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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 2853-2856 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Resonant Raman scattering from AlxGa1−xN (x≤0.17) layers in (Al, Ga, In)N heterostructures has been studied using optical excitation at a photon energy of hνL=3.72 eV (333.61 nm). Tuning of the AlGaN band-gap energy, and thus of the resonance condition, was achieved by variation of the sample temperature. A pronounced outgoing resonance behavior was observed for first- and second-order Raman scattering by the AlGaN A1(LO) phonon, which allows a separation of the AlGaN LO phonon signal from the corresponding GaN phonon line even in the presence of much thicker surrounding GaN layers. The composition dependence of the AlxGa1−xN A1(LO) phonon mode was determined to ωLO(x)=734+356.8x−814.7x2 (cm−1) for the present excitation conditions (hνL=3.72 eV) and composition range (x≤0.17). The use of resonantly enhanced Raman scattering by the AlGaN A1(LO) phonon allowed us to assess nondestructively the composition of the AlGaN cladding layers in an (Al, Ga, In)N laser structure, even though the Raman spectrum recorded for nonresonant subband-gap excitation was completely dominated by scattering from the much thicker GaN layers in the structure. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Measurement of spectra in the wavelength range from vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) to soft x ray is an important means to diagnose impurity behavior in magnetically confined plasmas used in fusion plasmas. Recently, a space- and time-resolving flat-field grazing-incidence VUV spectrograph was constructed for the simultaneous observation of spatial, temporal, and spectral distributions of plasma radiation in the wavelength range of 150–1050 Å. Absolute calibration experiments were performed at beamline 11C and beamline 12A in the Photon Factory at the High Energy Acceleration Research Organization. The absolute sensitivity of the VUV spectrograph was measured under both P and S polarized light conditions. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 4400-4402 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied band-gap renormalization and band filling in Si-doped GaN films with free-electron concentrations up to 1.7×1019 cm−3, using temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The low-temperature (2 K) PL spectra showed a line-shape characteristic for momentum nonconserving band-to-band recombination. The energy downshift of the low-energy edge of the PL line with increasing electron concentration n, which is attributed to band-gap renormalization (BGR) effects, could be fitted by a n1/3 power law with a BGR coefficient of −4.7×10−8 eV cm. The peak energy of the room-temperature band-to-band photoluminescence spectrum was found to decrease as the carrier concentration increases up to about 7×1018 cm−3, followed by a high-energy shift upon further increasing carrier concentration, due to the interplay between the BGR effects and band filling. The room-temperature PL linewidth showed a monotonic increase with carrier concentration, which could be described by a n2/3 power-law dependence. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 6464-6468 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Raman spectra of diamondlike amorphous carbon (a-C) films prepared under atmosphere with various hydrogen gas content have been measured as a function of excitation wavelength. The Raman spectral profiles vary with excitation wavelength depending on electronic absorption spectra associated with π-π* electronic transitions. Dependence of Raman spectra on excitation wavelength is interpreted in terms of π-π* resonant Raman scattering from aromatic rings with various sizes rather than polyene chains. The relative intensity of a 1400 cm−1 band against a 1530 cm−1 band is found to decrease with an increase of sp3 content in a-C films. It is shown that the relative intensity can be used as a parameter for sp3 content.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 5183-5188 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial growth of a silicon thin film has been accomplished at a temperature lower than 650 °C by electron cyclotron resonance plasma chemical vapor deposition using an ultrahigh vacuum chamber. Ar plasma from the same electron cyclotron plasma ion source is also used for surface cleaning of the substrate. The relationship between the cleaning condition of a substrate and the quality of an epitaxially grown silicon film is examined in detail. The energy of Ar plasma in the cleaning process should be kept lower than 100 eV in order to obtain films of good crystal quality. Otherwise, damage by Ar ion bombardment cannot be restored by annealing at lower than 700 °C. The epitaxial growth also should be carried out without the accelerating bias voltage to avoid residual compressive stress in the film. An epitaxial film with perfect crystal structure (indicating only a Kikuchi pattern of reflection of high-energy electron diffraction) is obtained at the substrate temperature of 710 °C.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 1119-1121 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hydrogen-etched 6H SiC (0001) surfaces have been studied by reflection high-energy positron diffraction and atomic force microscopy. It was found that residual damage on the surfaces were effectively removed by the hydrogen etching as compared to the HF etching after the oxidation. The hydrogen-etched surfaces were atomically flat. After the oxidation following the hydrogen etching, the surface roughness was found to increase and an anomalous dip structure appeared in the rocking curve of the reflection high-energy positron diffraction. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 694-696 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have measured Raman spectra of diamond with nanometer size, called cluster diamond. The Raman bands assigned to sp2 and sp3 clusters have been observed at around 1600 and 1322 cm−1, respectively. This result suggests that the cluster diamond slightly contains the sp2 cluster. The Raman band assigned to sp3 cluster is found to shift by −10 cm−1, compared with that of bulk crystal and to be asymmetric with some tailing toward lower Raman frequency. The observed Raman spectrum agrees well with that calculated by a phonon confinement model. The crystallite size of the cluster diamond estimated from the phonon confinement model agrees approximately with that estimated from x-ray measurement. Raman spectroscopy gives some information about the crystallite size of diamond particles with nanometer size. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 52 (1988), S. 1639-1641 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Raman spectra of diamondlike amorphous carbon (a-C) films prepared by the sputtering method have been measured as a function of the excitation wavelength. The Raman spectral profiles vary sensitively, reflecting the change of absorption spectra associated with π-π* electronic transitions with the hydrogen content of the films. From a comparison between Raman and electronic absorption spectra, it is confirmed that the Raman spectral variation with the excitation wavelength is due to the π-π* resonant Raman scattering from π-bonded (sp2) carbon clusters.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 428-431 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have measured Raman spectra of a diamond film prepared on the (111) surface of cubic boron nitride(c-BN) by the dc plasma chemical vapor deposition method. The polarization property of the Raman line of diamond agrees well with that of LO phonon for the (111) surface of c-BN. The agreement between the polarization property of Raman lines of diamond and c-BN indicates a possibility of the heteroepitaxial growth of the diamond film on the (111) surface of c-BN. It is found that the diamond layers on c-BN are under tensile stress of 2.2×1011 dyn/cm2. The value of the corresponding tensile strain agrees well with the lattice mismatch calculated from the lattice constants of c-BN and diamond, supporting the possibility of the heteroepitaxial growth of the diamond film. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique not only to estimate the stress in the diamond film but also to determine the crystallographic orientation.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 3114-3116 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Raman spectra of diamond powders with size less than 2 μm have been measured as a function of the particle size. The Raman line was found to become more asymmetric with some tailing towards lower Raman shifts, broader, and weaker with decreasing particle size. The observed result can be explained by a phonon confinement effect rather than by a strain effect. This work predicts that it is very difficult to detect Raman spectra of diamond particles with size less than ∼50 A(ring). A broad Raman band, whose intensity becomes stronger with decreasing particle size, was observed around 600 cm−1 in the spectra of diamond powders with particle size less than 2 μm. We hypothesize that the broad band arises from transverse acoustic phonons near the Brillouin zone boundary because of the relaxation in the wave vector selection rule.
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