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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Wald und CO2 : Ergebnisse eines ökologischen Modellversuchs (2001)
    Bern [u.a.] : Haupt
    Details Availability
    Call number: PIK W 511-01-0457
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 224 S. , Ill., Tab., graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 3258063141
    Note: Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:2001
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Herbicide safeners and glutathione metabolism (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 91 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Herbicide safeners are chemicals which protect crop plants from injury by certain herbicides, without affecting weed control efficacy of the herbicides. The protective mechanism of herbicide safeners has not yet been fully elucidated, but there is increasing evidence that safeners act by selectively enhancing herbicide detoxification in crop plants. To date, two main detoxification pathways have been related to the mode of action of herbicide safeners. The first includes oxidation and subsequent glucose conjugation, mediated by cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases and UDP-glucosyltransferases, respectively. This pathway appears to be important predominantly in safener protection to aryloxyphenoxypropionate and sulfonylurea herbicides. The second pathway represents the conjugation of thiocarbamate sulfoxides and chloroacetanilide herbicides with glutathione. This mechanism is accomplished by either elevating the levels of reduced glutathione or the activity of glutathione S-transferase, or both. Since glutathione has been reported to be involved in several stress situations of plants its function associated with safener-induced herbicide tolerance will be discussed in more detail in this review.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb02985.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of glutathione in adaptation and signalling during chilling and cold acclimation in plants (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 113 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Glutathione is an important component of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, which is involved in the regulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations in plants. During chilling and cold acclimation, i.e. exposure to temperatures between 0 and 15°C, H2O2 may accumulate. Excess electrons from the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains can be used for the reduction of oxygen, thus producing superoxide radicals (O2⋅−); these are subsequently transformed to H2O2 via superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1). During the removal of excess H2O2, reduced glutathione (GSH) is converted to its oxidised form (GSSG), and GSH is regenerated by the activity of NADPH-dependent glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2). At low non-freezing temperatures, high GSH content and GR activity were detected in several plant species, indicating a possible contribution to chilling tolerance and cold acclimation. Changes in H2O2 concentration and GSH/GSSG ratio alter the redox state of the cells and may activate special defence mechanisms through a redox signalling chain. The finding that several defence genes have antioxidant responsive elements or GSSG binding sites in their regulatory regions supports the idea that redox signalling is involved in regulating gene expression in response to low temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1130202.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of chilling on the diurnal rhythm of enzymes involved in protection against oxidative stress in a chilling-tolerant and a chilling-sensitive maize genotype (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 99 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of chilling on diurnal changes in activity of adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase, glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) and glutathione transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) was analysed in the second leaf of Z 7, a chilling-tolerant, and Penjalinan, a chilling-sensitive maize (Zea mays L.) genotype. Nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) was measured for comparison. All enzyme activities examined changed with a typical diurnal rhythm in both genotypes cultivated at 25°C. Adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase and nitrate reductase activity peaked during the light period, then decreased and reached lowest levels at the end of the dark period. Glutathione reductase activity increased in the dark and decreased during the light period. Maximum glutathione transferase activities were measured in the middle of the light period, minimal ones in the middle of the dark period. At 12°C these diurnal changes were eliminated in all enzymes examined of both genotypes.The average adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase and glutathione reductase activity were higher in the chilling-tolerant Z 7 than in the sensitive Penjanilan at 12°C in the light. Increased levels of both enzymes may contribute in establishing increased levels of cysteine and reduced glutathione in the chilling-tolerant Z 7. Indeed it has been shown before that the chilling-tolerant maize genotypes contain higher levels of both compounds at low temperatures than chilling-sensitive ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb05409.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NO2-induced nitrate reductase activity in needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies) under laboratory and field conditions (1998)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 102 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The induction of activity of the enzyme nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1, 1.6.6.2) in needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies[L.] Karst.) by nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was studied under laboratory and field conditions. In fumigation chambers an increase in nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was detected 4 h after the start of the NO2 treatment. During the first 2 days with 100 µg NO2 m−3, NRA reached a constant level and did not change during the following 4 days. At the same level of NO2, NRA was lower in needles from trees grown on NPK-fertilized soil than on non-fertilized soil. After the transfer of spruce trees from fertilized soil to NPK-rich nutrient solution, NRA was transiently increased. This effect was assigned to root injuries causing nitrate transport to the shoot and subsequent induction of NRA. Neither trees on fertilized soil nor trees transferred to NPK-poor nutrient solution had increased NRA unless NO2 was provided. The NO2 gradient in the vicinity of a highway was used to test the long-term effect of elevated levels of NO2 on needle NRA of potted and field-grown spruce trees. Compared with less polluted sites, permanently increased NRAs were detected when NO2 concentrations were above 20 µg m−3. Controls of field measurements some 10 years after the introduction of catalytic converters in cars showed no significant change neither in NO2 levels nor in the decreasing NRA of spruce needles with the distance from the highway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1020415.