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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microplankton cages with porous polycarbonate membrane sides were used to investigate the population growth of Favella sp., a large tintinnid which preys on dinoflagellates, Balanion sp., a non-loricate ciliate which also preys on dinoflagellates, and two other tintinnids, Eutintinnus pectinis and Tintinnopsis kofoidi, at close to in-situ conditions in a small estuary during a spring dinoflagellate bloom. The effects of temperature and food concentration on the growth of Favella sp. and Balanion sp. were also investigated in culture. Growth rates in the field were variable from day to day. The highest net growth constant (base e) observed for Favella sp. in the cages was 0.032 (generation time 21.7 h). This was lower than growth constants which can be achieved in culture. Food availability, parasitism by the dinoflagellate Duboscquella sp., and perhaps life cycle events all contributed to the lower net growth rate of Favella sp. in the field. The highest net growth constant observed in the cages for Balanion sp. was 0.068 (generation time=10.7 h), which is also lower than growth constants achieved in culture. The growth of Balanion sp. populations in the cages was limited by the availability of small-sized dinoflagellates and by predation. The highest net growth constants observed for E. pectinis and T. kofoidi were 0.030 and 0.068, respectively; we know little about the factors controlling the growth of these tintinnids.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Six diel TCO2 cycles determined by infrared (IR) photometry from five drift stations occupied between 24 February and 16 March 1979 in the mixed layer of the northwestern Caribbean Sea are examined. Comparison of TCO2 variation with coincident salinity and O2 variation demonstrated that TCO2 often co-varied with these independently measured variables. During five diel cycles TCO2 variation was characterized by nocturnal production and diurnal consumption. The inverse, diurnal production of CO2, occurred downstream from Misteriosa Bank, whose corals apparently contributed to a water mass having a twofold increase of POC and a sixfold larger population of heterotrophic nanoplankters. For the five diel studies carried out in waters with balanced or nearly blanced heterotrophic and phototrophic components of the nanoplankton, CO2 consumption at constant salinity always occurred between 06.00 and 09.00 hrs. Net uptake often continued through 15.00 hrs, but not always in the absence of significant salinity changes. At constant salinity net O2 evolution never exceeded 0.5 μmol l-1 h-1 while net CO2 uptake consistently averaged 3 μmol l-1 h-1 for an apparent net production of 36 mg C m-3 h-1, which greatly exceeds the O2 changes and open ocean 14C estimates from the literature. Diurnal consumption was apparently balanced by nocturnal production of CO2 so that no significant net daily change in TCO2 was observed. Departures from theoretical PQ and RQ and the possibility of nocturnal variations in formaldehyde and carbonate alkalinity imply that chemotrophs, both methane producers and methane oxidizers, play a significant role in CO2 cycling. This could be through the metabolism of the nonconservative gases CH4, CO, and H2, and a link between chemotrophy and phototrophy through these gases is hypothesized. These open system measurements were subject to diffusion and documentable patchiness, but temporal TCO2 changes appear to indicate the net direction of microbiological activity and join a growing body of literature showing dynamic variation in CO2 and O2 that exceeds estimates by 14C bottle assays of carbon fixation.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 2 (1983), S. 209-212 
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This report describes the development of procedures for the production of somatic embryos in cell cultures of Glycine species including soybean. The conditions for callus induction and initiation of rapidly growing cell suspension cultures were defined. Methods for inducing embryogenesis were tested on 16 lines of several Glycine species and cultivars of soybean. The SB-26 Culture of a G. soja gave the best results and was used in the experiments. Embryogenesis required the presence of picloram or 2,4-D. AMO 1618, CCC, PP-333 and Ancymidol enhanced the embryogenesis frequency. Plants of the G. soja (SB-26) were grown to maturity from seed-derived shoot tips. Characteristics of the plants are discussed.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Protoplasts were isolated from cell cultures of G. soja and G. tabacina, respectively. The isolation procedure employed Percoll for the separation and concentration of protoplasts. The cultured protoplasts formed cells which developed into embryo-like structures. Protoplasts also were isolated from leaf tissue of soybean cv. Williams 82. Upon culture, the protoplasts regenerated cell walls and divided to form cell cultures.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 34 (1983), S. 935-942 
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Widerstandskoeffizient in einern-dimensionalen Strömung um eine entsprechend definierte Hyperkugel wird durch eine Entwicklung für kleine Reynoldszahlen bestimmt. Im Ergebnis wird die Struktur der bekannten dreidimensionalen Lösung wiedergefunden.
