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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal distribution of air-borne protozoa in Mexico City and its suburbs (1992)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 61 (1992), S. 17-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A survey was carried out over a 1-yr period to isolate protozoa suspended in the air of Mexico City and its suburbs. Sampling stations were placed at four cardinal points of the metropolitan area. Selective media were used to culture the protozoa isolated. Specialized taxonomic keys were used for identification and a statistical analysis was performed to determine the correlations between physicochemical and biological parameters. 63 strains were isolated. Species of Kinetoplastida and Chrysomonadida were most abundant, namely species of the genera Bodo, Cercobodo, Monas and Helkesimastix. Amoeboflagellates found included Mastigamoeba and Tetramitus. The only ciliate isolated was Colpoda steini. The greatest number of strains was yielded by Bodo repens and Cercobodo radiatus. Several times during the period of the study SO2, O3, CO, NO, and NO2 exceeded the permissible levels established by the Mexican government. From the results of this study it was concluded that the ability of protozoa to form cysts and cyst size were important factors for their presence, survival, abundance and diversity in the atmosphere. The main source of air-borne protozoa was the soil. Factors that favored the incidence and diversity of the isolates were wind speed and direction, high relative humidity, generation of frequent dust-storms, resuspension of protozoa by vehicular traffic, proximity to garbage dumps and large extensions of bare soil, and temperature (the latter only when it did not favor the production of high levels of O3). Factors that were hostile to the aerial protozoa were industry and their contaminants, and high concentrations of O3 and SO2, especially in winter time when thermal inversions occurred. Soil cover was also associated with a reduction in the incidence and diversity of the aerial protozoa. This study demonstrates that there are viable cysts of protozoa in the atmosphere of Mexico City, that may have potential importance in the case of certain kinds of human allergies and diseases. Further research is needed to find out the aerial presence of viable cysts of obligatory, amphizoic or opportunistic protozoan parasites, and to clarify the qualitative and quantitative effects of the local meteorological and physico-chemical environment on the free-living protozoa present in the atmosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00478363
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acknowledgments (1992)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 64 (1992), S. xi 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477091
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preface (1992)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 64 (1992), S. ix 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477090
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The search for carbon sinks in the tropics (1992)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 64 (1992), S. 3-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The study and modeling of the global C cycle have been dominated by the assumption that the atmosphere and the biota were in C steady state prior to the industrial revolution. This view led to the perception that most of the terrestrial biota was neutral with regards to the C concentration of the atmosphere. Recent evidence suggests that neither the atmosphere nor the biota were in C steady state prior to, or since, the industrial revolution. Therefore, it is now necessary to re-visit the role of natural processes in the global C cycle, study the C cycle in its totality, and focus attention on the magnitude of potential C sinks in ecosystems previously thought to be neutral with respect to atmospheric C. “An improved understanding of the CO2 cycle is essential to predict the future rate of any atmospheric CO2 increase and to plan eventually for an international CO2 management strategy” Tans et al. (1990).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477092
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processes and lands for sequestering carbon in the tropical forest landscape (1992)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 64 (1992), S. 139-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Balancing the C budget in the tropics has been hindered by the assumption that those forests not undergoing deforestation are in C steady state with respect to their C pools and thus with the atmosphere. The long history of human activity in tropical forests suggests otherwise. In this paper we discuss the forest compartments into which C can be stored, what the likely rates of storage are and for how long, and over which areas of the tropical landscape these processes occur. Results of our analysis suggest that tropical forests have the potential to sequester up to 2.5 Pg C yr−1 from the atmosphere if human pressure could be completely removed. Addition of agroecosystems and degraded lands could increase this estimate markedly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477099
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural sinks of CO2 conclusions, key findings and research recommendations from the palmas Del Mar Workshop (1992)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 64 (1992), S. 455-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper documents the conclusion, key findings and research recommendations from the Natural Sinks of CO2 Workshop held in Palmas Del Mar, Puerto Rico during 24–27 February 1992. Also presented are some preliminary estimates of actual and potential carbon sinks in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477116
