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  • Springer  (1,104)
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the intrinsic geometry ofS n×S n (1971)
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 194 (1971), S. 68-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01351823
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geometry of manifolds which admit conservation laws, II (1971)
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 194 (1971), S. 167-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01350048
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Representations of distributive lattices as lattices of functions (1961)
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 143 (1961), S. 187-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01342978
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extensions of zero-sets and of real-valued functions (1974)
    Springer
    Mathematische Zeitschrift 136 (1974), S. 41-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1823
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01189255
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation and fate of tri-n-butyltin cation in estuarine bacteria (1982)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 8 (1982), S. 241-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The accumulation and possible metabolic transformation of tri-n-butyltin cation by tin-resistant estuarine bacteria was studied. The bacterial isolates accumulated tributyltin to 3.7–7.7 mg tin per g dry weight of cells by a nonenergy requiring process, probably by adsorption to the cell envelope. Chemical speciation of cell extracts and culture media by combined liquid chromatography-atomic absorption spectrophotometry and tin-selective purge and trap flame photometric gas chromatography for possible tributyltin degradation products revealed no significant biotransformations of tributyltin cation by the tributyltin-resistant isolates. Apparently the isolates accumulate, but do not metabolize tributyltin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02011428
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Future multimedia user interfaces (1996)
    Springer
    Multimedia systems 4 (1996), S. 250-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1882
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. No matter how powerful or elegant the technologies underlying multimedia computing, it is the user interface that ultimately determines how these systems will be used. We provide an overview of two emerging areas of user-interface research that will play major roles in future multimedia systems: virtual environments and ubiquitous computing. We discuss what they are and why they are important, and describe their relationship to current multimedia systems. While mouse and window-based user interfaces provide access to 2D graphics, video, and sound, virtual environments not only involve interactive 3D graphics, but further address all our senses through the use of spatial audio, haptics, and other modalities. While it is still a research goal to provide high-throughput video on demand, ubiquitous computing will require that multimedia network infrastructure also support extremely low-latency interaction among large numbers of mobile wireless users. To arrive at an understanding of the needs, capabilities, and potential of these new paradigms, we introduce their terminology and technology, and explain the basic system architectures being explored, leading up to a discussion of key current research issues and future directions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005300050027
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trematode and Monogenean rRNA ITS2 Secondary Structures Support a Four-Domain Model (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 47 (1998), S. 406-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Secondary structure — Trematode — Monogenean — ITS2 — Ribosomal RNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The secondary structure of rRNA internal transcribed spacer 2 is important in the process of ribosomal biogenesis. Trematode ITS sequences are poorly conserved and difficult to align for phylogenetic comparisons above a family level. If a conserved secondary structure can be identified, it can be used to guide primary sequence alignments. ITS2 sequences from 39 species were compared. These species span four orders of trematodes (Echinostomiformes, Plagiorchiformes, Strigeiformes, and Paramphistomiformes) and one monogenean (Gyrodactyliformes). The sequences vary in length from 251 to 431 bases, with an average GC content of 48%. The monogenean sequence could not be aligned with confidence to the trematodes. Above the family level trematode sequences were alignable from the 5′ end for 139 bases. Secondary structure foldings predicted a four-domain model. Three folding patterns were required for the apex of domain B. The folding pattern of domains C and D varies for each family. The structures display a high GC content within stems. Bases A and U are favored in unpaired regions and variable sites cluster. This produces a mosaic of conserved and variable regions with a structural conformation resistant to change. Two conserved strings were identified, one in domain B and the other in domain C. The first site can be aligned to a processing site identified in yeast and rat. The second site has been found in plants, and structural location appears to be important. A phylogenetic tree of the trematode sequences, aligned with the aid of secondary structures, distinguishes the four recognized orders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006398
