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  • Springer  (46)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (4)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Amsterdam : Elsevier
  • 1980-1984  (50)
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 13 (1984), S. 313-326 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The use of small (1 m3) enclosures for providing data on the persistence and effects of chemicals in freshwater was investigated. The enclosures included an intact water column with its associated flora and fauna and provided water/air and water/sediment interfaces when placed in small ponds. The enclosures provided a means of examining a variety of toxic effects of two chemicals, an insecticide (methyl parathion) and a herbicide (linuron), under relatively natural conditions in a replicated experiment which lasted six weeks. Toxic effects on Zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, and the flora of the enclosures were observed and compared with the results of laboratory toxicity tests and bioassays of water samples collected from the enclosures. The persistence of the two chemicals in the water in the enclosures was followed by chemical analysis and bioassay. Experiments in enclosures could play a role in providing data to be used in the assessment of the hazard posed by chemicals: particularly in cases where the laboratory data on acute toxicity, to single species or simple associations of species, and knowledge of simple physical constants are inadequate to allow assessment of the hazard.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Molar growth yields ; Thermoacidophile ; Respiratory chain energy conservation ; Membrane permeability ; Temperature and pH ; Bacillus acidocaldarius
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The molar yield coefficients (Y glucose, Y O 2) of glucose-limited continuous cultures of the thermoacidophile Bacillus acidocaldarius have been measured as a function of dilution rate as well as over a range of temperature and pH (51°C to 64°C, pH 2.8–5.5) at a fixed dilution rate of approximately 0.1 h-1. The highest growth yields were observed at 51°C and pH〉4.3 (Y glucose 54.8 g cells · mol glucose-1, Y O 2 15.0 g cells · mol O 2 -1 ), but were very much lower than those of mesophilic neutrophiles of similar respiratory chain composition to B. acidocaldarius. Even lower growth yields were observed when the temperature was raised or when the pH was lowered, lowest yields occurring at 64°C and pH 2.8 (Y glucose 23.4 g cells · mol glucose-1, Y O 2 5.9 g cells · mol O 2 -1 ). These decreases in growth yield could be correlated with increases in the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane to protons, i.e. cells needed to catalyse enhanced rates of substrate oxidation in order to avoid a potentially lethal acidification of the cytoplasm. This strategy appears to be successful in that the specific death rates in situ were very low for all cultures except those growing under the most extreme conditions (64°C, pH 2.8).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Schlagwort(e): Bacillus acidocaldarius ; Response surface analysis ; Temperature and pH
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A minimal-salts medium has been optimised to support the growth of the acidophilic thermophilic bacterium Bacillus acidocaldarius. This medium was used during a study of the effect of temperature and pH on the growth rate and growth yield of this organism in batch cultures; a statistical method was used to design the experimental points, and the data were subjected to a response surface analysis which allowed the growth rate and growth yield to be predicted over the entire temperature and pH range from a minimum number of experimental points. The results indicate different responses for growth rate (optimum, 60°C, pH 4.1) and growth yield (optimum tending towards low temperature and neutral pH).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Schlagwort(e): 82.50 ; 33
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary 1. A study was designed to investigate the effects of intra and inter-specific competition on the productivity of single and multi-species stands of plants normally dominant in first year old-field communities of mid-Michigan. The four species used were Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Panicum capillare and Setaria viridis. 2. Specifically, we tested (1) the relationship between diversity and productivity, (2) the effect of arrangement (pattern) of individuals within an array of old-field dominants on yield and (3) the expression of dominance and resultant allocation of yields within mixture arrays of different plant species. In direct contrast to many earlier studies, our experiments were completed in the field under natural conditions. 3. Mean yield of the highest yielding monoculture, Amaranthus, was greater than any of the yields of the mixture plots. 4. Changing the pattern within mixtures had no significant effect on the yields of the mixture plots. Distribution of biomass among the component species followed a geometric pattern similar to that predicted by the niche pre-emption hypothesis (Whittaker, 1965, 1969). Using yield as a criterion, dominance was clearly expressed in the mixture plots. Amaranthus contributed more than 50% of the yield in all of the mixture plots. 5. A relative competitive ability index (RCA) was developed to demonstrate more clearly the intra and interspecific relationships among the species in mixture plots and to “equalize” the inherent weight differential among species. Relative Competitive Ability, from highest to lowest, was Amaranthus, Chenopodium, Setaria and Panicum. 