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Management of tropical soils as sinks or sources of atmospheric carbon (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 149 (1993), S. 27-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: carbon sinks ; changes in soils ; soil fertility ; soil management ; soil organic carbon ; soil organic matter ; tropical soil ; succession
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The prevailing paradigm for anticipating changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) with changes in land use postulates reductions in SOC in managed systems (agriculture and tree plantations) relative to mature tropical forests. Variations of this notion are used in carbon models to predict the role of tropical soils in the global carbon cycle. Invariably these models show tropical soils as sources of atmospheric carbon. We present data from a variety of studies that show that SOC in managed systems can be lower, the same as, or greater than mature tropical forests and that SOC can increase rapidly after the abandonment of agricultural fields. History of land use affects the comparison of SOC in managed and natural ecosystems. Our review of the literature also highlights the need for greater precautions when comparing SOC in mature tropical forests with that of managed ecosystems. Information on previous land use, bulk density, and consistency in sampling depth are some of the most common omissions in published studies. From comparable SOC data from a variety of tropical land uses we estimate that tropical soils can accumulate between 168 and 553 Tg C/yr. The greatest potential for carbon sequestration in tropical soils is in the forest fallows which cover some 250 million hectares. Increased attention to SOC by land managers can result in greater rates of carbon sequestration than predicted by current SOC models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010760
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineral content of leaves from trees growing on serpentine soils under contrasting rainfall regimes in Puerto Rico (1994)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 158 (1994), S. 13-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: sclerophylls ; serpentinite-nickel accumulators ; tropical forests ; ultramafic soils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The interactions between water and soil nutrient availability in determining leaf nutritional composition and structural features were investigated in forests on serpentine in Maricao and Susua (Puerto Rico). These forests grow under contrasting rainfall regimes: Maricao is a wet forest located at altitudes above 500 m and receiving more than 2500 mm rainfall, while Susua is a humid forest located well below 500 m, with less than 1500 mm rainfall and a well defined dry season. Dominant tree species and soils were analysed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Ni. Soils can be differentiated according to their K content (higher in Maricao) and P contents (higher in Susua). Mature leaves of both forests have sclerophyllous characteristics as judged from the Specific Leaf Areas (〈80 cm2 g-1) and low P contents. Leaf area development is strongly correlated with leaf N and P contents in both forests, but Maricao samples appear to be more limited by P availability. In concordance with soil values, the Susua leaf sample set has significantly higher contents of P, but lower contents of K when compared with the Maricao sample set. Analyses of soluble K, Ca, and Mg reveal strong physiological selectivity in the absorption of these cations. K/Ca and Ca/Mg ratios are markedly higher in the soluble leaf extracts than in the soil extracts. It seems that restriction to vegetation development in the serpentine areas investigated are more related to nutritional deficiencies and not to high contents of either Mg or Ni in the upper soil layers. Only two strong Ni accumulators were found, Cassine xylocarpa (1.2 μmol Ni g-1 dry mass or 70 μg g-1) from Susua, and Chionanthus domingensis (12.2 μmol g-1, or about 700 μg g-1) from Maricao. These species are not restricted to serpentine areas in Puerto Rico.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007912
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  • 19
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    Biomass of tropical forests of south and southeast Asia (1991)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-01-01
    Description: Stand tables from forest inventories representing more than 22 × 106 ha of forests in tropical Asia were used to estimate aboveground biomass (point and 99% confidence interval). The mean inventory-based biomass for moist forests (225 Mg/ha) was lower than that reported by direct measurements for mature forests in the same region (350 Mg/ha), whereas the mean inventory-based biomass for dry forests (82 Mg/ha) was higher than estimates based on direct measurements (55 Mg/ha). Our analyses demonstrated that human use of the forests in tropical Asia is intense, leading to degradation. Between two national forest inventories of Peninsular Malaysia in 1972 and 1981, the total area and biomass of forests declined by 18 and 28%, respectively. Modeling land-use changes and carbon dynamics of tropical Asian forests must take into consideration human impact on vegetation because such use of forests reduces their biomass and may stimulate forest growth and carbon uptake.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 20
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    Two simple methods to calculate the penetration time of a longitudinal magnetic field through the wall of a metallic tube (1992)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0168-9002
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9576
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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