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  • 1
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    Fate of nitrate during groundwater recharge in a fractured karst aquifer in Southwest Germany (2021)
    Visser, Anna-Neva ; Lehmann, Moritz F. ; Rügner, Hermann ; [et al.]
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: Over the past decades, fractured and karst groundwater systems have been studied intensively due to their high vulnerability to nitrate (NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉) contamination, yet nitrogen (N) turnover processes within the recharge area are still poorly understood. This study investigated the role of the karstified recharge area in NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 transfer and turnover by combining isotopic analysis of NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 and nitrite (NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉) with time series data of hydraulic heads and specific electrical conductivity from groundwater monitoring wells and a karstic spring in Germany. A large spatial variability of groundwater NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 concentrations (0.1–0.8 mM) was observed, which cannot be explained solely by agricultural land use. Natural-abundance N and O isotope measurements of NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 (δ〈sup〉15〈/sup〉N and δ〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O) confirm that NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 derives mainly from manure or fertilizer applications. Fractional N elimination by denitrification is indicated by relatively high δ〈sup〉15〈/sup〉N- and δ〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O-NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 values, elevated NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 concentrations (0.05–0.14 mM), and δ〈sup〉15〈/sup〉N-NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉 values that were systematically lower than the corresponding values of δ〈sup〉15〈/sup〉N-NO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉〈sup〉−〈/sup〉. Hydraulic and chemical response patterns of groundwater wells suggest that rain events result in the displacement of water from transient storage compartments such as the epikarst or the fissure network of the phreatic zone. Although O〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 levels of the investigated groundwaters were close to saturation, local denitrification might be promoted in microoxic or anoxic niches formed in the ferrous iron-bearing carbonate rock formations. The results revealed that (temporarily) saturated fissure networks in the phreatic zone and the epikarst may play an important role in N turnover during the recharge of fractured aquifers.
    Description: Projekt DEAL
    Keywords: ddc:551.49 ; Nitrate ; Karst ; Groundwater recharge ; Stable isotopes ; Germany
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    Temperature, salinity, methane concentration, oxidation rates and methanotrophic cell number at Svalbard seeps in summer 2011 and 2012 (cruises POS419 and MSM21/4) (2015)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Steinle, Lea; Graves, Carolyn; Treude, Tina; Ferre, Benedicte; Biastoch, Arne; Bussmann, Ingeborg; Berndt, Christian; Krastel, Sebastian; James, Rachael H; Behrens, Erik; Böning, Claus W; Greinert, Jens; Sapart, Célia-Julia; Scheinert, Markus; Sommer, Stefan; Lehmann, Moritz F; Niemann, Helge (2015): Water column methanotrophy controlled by a rapid oceanographic switch. Nature Geoscience, 8(5), 378–382, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2420
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: Large amounts of the greenhouse gas methane are released from the seabed to the water column where it may be consumed by aerobic methanotrophic bacteria. This microbial filter is consequently the last marine sink for methane before its liberation to the atmosphere. The size and activity of methanotrophic communities, which determine the capacity of the water column methane filter, are thought to be mainly controlled by nutrient and redox dynamics, but little is known about the effects of ocean currents. Here, we report measurements of methanotrophic activity and biomass (CARD-FISH) at methane seeps west of Svalbard, and related them to physical water mass properties (CTD) and modelled current dynamics. We show that cold bottom water containing a large number of aerobic methanotrophs was rapidly displaced by warmer water with a considerably smaller methanotrophic community. This water mass exchange, caused by short-term variations of the West Spitsbergen Current, constitutes a rapid oceanographic switch severely reducing methanotrophic activity in the water column. Strong and fluctuating currents are widespread oceanographic features common at many methane seep systems and are thus likely to globally affect methane oxidation in the ocean water column.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 3
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    Nitrous oxide production kinetics from ammonia oxidation in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific in March/April 2018 (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-22
    Description: In March/April 2018 during a cruise on R/V Sally Ride, SR1805, 15N-NH4+ incubations in 60mL glass serum bottles were performed to measure ammonium oxidation rates to nitrite and nitrous oxide in different depth at 3 different stations in the oxygen deficient zone (ODZ) of the Eastern Tropical North Pacific off the coast of Mexico. Water samples were collected from 30L Niskin bottles deployed with a conductivity-temperature-depth profiler (CTD, Seabird Electronics). The goal was to get a better understanding on the controls of nitrous oxide (N2O) production. The N2O production rate experiments were performed according to Bourbonnais et al. 2021 (https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.611937). Furthermore, ammonium (NH4+), nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) as well as N2O concentrations were determined using standard fluorometric (Holmes et al. 1999, https://doi.org/10.1139/f99-128), photometric (Strickland and Parsons 1972, hdl:10013/epic.46454.d001), chemiluminescent (Braman and Hendrix 1989, doi:10.1021/ac00199a007) and mass spectrometric techniques (McIlvin and Casciotti 2010, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2010.8.54), respectively. The N2O yield per nitrite produced was calculated. The archaeal ammonia monooxygenase gene subunit A (amoA) copy numbers/mL were determined using qPCR as described previously (Peng et al. 2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005278).
