-PLATING ON SEMICONDUCTOR SILICON WAFERS K. Mauersberger, J. Flachowsky: POSSIBLE LOSSES OF TRACE AND ULTRATRACE ELEMENTS DURING PRECONCENTRATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR-GRADE REAGENTS H. Wagler, J. Flachowsky: A SIMPLE CHEMICAL METHOD FOR THE SEPARATION OF PHOSPHORUS INTERFERING THE TRACE ELEMENT DETERMINATIONS BY NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS IN HIGH DOPED SILICON WAFERS H.-J. Große, J . Adler, H.-R. Döring, H. Nietzschmann: APPLICATION OF THE AEROSOLIONIZATION GAS ANALYZER AIG IN MICROELECTRONICS M. Kosinova, P. Tendera: WEAR INVESTIGATION OF MACHINE PARTS BY CHARGED PARTICLES SURFACE ACTIVATION J. Kras: DETERMINATION OF SLIDE BEARINGS WEAR IN DIESEL ENGINES K. Eichhorn, P. Hammer, S. Turuc, Ch. Eifrig: PRECISE ACTIVATION FOR WEAR STUDIES AT THE ROSSENDORF TANDEM ACCELERATOR P. Hammer, K. Eichhorn, Ch. Eifrig: A STUDY OF WEAR IN REFRIGERATING MACHINES USING THIN LAYER ACTIVATION A. Kalicki., L. Waliś: THE PRINCIPLE OF THE β-X INTERNAL EXCITATION APPLICATION FOR DETERMINATION OF ELEMENTS IN THIN METALLIC FILMS E. Kowalska, P. Urbański: DETERMINATION OF TIN AND LEAD IN GALVANIC BATH AND LEAD IN Sn-Pb PLATINGS WITH SIMULTANEOUS COATING THICKNESS MEASUREMENT K. Mauersberger, B. Bayerl: DETERMINATION OF Tc-99 BY FLAME AAS B. Machaj, F. Zrudelny, A. Sikora, J. Jaszczuk: MICROPROCESSOR ISOTOPE GAUGES FOR MEASUREMENT OF COATING THICKNESS AND OF AIR DUST POLLUTION Z. Joks, M. Krejci: APPLICATION OF RADIOISOTOPES FOR CORROSION TESTS OF INDUSTRIAL PLASTICS G. Hartmann, P. Kulicke, C. Jonas, A. Walter: INVESTIGATION ON CHLORIDE-INITIATED STRESS CORROSION OF STAINLESS STEEL BY USE OF CHLORINE-36 AND AUTORADIOGRAPHY J. Flachowsky, P. Kulicke, G. Hartmann, N. Schütze: LOCALIZATION OF THE ORIGIN OF DEFECTS IN HIGH-CLASS CASTINGS BY RADIOTRACER TECHNIQUES AND AUTORADIOGRAPHY H. Kupsch, H. Bruchertseifer, W. Heller: METHOD FOR THE RAPID DETECTION OF LEAKAGES IN OIL PIPES A.G. Chmielewski: RADIOTRACERS IN SOME INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS S. Szpilowski, A. Owczarczyk: INVESTIGATION OF TRANSPORT OF EFFLUENT IN NATURAL STREAMS USING RADIOISOTOPE AND DYE TRACERS A. Owczarczyk, s. Szpilowski: APPLICATION OF RADIOISOTOPE TRACERS FOR BEDLOAD SEDIMENT TRANSPORT STUDY IN RIVERS AND MARINE BREAKER ZONE I. Röske, H.-C. Abendroth, D. Luther, H.