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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiolysis of carbon tetrachloride-nitrobenzene mixtures. Radiation yields of major liquid products (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 86 (1984), S. 337-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The yields of major non-gaseous radiolytical products in the mixtures of carbon tetrachloride-nitrobenzene in a wide concentration scale have been established and found to depend on the composition of the mixture. Decrease of the yield hexachloroethane with increasing concentration of nitrobenzene was explained by the energy transfer from CCl4 to the molecule of C6H5NO2. Chlorobenzene is formed from an exciplex [CCl4.C6H5NO2]* or complex with charge transfer or from reaction of the excited molecules of nitrobenzene, and the formation of dichlorobenzenes, trichlorobenzenes and chloronitrobenzene can be explained by radical substitutional reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02167630
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation chemical yields of main volatile products in the gamma-radiolysis of nitrobenzene and isomeric dinitrobenzene, nitrophenol, and nitroaniline solutions in carbon tetrachloride (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 174 (1993), S. 103-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract GC-MS method has been used for the determination of initial radiation yields of tetrachloroetyhelene, hexachloroethane and other volatile radiolyticalipso-substitued products including dichlorobenzenes, and chloronitrobenzenes formed in the γ-radiolysis of solutions of nitrobenzene, isomeric dinitrobenzenes, nitrophenols and nitroanilines in carbon tetrachloride. The decay of the solutes except nitrobenzene with dose is also considered by evaluating G(-solute) values. In almost all the solutions a decrease in the G-value of hexachloroethane is observed except inpara-dinitrobenzene andpara-nitrophenol solution where the G-value remains unaltered. The formation of tetrachloroethylene is not affected by the presence of nitroaromatics expect in the case ofortho-nitroaniline andortho-nitrophenol solutions, where an increase in the G-value is observed. This observation is explained in terms of energy transfer (quenching), charge transfer and scavenging of electrons by the nitroaromatic mmolecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02040338
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HPLC profiling of radiolytic products of nitrobenzene-carbon tetrachloride-water two-phase systems (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 163 (1992), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Radiolytic products of the two-phase systems of nitrobenzene-carbon tetrachloride-water mixtures have been identified using HPLC adsorption chromatography on SEPARON SIX silica gel column under an elution gradient from n-hexane to ethyl acetate. That the product formation is a function of the mixture composition is indicated by the chromatograms. Para-nitrophenol constitutes one of the major radiolytic products in the system where the volume ratio of nitrobenzene is more than that of carbon tetrachloride and its radiation yield is dependent on the volume ratio of the aqueous phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02037485
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GC-FTIR-MS analysis of volatile radiolysis products of nitrophenol solutions in carbon tetrachloride (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 175 (1993), S. 359-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Capillary gas chromatography — Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with capillary gas chromatography — mass spectrometry is employed for the analysis of major volatile products in the γ-radiolysis of isomeric nitrophenol solutions in carbon tetrachloride. Isomeric di- and trichlorophenols, chloronitrophenols and dichloroisocyanatobenzenes in addition to those formed with m- and p-isomers, are among the important products formed in the solution of o-nitrophenol in carbon tetrachloride. Formation of dichloroisocyanatobenzene is explained by the interaction of dichlorocarbene with the nitro group followed by the ipso-substitution of OH and H atom by chlorine atom.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164038
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of radiation yields of ionogenic products of two-phase water-dibutylphosphate systems by capillary isotachophoresis (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 208 (1996), S. 369-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The main ionogenic radiolytical degradation products are monobutylphosphate, phosphoric acid, formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids as the result of gamma-irradiation of two-phase water-dibutylphosphate system. The products were determined using capillary isotachophoresis. According two-phase theory the total (T G(X)) and partial (GI(X) for aqueous phase and GII(X) for organic phase) radiation yields of products and decomposition of DBP in the radiolysis of two phase water-dibutylphosphate systems were calculated from the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02040056