    Keywords: 15N-tracer; 15N tracer incubations (Bourbonnais et al. 2021); Ammonium; Ammonium, labelled, fraction; Ammonium, oxidation rate; Ammonium, oxidation rate, standard error; ammonium oxidation; amoA gene, copy number; amoA gene, copy number, standard deviation; Bottle number; Calculated; Cast number; Chemiluminescence detection (Braman and Hendrix 1989); Comment; CTD, Sea-Bird; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; DATE/TIME; Density, sigma-theta (0); Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, water; eastern tropical north pacific; Event label; Fluorometry (Holmes et al. 1999); greenhouse gas; Identification; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Mass spectrometry (McIlvin and Casciotti 2010); N2O production rates; Nitrate; Nitrite; nitrogen cycle; Nitrous oxide, dissolved; Nitrous oxide, hybrid; Nitrous oxide, hybrid, standard error; Nitrous oxide, standard deviation; Nitrous oxide, yield; Nitrous oxide, yield, standard error; Nitrous oxide production; Nitrous oxide production, standard error; North Pacific Ocean; ocean; Oxygen; Photometry (Strickland & Parsons, 1972); Radiation, photosynthetically active; Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR); Salinity; Sally Ride; SR1805; SR1805_PS1_CTD16; SR1805_PS1_CTD5; SR1805_PS2_CTD32; SR1805_PS2_CTD45; SR1805_PS3_CTD71; SR1805_PS3_CTD84; Station label; STOX; Switchable trace oxygen sensor; Temperature, water; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 796 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Incubation experiments with 15N tracers in the water column of Lake La Cruz, Spain (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-15
    Keywords: 15N-tracer; 15N tracer incubations, calulated (Trimmer et al. 2016); 15N tracer incubations (Wenk et al. 2013); Ammonium-15, production; Ammonium-15, production, standard error; anoxia; Calculated; chemodenitrification; DATE/TIME; Denitrification; DEPTH, water; Experimental treatment; ferruginous; IRMS, hypobromite method (Robertson et al. 2016); Lake_LaCruz; Measurement conducted; meromixis; MULT; Multiple investigations; N2O production rates; N2O site preference; nitrification; nitrifier denitrification; Nitrite, production; Nitrite, production, standard error; Nitrogen-15, tracer; Nitrogen-15, tracer, fraction; Nitrogen-15, tracer, reduction; Nitrogen-15, tracer, reduction, standard error; Nitrogen gas, 29N2, production; Nitrogen gas, 29N2, production, standard error; Nitrogen gas, 30N2, production; Nitrogen gas, 30N2, production, standard error; nitrogen isotopes; nitrous oxide; Nitrous oxide, production; Nitrous oxide, production, standard error; Nitrous oxide/Nitrogen-15 tracer reduction ratio; Oxic condition; oxycline; Photometrical detection, Griess reagent method (Hansen and Koroleff 1999); Spain; Various methods; water column
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 303 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Profiles of N, Fe, and S compounds - concentration and isotopes in the water column of Lake La Cruz, Spain (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-15
    Keywords: 15N-tracer; Ammonium; Ammonium/δ15N ratio; anoxia; Calculated according to Weiss and Price (1980); Chemiluminescence detection of NO, Vanadium(III) method (Braman and Hendrix 1989); chemodenitrification; DATE/TIME; Denitrification; DEPTH, water; ferruginous; Gas chromatography - Isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC-IRMS); GC-IRMS, denitrifier method (Sigman et al. 2001); GC-IRMS, hypobromite method (Zhang et al. 2007); HPLC, Fluorescence detection, monobromobimane method (Fahey and Newton 1987); Hydrogen sulfide; ICP-MS, Spectro Ciros Vision (2015), ICP-OES, Agilent Technologies (2017); Ion chromatography (940 Professional IC Vario, Metrohm); Iron, dissolved; Iron, particulate; Lake_LaCruz; meromixis; MULT; Multiparameter probe; Multiple investigations; N2O production rates; N2O site preference; Nitrate; Nitrate/δ15N ratio; Nitrate/δ18O ratio; nitrification; nitrifier denitrification; Nitrite; nitrogen isotopes; Nitrogen oxide (nitrate + nitrite)/δ15N ratio; nitrous oxide; Nitrous oxide, dissolved; Nitrous oxide, dissolved, equilibrium; Nitrous oxide/δ15N ratio; Nitrous oxide/δ18O ratio; oxycline; Photometrical detection, Griess reagent method (Hansen and Koroleff 1999); Photometrical detection, Phenol method (Hansen and Koroleff 1999); Site preference, N2O; Spain; Sulfate; water column
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 581 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    Physicochemical profile in the water column of Lake La Cruz, Spain (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-15
