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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Forested wetlands (1990)
    Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: PIK N 531-93-0143
    In: Ecosystems of the world
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 527 S.
    ISBN: 0444428127
    Series Statement: Ecosystems of the world
    Location: A 18 - must be ordered
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 2
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Natural sinks of co2 ; 64/1-2 (1992)
    Dorderecht [u.a.] : Kluwer
    Associated volumes
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    Call number: 104579
    In: Water, air, and soil pollution
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 466 p.
    ISSN: 0049-6979
    Series Statement: Water, air, and soil pollution
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rehabilitation of Tropical Lands: A Key to Sustaining Development (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Restoration ecology 2 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Land rehabilitation is proposed as a management strategy to reverse the negative consequences of tropical deforestation and land degradation. We first define the concepts associated with ecosystem modification—conversion, damage, and degradation—and those associated with ecosystem repair—restoration, rehabilitation, and reclamation. We then present a scheme of sustainable land use in the tropics, with illustrations of how rehabilitation and restoration activities fit into the overall scheme of the use of land. Because damaged lands cannot contribute effectively to sustained economic development, land rehabilitation is a necessary step for increasing the chances of attaining sustainability. Approaches for rehabilitating ecosystems are discussed, including the management of stressors and subsidies in relation to their point of interaction in the ecosystem. Finally, we illustrate the concepts of ecosystem rehabilitation of damaged, degraded, and derelict lands with examples of case studies from dry to humid life zones in island and continental situations throughout the tropics. The case studies demonstrate that opportunities for success exist, even with severely degraded lands, but a considerable amount of research remains to be done before we have a full understanding of the complexity of the task facing us.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.1994.tb00047.x
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  • 4
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    Morfometría de la República Mexicana (1992)
    Madrid : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Estudios geográficos. 53:206 (1992:enero/abr.) 77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-1496
    Topics: Geography
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:6094-1992-053-06-000007
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wave-energy distribution and hurricane effects on Margarita Reef, southwestern Puerto Rico (1994)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 13 (1994), S. 21-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Wave measurements at Margarita Reef in southwestern Puerto Rico show that wave height decreases as waves travel across the forereef and into the backreef. Wave spectra reveal the presence of two wave trains impinging on the reef during the study: trade-wind waves and locally generated seas. Significant wave height calculated from the spectra show an average reduction of 19.5% from 20- to 10-m isobaths and 26% from 20- to 5-m isobaths. The significant wave height decreases an average of 82% for waves traveling across the reef crest and into the backreef. Wave-energy reduction is 35% from 20- to 10-m isobaths and 45% from 20- to 5-m isobaths. Energy loss across the reef crest is 97% which translates into the formation of strong across-the-reef currents capable of moving coarse sediment. Refraction diagrams of waves impinging on the reef from the SE provide a display of wave energy distribution around the reef. The transmission coefficients calculated for trade-wind waves and locally generated seas have means of 18% and 39%, respectively. A wave height model with negligible energy dissipation, produces wave height estimates that are, in general, within the ±15% error bands. Results of wave-energy changes from this study were applied to waves representative of hurricane conditions at the reef. Aerial photographs of the reef before and after the passage of hurricanes were compared to assess the reef changes. Changes observed in the photographs are interpreted as products of sediment transport by hurricane-generated waves. The patterns of change agree with the refraction diagrams suggesting that waves were the main agents of change at margarita Reef during severe storms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426431
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foreword (1993)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 70 (1993), S. ix 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01104982
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal distribution of air-borne protozoa in Mexico City and its suburbs (1992)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 61 (1992), S. 17-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A survey was carried out over a 1-yr period to isolate protozoa suspended in the air of Mexico City and its suburbs. Sampling stations were placed at four cardinal points of the metropolitan area. Selective media were used to culture the protozoa isolated. Specialized taxonomic keys were used for identification and a statistical analysis was performed to determine the correlations between physicochemical and biological parameters. 63 strains were isolated. Species of Kinetoplastida and Chrysomonadida were most abundant, namely species of the genera Bodo, Cercobodo, Monas and Helkesimastix. Amoeboflagellates found included Mastigamoeba and Tetramitus. The only ciliate isolated was Colpoda steini. The greatest number of strains was yielded by Bodo repens and Cercobodo radiatus. Several times during the period of the study SO2, O3, CO, NO, and NO2 exceeded the permissible levels established by the Mexican government. From the results of this study it was concluded that the ability of protozoa to form cysts and cyst size were important factors for their presence, survival, abundance and diversity in the atmosphere. The main source of air-borne protozoa was the soil. Factors that favored the incidence and diversity of the isolates were wind speed and direction, high relative humidity, generation of frequent dust-storms, resuspension of protozoa by vehicular traffic, proximity to garbage dumps and large extensions of bare soil, and temperature (the latter only when it did not favor the production of high levels of O3). Factors that were hostile to the aerial protozoa were industry and their contaminants, and high concentrations of O3 and SO2, especially in winter time when thermal inversions occurred. Soil cover was also associated with a reduction in the incidence and diversity of the aerial protozoa. This study demonstrates that there are viable cysts of protozoa in the atmosphere of Mexico City, that may have potential importance in the case of certain kinds of human allergies and diseases. Further research is needed to find out the aerial presence of viable cysts of obligatory, amphizoic or opportunistic protozoan parasites, and to clarify the qualitative and quantitative effects of the local meteorological and physico-chemical environment on the free-living protozoa present in the atmosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00478363
