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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 70 (1983), S. 207-208 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Umsetzungen von Isobutylidenmeldrumsäure bzw. von 3-Methyl-2-äthoxycarbonylbutyliden-1-meldrumsäure mit Diazoessigester folgen Geschwindigkietsgesetzen 2. Ordnung. Aus der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitskonstanten errechnen sich Aktivierungsparameter, die jenen der 1,3-dipolaren Cycloaddition entsprechen. Diese Werte ändern sich nur wenig bei Übergang zu Lösungsmitteln unterschiedlicher Polarität. Die Ergebnisse lassen auf thermisch labile 1-Pyrazoline als Zwischenprodukte schließen, die dann zu den bekannten, stickstoffreien, stabilen Reaktionsprodukten zerfallen.
    Notes: Abstract The reaction of either isobutylidenmeldrum acid or 3-methyl-2-ethoxycarbonylbutyliden-1-Meldrum acid with ethyl diazoacetate exhibits second order kinetics. The values of the activation parameters, calculated from the temperature dependence of the rate constants, correspond to those obtained from 1,3 dipolar cyclo-addition reactions. These values are altered only slightly when the polarity of the solvent is changed. These results suggest that the reaction proceeds via a thermally labile 1-pyrazoline which then decomposes to give nitrogen and the observed products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 24 (1972), S. 191-200 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Hydrate der Ionen Li+, Na+, Be2+, F− und Cl− mit den Koordinationszahlen 1, 2, 4, 6 und 8 sowie bis zu drei Hydrathüllen wurden mit Hilfe des CNDO/2-Verfahren berechnet. Die Stärke der Wasserstoffbrücken in den äußeren Sphären wird durch die Ladungsübertragung vom Zentralion zu den Liganden stark beeinflußt. Bei F− unterscheidet sich die mittlere Bindungsenergie in der dritten Sphäre kaum mehr vom reinen Wasser; bei Li+ reicht der Einfluß um eine Wasserhülle weiter. Für beide Ionen wird 6 als günstigste Koordinationszahl erhalten.
    Abstract: Résumé Calcul par la méthode CNDO/2 des hydrates des ions Li+, Na+, Be2+, F− et Cl−, à nombres de coordinence 1, 2, 4, 6 et 8, avec jusqu'à trois couches de molécules d'eau. La force de la liaison hydrogène dans les couches externes est largement déterminée par le transfert de charge à partir de l'ion central vers les ligands. Dans la troisième couche d'hydratation de l'ion F− l'énergie de liaison moeyenne est presque la meme que dans les essaims d'eau pure. Dans le cas de Li+ l'influence de l'ion atteint une couche supplémentaire. Pour ces deux ions le nombre de coordinence 6 s'avère le plus favorable.
    Notes: Abstract Hydrates of the ions Li+, Na+, Be2+, F− and Cl− with coordination numbers 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 and up to three shells of water molecules were calculated with the CNDO/2 method. The strength of the hydrogen bond in the outer shells is determined largely by the charge transfer from the central ion to the ligands. In the third hydration shell of the F− ion the average binding energy is almost the same as in pure water clusters. In the case of Li+ the influence of the ion reaches one shell further. For both ions the coordination number 6 is the most favourable one.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 125 (1994), S. 167-188 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Inverse folding ; parallel computing ; public domain software ; RNA folding ; RNA secondary structures ; tree editing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die im Vienna RNA package enthaltenen Computer Programme für die Berechnung und den Vergleich von RNA Sekundärstrukturen werden präsentiert. Ihren Kern bilden Algorithmen zur Vorhersage von Strukturen minimaler Energie sowie zur Berechnung von Zustandssumme und Basenpaarungswahrscheinlichkeiten mittels dynamischer Programmierung. Ein effizienter heuristischer Algorithmus für das inverse Faltungsproblem wird vorgestellt. Darüberhinaus präsentieren wir kompakte und effiziente Programme zum Vergleich von RNA Sekundärstrukturen durch Baum-Editierung und Alignierung. Alle Programme sind in ANSI C geschrieben, darunter auch eine Implementation des Faltungs-algorithmus für Parallelrechner mit verteiltem Speicher. Wie Tests auf einem Intel Hypercube zeigen, wird das Parallelrechnen umso effizienter je länger die Sequenzen sind.
    Notes: Summary Computer codes for computation and comparison of RNA secondary structures, the Vienna RNA package, are presented, that are based on dynamic programming algorithms and aim at predictions of structures with minimum free energies as well as at computations of the equilibrium partition functions and base pairing probabilities. An efficient heuristic for the inverse folding problem of RNA is introduced. In addition we present compact and efficient programs for the comparison of RNA secondary structures based on tree editing and alignment. All computer codes are written in ANSI C. They include implementations of modified algorithms on parallel computers with distributed memory. Performance analysis carried out on an Intel Hypercube shows that parallel computing becomes gradually more and more efficient the longer the sequences are.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 46 (1984), S. 11-17 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Linear birth and death processes are used to derive simple expressions for sequential extinction times and gene fixation probabilities in asexual populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio calculations on the Hartree-Fock level are used to study the effects of cooperativity in ternary complexes and in infinite chains on the example of hydrogen fluoride. SCF energy partitioning demonstrates that polarization forces dominate three-body energies in these aggregates. The crystal orbital method is applied to investigate the structural differences between dimers and molecular crystals.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 64 (1992), S. 772-774 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 65 (1993), S. 1086-1086 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The n.m.r. spectra of some 1,2,2-trisubstituted cyclopropanes are reported. Coupling constants and chemical shifts of the cyclopropane protons and their dependence on substituent effects are discussed. Conformations of benzylcyclopropane derivatives are investigated by long range magnetic shielding. The concentration dependence of the n.m.r. spectra of some 1,3-diols is explained by inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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