    Keywords: 15N-tracer; anoxia; chemodenitrification; Chlorophyll a; Conductivity, electrical; DATE/TIME; Denitrification; DEPTH, water; ECO-FL, Wetlands, EX/EM= 470/695; ferruginous; Hydrogen sulfide; Lake_LaCruz; meromixis; Micro-optode PSt1 (Kirf et al. 2014); Micro-optode TOS7 (Kirf et al. 2014); MULT; Multiple investigations; N2O production rates; N2O site preference; nitrification; nitrifier denitrification; nitrogen isotopes; nitrous oxide; oxycline; Oxygen; PAR sensor LI-193 (Spherical Underwater Quantum Sensor) Li-COR Inc.; pH; Profiling in situ analyzer, multi-parameter-probe; Radiation, photosynthetically active; Salinity; Spain; Temperature, water; Turbidity (Nephelometric turbidity unit); water column
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 51581 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Compilation of nitrate δ15N in the ocean (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-03
    Description: The database for nitrate concentrations and nitrate δ15N includes new data and most of the measurements that have been published to date. This database also includes most of the nitrate δ15N measurements in the database of Rafter et al. (2019; Biogeosciences 16, 2617-2633; https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2617-2019). It consists of 944 stations with 15300 measurements of nitrate δ15N. All data are uploaded, except the GOSHIP P2 and P6 sections for which we report average profiles vs. depth. Full data sets for these sections will be included upon publication in a follow-up version.
    Keywords: Comment; Cruise/expedition; DEPTH, water; Identification; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; nitrate; Nitrate; nitrogen isotopes; ocean; Reference/source; Time Stamp; Vessel; δ15N, nitrate
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 100052 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Incubation experiment characterizing chemodenitrification in the water column of Lake La Cruz, Spain (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-12
    Keywords: 15N-tracer; anoxia; chemodenitrification; DATE/TIME; Denitrification; DEPTH, water; Duration; ferruginous; Gas chromatography - Isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC-IRMS); GC-IRMS, azide method (McIlvin and Altabet 2005); Iron II, dissolved; Lake_LaCruz; meromixis; MULT; Multiple investigations; N2O production rates; N2O site preference; nitrification; nitrifier denitrification; Nitrite; Nitrite/δ15N ratio; Nitrite/δ18O ratio; nitrogen isotopes; nitrous oxide; Nitrous oxide; Nitrous oxide/δ15N ratio; Nitrous oxide/δ18O ratio; oxycline; Photometrical detection, Ferrozine method; Photometrical detection, Griess reagent method (Hansen and Koroleff 1999); Site preference, N2O; Spain; water column
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 179 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    Nitrous oxide measurements in the Benguela Upwelling System during METEOR cruise M157 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-22
    Description: Upwelling systems are significant sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N₂O). The Benguela Upwelling System is one of the most productive regions worldwide and a temporally variable source of N₂O. Strong O₂ depletions above the shelf are favoring periodically OMZ formations. We aimed to assess underlying N₂O production and consumption processes on different temporal and spatial scales during austral winter in the Benguela Upwelling System, when O₂⁻deficiency in the water column is relatively low. The fieldwork took place during the cruise M157 (August 4ᵗʰ – September 16ᵗʰ 2019) onboard the R/V METEOR. This expedition included four close-coastal regions around Walvis Bay at 23°S, which presented the lowest O₂ concentrations near the seafloor and thus may provide hotspots of N₂O production. Seawater was collected in 10 L free-flow bottles by using a rosette system equipped with conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensors (SBE 911plus, Seabird-electronics, USA).Seawater samples were collected from 10 L free-flow bottles bubble-free, filled into 200 mL serum bottles and immediately fixed with saturated mercury chloride (HgCl₂). Concentrations of dissolved N₂O were measured by a purge and trap system using a dynamic headspace (Sabbaghzadeh et al., 2021). The N₂O gas saturation (N₂Oₛₐₜ in %) was calculated from the concentration ratio between the seawater sample and seawater equilibrated with the atmosphere. ∆N₂O (N₂O saturation disequilibrium in nmol L⁻¹) was calculated as the difference between the measured N₂O concentration and the atmospheric equilibrium N₂O concentration using Bunsen solubility coefficient (Weiss and Price, 1980). AOU (apparent oxygen utilization in µmol L⁻¹) expresses the O₂ consumption by microbial respiration and was calculated as the difference between the equilibrated O₂ and observed O₂ concentration with the same physico-chemical properties (Weiss and Price, 1980).