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of radiation yields of ionogenic products of two-phase water-tributylphosphate and water-di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phosphoric acid systems by capillary isotachophoresis (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 208 (1996), S. 351-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract It was found that the main ionogenic radiolytical degradation products of tributylphosphate were monobutylphosphate dibutylphosphate, phosphoric acid, formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids as the result of gamma-irradiation of two-phase water-tributylphosphate system. In the case of irradiation of two-phase water-di(2-ethylhexyl)-phosphoric acid system, the main radiolytic degradation products are 2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid and phosphoric acid. All products were determined using isotachophoresis. According two-phase theory the total and partial radiation yields of products were calculated from the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02039771
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X- and gamma-radiolysis of phosphate esters. Electron spin resonance study by the spin trap technique (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 127 (1988), S. 177-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Radicals formed at X- and γ-radiolysis of glass and liquid tri-n-butylphosphate /TBP/, di-n-butylphosphate /DBP/, di/2-ethylhexyl/phosphoric acid /DEHPA/, tri-p-tolylphosphate /TTP/ and di-n-butyl-n-butyl phopsphonate /DBBPN/ were studied using the technique of spin trap using C-phenyl-N-tert. butylnitrone /PBN/ and 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane /MNP/ as spin trap agents. When using PBN, nitroxyl radicals generated by the spin trap of hydrogen atoms and labile radicals of phosphates or phosphonate were identified after irradiation in vacuum. Radiation-chemical yield of spin adducts was observed, as well as their thermal stability at 293 K, rate constants and half-time of decay and free activation energy of the decay of spin adducts. Mechanism of generation and decay of nitroxyl radicals is discussed. The spin adducts with MNP have a relatively low stability and superposition of some adducts spectra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164863
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation degradation of waste waters (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 183 (1994), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Saturated aqueous solutions of nitrobenzene (in water, 0.1M nitric acid and 0.1M potassium hydroxide) were irradiated with60Co γ-rays in deaerated condition. Radiolytic products were analyzed using reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and multicomponent UV-VIS spectrometry. With the aid of RP-HPLC retention times of the radiolytic products were found to be identical with those of isomeric nitrophenols, aminophenols and dinitrophenols. According to the primary information obtained from RP-HPLC and literature, we have chosen ten standards and eleven wavelengths for multicomponent UV-VIS analysis (linear multiparametric regression analysis) and the concentrations of nitrobenzene, nitrophenols, aminophenols and dinitrophenols in water, HNO3 and KOH solutions were calculated.G-values molecules/100 eV) of the radiolytic products and decomposition of nitrobenzene in aqueous solutionsG(-nitrobenzene) were calculated from the dependence of their concentrations with dose. Ph has relatively little influence on the decrease of concentration of nitrobenzene, but has strong influence on the product composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02043121
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GC-FTIR-MS analysis of volatile radiolytic products in the radiolysis of nitroaniline-carbon tetrachloride solutions+ (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 176 (1993), S. 185-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A good deal of products formed in the γ-radiolysis of isomeric nitroaniline solutions in carbon tetrachloride have been identified using GC-FTIR-MS technique. Tetrachloroethylene, chloroeenzene, hexachloroethane isomeric di-, tri- and tetrachlorobenzenes and chloroisocyanatobenzenes are among the important products formed in the radiolysis. Formation of dichlorobenzene is the result of ipso-substitution of both the nitro and aniline group by chlorine atom and the subsequent chlorination of dichlorobenzene results in the formation of polychlorobenzenes. Chloroisocyanatobenzene is proposed to be the product arising from the interaction of dichlorocarbene and the nitro group of nitroaniline followed by chlorination of the resulting product, isocyanatobenzene. A 94% yield of undissolved 1,2-aminonitrobenzene chloride salt is obtained from the radiolysis of o-nitroaniline solution in carbon tetrachloride with a radiation yield of 1.83 molecules per 100 eV absorbed energy for an irradiation dose of 267 kGy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02163669
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of radiolytic products of two-phase tributylphosphate—Water systems by capillary isotachophoresis (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 129 (1989), S. 229-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A capillary isotachophoresis was used for determination of ionogenic radiolytic products of two-phase tributylphosphate—water systems. Optimum operating conditions for analytical determination of dibutylphosphate (DPP), monobutylphosphate (MBP), H3PO4, formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acid were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02039819
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