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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Trees - contributions to modern tree physiology (1997)
    Leiden : Backhuys Publ.
    Details Availability
    Call number: M 09.0014
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VI, 565 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Abb.
    ISBN: 9073348676
    Classification:
    Ecology
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of ozone on the emission of carbonyls from leaves of adult Fagus sylvatica (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Under the site conditions of a temperate forest, the exchange of short-chained oxygenated carbonyls (aldehydes, ketones) was assessed from leaves of adult European beech trees. The crowns of the trees were either exposed to an elevated O3 regime as released by a free-air fumigation system (2 × O3) or to the unchanged O3 regime at the site (1 × O3, ‘control’). Daily fluctuations of oxygenated carbonyls were quantified in relation to environmental and physiological factors. In particular, the effect of O3 on carbonyl exchange was studied. Measurements of leaf gas exchange were performed with a dynamic cuvette system, and carbonyl fluxes were determined using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)-coated silica gel cartridges. Leaves mainly emitted acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and acetone. Acetaldehyde dominated the emissions, amounting up to 100 nmol m−2 min−1, followed by formaldehyde (approximately 80 nmol m−2 min−1) and acetone (approximately 60 nmol m−2 min−1). Carbonyl emissions were highest during midday and significantly lowered at night, irrespective of the O3 exposure regime. Trees exposed to 2 × O3 emitted acetaldehyde and acetone at enhanced rates. The findings are of particular significance for future climate change scenarios that assume increased O3 levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01305.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal and spatial variation of carbohydrates in mistletoes (Viscum album) and the xylem sap of its hosts (Populus × euamericana and Abies alba) (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden , USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 120 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the present field study we analysed the seasonal pattern of carbohydrate composition and contents in the xylem sap of Viscum album and the xylem sap of a deciduous (Populus×euramericana) and a coniferous (Abies alba) host tree species. The results were compared with the soluble carbohydrate composition and contents of mistletoe tissues. On both hosts significant amounts of glucose, fructose, and sucrose were found in the xylem sap of Viscum throughout the seasons. The general seasonal pattern of sugar contents, i.e. high concentrations in spring and lower concentrations in other seasons on Populus, and intermediate concentrations throughout the year on Abies, largely reflected the xylem sap carbohydrate composition and contents of the respective host. These observations provide indirect evidence for carbohydrate flux from the xylem sap of the host into the mistletoe. However, in both hosts xylem sap seems to be deviated into the mistletoe without specific control of carbohydrate flux. Differences observed between the seasonal pattern of xylem sap carbohydrate concentrations in Viscum on Populus and Abies may originate from the different time of leaf development of these species. A clear-cut seasonal pattern of soluble carbohydrates was not observed in the leaves of Viscum on both hosts. Still soluble carbohydrates seem to be reallocated from the senescing to the newly developed leaves of Viscum indicating that the seasonal requirement of carbohydrate for growth and development can only completely be met by carbohydrate acquisition from the host and their own photosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.0230.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetaldehyde emission by the leaves of trees – correlation with physiological and environmental parameters (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 113 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The leaves of trees emit significant amounts of acetaldehyde which is synthesized there by the oxidation of ethanol. In the present study, we examined plant internal and environmental factors controlling the emission of acetaldehyde by the leaves of young poplar (Populus tremula×P. alba) trees. The enzymes possibly involved in the oxidation of ethanol in the leaves of trees are catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; EC 1.1.1.1), both expressed constitutively in the leaves of poplars. Inhibition of ADH in excised leaves caused a significant decrease of acetaldehyde emission accompanied by an increased ethanol emission. Since inhibition of CAT by aminotriazole did not affect acetaldehyde and ethanol emission, it is concluded that the oxidation of ethanol in the leaves is mediated by ADH rather than by CAT. Further studies indicated that aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH; EC 1.2.1.5) seems to be responsible for the oxidation of acetaldehyde. The present results demonstrate that acetaldehyde emission is clearly dependent on its production in the leaves as controlled by the delivery of ethanol to the leaves via the transpiration stream. Environmental factors that control stomatal conductance seem to be of less importance for acetaldehyde emission by the leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1130106.