    Keywords: apparent oxygen utilization; Benguela Upwelling System; BUSUC 1; Calculated according to Weiss and Price (1980); CTD, Sea-Bird SBE 911plus; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Event label; Field observation; Gas chromatography, Agilent 7820B, coupled with a flame ionization detector and an Electron Capture Detector; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; M157; M157_14-2; M157_16-3; M157_17-2; M157_2-8; Measured according to Sabbaghzadeh et al. (2021); Meteor (1986); Namibia; nitrous oxide; Nitrous oxide, dissolved; Nitrous oxide, dissolved, disequilibrium; Nitrous oxide, dry air; Nitrous oxide saturation; Oxygen, apparent utilization; oxygen minimum zone; Partial pressure of nitrous oxide in wet air; Sample code/label; Station label
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 332 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    Inorganic nutrient measurements in the Benguela Upwelling System during METEOR cruise M157 (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-22
    Description: Upwelling systems are significant sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N₂O). The Benguela Upwelling System is one of the most productive regions worldwide and a temporally variable source of N₂O. Strong O₂ depletions above the shelf are favoring periodically OMZ formations. We aimed to assess underlying N₂O production and consumption processes on different temporal and spatial scales during austral winter in the Benguela Upwelling System, when O₂-deficiency in the water column is relatively low. The fieldwork took place during the cruise M157 (August 4ᵗʰ – September 16ᵗʰ 2019) onboard the R/V METEOR. This expedition included four close-coastal regions around Walvis Bay at 23°S, which presented the lowest O₂ concentrations near the seafloor and thus may provide hotspots of N₂O production. Seawater was collected in 10 L free-flow bottles by using a rosette system equipped with conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensors (SBE 911plus, Seabird-electronics, USA). Concentrations of inorganic nutrients (PO₄³⁻, NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, and SiO₂) were measured colorimetrically according to Grasshoff et al. (1999) by means of a continuous segmented flow analyzer (SEAL Analytical, QuAAtro39). To determine the water mass fractions along the sampling transects, vertical profiles were collected using a free-falling microstructure profiler (MSS90L, Sea & Sun Technology). Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity were measured with a CTD system consisting of a SeaBird 911+ probe, mounted on a sampling rosette.
    Keywords: Ammonium; Benguela Upwelling System; BUSUC 1; Continuous Segmented Flow Analyzer, SEAL Analytical, QuAAtro39; CTD, Sea-Bird SBE 911plus; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Event label; Field observation; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; M157; M157_10-7; M157_11-4; M157_12-2; M157_14-2; M157_16-25; M157_16-3; M157_16-6; M157_17-16; M157_17-2; M157_24-1; M157_25-1; M157_2-8; M157_28-1; M157_2-9; M157_36-2; M157_41-14; M157_42-2; M157_43-2; M157_43-6; M157_9-2; Meteor (1986); Microstructure profiler, Sea & Sun Technology, MSS90L; Namibia; Nitrate; Nitrite; nutrients; Oxygen; oxygen minimum zone; PCTD-RO; Phosphate; PumpCTD/Rosette; Salinity; Sample code/label; Silicate; Station label; Temperature, water; Water mass; water mass fraction
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1660 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
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