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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature x-ray and neutron diffraction studies on 18-crown-6.cntdot.2 cyanamide including electron density determination (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 113 (1991), S. 8388-8398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00022a028
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and exchange behavior of cryptand 111 and its inside protonated products (1986)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 108 (1986), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00261a018
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isotopic shifts in chemical exchange systems. I. Large isotope effects in the complexation of sodium(1+) isotopes by macrocyclic polyethers (1981)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 103 (1981), S. 5707-5711 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00409a015
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repetitive sequences associated with polyadenylated RNA of Xenopus laevis embryos (1982)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 366-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Polyadenylated RNA ; Complementary repetitive sequences ; Protein coding sequences ; Gene regulation ; Xenopus embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy revealed that transcripts of complementary repetitive sequence elements are widely distributed among long poly (A) containing RNA molecules of Xenopus laevis. cDNA/RNA hybridization experiments suggest that many of these polyadenylated transcripts carry protein coding sequences which are interrupted by repetitive elements. Our in-vitro translation experiments indicate that removal of repetitive elements must precede the utilization of protein coding sequences associated with them. Thus processing of maternal transcripts may be of significance in the regulation of gene expression during early development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879625
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activin A signaling directly activates Xenopus winged helix factors XFD-4/4’, the orthologues to mammalian MFH-1 (2000)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 210 (2000), S. 320-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Winged helix transcription factor ; Xenopuslaevis ; Paraxial mesoderm ; Abdominal muscle ; Activin A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We investigated the Xenopus winged helix gene XFD-4, its cDNA, and a pseudoallelic cDNA, termed XFD-4’, representing Xenopus orthologues to chicken CWH-2 and mammalian MFH-1. XFD-4/4’ genes are activated after midblastula transition in dorsolateral mesoderm but not within the dorsal lip. Later, expression is found in two segmented lines of cells bordering the somites, in head mesenchyme, in ventral abdominal muscle, and in the tail tip. Smad2 RNA injection leads to ectopic expression of XFD-4’. Since activation is also observed in activin A treated animal cap explants in the presence of cycloheximide, XFD-4/4’ genes represent direct targets of activin signaling. Note that the future nomenclature for XFD-4 will be FoxC2a and for XFD-4’ will be FoxC2b (Fox Nomenclature Committee).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050319
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of sequence complexity of nuclear and polysomal poly(A)+ RNA from different developmental stages ofXenopus laevis (1980)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 188 (1980), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Xenopus ; Gastrula ; Early tadpole ; Poly(A)+ RNA ; cDNA hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Nuclear poly(A)+ and polysomal poly(A)+ RNA were isolated from gastrula and early tadpole stages of the amphibianXenopus laevis. Complementary DNA was synthesized from all RNA preparations. Hybridization reactions revealed that at least all abundant and probably most of the less frequent nuclear and polysomal poly(A)+ RNA species present at the gastrula stage are also present at the early tadpole stage. On the other hand, there are nuclear RNA sequences at the latter stage which appear, if at all, only at lower concentrations at the gastrula stage. The polysomal poly(A)+ RNA hybridization reactions suggest the existence of polysomal poly(A)+ RNA sequences at early tadpole stages which are not present in the corresponding gastrula stage RNA. By cDNA hybridization with poly(A)− RNA it could be shown that most of the poly(A)+ containing RNA sequences transcribed into cDNA were also present within the poly(A)− RNA. It was estimated, that these sequences are 10 fold more abundant within the poly(A)− polysomal RNA and 3–6 more abundant within the poly(A)− nuclear RNA as compared to the poly(A)+ RNAs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00849047
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of repetitive DNA transcripts isolated from a Xenopus laevis gastrula-stage cDNA clone bank (1987)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 196 (1987), S. 22-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Repetitive DNA ; cDNA clone bank ; Xenopus laevis ; Embryonic development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary By screening a cDNA library prepared from polyadenylated nuclear RNA of Xenopus laevis gastrula-stage embryos with total genomic DNA we have identified nine clones belonging to seven different families of repeated DNA. Two of these families exhibit partial sequence homologies and thus probably represent subfamilies of a common origin. The individual families comprise between 0.024% and 1.5% and, in total, about 2% of the X. laevis genome. Six of the clones elements represent dispersed repetitive DNA families; the seventh is mainly organized in a tandem fashion. Transcripts containing one type of repeat do not appear before the blastula stage and then accumulate in the course of development; however, the others can be detected within the unfertilized egg and their amount remains fairly constant throughout embryogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376019
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning of cDNA sequences derived from poly(A)+ nuclear RNA ofXenopus laevis at different developmental stages: Evidence for stage specific regulation (1981)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 190 (1981), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Xenopus laevis ; Poly(A)+ nuclear RNA ; cDNA cloning ; Stage specificity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Nuclear poly(A)+ RNA was isolated from gastrula and early tadpole stages ofXenopus laevis, transcribed into cDNA and integrated as double stranded cDNA by the G-C joining method into the Pst cleavage site of plasmid pBR 322. After cloning inE. coli strain HB 101 the clone libraries were hybridized to32P labelled cDNA derived from nuclear poly(A)+ RNA of the two different developmental stages. About 20% of the clones gave a positive hybridization signal thus representing RNA molecules of high and medium abundance. From these clones, some individual clones were identified containing sequences which are not present at the oocyte and gastrula stages but which are transcribed at the early tadpole stage of embryonic development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848402
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcription factors and induction in Xenopus laevis embryos (1997)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 53 (1997), S. 362-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Key words.Xenopus laevis; mesoderm induction; specific transription factors; pattern formation; embryogenesis; growth factors.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Studies with amphibian embryos have contributed major insights into the molecular basis of induction processes and the formation of germ layers during vertebrate embryogenesis. Primary signals that have been identified as growth factors or growth factor-related ligands act as inducing factors on their target cells and, by a change of the genetic program, evoke a specification of the cellular differentiation pathways. While at present the signal transduction mechanisms leading from the ligands via cognate receptors to the nuclei are still poorly understood, there is growing information on transcription factors which are activated upon induction. They govern the expression of other regulatory molecules and co-ordinate the expression of cell type-specific structural genes. Meanwhile, it is generally accepted that development and cellular differentiation in all muticellular organisms depends upon a cascade of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors. Striking structural similarities within their DNA-binding domains allow many of these factors to be subdivided into different transcription factor families. Most of the basic knowledge on these factors emerged from the pioneering work done with Drosophila embryos which was greatly facilitated by the availability of numerous mutants. Despite the fact that Drosophila development until the blastoderm stage proceeds in a multinuclear syncytium and thus is significantly different from that in vertebrate organisms, the primary structures of many embryonic transcription factors have been conserved in higher organisms. This especially holds true for the various DNA binding motifs and it facilitated the isolation and characterization of vertebrate homologues to factors previously identified in lower organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00000612
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fission yeast tmsl protein abrogates normal development in Xenopus laevis embryos (1995)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 204 (1995), S. 198-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: tms1 ; fission yeast ; Xenopus laevis development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Recently we cloned tms1 (a putative dehydrogenase) by complementation of a human tumour-derived mutant p53 induced growth arrest in fission yeast. Microinjection of purified tmsl protein into Xenopus laevis embryos abrogated normal embryo development by causing cleavage retardation or cleavage arrest of injected blastomeres in a concentration dependant manner, whereas injection of specific affinity purified tms1 antiserum showed no significant morphological defects. Microinjection of tms1 protein together with affinity purified tms1 antibody resulted in a significantly reduced number of cleavage arrested embryos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00241273
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