-G. Könnecke: TRACER STUDIES ON THE REMOVAL OF WATER ENDANGERING SUBSTANOES FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE WATERS A. Zeuner, F. Hartmann: RESIDENCE TIME INVESTIGATION AND MATERIAL BALANCE FOR FRESH AND WASTE WATER IN A RAYON BY RADIOISOTOPE APPLICATION A.G. Chmielewski, A. Dobrowolski: THE FALL OF EQUALIZATION MYTH-RADIOTRACER INVESTIGATIONS OF THE CASE J. Halova, J. Schön, J. Thýn: THE ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM TRACER EXPERIMENTS WITH THE FLOW APPARATUSES FOR RADWASTE MANAGEMENT S. Mothes, P. Popp, G. Oppermann, J. Baumbach: AIR POLLUTION MEASUREMENTS WITH ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTORS (ECD) C. Ghounchev: ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS IN SOIL AND PLANTS IN SOME INDUSTRIAL REGIONS OF THE COUNTRY M. Borkowski, W. Smulek: RADIONUOLIDES IN STUDYING THE SORPTION OF METALS BY CHITIN AND CHITOSAN R. Bäuerlein: EVALUATION OF THE DEGREE OF CROSSLINKING OF HEAT SHRINKABLE PRODUCTS K. Posselt, W. Hädrich: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE DEGREE OF CROSS-LINKING IN RADIATION CROSS-LINKED LOW AND HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENES E. Takács: RADIATION CROSS-LINKING OF PLASTICIZED PVC WITH POLYFUNCTIONAL MONOMERS W. Hädrich, K. Posselt, C. Lippmann, H. Wagner, H.-J. Heinrich: DEPTH DOSE IN ELECTRON IRRADIATED POLYETHYLENE LAYERS IN DEPENDENCE ON THE ANGLE OF INCIDENCE U. Decker, J. Bös, L. Richter, M. Remer: CHARGE ACCUMULATION AND STORAGE IN POLYETHYLENE IRRADIATED WITH PULSES OF FAST ELECTRONS E. Jaworska: THE INFLUENCE OF IRRADIATION TEMPERATURE ON STRESSES IN DEFORMED POLYETHYLENE W. Hädrich, T. Nestler, K. Posselt: THERMAL STRESS IN THE POLYETHYLENE INSULATION OFCABLES DURING IRRADIATION WITH HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS W. Pekala, T. Achmatowicz: POST-RADIATION GRAFTING OF METHACRYLIC ACID ONTO POLYETHYLENE FILM J. Schmidt, H. Mai: ELECTRON BEAM CURING OF COATINGS E. Jaworska, S. Wawrzak, I. Kaluska: HEAT SHRINKABLE TAPES IN POLAND A. Robalewski et al.: POLISH HEAT SHRINKABLE TUBING TECHNOLOGY S. Galant, W. Pekala, J. Rosiak: USING OF THE RADIATION TECHNOLOGY TO THE PREPARATION OF POLYMERIC MATRIX CAPABLE TO THE CONTROLLED RELEASE OF DRUG TO EYE R. Krejzler et al.: NEW ROUTINE POLYETHYLENE DOSIMETER: DOSE RANGE 40-400 kGy Z. Zimek: THE USE OF ELECTRICAL SENSORS OF RADIATION FOR DIGITAL CONTROL IN RADIATION PROCESSING Z. Bulhak et al.: RADIATION STERILIZATION WITH THE ELECTRON LINEAR ACCLERATOR LAE 13/9 M. Remer, W. Bogus, W. Pekala: FIRST EVALUATION OF THE GAMMA IRRADIATION CHAMBER OF THE TU ŁODZ BY MEANS OF THE CODES DOSKMF2 AND ISORADL O. Brede, R. Hermann, R. Mehnert: ORGANIC COOLANTS FOR NUCLEAR REACTORS W. Wroński, J. Wisłowski: THE LABORATORY TESTING SYSTEM FOR RADIATION RESISTANCE INVESTIGATIONS OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AUTHOR INDEX

