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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical characterization of plasma generation in KrF laser Cu ablation (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 1630-1632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ionization onset in the ablation plume from KrF laser-irradiated Cu targets in vacuum leads to a fast-rising voltage transient on the target. This, together with ion probe measurements, provides information on the plasma parameters. With 30 ns pulses, plasma initiates at ∼108 W cm−2; electron temperatures of 7 eV and ion energies of several hundred volts are produced at 2.2×108 W cm−2 .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102220
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproductive systems Sex and the single lichen (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 404 (2000), S. 564-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Most lichenized fungi produce abundant sexual structures, and in many species sexual spores seem to provide the only means of dispersal. For example, 90% of lichens found in Great Britain and Ireland produce ascomata (fruit bodies) containing sexually derived ascospores, whereas only 29% ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35007142
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study and analysis of submicron-period grating formation on polymers ablated using a KrF laser irradiated phase mask (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 3389-3391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Submicron-period gratings have been formed in polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide films using a KrF laser irradiated, zero suppressed, phase mask with a period d=533 nm. The imprinted grating has a dominant period of d rather than d/2, a result which is shown to be due to recording the pattern by a threshold surface ablation process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111284
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental observations and analysis of CO2 laser-induced microcracking of glass (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 7295-7303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Transversely excited atmospheric pressure CO2 and modulated continuous-wave CO2 laser marking of soda-lime and borosilicate glasses has been investigated as a function of laser fluence and pulse duration. Marks are formed by a combination of surface crazing and material removal, the latter occurring predominantly through particles that are fractured from the surface. Various possible fracture mechanisms are analyzed and residual surface stress following rapid laser heating is identified as the most likely cause of microcracking. Scanning electron microscope studies show that relatively large fragments are produced, with a characteristic thickness that is dependent on the laser pulse duration, but that they predominantly remain locked in the surface. Gas phase products evolved during the interaction have also been subject to evaluation using spectroscopy of the luminous plume and fast photography techniques. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360378
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of apothecia of the eyespot pathogen Tapesia on cereal crop stubble residue in England (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 50 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A reservoir of infection of Tapesia yallundae may exist after harvest in bases of cereal stems due to the presence of apothecia capable of discharging infective ascospores. Apothecia of T. yallundae developed in a seasonal pattern on winter barley inoculated with the pathogen, with maximum numbers of apothecia produced on stubble 5–7 months after harvest. A similar pattern of development was observed on infected winter wheat. However, the peak in numbers of mature apothecia was observed 2 months later than in winter barley. Apothecia capable of discharging ascospores were present for up to 6 months on stubble. Apothecia of T. acuformis were not detected on spring or winter barley, or spring or winter wheat stubble, despite inoculation of growing crops with isolates of compatible mating type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00575.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of R-type progeny of Tapesia yallundae from apothecia on wheat stubble in England (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 43 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Apothecia of Tapesia yallundae were collected from a set-aside straw stubble site in Lincolnshire in March 1993. Single ascospore isolates were obtained which produced colonies with morphologies and growth rates characteristic of the R-pathotype of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides. Isolates were confirmed to be R-type by the use of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. These observations confirm that T. yallundae is the teleomorph of the R-type of P. herpotrichoides and represent the first detection of the sexual stage of the R-type in the UK.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994.tb01655.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of apothecia of Tapesia yallundae at setaside sites in England and sensitivity of the ascospore offspring to the fungicides benomyl and prochloraz (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 44 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A total of 45 field sites in England were surveyed once for the presence of apothecia of Tapesia yallundae from 1992 to 1994. Apothecia were found at 21 locations and were mainly present on less than 3% of stems. However, apothecia were found on 1532% of stems at four sites. Analysis of the growth characteristics of ascospore isolates from seven sites showed that most produced colonies characteristic of the W-type of T. yallundae, with only one site yielding the R-type, Most ascospore isolates were resistant to the fungicide benomyl and effectively all remained sensitive to prochloraz. The results of the study are discussed in relation to the fungicidal control and epidemiology of T. yallundae, and the risk of spread of disease from set-aside sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02738.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First report of apothecia of Tapesia yallundae occurring on the wild grass Holcus lanatus (Yorkshire Fog) in New Zealand (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 51 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2002.00774.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of laser-induced periodic surface structures in excimer laser ablation of polymers (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 1442-1444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In situ microscopy and optical diffraction studies of ripple structures produced on excimer laser ablated polymers are reported, allowing their development rate to be estimated and motion to be observed. The formation of these "anomalous'' ripple structures (grating vector perpendicular to the polarized laser electric field direction) is analyzed within the framework of a model describing interference between the transmitted and diffracted beams at the surface. Experimental observations are consistent with theory if substantial modification of the (effective) optical constants of the polymer occurs under ablation conditions. A model describing the ripple dynamics under multipulse irradiation is reported and compared with the experimental findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354906
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyroelectric detection of ultraviolet laser ablation products from polymers (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 2608-2612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A simple pyroelectric detector has been constructed and used to measure the ablation velocity for various polymers as a function of laser (248 nm) fluence. The advantage of this approach over other techniques is that a full sampling of the products in the ablation plume is obtained. Results for polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) ablation can be interpreted in terms of a single explosive decomposition process in which numerous small fragments such as C2, CO, and CO2 propel small segments of the polymer at velocities which are scaled to the square root of their molecular weights. Data for polymide suggest that this polymer is decomposed by laser photons principally into small molecules. The solid carbon that is obtained on ablation in air is probably derived by reactions between carbon clusters. This technique is suitable for the study of the angular distribution of the ejected material which is useful for modeling and in schemes for the deposition of material by laser ablation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344227
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