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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quality Control in Mass Rearing (1977)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 22 (1977), S. 289-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.22.010177.001445
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of parasite density and host availability on progeny production byBiosteres (Opius) longicaudatus, [Hym.: Braconidae], a parasite ofAnastrepha suspensa [Dip.: Tephritidae] (1979)
    Springer
    BioControl 24 (1979), S. 363-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La descendance deBiosteres (Opius) longicaudatus Ashmead, parasite des larves et des pupes de la mouche des fruits des Caraïbes,Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) est affectée par la disponibilité de l'hôte, une précédente ponte, la densité et l'âge du parasite. Les taux de parasitisme ont été évalués dans des cages de ponte de 24,5 cm3 avec des densités en parasites de 25, 125 et 250 couples en exposant les imagos deB. longicaudatus, soit à 500 larves deA. suspensa pendant 24 h, soitad libitum à des larves de l'hôte pendant les 14 jours suivant l'éclosion. Les nombres moyens de descendants du parasite produits pour les densités de 25, 125 et 250 furent respectivement de 1076, 1896 et 2038. Le nombre de descendants par femelle survivante du parasite fut inversement proportionnel à la densité en parasites adultes et relativement moins de femelles furent obtenues lorsque l'âge des parasites était plus avancé. La mortalité de l'hôte a été significativement plus élevée parmi les larves parasitées. Le meilleur rendement de l'élevage a été enregistré pour la densité de 125.
    Notes: Abstract Progeny production ofBiosteres (Opius) longicaudatus Ashmead, a larvalpupal parasite of the Caribbean fruit fly,Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) was affected by host availability, previous ovipositional experience, and parasite density and age. Parasitization rates were evaluated in 24.5 cm3 ovipositional cages at parasite densities of 25, 125, and 250 male-female pairs by exposingB. longicaudatus adults to (a) 500A. suspensa larvae for a 24 h period or (b)ad libitum host larvae for each of the 14 days following eclosion. The mean numbers of parasite progeny produced at the 25, 125, and 250 densities were 1076, 1896, and 2038, respectively. The number of progeny produced per surviving female parasite was inversely proportional to the adult parasite density and relatively more female progeny were produced as the adult parasites aged. Host mortality was significantly higher among parasitized larvae. Maximum rearing efficiency was achieved at the 125 density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374175
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rearing and life history studies onBiosteres (Opius) longicaudatus [Hym.: Braconidae] (1976)
    Springer
    BioControl 21 (1976), S. 207-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des méthodes efficaces ont été mises au point pour l'élevage deBiosteres (Opius) longicaudatus (Ashm.) en utilisant comme hôte la mouche des fruits des Caraïbes,Anastrepha suspensa (Loew.). On a étudié l'influence de la nourriture de l'hôte sur la survie et la reproduction du parasite, et de l'anesthésie par CO2 et N2, du refroidissement, et de l'aspiration comme méthodes pour recueillir les adultes. Des données ont été obtenues sur certains aspects de la biologie deB. longicaudatus.
    Notes: Abstract Efficient methods were developed for rearingBiosteres (Opius) longicaudatus Ashmead, using the Caribbean fruit fly,Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), as the host. Evaluations were made of the influence upon parasite survival and reproduction of the host's diet and of CO2 and N2 anaesthesia, chilling, and aspiration as adult collection methods. Data were obtained on aspects of the life history ofB. longicaudatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02371907
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oriented flight responses of female Mediterranean fruit flies to calling males, odor of calling males, and a synthetic pheromone blend (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 65 (1992), S. 259-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Insecta ; Tephritidae ; attractant ; behavior ; Ceratitis capitata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Male Mediterranean fruit flies,Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), produce volatile chemicals thought to be attractive sex pheromones. We demonstrated for the first time that male odor elicits upwind flight and zigzagging upwind flight patterns in mature unmated females. Such flight patterns indicate the mechanisms involved in female location of the pheromone source and arrival at that source. Similar female oriented upwind flight responses occurred with a three component blend comprised of ethyl-(E)-octenoate, geranyl acetate, andE,E-alpha farnesene. These findings clarify the role of male sex pheromone in mate-location strategies in this species and provide new bioassay criteria for evaluating attraction responses to male pheromone and synthetic blends.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02343859
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical resistance of citrus to fruit flies. Demonstration and elucidation of resistance to the caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 40-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Tephritidae ; Anastrepha suspensa ; Fruit Flies ; Citrus ; Senescence ; Host Plant Resistance ; Allelochemics ; Terpenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons trouvé que la résistance des fruits de Citrus aux attaques d'Anastrepha suspensa Loew est due aux huiles essentielles allélopathiques de la zone flavedo du zeste. Le taux d'éclosion des œufs pondus entre les glandes essentielles du zeste était significativement plus élevé que celui des œufs pondus dans les zones glandulaires. La mortalité se produisait essentiellement au premier stade larvaire, et beaucoup de larves mouraient avant d'atteindre l'albédo (la zone sans huile essentielle du zeste). Les pamplemousses sont plus sensibles au développement larvaire que les oranges, et les citrons ne portent virtuellement pas d'attaques réussies de cette mouche. Les fruits qui étaient laissés sur l'arbre après la maturation étaient un peu plus sensibles que les fruits de début de saison. La résistance du fruit était liée à 1) l'épaisseur dur flavedo 2) une forte concentration de linalool en relation avec le limonène dans les essences du zeste et 3) la valeur absolue d'essences par unité de surface de zeste. Les composés volatiles de l'essence de zeste plutôt que les fractions à point d'ébullition élevé paraissent être responsables de la toxicité des essences. Les citrons, qui sont indemnes d'attaques de cette espèce et d'autres de Tephritidae, avaient un flavedo sifnificativement plus épais et avait deux foi plus d'essences par unité de surface de zeste que les oranges et les pamplemousses; l'essence de citron est connue aussi pour être riche en terpénoïdes oxygénés, comme le linalool. La discussion porte sur les applications possibles de ces phénomènes dans l'amélioration de la résistance des agrumes aux Téphritidae.