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy metal binding by mycorrhizal fungi (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 92 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Ecto- and endomycorrhizal symbiosis can play a crucial role in protecting plant roots from heavy metals (HMs). The efficiency of protection, however, differs between distinct isolates of mycorrhizal fungi and different HMs. Fungal ecotypes from HM-contaminated sites seem to be more tolerant to HMs than reference strains from non-contaminated sites. The abundance of the extramatrical mycelium was shown to he important for HM binding by the fungus. Most of the HMs were demonstrated to be bound to cell wall components like chitin, cellulose. cellulose derivatives and mela-nins. The chemical nature of HM-binding substances in the fungal cells is not clear. Polyphosphate granules, which were proposed to have this function, seem to be artifacts of specimen preparation. The high N and S concentrations associated with the polyphosphate granules rather indicate the occurrence of HM-thiolate hinding by metallothionein-like peptides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb05349.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in ATP sulfurylase and adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity during autumnal senescence of beech leaves (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 59 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The decrease in extractable activity of ribuloscbisphosphate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39), ATP sulfurylase (EC 2.7.7.4) and adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase and the content in chlorophyll and protein was compared in leaves of cloned beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) during autumnal senescence. Leaves excised at the same time but containing different amounts of chlorophyll gave extracts with correspondingly varying amounts of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase activity. Leaves which had almost completely lost this enzyme activity contained still appreciable ATP sulfurylase and adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity and soluble protein. For all components determined, there was a period lasting until mid or end of October during which there was no or only a small decrease. They were then all lost rapidly from the leaves. The specific activity of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase decreased during this phase of rapid loss, whereas it remained essentially constant for ATP sulfurylase and adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase. During this period, the mean half life of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase was shorter than the one of ATP sulfurylase and of adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase. These experiments clearly show that ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase was preferentially lost from beech leaves during autumnal senescence as compared to ATP sulfurylase and adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1983.tb04208.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of SO2, on the activity of adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase from spruce trees (Picea abies) in fumigation chambers and under field conditions (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 67 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of SO2 on adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity and various other parameters of needles from spruce (Picea abies L.) was studied using potted grafts in outdoor fumigation chambers and trees growing near a factory. In summer and autumn fumigation of grafted spruce, SO2, decreased the extractable activity of adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase to 12–50% of the controls, and reduced the amount of 35S from sulphate incorporated into protein by excised branches to a comparable degree. SO2 treatment in January and February inhibited the increase in adenosine 5′phosphosulfate sulfotransferase activity measured in the controls during this time. ATP-sulfurylase activity was less affected by SO2. fumigation. In trees growing near a factory with high SO2. emission, the activity of adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate sulfotransferase was about 35% of that of trees from a control area. The low enzyme activity was correlated with a high content of sulfate and compounds containing thiol groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb02449.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thiols of Cu-treated maize plants inoculated with the arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 94 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mycorrhizal colonization of roots, fresh weight, content of cysteine, γ-glutamylcysteine (γEC). glutathione (GSH), thiol groups in Cu-binding peptides (CuBP), and the uptake of Cu were measured in roots and shoots of maize (Zea mays L., cv. Honeycomb F-1) grown in quartz sand, with Cu at 0, 4.5, 9, 15 and 30 μg g−1 added with or without inoculum of the arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus intraradices. In control plants (no Cu added) AMF significantly reduced shoot growth, but did not affect root growth. At an external Cu supply of 9 μg (g quartz sand)−1 or higher, both mycorrhizal colonization and growth of roots and shoots of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants were significantly reduced.With up to 9 μg Cu g−1, mycorrhizal colonization increased the content of cysteine, γEC and GSH in the roots. However, the amount of thiols in CuBPs was not increased by mycorrhizal colonization in Cu-treated plants and no differences in Cu uptake were detected between non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants. A CuBP-complex with a relative molecular mass of 7300 and a SH:Cu ratio of 1.77:1 was separated on a Sephadex G-50 column from both non-inoculated and inoculated roots of Cu-treated plants. HPLC chromatography of the CuBPs of both non-inoculated and inoculated roots resulted in a similar peak pattern, indicating that no additional CuBPs were formed by the fungus. In conclusion, our results do not support the idea that AMF protects maize from Cu-toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1995.tb05308.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of atmospheric 15NO2 and its incorporation into free amino acids in wheat (Triticum aestivum) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 94 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Five-week-old wheat plants were exposed, under controlled environmental conditions, to 60 nl 1−115NO2 or to purified air. After 48 and 96 h of exposure, leaves, stalks and roots were analysed for 15N-enrichment in α-amino nitrogen of soluble, free amino acids. In addition, the in vitro nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1) and nitrite reductase (NIR, EC 1.7.7.1) activities were determined in the leaves. NR activity in the leaves decreased continously during the 96-h exposure to purified air. In the leaves exposed to 15NO2, NR activity increased within the first 24 h, then decreased, and reached the level of controls after 96 h. NiR activity in leaves exposed to purified air was almost constant during the 96-h exposure. In leaves exposed to 15NO2, NiR activity increased within the first 48 h, then decreased, and reached the level of controls after 72 h, Exposure to 15NO2 enhanced the total content of soluble, free amino acids in all tissues analysed. Most of this increase was attributed to Glu in the leaves and to Asn plus Gln the α-amino group of soluble, free amino acids was observed in the leaves, the lowest enrichment in the roots. The main labelled amino compounds were Glu (with 8.0%15N enrichment compared to the control), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA; 7.9%), Ala (7.2%). Ser (6.8%), Asp (5.5%) and Gln (4.6%). Appreciable incorporation of 15 into Asn was not found. After 96 h exposure to 15NO2 the 15N enrichment in the α-amino group of soluble, free amino acids in the leaves declined as compared to the values obtained after 48 h fumigation. The possible pathway and the time course of 15N incorporation into soluble, free amino acids from the 15NO2 absorbed are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1995.tb00786.x
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