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  • 2000-2004  (253)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First report of Phomopsis subordinaria in a natural population of Plantago lanceolata in south-west Finland (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 52 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00844.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal carbonization of porous silicon surface by acetylene (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 456-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Three different thermal carbonization processes of porous silicon (PS) surface by acetylene occurring between 400 and 950 °C were observed by in situ measurements. The peak temperature of oxidation shifts from 300 to 600 °C and the activation energy from 130 to 500 kJ/mole in the samples treated at 900 °C compared to untreated PS. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the bonding configurations associated with the temperature dependent processes were found. In the samples treated at or below 600 °C, traces of C–Hx bonds were clearly seen, but above 600 °C the FTIR spectra started resemble those of the SiC. The graphitization process was found to take place on the surface of PS samples treated above 800 °C. By changing the time between the C2H2 flush and thermal treatment, the graphitization can be controlled and even avoided. The weight increase was observed to be nearly proportional to the reduction of the surface area while the decrease in the surface area due to the thermal carbonization was found to be small. The origin of this phenomenon and the effects of other preparation parameters have been discussed. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1421221
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flame Spray Pyrolysis of Precursors as a Route to Nano-mullite Powder: Powder Characterization and Sintering Behavior (2001)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The flame spray pyrolysis of alcohol-soluble precursors allows the synthesis of mullite-composition nanopowders (average size of ∼60–100 nm) that, when annealed carefully, provide processable nano-mullite powders. The powders have been characterized using several spectroscopic and microscopy methods, including thermal gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Preliminary studies on the pressureless-sintering behavior of these powders are presented. Without additives or any efforts to optimize the process, powder compacts could be sintered to relative densities of 〉90%, with grain sizes of 〈500 nm at 1600°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00774.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Putative role of γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a long-distance signal in up-regulation of nitrate uptake in Brassica napus L. (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The relationship between nitrate influx, BnNrt2 nitrate transporter gene expression and amino acid composition of phloem exudate was investigated during N-deprivation (short-term experiment) and over a growth cycle (long-term experiment) in Brassica napus L. The data showed a positive correlation between γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in phloem exudate and nitrate uptake in the short- and the long-term experiments. The hypothesis that this non-protein amino acid could up-regulate nitrate uptake via a long-distance signalling pathway was tested by providing an exogenous GABA supply to the roots. The effect of GABA was compared with the effects of Gln, Glu and Asn, each known to be inhibitors of nitrate uptake. The results showed that GABA treatment induced a significant increase of BnNrt2 mRNA expression, but had less effect on nitrate influx. By contrast, Gln, Glu and Asn significantly reduced nitrate influx and BnNrt2 mRNA expression compared with the control plants. This study provides the first evidence that GABA may act as a putative long-distance inter-organ signal molecule in plants in conjunction with negative control exerted by Gln. The up-regulation effect of GABA on nitrate uptake is discussed in the context of its role in N metabolism, nutritional stress and the recent discovery of a putative role of GABA as a signal molecule in plant development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01208.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overexpression of a heterologous sam gene encoding S-adenosylmethionine synthetase in flax (Linum usitatissimum) cells: Consequences on methylation of lignin precursors and pectins (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 112 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The Arabidopsis thaliana sam1 gene encoding S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (EC 2.5.1.6) was transferred to flax (Linum usitatissimum) cells via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This enzyme catalyses the conversion of methionine to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the major methyl group donor in living cells. The aim of this work was to study the consequences of an increased SAM-synthetase (SAM-S) activity in transgenic cell lines on both the production of mono- and dimethoxylated lignin monomers and the degree of methylesterification of pectins. Hypocotyls were cocultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 (pGV2260) harbouring the pO35SSAM binary vector carrying the sam1 gene under the control of the 35S promoter and the nptII gene for selection of putative transformed cells. Most of the transgenic cell lines exhibited a significant (up to 3.2-fold) increase in SAM-S activity compared to the controls. The results showed that for the cell lines analysed this transformation had no effect on caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT, EC 2.1.1.68) in vitro activity, degree of methoxylation of lignin precursors or lignin deposition, pectin methyltransferase (PMT, EC 2.1.1) in vitro activity, but led to an increase of pectin methylesterification in friable and fast-growing transgenic cell lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1120211.