    Notes: Abstract Small Reynolds number expansions are given for the drag coefficient appropriate to ann-dimensional streaming flow past a hypersphere. These demonstrate the basic structure of the well known three-dimensional result.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Water turnover rates were measured in gentoo and macaroni penguins breeding sympatrically on South Georgia Island. At the time of this study, adult male macaronis were attending the nest while female macaronis and both sexes of adult gentoos were making regular foraging trips to sea and returning to feed their chicks. Both species feed principally on krill, Euphausia superba, although gentoos also feed on fish. The average water turnover rate in 2 fasting male macaronis was 12.5 ml·kg-1·day-1 with a half-time for water turnover of 36 days. The mean water flux rate in feeding birds was 155 ml·kg-1·day-1 in gentoos and 184 ml·kg-1·day-1 in macaronis. The half-times for water turnover were 2.8 days, and 2.6 days, respectively. The average metabolic rate of fasting macaronis calculated from water turnover rates was 5.6 W·kg-1 or 1.8 x the standard metabolic rate (SMR). In order to calculate prey consumption and average daily metabolic rate (ADMR) from water flux rates in feeding birds, it was assumed that a) the only sources of water are from metabolism and performed water in the diet and b) the composition of the diet is known. Based on the type of prey consumed, the calculated ADMR was 7.1 W·kg-1 or 2.6×SMR (n=5) for gentoos and 9.1 W·kg-1 or 2.9×SMR (n=3) for macaronis. The ADMR of female macaronis making regular trips to sea was 1.6 x greater than the fasting metabolism of males brooding the chick.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Probability theory and related fields 64 (1983), S. 359-367 
    ISSN: 1432-2064
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary It is shown that, for a Wiener process X t , both the quantities $$\mathop {\inf }\limits_t \mathop {\overline {\lim } }\limits_{h{\text{ }} \to {\text{ 0 + }}} |X_{t{\text{ }} + {\text{ }}h} - X_t |/\sqrt h {\text{ and }}\mathop {{\text{sup}}}\limits_t \mathop {\underline {\lim } }\limits_{h{\text{ }} \to {\text{ 0 + }}} {\text{ }}(X_{t{\text{ }} + {\text{ }}h} - X_t )/\sqrt h $$ are almost surely equal to 1.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Tephritidae ; Anastrepha suspensa ; Fruit Flies ; Citrus ; Senescence ; Host Plant Resistance ; Allelochemics ; Terpenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons trouvé que la résistance des fruits de Citrus aux attaques d'Anastrepha suspensa Loew est due aux huiles essentielles allélopathiques de la zone flavedo du zeste. Le taux d'éclosion des œufs pondus entre les glandes essentielles du zeste était significativement plus élevé que celui des œufs pondus dans les zones glandulaires. La mortalité se produisait essentiellement au premier stade larvaire, et beaucoup de larves mouraient avant d'atteindre l'albédo (la zone sans huile essentielle du zeste). Les pamplemousses sont plus sensibles au développement larvaire que les oranges, et les citrons ne portent virtuellement pas d'attaques réussies de cette mouche. Les fruits qui étaient laissés sur l'arbre après la maturation étaient un peu plus sensibles que les fruits de début de saison. La résistance du fruit était liée à 1) l'épaisseur dur flavedo 2) une forte concentration de linalool en relation avec le limonène dans les essences du zeste et 3) la valeur absolue d'essences par unité de surface de zeste. Les composés volatiles de l'essence de zeste plutôt que les fractions à point d'ébullition élevé paraissent être responsables de la toxicité des essences. Les citrons, qui sont indemnes d'attaques de cette espèce et d'autres de Tephritidae, avaient un flavedo sifnificativement plus épais et avait deux foi plus d'essences par unité de surface de zeste que les oranges et les pamplemousses; l'essence de citron est connue aussi pour être riche en terpénoïdes oxygénés, comme le linalool. La discussion porte sur les applications possibles de ces phénomènes dans l'amélioration de la résistance des agrumes aux Téphritidae.
    Notes: Summary Resistance of citrus fruit to attack by the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), was attributed to allelopathic essential oils in the flavedo region of the peel. Hatchability of eggs laid between peel oil glands was significantly greater than that of eggs laid into glands. Mortality occurred principally in the 1st larval instar, and most larvae died before reaching the albedo (the non-oily region of the peel). Grapefruit were more susceptible to larval development than oranges, and lemons were virtually immune to successful attack by this fly. Fruit that were allowed to remain on the tree until overripe were somewhat more susceptible than early-season fruit. Fruit resistance was correlated with (1) flavedo thickness, (2) a high concentration of linalool in relation to limonene in the peel oil, and (3) the absolute amount of oil per unit area of peel. Volatile components of the peel oil rather than high boiling fractions appear to account for oil toxicity. Possible applications of these findings are discussed.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1572-9931
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In humans, deficiency in the last two enzymes of UMP biosynthesis, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) and OMP decarboxylase results in the inborn error of metabolism hereditary orotic aciduria, type 1. In this manuscript, we present immunologic, molecular, biochemical, and genetic evidence that the gene coding for this set of enzymatic activities is located on the long arm of human chromosome 3. The evidence presented here is consistent with both these activities being carried on the same multifunctional protein in mammalian cells. These studies allow further genetic analysis of human chromosome 3, confirming that human markers ACY-1, previously assigned to 3p21, and β-gal, previously assigned by others to the region 3(p21-q21), must be in the region 3 (cen-p21) and confirming the regional assignment of a human DNA segment, D3S1, to 3q12. The significance of these studies to genetic analysis of genes on human chromosome 3, some of which appear to play a role in some forms of malignancy, is discussed.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 4 (1983), S. 327-333 
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: amplifier ; Cerenkov effect ; electron beams ; laser ; TM gaussian modes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A device for the amplification of the unguided TM01 gaussian mode of radiation by interaction of a beam of electrons with the longitudinal electric field of the mode is proposed. Such a device requires that the average electron velocity be greater than the phase velocity of the radiation. As a result, one can consider the operating principle to be based on the Cerenkov effect. Methods for achieving a reduction in the phase velocity of a millimeter wave mode in an open structure are discussed.
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