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Mathematical analysis Constant surface temperature Constant surface heat flux Comparison with exact solution Alternative method Conclusions and comments Literature cited Appendix A: Derivation of equation 25 Appendix B: Derivations of equations 37 and 40 Appendix C: Derivation of equations 37a and 40

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Analytical studies on the onset of convection in a horizontal water layer Experimental studies on the onset of convection in a circular horizontal melt layer Temperature structure and heat transfer In a horizontal layer In a circular horizontal melt layer pHeat transfer studies in nonplanar geometries Forced convective heat transfer over a melting surface Discussion and conclusions Onset of convection Temperature structure and natural convective heat transfer Laminar forced convective heat transfer Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Experimental setup and procedure Experimental results Discussion and conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Location of study Study methods Ice thickness Ice-cover composition Surface air temperatures Freeze-up and ice-out characteristics Results and discussion Ice-growth record Freezing-degree-day records Ice-growth predictions Summary and conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Ice-growth records Appendix B: Measured and computed ice-growth curves

Note: Contents Abstract Preface Introduction Background Materials Sample preparation Nuclear magnetic resonance Specific surface area Electrical conductivity Results and discussion Summary Literature cited Appendix A: Unfrozen water content vs temperature data for Lanzhou silt

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Methods and instrumentation Results Drift tracks Pressure data Temperature data Discussion Conclusions Literature cited

Note: Contents Manual 2.2 The relative measurement of aktivity Lectures 1.3 Statistics / H. Baumbach 2.2 Sealed sources / K. Vormum 2.4 Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis / H.-K. Bothe 3.1 The use of carriers / H. Koch 4.3 Autoradiography / K. Freyer 6.1 Radiometric methods in environmental control / H.-J. Große

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Data sources Study location and icing conditions Icing data Antenna reflection data Data preparation Analyses Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Structure Composition Mechanical properties Strength Elastic constants The temperature-salinity model Temperature profiles Salinity profiles Composite plate properties Results Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Details of the equations for ice surface temperature and conductive heat flux Appendix B: Calculated profile and bulk properties of an ice sheet of varying thickness Appendix C: Calculated profile and bulk properties of 30- and 91-cm-thick ice sheets

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Soil variable ø SWC and SFC similarity Mathematical representation of SWC and SFC data NMR measurement of unfrozen water content Characterization of SWC Discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Soil freezing curve data Appendix B: Error analysis Appendix C: Soil water curve data

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Objectives and procedures Equipment Radar Brash ice probe Temperature measurements St. Clair River ice conditions Results and discussion Thickness and temperature Size distribution Radar survey Discussion of errors Porosity Phase state of the ice Partial submergence of individual pieces Spectra of reflected energy Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: Laboratory verification of surface scattering from a simulated ice jam Appendix B: Display of digitized and processed data

Note: Beitr. teilw. dt., teilw. engl.

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Velocity problem Heat and mass transfer problem - A single drop Heat and mass transfer - A system of drops Literature cited Appendix A: FORTRAN IV program to calculate final drop temperature, air temperatureand humidity

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Chapter 1. The road and its environment Introduction General physiography Regional climate Surficial and bedrock geology Permafrost and ground ice General biota Vegetation Floristic survey Vegetation mapping Soils and mapping Chapter 2. Roadbed performance and associated investigations Roadbed investigations Roadbed performance Performance of drainage features Performance of sideslopes Conclusions from road, drainage and sideslope performance studies Fuel gas line construction Chapter 3. Distribution and properties of road dust along the northern portion of the Haul Road Introduction Methods Results of wind direction and velocity measurements Dust load and distribution Particle size analyses of dust Chemical composition properties of dust and related samples Soil cation composition Dust impacts on vegetation Discussion and conclusions Chapter 4. Revegetation and restoration investigations Introduction Revegetation approaches Alyeska erosion control and revegetation program Weeds and weedy plants Performance of revegetation Alyeska willow cutting program CRREL restoration experiments Conclusions Revegetation recommendations General report recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: General environmental guidelines applicable to subarctic and arctic road construction Appendix B: University-based studies along the Yukon River-Prudhoe Bay Haul Road Appendix C: CRREL maps of Haul Road showing locations of all study Sites Appendix D: Additional Haul Road cross-sectional profiles Appendix E: Clay mineralogy of road-related materials Appendix F: List of reports in the Joint State/Federal Fish and Wildlife Ad­visory Team series

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction History of snow and ice roads Classification of snow and ice roads Snow pads used by Alyeska during the winter of 1975-1976 The Globe Creek snow pad The Toolik snow pad The gasline snow pad Summary and conclusions Literature cited

