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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spin trapping of free radicals generated by gammaradiolysis of crown ethers and their analogues (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 145 (1990), S. 205-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Gamma-radiolytically generated radicals of crown ethers /12-crown-4, 1; 15-crown-5, 2; dicyclohexano-24-crown-8, 3/ and the model compounds /tetrahydrofurane, 4 and 1,4-dioxane, 5/ were studied by the spin-trapping method using C-phenyl-N-methylnitrone /PBN/ as a spin-trapping agent giving rise to the sufficiently stable nitroxyl radicals. The spin adducts of radicals 2 and 3 are relatively stable up to the temperature 253 K and 453 K, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02202026
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gamma-radiolysis of some crown ethers and their analogues. Electron spin resonance specra of free radicals (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 145 (1990), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The method of low temperature ESR spectroscopy was used to study the free radicals generated by γ-irradiation of crown ethers: 12-crown-4 /1/; 15-crown-5 /2/; dicyclohexane-24-crown-8 /3/; and their analogues: tetrahydrofurane /4/ and 1,4-dioxane /5/. ESR spectra of radicals 4 and 5 taken at 77 K represent a simple singlet; ESR spectra of radicals generated from 1, 2 and 3 have a complex, multiplet structure. The kinetics of thermal decay of free radicals 4 in dependence on temperature starting from 103 K was investigated. The radicals 4 decay very fast at 253 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02202025
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paramagnetic centers by X-ray-irradiation of aluminium hydroxide (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 154 (1991), S. 61-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract EPR spectra of paramagnetic centers originating from X-ray-irradiation of aluminium hydroxide at room temperature have been measured. The EPR spectrum represents a superposition of EPR spectra of ionic centers O−, holes of type and trapped electrons. Radiation chemical yield of paramagnetic centers observed at room temperature (293 K) is G(∈spins.)=4.4±0.6) spins per 100 eV absorbed energy. The decay of paramagnetic centers in irradiated Al(OH)3 was oberved at 293 K. The rate constant of the paramagnetic centers decay in irradiated Al(OH)3 is K2=(0.0980±0.0019) kg·mol−1·min−1 and their half-life is 9.43±0.18 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02163064
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiolysis of water-nitrobenzene-carbon tetrachloride and water-chlorobenzene-carbon tetrachloride two-phase systems. Radiation yields of chloride ions (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 166 (1992), S. 251-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The influence of nitrobenzene and chlorobenzene on the total radiation yield of chloride ions in the γ-irradiation of water-carbon tetrachloride two-phase systems has been determined. Nitrobenzene at small concentrations shows a pronounced protective influence on the radiation destruction of carbon tetrachloride. Similar protective effect on the destruction of carbon tetrachloride is shown by chlorobenzene, too, but the decrease of radiation yields of chloride ions is smoother, which is explained by radiation decomposition of chlorobenzene itself. Protective effect of nitrobenzene and chlorobenzene on the radiation destruction of carbon tetrachloride is explained by transfer of energy from carbon tetrachloride molecules to the aromatic molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164748
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GC-MS and GC-FTIR identification of volatile radiolytic products in water-nitrobenzene-carbon tetrachloride two phase systems (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 173 (1993), S. 395-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Various volatile products formed in the γ-radiolysis of water-nitrobenzene-carbon tetrachloride two phase systems have been identified using GC-MS and GC-FTIR systems. The conditions for the separation of the products are described in detail. It was found that product formation is dependent on the composition of the systems. In case when the volume ratio of carbon tetrachloride is higher, chlorobenzene appears to be one of the major radiolytic products. This means that substitution of the nitro group by chlorine atom occurs in the presence of water. Substitution of the nitro group and hydrogen atom by chlorine atom and/or HO free radical is also observed, depending on the composition of the mixture. Formation of phenyl isocyanate is proposed to be the result of interaction of dichlorocarbene and nitrobenzene. The mechanism of some main product formation is described briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02043042
