Summary
Nuclear poly(A)+ and polysomal poly(A)+ RNA were isolated from gastrula and early tadpole stages of the amphibianXenopus laevis. Complementary DNA was synthesized from all RNA preparations. Hybridization reactions revealed that at least all abundant and probably most of the less frequent nuclear and polysomal poly(A)+ RNA species present at the gastrula stage are also present at the early tadpole stage. On the other hand, there are nuclear RNA sequences at the latter stage which appear, if at all, only at lower concentrations at the gastrula stage. The polysomal poly(A)+ RNA hybridization reactions suggest the existence of polysomal poly(A)+ RNA sequences at early tadpole stages which are not present in the corresponding gastrula stage RNA.
By cDNA hybridization with poly(A)− RNA it could be shown that most of the poly(A)+ containing RNA sequences transcribed into cDNA were also present within the poly(A)− RNA. It was estimated, that these sequences are 10 fold more abundant within the poly(A)− polysomal RNA and 3–6 more abundant within the poly(A)− nuclear RNA as compared to the poly(A)+ RNAs.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aviv H, Leder P (1972) Purification of biologically active globin messenger RNA by chromatography on oligothymidylic acid-cellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69:1408–1412
Bishop JO, Morton JG, Rosbash M, Richardson M (1974) Three abundance classes in HeLa cell messenger RNA. Nature 250:199–204
Brandhorst BP, Verma DPS, Fromson D (1979) Polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated messenger RNA fractions from sea urchin embryos code for the same abundant proteins. Dev Biol 71:128–141
Bristow DA, Deuchar EM (1964) Changes in nucleic acid concentration during the development ofXenopus laevis embryos. Exp Cell Res 35:580–589
Ernst SG, Britten RJ, Davidson EH (1979) Distinct single copy sequence sets in sea urchin nuclear RNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:2209–2212
Fromson D, Duchastel A (1975) Poly(A) containing polyribosomal RNA in sea urchin embryos: changes in proportion during development. Biochim Biophys Acta 378:394–404
Galau GA, Klein WH, Davis MM, Wold BJ, Britten RJ, Davidson EH (1976) Structural gene sets active in embryos and adult tissues of the sea urchin. Cell 7:487–505
Getz MJ, Birnie GD, Young BD, Mac Phail E, Paul J (1975) A kinetic estimation of base sequence complexity of nuclear poly(A) containing RNA in mouse Friend cells. Cell 4:121–129
Grundmann U, Knöchel W (1978) Sequences coding for proteins expressed in liver and for globin in poly(A)+ and poly(A)− RNA fractions from nuclei and cytoplasm of chicken immature red blood cells. Mol Biol Rep 4:39–44
Harrison PR, Birnie BD, Hell A, Humphries S, Young BD, Paul J (1974) Kinetic studies of gene frequency. I. Use of a DNA copy of reticulocyte 9 S RNA to estimate globin gene dosage in mouse tissues. J Mol Biol 84:539–554
Hastie N, Bishop JO (1976) The expression of three abundance classes of messenger RNA in mouse tissues. Cell 9:761–774
Holoubek V, Tiedemann H (1978) Electrophoretic spectra of nuclear proteins from embryos ofXenopus laevis. Wilhelm Roux's Archives 184:171–180
Holtfreter J (1931) Über die Aufzucht isolierter Teile des Amphibienkeimes. II. Züchtung von Keimen und Keimteilen in Salzlösung. Wilhelm Roux's Archives 124:404–466
Kleene KC, Humphreys T (1977) Similarity of hnRNA sequences in blastula and pluteus stage of sea urchin embryos. Cell 12:143–155
Knöchel W, Rehder T, Grundmann U (1979) Protein coding sequences in newly synthesized nuclear RNA from chicken immature red blood cells. Mol Biol Rep 5:161–164
Levy B, McCarthy BJ (1976) Relationship between nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA in Drosophila cells. Biochemistry 15:2415–2419
Miller L (1978) Relative amounts of newly synthesized poly(A)+ and poly(A)− messenger RNA during development ofXenopus laevis. Dev Biol 64:118–129
Nemer M, Graham M, Dubroff LM (1974) Co-existence of nonhistone messenger RNA species lacking and containing polyadenylic acid in sea urchin embryos. J Mol Biol 89:435–454
Nieuwkoop PD, Faber J (1956) Normal table ofXenopus laevis (Daudin). North Holland, Amsterdam
Perlman S, Rosbash M (1978) Analysis ofXenopus laevis ovary and somatic cell polyadenylated RNA by molecular hybridization. Dev Biol 63:197–212
Quinlan TJ, Beeler GW, Cox RF, Elda PK, Moses HL, Getz MJ (1978) The concept of mRNA abundance classes: a critical reevaluation. Nucl Acid Res 5:1611–1625
Ryffel GU (1976) Comparison of cytoplasmic and nuclear poly(A)-containing RNA sequences in Xenopus liver cells. Eur J Biochem 62:417–423
Shepherd GW, Flickinger R (1979) Post-transcriptional control of messenger RNA diversity in frog embryos. Biochim Biophys Acta 563:413–421
Sippel AE, Hynes N, Groner B, Schütz G (1977) Frequency distribution of messenger sequences within polysomal mRNA and nuclear RNA from rat liver. Eur J Biochem 77:141–151
Warner JR, Soeiro R, Birnboim HC, Girard M, Darnell JE (1966) Rapidly labeled Hela cell nuclear RNA. I. Identification by zone sedimentation of a heterogeneous fraction separate from ribosomal precursor RNA. J Mol Biol 19:349–361
Weisz PB (1945) The normal stages in the development of the South African clawed toad,Xenopus laevis. Anat Rec 93:161–170
Wold BJ, Klein WH, Hough-Evans BR, Britten RJ, Davidson EH (1978) Sea urchin embryo mRNA sequences expressed in the nuclear RNA of adult tissue. Cell 14:941–950
Woodland HR, Gurdon JB (1968) The rates of synthesis of DNA, tRNA and rRNA in the entodermal region and other parts of Xenopus laevis embryos. J Embryol Exp Morphol 19:363–385
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Knöchel, W., Bladauski, D. A comparison of sequence complexity of nuclear and polysomal poly(A)+ RNA from different developmental stages ofXenopus laevis . Wilhelm Roux' Archiv 188, 187–193 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00849047
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00849047