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Management of tropical soils as sinks or sources of atmospheric carbon (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 149 (1993), S. 27-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: carbon sinks ; changes in soils ; soil fertility ; soil management ; soil organic carbon ; soil organic matter ; tropical soil ; succession
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The prevailing paradigm for anticipating changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) with changes in land use postulates reductions in SOC in managed systems (agriculture and tree plantations) relative to mature tropical forests. Variations of this notion are used in carbon models to predict the role of tropical soils in the global carbon cycle. Invariably these models show tropical soils as sources of atmospheric carbon. We present data from a variety of studies that show that SOC in managed systems can be lower, the same as, or greater than mature tropical forests and that SOC can increase rapidly after the abandonment of agricultural fields. History of land use affects the comparison of SOC in managed and natural ecosystems. Our review of the literature also highlights the need for greater precautions when comparing SOC in mature tropical forests with that of managed ecosystems. Information on previous land use, bulk density, and consistency in sampling depth are some of the most common omissions in published studies. From comparable SOC data from a variety of tropical land uses we estimate that tropical soils can accumulate between 168 and 553 Tg C/yr. The greatest potential for carbon sequestration in tropical soils is in the forest fallows which cover some 250 million hectares. Increased attention to SOC by land managers can result in greater rates of carbon sequestration than predicted by current SOC models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010760
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineral content of leaves from trees growing on serpentine soils under contrasting rainfall regimes in Puerto Rico (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 158 (1994), S. 13-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: sclerophylls ; serpentinite-nickel accumulators ; tropical forests ; ultramafic soils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The interactions between water and soil nutrient availability in determining leaf nutritional composition and structural features were investigated in forests on serpentine in Maricao and Susua (Puerto Rico). These forests grow under contrasting rainfall regimes: Maricao is a wet forest located at altitudes above 500 m and receiving more than 2500 mm rainfall, while Susua is a humid forest located well below 500 m, with less than 1500 mm rainfall and a well defined dry season. Dominant tree species and soils were analysed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Ni. Soils can be differentiated according to their K content (higher in Maricao) and P contents (higher in Susua). Mature leaves of both forests have sclerophyllous characteristics as judged from the Specific Leaf Areas (〈80 cm2 g-1) and low P contents. Leaf area development is strongly correlated with leaf N and P contents in both forests, but Maricao samples appear to be more limited by P availability. In concordance with soil values, the Susua leaf sample set has significantly higher contents of P, but lower contents of K when compared with the Maricao sample set. Analyses of soluble K, Ca, and Mg reveal strong physiological selectivity in the absorption of these cations. K/Ca and Ca/Mg ratios are markedly higher in the soluble leaf extracts than in the soil extracts. It seems that restriction to vegetation development in the serpentine areas investigated are more related to nutritional deficiencies and not to high contents of either Mg or Ni in the upper soil layers. Only two strong Ni accumulators were found, Cassine xylocarpa (1.2 μmol Ni g-1 dry mass or 70 μg g-1) from Susua, and Chionanthus domingensis (12.2 μmol g-1, or about 700 μg g-1) from Maricao. These species are not restricted to serpentine areas in Puerto Rico.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007912
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrients and mass in litter and top soil of ten tropical tree plantations (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 125 (1990), S. 263-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Anthocephalus chinensis ; Eucalyptus × patentinervis ; E. saligna ; Hernandia sonora ; Hibiscus elatus ; Khaya nyasica ; litter ; Luquillo Experimental Forest ; nutrient cycling ; Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis ; P. elliottii var. densa ; Puerto Rico ; soil fertility ; Swietenia macrophylla ; Terminalia ivorensis ; tropical tree plantations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The importance of litter to nutrient and organic matter storage and the possible influence of species selection on soil fertility in ten stands each consisting of a separate tree species were examined in this study. The plantations had been grown under similar conditions in an arboretum in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. The species involved were: Anthocephalus chinensis, Eucalyptus × patentinervis, E. saligna, Hernandia sonora, Hibiscus elatus, Khaya nyasica, Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, P. elliottii var. densa, Swietenia macrophylla, and Terminalia ivorensis. After 26 yr, litter mass ranged from 5 mg ha-1 in the H. sonora stand to 27.2 Mg ha-1 in the P. caribaea stand. Nutrients in the litter (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) also varied widely, but stands were ranked in different order when ranked by nutrients in the litter than then ranked according to accumulation of mass. Only E. saligna and A. chinensis stands were ranked similarly in accumulation of both nutrients and mass, and the stand of H. elatus was ranked higher with respect to nutrient accumulation than to accumulation of mass. The nutrient concentration in standing leaf litter generally increased in the order of recently fallen 〈old intact〈 fragmented. Nutrient concentration of standing leaf litter appears to increase with age and depth in the litter layer. The amount of nutrients stored in the litter compartment of these plantations was in the same order of magnitude as the quantity of available nutrients in the top 10-cm of mineral soil. Total litter mass was negatively correlated with the mass-weighted concentration of N, K, and Mg. The same relationship was found for Ca in the leaf litter and N in the fine wood litter compartments. In some stands (notably P. caribaea, P. elliottii, and E. saligna), leaf litter derived from species other than the species planted in that particular stand had higher nutrient concentration than leaf litter from the planted species. Soils of the 10 stands were classified in the same soil series and had similar texture (clay soils). However, significantly different chemical characteristics were found. Results obtained by analysis of covariance and by limiting comparisons to adjacent stands with similar soil texture, indicate that different species have had different influences on the concentration of available nutrients in soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010665
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