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photolysis of water-carbon tetrachloride and water-chlorobenzene saturated solutions and their two-phase systems. Quantum yields of chloride ions (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 166 (1992), S. 239-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The quantum yields of formation of chloride ions were determined in photolysis (λ=254 nm) of watercarbon tetrachloride organic phase of ΦCCl4(Cl−)=0.89±0.04 water-chlorobenzene (ΦPhCl(Cl−)=0.137± ±0.005) two-phase systems and saturated aqueous solutions of carbon tetrachloride (ΦCCl4(Cl−)=18.9±5.6 and chlorobenzene ΦPhCl(Cl−)=0.56±0.03. The quantum yields of chloride ions obtained from these systems are compared with partial radiation yields in the same systems. A mechanism for formation of Cl− ions is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164747
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation chemical yields of main volatile products in the gamma-radiolysis of nitrobenzene and isomeric dinitrobenzene, nitrophenol, and nitroaniline solutions in carbon tetrachloride (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 174 (1993), S. 103-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract GC-MS method has been used for the determination of initial radiation yields of tetrachloroetyhelene, hexachloroethane and other volatile radiolyticalipso-substitued products including dichlorobenzenes, and chloronitrobenzenes formed in the γ-radiolysis of solutions of nitrobenzene, isomeric dinitrobenzenes, nitrophenols and nitroanilines in carbon tetrachloride. The decay of the solutes except nitrobenzene with dose is also considered by evaluating G(-solute) values. In almost all the solutions a decrease in the G-value of hexachloroethane is observed except inpara-dinitrobenzene andpara-nitrophenol solution where the G-value remains unaltered. The formation of tetrachloroethylene is not affected by the presence of nitroaromatics expect in the case ofortho-nitroaniline andortho-nitrophenol solutions, where an increase in the G-value is observed. This observation is explained in terms of energy transfer (quenching), charge transfer and scavenging of electrons by the nitroaromatic mmolecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02040338
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HPLC profiling of radiolytic products of nitrobenzene-carbon tetrachloride-water two-phase systems (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 163 (1992), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Radiolytic products of the two-phase systems of nitrobenzene-carbon tetrachloride-water mixtures have been identified using HPLC adsorption chromatography on SEPARON SIX silica gel column under an elution gradient from n-hexane to ethyl acetate. That the product formation is a function of the mixture composition is indicated by the chromatograms. Para-nitrophenol constitutes one of the major radiolytic products in the system where the volume ratio of nitrobenzene is more than that of carbon tetrachloride and its radiation yield is dependent on the volume ratio of the aqueous phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02037485
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GC-FTIR-MS analysis of volatile radiolysis products of nitrophenol solutions in carbon tetrachloride (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 175 (1993), S. 359-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Capillary gas chromatography — Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with capillary gas chromatography — mass spectrometry is employed for the analysis of major volatile products in the γ-radiolysis of isomeric nitrophenol solutions in carbon tetrachloride. Isomeric di- and trichlorophenols, chloronitrophenols and dichloroisocyanatobenzenes in addition to those formed with m- and p-isomers, are among the important products formed in the solution of o-nitrophenol in carbon tetrachloride. Formation of dichloroisocyanatobenzene is explained by the interaction of dichlorocarbene with the nitro group followed by the ipso-substitution of OH and H atom by chlorine atom.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164038
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation degradation of waste waters (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 183 (1994), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Saturated aqueous solutions of nitrobenzene (in water, 0.1M nitric acid and 0.1M potassium hydroxide) were irradiated with60Co γ-rays in deaerated condition. Radiolytic products were analyzed using reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and multicomponent UV-VIS spectrometry. With the aid of RP-HPLC retention times of the radiolytic products were found to be identical with those of isomeric nitrophenols, aminophenols and dinitrophenols. According to the primary information obtained from RP-HPLC and literature, we have chosen ten standards and eleven wavelengths for multicomponent UV-VIS analysis (linear multiparametric regression analysis) and the concentrations of nitrobenzene, nitrophenols, aminophenols and dinitrophenols in water, HNO3 and KOH solutions were calculated.G-values molecules/100 eV) of the radiolytic products and decomposition of nitrobenzene in aqueous solutionsG(-nitrobenzene) were calculated from the dependence of their concentrations with dose. Ph has relatively little influence on the decrease of concentration of nitrobenzene, but has strong influence on the product composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02043121
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