Note: 1. Osnovnye naučnye dostiženija v oblasti issledovanija kosmosa za poslednie gody i perspektiva do 2000 goda / V. M. Balebanov 2. Kosmičeskoe Materialovedenie / Ju. A. Osip'jan, Č. Barta, R. Galonzka, R. Kul', L. Fal'kon 3. 20 let issledovanija v oblasti geliofiziki i astrofiziki v programme interkosmos / B. Val'niček 4. Daetsja kratkija obzor suščectvujuščich orbital'nych stancija rassmatrivajutsja tendencii razvitija / Ju. P. Semenov, L. A. Gorškov 5. Meždunarodnye pilotiruemye polety po programme "Interkosmos" / P. I. Klimuk, Ju. A. Gagarina 6. Summary of the twenty-year cooperation and the prospects of studies on space physics within the framework of the Intercosmos Program 7. Issledovanija na biosputnikach / S. Baran'ski, K. Gecht, E. A. Il'in, L. Macho 8. Meteorology : Intercosmos 1967-1987 9. Utilizing data obtained by remote sensing of the earth / N. A. Armand, G. Ganzorig, J. Kolarzh, K. Marek, B. Nej, L. Ortega, To Kuang Tkhing 10. Indian Space Programme and the cooperation with Intercosmos / u. R. Rao, Y. S. Rajan 11. Short summary of the most important scientific-methodological and research activities in the field of remote sensing of the Earth , within the framework of the Intercosmos Program in the years 1975-1987 12. Razvitie eksperimental'noi techniki distancionnogo zondi-rovanija zemli / R. Joachim, E. Bach, A. Gšvindt, D. Mišev, Ja. L. Ziman 13. Ispol'zovanie sputnikovoj informacii v prognoze pogody / A. Burcev, G. Major, V. Šarov