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The radiolysis of tryptophan and leucine with32Pβ-radiation (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 15 (1980), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: β-radiolysis ; Asymmetric radiolysis ; Vester-Ulbricht Hypothesis ; Origin of optical activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have extended earlier experiments on the radiolysis of DL-tryptophan using32Pβ-radiation to longer reaction times, observing complete destruction of the tryptophan by secondary, non-radiolytic processes. We have also undertaken the irradiation of DL-leucine with32Pβ's at -196°, achieving radiolyses to the extents of ca. 20–30%, but observing no concomittant asymmetric bias. The implications of these observations are discussed with regard to the Vester-Ulbricht mechanism for the origin of optical activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01732580
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of litter quality and microarthropods on N dynamics and retention of exogenous 15N in decomposing litter (1992)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 12 (1992), S. 241-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Decomposition ; Litter ; Microarthropods ; Nitrogen ; 15N ; Litterbags ; Cornus florida ; Quercus prinus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Surface additions of (15NH4)2SO4 were used to measure the immobilization and subsequent movement of exogenous N added to two litter types of contrasting quality (Cornus florida and Quercus prinus). Litterbaskets were used to measure the litter mass loss and N dynamics and to follow the movement of the 15N label through litter, F layer, and soil pools. Half of the litterbaskets of each species were treated with naphthalene to reduce microarthropod densities. The faster decomposing C. florida litter maintained a higher excess atom % 15N, and a greater relative concentration of the labeled input (μg 15N g−1) than did Q. prinus litter. In both litter types the excess atom % 15N, relative concentration (μg 15N g−1), and absolute amount of label recovered in the litter declined over time. This occurred during a period of net accumulation of total litter N, implying simultaneous release of the initial input and immobilization of N from other sources. The concentration of 15N in the soil increased over time, while the F layer apparently acted as an intermediary in the transfer of 15N from litter to soil. Naphthalene effectively reduced microarthropod numbers in all horizons of the litterbaskets and significantly reduced the decay rates of Q. prinus, but not C. florida litter. Naphthalene did not appear to affect total N dynamics in the litter. However, with all horizons taken together, the naphthalene-treated litterbaskets retained more total 15N than the control litterbaskets. Naphthalene also changed the vertical distribution of 15N within litterbaskets, so that the litter retained less of the 15N-labeled input and the F layer and soil horizons retained more of the labeled input than in control litterbaskets. Our major conclusions are: (1) the N pool of decomposing litter is dynamic, with simultaneous N release and immobilization activating N turnover even during the net accumulation phase; (2) litter quality is an important determinant of immobilization and retention of exogenous N inputs and, therefore, turnover of the litter N pool; and (3) microarthropod activity can significantly affect the incorporation and retention of exogenous N inputs in decomposing litter, although these changes are apparently not reflected in net N accumulation or release during the 1st year of decomposition. However, the naphthalene may have affected microbially mediated N dynamics and this possibility needs to be considered in interpreting the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336039
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of earthworms on nitrogen mineralization (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Earthworms ; N mineralization ; Agroecosystems ; Soil structure ; Microbial biomass ; Lumbricus terrestris ; Aporrectodea tuberculata ; Soil cores
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The influence of earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris and Aporrectodea tuberculata) on the rate of net N mineralization was studied, both in soil columns with intact soil structure (partly influenced by past earthworm activity) and in columns with sieved soil. Soil columns were collected from a well drained silt loam soil, and before the experiment all earthworms present were removed. Next, either new earthworms (at the rate of five earthworms per 1200 cm3, which was only slightly higher than field numbers and biomass) were added or they were left out. At five points in time, the columns were analyzed for NH 4 + , NO 3 − , and microbial biomass in separate samples from the upper and lower layers of the columns. N mineralization was estimated from these measurements. The total C and N content and the microbial biomass in the upper 5 cm of the intact soil columns was higher than in the lower layer. In the homogenized columns, the C and N content and the microbial biomass were equally divided over both layers. In all columns, the concentration of NH 4 + was small at the start of the experiment and decreased over time. No earthworm effects on extractable NH 4 + were observed. However, when earthworms were present, the concentration of NO 3 − increased in both intact and homogenized cores. The microbial biomass content did not change significantly with time in any of the treatments. In both intact and homogenized soil, N mineralization increased when earthworms were present. Without earthworms, both type of cores mineralized comparable amounts of N, which indicates that mainly direct and indirect biological effects are responsible for the increase in mineralization in the presence of earthworms. The results of this study indicate that earthworm activity can result in considerable amounts of N being mineralized, up to 90 kg N ha−1 year−1, at the density used in this experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335819
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