6. The paired species experiment demonstrated that the performance of species in multi-species arrays cannot be predicted from paired competition experiments. 7. In the diversity-yield experiment and the paired-species competitive ability experiment, dicotyledons were clearly superior to monocotyledons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Oecologia 55 (1982), S. 110-113 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Stable carbon isotope analysis was used to define the food sources of bivalve Chione (Austrovenus) stutchburyi in the Avon-Heathcote Estuary, Christchurch, New Zealand. δ13C values of C. stutchburyi tissue were significantly different (from -16.7‰ to -23.5‰ relative to the PDB standard) at five locations separated by less than 4 km but subject to different hydrological regimes. This is related to differences in the isotopic composition of the suspended particulate matter of the inflowing water. C. stutchburyi is shown to utilise carbon of terrestrial and marine origin depending upon its position within the estuary and local hydrology.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 12 (1980), S. 143-158 
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, the radiation losses caused by film thickness and refractive index discontinuities in asymmetric slab waveguides are examined theoretically. A technique developed by Mahmoud and Beal for dealing with the continuous part of the radiation spectrum is used. Several numerical examples which show the radiation loss for various waveguide configurations are presented and discussed and, where appropriate, comparisons with other related work made. In the case of asymmetric thickness steps, the radiation losses are found to be appreciably higher than those computed for symmetric guides. The radiation losses for guides having the same thickness were found to decrease as the guide thickness increased. Once the TE1 mode become guided, the losses decreased rapidly. However, if the two guides had different thickness then it was found that the losses exhibited a minimum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Ein vielseitiges und flexibles System zur Analyse von gebildeten Gasen wird beschrieben, das GLC, MS (in Massen-scanning und SIM Betriebsweise) und GLC-MS umfaßt. Damit können die in zwei differentialthermoanalytischen Einheiten, einer Thermowaage oder einem direkt mit dem MS- oder GLC-Gerät gekoppelten Mikroofen aus den zu untersuchenden Substanzen entwickelten Gase analysiert werden. Einzelheiten der komputerkontrollierten Datengewinnung und Steuerung werden angegeben. Die Techniken werden zur Untersuchung der thermischen Zersetzung von Calciumpropionat herangezogen. Mechanismen werden vorgeschlagen, die die beobachteten Zersetzungsprodukte und die Festkörperreaktion erklären. Beweise werden dafür erbracht, daß bei letzterer eine Keimbildung und darauffolgendes zweidimensionales Wachstum vor sich geht, wobei die Aktivierungsenergie 315 kJ·mol−1 und der präexponentielle Faktor 4.8·1021·s−1 beträgt.
    Kurzfassung: Резюме Описана многосторон яя и гибкая система анализа выделяющего ся газа на основе использования газо-ж идкостной хроматогр афии (ГЖХ), масс-спектрометрии (MC) и совмещенного метода ГЖХ и MC. Термовес ы или микропечь соеди нены прямо с массспектрометром или газо-жидкостным х роматографом, что поз воляет анализировать газы, выделяющиеся из веще ств в этих двух различ ных термических аналити ческих блоках. Приведены детали сбо ра и обработки данных с помощью ЭВМ. Метод был использ ован для изучения термиче ского разложения про пионата кальция. Предложен ме ханизм реакций образования продукт ов разложения и тверд отельных процессов. Предсравл ены доказательства в пользу того, что твер дотельные процессы п роисходят через стадию образов ания центров кристаллиза ции, за которой следуе т двухразмерный рост с энергией активации 315 кдж.моль−1 и предэкшо ненциальным факторо м 4,8·1021 сек−1.
    Notizen: Abstract A versatile and flexible system is described for evolved gas analysis using a GLC, MS (mass scan and SIM modes) and GLC-MS. Gases evolved from materials in two differential thermal analysis units, a thermobalance or a micro-furnace linked directly to the MS or GLC can be analysed. Details are given of computer controlled data acquisition and processing. The techniques are applied to the thermal decomposition of calcium propanoate. Mechanisms are suggested to account for the observed decomposition products and the solid state process. Evidence is presented to support the view that the latter occurs via nucleation followed by two-dimensional growth with an activation energy of 315 kJ mol−1 and a pre-exponential factor of 4.8×1021s−1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 31 (1983), S. 459-466 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of parallel programming 9 (1980), S. 15-29 
    ISSN: 1573-7640
    Schlagwort(e): Binary search trees ; sorting ; symbol tables
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract It is possible to construct a binary search tree by inserting items at the root instead of adding them as leaves. When used for sorting, the method has several desirable properties, including (a) fewer comparisons in the best case, (b) fewer comparisons in the worst case, (c) a reduced variance, and (d) good performance when the items are already nearly sorted or nearly reverse sorted. For applications in which the tree is searched for existing items as well as having new items added to it (e.g., in the construction of a symbol table), the tree can be made to exhibit stacklike behavior, so that the fewest comparisons are required to locate the most recently used items.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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