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-distance transport of 35S-sulphur in 3-year-old beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 95 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 35S-L-cysteine was fed to a mature leaf of 3-year-old beech trees via a flap. After 1 to 4 h the distribution of 35S-radioactivity was analysed in the leaves as well as the bark and wood of the trunk and the main root. Transport of 35S out of the fed leaf amounted to 0.3–1.2% of the total 35S taken up. The branches of the trees did not act as sink organs for the exported radioactivity. The main portion of the 35S-radioactivity transported out of the fed leaf was found in basipetal parts of the trunk. Only a small portion of 35S-radioactivity was transported in acropetal direction. The distribution of the 35S-radioactivity within the trunk showed a higher portion of 35S in the bark than in the wood. In both tissues, bark (70 to 80%) and wood (60 to 70%), the 35S was predominantly found in the HCl soluble fraction. However, 35S-cysteine, the compound fed to the leaves was not exported out of the fed leaf. Along the trunk 35S-cysteine was neither determined in bark nor in wood sections. The only low molecular mass S-compounds found was 35S-glutathione (GSH). The 35S-sulphate detected in bark and wood origined from cysteine oxidation in the leaf tissue and from contamination of the 35S-cysteine feeding solution. The ratio of GSH to sulphate decreased with increasing distance from the fed leaf. Apparently, 35S-radioactivity was transported as sulphate and GSH in the phloem in basipetal direction, but GSH was removed preferentially out of the phloem along the transport path. 35S-radioactivity exported out of the phloem and transported into the wood of the trunk was not retranslocated in the xylem. It may therefore be assumed that part of the 35S translocated was stored in ray cells, medullary sheath cells and/or pith parenchyma cells. Girdling experiments in which the bark of the trunk was peeled off basipetal to the branch containing the fed leaf support these assumptions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1995.tb00852.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diurnal pattern of acetaldehyde emission by flooded poplar trees (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 108 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The emission of the tropospheric trace gas acetaldehyde was determined in leaves of 4-month-old poplar trees (Populus tremula×P. alba) grown under controlled environmental conditions in a greenhouse. Using a dynamic cuvette system together with a high sensitivity laser-based photoacoustic detection unit, rates of acetaldehyde emission were measured with the high time resolution of about 15 min. Submergence of the roots resulted in the emission of acetaldehyde by the leaves. The emission increased linearly before reaching more or less steady-state values (ca 350 nmol m−2 min−1; ca 470 ng g−1 dry weight min−1) after approximately 6 h. Prolonged flooding of poplar trees resulted in a clear diurnal rhythm of acetaldehyde emission. The emission rates decreased when the light was switched off in the evening and peaked in the morning after the light was turned on again. This pattern significantly correlated with diurnal rhythms of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, transpiration and with the concentrations of ethanol, the assumed precursor of acetaldehyde, in the xylem sap of flooded poplar trees. It may be concluded that under conditions of diminished stomatal conductance, acetaldehyde emission declines because its diffusive flux is reduced. Alternatively, reduced transpiration may decrease ethanol transport from the roots to the shoots and appreciable amounts of the acetaldehyde precursor ethanol are lacking in the leaves. The present results support the view that acetaldehyde emitted by the leaves of plants is derived from ethanol produced by alcoholic fermentation in submerged roots and transported to the leaves with the transpiration stream.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.108001079.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen distribution in young Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees as affected by pedospheric nitrogen supply (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 101 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In numerous locations in Europe spruce trees are exposed to high loads of nitrogen. The present study was performed to characterize the distribution of nitrogen compounds under these conditions. For this purpose Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) trees were cultivated under close-to-natural conditions of a forest understory in soil from an apparently nitrogen-limited field site in the Black Forest either with, or without supplementation of nitrogen as ammonium nitrate. After 11 and 20 months, growth, total nitrogen contents of the biomass, and total soluble non-proteinogenic nitrogen compounds (TSNN, i.e. nitrate, ammonium, soluble proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino compounds) in needles, xylem sap and phloem exudate were analysed. After 20 months of growth, N-fertilization had slightly enhanced the biomass of current-, but not of 1-year-old shoots. At both harvests, total N-content of 1-year-old needles was increased by N-fertilization, whereas current-year needles were not significantly affected. By contrast, TSNN was elevated by N-fertilization in both current-year and 1-year-old needles. The increase in TSNN was mainly attributed to an accumulation of arginine. Xylem sap analysis showed that the increase in TSNN of the needles was a consequence of enhanced nitrogen assimilation of the roots rather than the shoot. Since also TSNN in phloem exudates was enhanced, it appears that N-fertilization elevates the cycling pool of amino compounds in young Norway spruce trees. However, this pool seems to be subject to metabolic interconversion, since mainly glutamine and aspartate are transported in the xylem from the roots to the shoot, but arginine accumulated in the needles and the phloem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb01061.