    Notes: Summary Resistance of citrus fruit to attack by the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), was attributed to allelopathic essential oils in the flavedo region of the peel. Hatchability of eggs laid between peel oil glands was significantly greater than that of eggs laid into glands. Mortality occurred principally in the 1st larval instar, and most larvae died before reaching the albedo (the non-oily region of the peel). Grapefruit were more susceptible to larval development than oranges, and lemons were virtually immune to successful attack by this fly. Fruit that were allowed to remain on the tree until overripe were somewhat more susceptible than early-season fruit. Fruit resistance was correlated with (1) flavedo thickness, (2) a high concentration of linalool in relation to limonene in the peel oil, and (3) the absolute amount of oil per unit area of peel. Volatile components of the peel oil rather than high boiling fractions appear to account for oil toxicity. Possible applications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300898
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field studies on color preferences of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) (1977)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 21 (1977), S. 63-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des tests sur le terrain concernant l'attraction de la Mouche des fruits des Caraïbes à l'égard de pièges adhésifs colorés mettent en évidence une nette préférence de l'insecte pour la couleur orange, suivie de près par le jaune et le jaune-vert. Les taux de capture les plus faibles ont été obtenus par des pièges de couleur vert-foncé, bleue, rouge, noire et blanche. Le spectre de la lumière réfléchie par les surfaces peintes a été précisé et il a été remarqué que les taux de capture des mouches étaient en rapport direct avec la quantité de lumière réfléchie dans la gamme de 580–590 nm, mais l'attraction semblait dépendre en premier lieu de la couleur plutôt que de l'intensité de l'émission. Les réponses à la couleur orange semblent indiquer un comportement de recherche du fruit plutôt que recherche du feuillage, ceci en rapport avec la capture d'un plus grand nombre de femelles (30/10), et parce que le feuillage réfléchit normalement au maximum dans le jaune vert plutôt que dans l'orange, alors qu'une variété de fruit-hôte de cet insecte réfléchit fortement dans la zone du spectre correspondant à l'orange.
    Notes: Abstract Field tests on attraction of Caribbean fruit flies to 15×20 cm colored sticky traps releaved a clear preference for orange, followed by yellow and yellow-green. Lower capture rates were obtained for dark green, blue, red, black, and white. Reflectance spectra of painted surfaces were determined and it was noted that fly capture rates were directly related to the proportion of light reflected in the 580–590 nm region. Attraction appeared to depend primarily upon the hue rather than the intensity of emission. Responses to orange were considered to indicate fruit-seeking rather than foliage-seeking behavior because a disproportionate number of females was captured (3:1 ♀:♂ ratio), because foliage normally reflects maximally in the yellow-green rather than the orange region, and because a variety of host fruit reflects strongly in the orange region of the spectrum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300342
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increasing effectiveness of visual traps for the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae), by use of fluorescent colors (1978)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 23 (1978), S. 20-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des pièges adhésifs (15×20 cm) fluorescents de coloration orange, dont la réflexion maximale se situe à 590 nm, capturent significativement plus de cette mouche des fruits (Anastrepha suspensa) que des pièges oranges non fluorescents. Des pièges fluorescents avec maxima de lumière réfléchie à 510 et 610 nm tendent aussi à capturer plus de mouches que des pièges oranges simples. Les taux de capture de mouches sont en relation directe avec la proportion de lumière totale réfléchie dans la région spectrale 580–590 nm et avec l'intensité lumineuse dans cette longueur d'onde. La peinture fluorescente orange combine ces deux avantages (couleur optimale et émission de forte intensité). Un nombre disproportionné des mouches capturées sont des femelles (70%) alors que seulement 50% environ des mouches issues de fruits naturellement infestés sont des femelles. La majorité (80%) des femelles capturées étaient génitalement mûres. Ces divers faits sont en accord avec les données antérieures établissant que les réponses aux panneaux oranges correspondent à un comportement de recherche de fruits plutôt que de recherche de feuillage. La valeur de ces observations est discutée en relation avec les programmes d'avertissements relatifs à la mouche des fruits.