Note: CONTENTS Preface Preface to the Second Edition Introduction 1 Onset of Turbulence Part One - Classical Concepts in Turbulence Modeling Chapter I. Turbulent Flow 1. Equations of Fluid Dynamics and Their Consequences 1.1 Reynolds' Averaging Technique 1.2 Equations of Fluid Dynamics 1.3 Equation of Kinetic Energy 1.4 Equation of Heat Conduction 2. Reynolds' Stresses 2.1 Physical and Geometrical Interpretation of Reynolds' Stresses 2.2 Eddies and Eddy Viscosity 2.3 Poiseuille and Couette Flow 3. Length Theory 3.1 Prandtl's Mixing Length Theory 3.2 Mixing Length in Taylor's Sense 3.3 Betz's Interpretation of von Karman's Similarity Hypothesis 4. Universal Velocity Distribution Law 4.1 Prandtl's Approach 4.2 von Karman's Approach 4.3 Turbulent Pipe Flow with Porous Wall 5. The Turbulent Boundary Layer 5.1 Turbulent Flow Over a Solid Surface 5.2 Law of the Wall in Turbulent Channel Flow 5.3 Velocity Distribution in Transient Region of a Moving Viscous Turbulent Flow 5.4 A New Approach to the Turbulent Boundary Layer Theory Using Lumley's Extremum Principle Part Two - Statistical Theories in Turbulence Chapter II. Fundamental Concepts 6. Stochastic Processes 6.1 General Remarks 6.2 Fundamental Concepts in Probability 6.3 Random Variables and Stochastic Processes 6.4 Weakly Stationary Processes 6.5 A Simple Formulation of the Covariance and Variance for Incompressible Flow 6.6 The Correlation and Spectral Tensors in Turbulence 6.7 Theory of Invariants 6.8 The Correlation of Derivatives of the Velocity Components 7. Propagation of Correlations in Isotropic Incompressible Turbulent Flow 7.1 Equations of Motion 7.2 Vorticity Correlation and Vorticity Spectrum 7.3 Energy Spectrum Function 7.4 Three-Dimensional Spectrum Function Chapter III. Basic Theories 8. Kolmogoroff's Theories of Locally Isotropic Turbulence 8.1 Local Homogeneity and Local Isotropy 8.2 The First and the Second Moments of Quantities w-j(x-j) 8.3 Hypotheses of Similarity 8.4 Propagation of Correlations in Locally Isotropic Flow 8.5 Remarks Concerning Kolmogoroff1s Theory 9. Heisenberg's Theory of Turbulence 9.1 The Dynamical Equation for the Energy Spectrum 9.2 Heisenberg's Mechanism of Energy Transfer 9.3 von Weiszacker's Form of the Spectrum 9.4 Objections to Heisenberg's Theory 10. Kraichnan's Theory of Turbulence 10.1 Burgers' Equation in Frequency Space 10.2 The Impulse Response Function 10.3 The Direct Interaction Approximation 10.4 Third Order Moments 10.5 Determination of Green's Function 10.6 Summary of Results of Burgers' Equation in Kraichnan's Sense 11. Application of Kraichnan's Method to Turbulent Flow 11.1 Derivation of Navier-Stokes Equation in Fourier Space 11.2 Impulse Response, Function for Full Turbulent Representation 11.3 Formal Statement by Direct-Interaction Procedure 11.4 Application of the Direct-Interaction Approximation 11.5 Averaged Green's Function for the Navier-Stokes Equations 12. Hopf's Theory of Turbulence 12.1 Formulation of the Problem in Phase Space and the Characteristic Functional 12.2 The Functional Differential Equation for Phase Motion 12.3 Derivation of the ϕ-Equation 12.4 Elimination of Pressure Functional π from the ϕ-Equation 12.5 Forms of the Correlation for n=l and n=2 Chapter IV. Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence 13. Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence by Means of a Characteristic Functional 13.1 Formulation of the Problem in Phase Space 13.2 ϕ-Equations in Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence 13.3 Correlation Equations 14. Wave-Number Space 14.1 Transformation to Wave-Number Space 14.2 The Spectrum Equations and Additional Conservation Laws 14.3 Special Case of Isotropic Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence 15. Stationary Solution for ϕ-Equations 15.1 Stationary Solution for the Case λ=ν=0 15.2 Solution to the ϕ-Equations for Final Stages of Decay 16. Energy Spectrin 16.1 Energy Spectrum in the Equilibrium Range 16.2 Extension of Heisenberg's Theory in Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence 17. Temperature Dispersion in Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence 17.1 Turbulent Dispersion 17.2 Formulation of the Problem 17.3 Universal Equilibrium 18. Temperature Spectrum for Small and Large Joule Heat Eddies 18.1 Small Joule Heat Eddies 18.2 Large Joule Heat Eddies 19. The Temperature Spectrum for the Joule Heat Eddies of Various Sizes 19.1 The Viscous Dissipation Process 19.2 The Joule Heat Model 19.3 The Calculation of the Temperature Spectrum 19.4 Effect of Viscous Dissipation on the Temperature Distribution 20. Thomas' Numerical Experiments 20.1 Turbulent Dynamo Competing Processes 20.2 Nondissipative Model System λ=ν=0 20.3 Numerical Experiments 21. Some Further Improvements of Dispersion Theory in Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence 21.1 Remarks on the Turbulent Dispersion of Temperature for Rm〉〉R〉〉l 21.2 Heat Equation for Conductive Cut-Off Wave Number for H(k) 21.3 Solution of the Heat Equation 22. A Solution for the Joule-Heat Source Term 22.1 Physical Introduciton 22.2 Form of the Source Function and Particular Solution 22.3 The Joule Heating Spectrum 22.4 The Range of Values α1, α2, α3, σ and Asymptotic Solution of τ-integral 22.5 Evolution of τ-Integral Eq. (22.29) 23. Results for the θ2 Spectrum with Joule Heating 23.1 The Asymptotic Behavior of the Solutions 23.2 The Most Probable Form of the θ2-Spectrum Chapter V. Contemporary Turbulence 24. Recent Developments in Turbulence Through Use of Experimental Mathematics - Attractor Theory 24.1 Things That Change Suddenly 24.2 Order in the Chaos 24.3 Attractor Theory in Turbulent Channel Flows 25. Recent Developments in Experimental Turbulence 25.1 Coherent Structure of Turbulent Shear Flows Appendices Appendix A -- Derivation of Correlation Equations (13.51-13.62) Appendix B -- Derivation of Spectrum Equations (14.45-14.46) Appendix C -- Fourier Transforms (18.10) Appendix D -- The Time Variation of Eq. (18.3) Appendix E -- The Time Variation of Eq. (18.19) Bibliography Author Index Subject Index

Note: Contents 1 Executive summary 2 Introduction 3 The broad scientific problems 4 Specific scientific problems: a topical view 5 The resources issue 6 A strategy for planning and conducting research Transect Zone Number 1 (Weddell Transect Zone) Transect Zone Number 2 (Ross Transect Zone) Transect Zone Number 3 (Amery Transect Zone) Circum-Antarctic Studies 7 Broad scientific priorities 8 A methodology and chronology for proposed work 9 Special concerns References

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction The experiment Results Maps of completely frozen North Slope lakes Literature cited