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Storage and remobilisation of sulphur in beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 98 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Three-year-old beech trees were fed 35S-sulphate in August 1993 via a flap in a mature leaf of an upper branch. Harvest of beech trees was performed 24 h after feeding 35S-sulphate, before leaf senescence, after leaf abscission, in early winter (January 1994). in late winter (March 1994). before bud break and after bud break. Twenty-four h after feeding 35S-sulphate, 0.7 ± 0.5% of the 35S-radioactivity taken up was exported out of the fed leaf. When trees were analysed 2 months later, i.e., before leaf senescence, this value had increased to 22 ± 7%. The exported 35S-radioactivity was located in the branch containing the fed leaf (2.8 ± 13%). in basipetal parts of the trunk (41 ± 77%) and in the main rool (21 ± 6%). Leaves and apical parts of the trunk were no sink organs for the exported sulphur. Along the tree axis the main proportion of the radiolabel was located in the wood, predominantly in the acid soluble fraction. In the bark the greater portion of the radiolabel was found in the acid insoluble fraction. In both tissues the bulk of the 35S of the soluble fraction was sulphate together with small amounts of glutathione. This pattern did not change until bud break. After bud break, basipetal parts of the trunk lost part of its 35S-radioactivity. Of the 35S-radioactivity which had been exported out of the fed leaf during the previous autumn, 16 ± 2% remained in the trunk, whereas 47 ± 7% of the 35S was found in branches, mainly in the newly developed leaves. The present results show that sulphur, mainly in the form of sulphate, is stored along the tree axis in both bark and wood of beech trees and is re-mobilised during leaf development in spring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb00683.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consequences of elevated CO2, augmented nitrogen-deposition and soil type on the soluble nitrogen and sulphur in the phloem of beech (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies) in a competitive situation (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 115 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mixed spruce-beech plantations grown in large open-top chambers (OTC) were used to study consequences of elevated CO2, nitrogen-deposition and soil type on plant internal nitrogen and sulphur cycling of juvenile beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and spruce (Picea abies Karst.) in a competitive situation. Processes of re-cycling as a consequence of protein turnover during leaf senescence in autumn were of further interest. For this purpose, phloem sap was collected in September 1998 and analysed for the composition and concentrations of organic and inorganic nitrogen and sulphur compounds. The phloem exudate of spruce showed higher total soluble non-protein nitrogen (TSNN) concentration on calcareous soil than on acidic soil, independent of the treatment. N-fertilization increased the N-concentration of phloem exudate significantly on both soil types, mainly by an increase of Arg and Gln concentrations. Elevated CO2 slightly increased TSNN on calcareous, but not on acidic soil. The combination of elevated CO2 and augmented N-deposition induced a further increase of TSNN on calcareous soil, but caused a lower N-effect on TSNN on acidic soil. Arg, the main TSNN component in phloem exudate, mediated this effect. Since Arg is considered to be a major nitrogen storage compound, it is concluded that in autumn elevated CO2 and augmented N-deposition, influence storage of N rather than N-supply of spruce. An effect of elevated CO2 and augmented N-deposition on GSH and sulphate concentrations in phloem exudate of spruce was not observed on acidic soil. On calcareous soil augmented N-deposition enhanced, elevated CO2 decreased phloem exudate GSH contents. In combination, elevated CO2 compensated the positive effect of N-deposition. The effects of elevated CO2 and augmented N-deposition on phloem sap N- and S-contents described above were not observed for beech trees. Apparently, elevated CO2 and augmented N-deposition did not affect plants internal S and N cycling of beech grown in spruce-beech plantations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1150212.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in mistletoe leaves: Regulation of gene expression, protein content, and covalent modification (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 112 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Seasonal changes in the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase, EC 4.1.1.31), a key enzyme in the interaction of carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism, were studied in leaves of the C3 semiparasitic mistletoe, Viscum album, growing on different host trees. Maximum extractable PEPCase activities were higher in leaves of mistletoes growing on Betulapendula and Alnusglutinosa hosts compared with those on the conifers, Abies alba and Larix decidua. Independent of host, maximum extractable PEPCase activities were high in spring and autumn while low in summer. Samples with higher PEPCase activities showed higher amounts of PEPCase protein and higher PEPCase mRNA levels. A curvilinear correlation between leaf total nitrogen content and the maximum extractable PEPCase activity as well as PEPCase mRNA level suggested that nitrogen might affect the activity of PEPCase of mistletoe by up-regulating gene expression. In addition to extractable activity, seasonal changes of the PEPCase activation state, the ratio of activities resulting from limited:non-limited assays, were found, which was correlated to the variation of malate content in leaves of mistletoe. ATP-dependent activation of PEPCase was characterized by an increase in I0.5(l-malate), indicating that PEPCase of leaves of mistletoes is probably regulated via phosphorylation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1120307.x
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