    Notes: Abstract Fluorescent orange sticky traps (15×20 cm) reflecting maximally at 590 nm captured significantly more Caribbean fruit flies than nonfluorescent orange traps. Fluorescent traps with reflectance peaks at 510 and 610 nm also tended to capture more flies than the plain orange traps. Fly capture rates were directly related to the proportion of total light reflected in the 580–590 nm region and to the intensity of light of this hue. The fluorescent orange paint combined these features (optimal hue and high-intensity emission). A disproportionate number of the captured flies were females (70%), as only ca. 50% of the adults reared from field-infested fruit were females. Most (80%) of the captured females were reproductively mature. These data support previous indications that responses to orange panels represent fruit-seeking rather than foliage-seeking behavior. The relevance of these findings is discussed in relation to fruit fly detection programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293754
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis, synthesis, formulation, and field testing of three major components of male mediterranean fruit fly pheromone (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 1925-1940 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Insecta ; Diptera ; Tephritidae ; Mediterranean fruit fly ; pheromone ; attractant ; Ceratitis capitata ; ethyl-(E)-3-octenoate ; geranyl acetate ; (E,E)-α-farnesene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three major components, ethyi-(E)-3-octenoate, geranyl acetate, and (E,E)-α-farnesene, emitted as volatiles by laboratory-reared and wild male medflies were collected and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Peak emission of these compounds occurred during the third to fifth hours of the photophase and differences were observed in the ratios of the three components emitted by male laboratory-reared and wild flies. These three compounds were synthesized, and a method was developed to formulate a synthetic blend that released the compounds in a ratio similar to that emitted by wild male medflies. Attractiveness of the blend to female medflies was demonstrated under field conditions by comparing trap catches. Black spherical traps, baited with the synthetic blend to release 1.6 male equivalents, caught significantly more females than blank traps and traps from which the blend released was 0.3, 3.2 or 6.4 male equivalents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993739
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemically mediated host finding byBiosteres (Opius) longicaudatus, a parasitoid of tephritid fruit fly larvae (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 3 (1977), S. 189-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Host finding ; Biosteres (Opius) longicaudatus Ashmead ; ethanol ; acetaldehyde ; fungi ; fermentation ; Tephritidae ; parasitoid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Host finding by the fruit fly parasitoidBiosteres (Opius)longicaudatus Ashmead was found to involve attraction to fermentation products emanating from rotting fruit, a probable site for location of host larvae. Bioassays conducted in the greenhouse with all saturated 1-, 2-, and 3-carbon primary alcohols, aldehydes, and organic acids indicated that acetaldehyde was the most active agent followed by ethanol and acetic acid. Rotting fruit was attractive irrespective of the presence of host larvae, and attraction was attributed to fungal fermentation products rather than to kairomones from host larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994145
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative life history and respiratory activity of “wild” and colonized Caribbean fruit flies [Dipt.: Tephritidae] (1976)
    Springer
    BioControl 21 (1976), S. 353-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les insectes élevés au laboratoire et destinés à être utilisés dans des programmes de lutte biologique doivent présenter des comportements similaires à ceux des insectes sauvages. De façon à étudier les modifications de comportement ainsi que les adaptations aux conditions d'élevage, deux souches de la Mouche antillaise des fruitsAnastrepha suspensa (Loew) ont été comparées. L'une recueillie dans la nature et l'autre adaptée aux conditions d'élevage ont été suivies pendant 5 générations au cours desquelles ont été étudiés la fertilité des œufs, le poids et le nombre de pupes formées, la longévité, le sex-ratio, la fréquence des accouplements, la fécondité et la production de CO2 chez les insectes parfaits. Pendant les 5 génerations les insectes issus de la nature ont présenté par rapport aux insectes d'élevage une fécondité réduite de 51% une durée de développement supérieure de 16% et une production de CO2 pendant la photophase diminuée de 16%.
    Notes: Abstract Insects that are colonized for use in biological control programs must be behaviorally functional with respect to target field populations. To quantify adaptation during colonization and identify some of the behavioral changes that occur during the process, comparable colonies of field-collected and laboratory-adapted Caribbean fruit flies,Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) were monitored through 5 generations for fertility of eggs, weights and yields of pupae, and viability, sex ratio, insemination frequency, fecundity and CO2 production of adults. After five generations, the wild strain still produced 57% fewer eggs, required 6–7 extra days per cycle (16% longer), and produced 16% less CO2 per generation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02371633
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