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soluble proteins and dehydrins in nitrogen-fertilized Scots pine seedlings during deacclimation and the onset of growth (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 109 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Deacclimation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in northern Finland (65°N) was studied from the perspective of protein metabolism, which was related to nitrogen fertilization. Two-year-old seedlings were fertilized with calcium ammonium nitrate (0, 442 and 884 kg N ha−1) in the summer prior to the study. Needles were harvested for analyses at 3-week intervals during the natural deacclimation period from mid-March to the beginning of June 1998. Deacclimation was followed by monitoring various physiological variables: freezing resistance decreased and osmotic potential increased during the experiment and needle dry weight increased from bud flushing onwards. The concentration of soluble proteins in needles was higher in fertilized seedlings but decreased transiently in the 884 kg N ha−1 fertilized seedlings before budbreak. The abundance of several small polypeptides (17–32 kDa) decreased in the spring. A 60-kDa protein, identified by immunoblotting as a dehydrin, was detected in all treatments. The quantity of this dehydrin decreased with resumption of growth, along with the appearance of 50- and 56-kDa dehydrins. The concentration of these dehydrins decreased during dehardening more rapidly in fertilized seedlings than in the control plants. The fertilized seedlings started to grow earlier than the unfertilized plants. In conclusion, nitrogen fertilization provided good reserves for new growth but did not affect deacclimation of pine needles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.100406.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of different methods in microstructural characterization of porous silicon (2000)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 33 (2000), S. 504-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Results obtained using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, small-angle x-ray scattering and wide angle x-ray diffraction in the study of porous silicon are compared. The BET method seems to fail when the porosity of samples is smaller than 50%, giving unrealistically large values for the specific surface area, but giving results similar to SAXS when the porosity is larger than 50%. In the comparison of the WAXD and SAXS data quite large differences between the average particle size and chord length were observed in low-porosity samples. The possible origin of the differences is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889899014466
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tolerance of Gentianella campestris in relation to damage intensity: an interplay between apical dominance and herbivory (2000)
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 14 (2000), S. 373-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: apical dominance ; Gentianella ; grazing tolerance ; herbivory ; meristem allocation ; overcompensation ; shoot architecture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Meristem allocation models suggest that the patterns of compensatory regrowth responses following grazing vary, depending on (i) the number of latent meristems that escape from being damaged, and (ii) the activation sensitivity of the meristems in relation to the degree of damage. We examined the shape of compensatory responses in two late-flowering populations (59°20′N and 65°45′N) of the field gentian. Plants of equal initial sizes were randomly assigned to four treatment groups with 0, 10, 50 and 75% removal of the main stalk. The plants were clipped before flowering, and their performance was studied at the end of the growing season. The northern population showed a linear decrease in shoot biomass and fecundity with increasing biomass removal, while the response in the southern population was quadratic with maximum performance at the damage level of 50% clipping. This nonlinear shape depended upon the activation sensitivity of dormant meristems in relation to their position along the main stem. The highest plant performance was achieved by inflicting intermediate damage which induced regrowth from basally located meristems. In contrast, the topmost branches took over the dominance role of the main stem after minor apical damage (10% clipping). Consequently, the breakage of apical dominance is a necessary precondition of vigorous regrowth in this species. However, compensation in the field gentian is unlikely to be a mere incidental by-product of apical dominance. The ability to regrow from basally located meristems that escape from being damaged by grazing may well be a sign of adaptation to moderate levels of shoot damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011028722860
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meromorphic solutions of some linear functional equations (2000)
    Springer
    Aequationes mathematicae 60 (2000), S. 148-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8903
    Keywords: Keywords. Complex functional equations, meromorphic solutions, Nevanlinna theory.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary. We consider meromorphic solutions in the complex plane to functional equations of the form $ \ssize\sum_{j=0}^na_j(z)f(c^jz) =Q(z) $ , where 0 〈 |c| 〈 1, $ n \in {\Bbb N} $ and $ a_0,\ldots ,a_n,Q $ are meromorphic functions. If the coefficients $ a_0,\ldots ,a_n $ are constants and $ \ssize\sum_{j=0}^na_jc^{jk}\neq 0 $ for all $ k \in {\Bbb Z} $ , then exactly one meromorphic solution exists. In the general case, we give growth estimates for the solutions f as well as for the exponent of convergence $ \lambda (1/f) $ of poles and $ \lambda (f) $ of zeros of f. Similar results hold in the case 1 〈 |c| 〈 + $ \infty $ . Concluding remarks show that the case |c| = 1 is different.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000100050143
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutations in a new gene encoding a protein of the hair bundle cause non-syndromic deafness at the DFNB16 locus (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 29 (2001), S. 345-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Hearing impairment affects about 1 in 1,000 children at birth. Approximately 70 loci implicated in non-syndromic forms of deafness have been reported in humans and 24 causative genes have been identified (see also http://www.uia.ac.be/dnalab/hhh). We report a mouse transcript, isolated by a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng726
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