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  • Articles  (96)
  • Physics  (82)
  • Biology  (14)
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  • Articles  (96)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accurate base and collector current modeling of polysilicon emitter bipolar transistors: Quantification of hole surface recombination velocity (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 2738-2744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present predictive and accurate modeling of base and collector currents in poly-Si emitter bipolar transistors Ref. . Using a standard 0.8 μm bipolar complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology process flow Ref. , numerous experiments are performed. The base and emitter doping profiles are varied intentionally over a wide range in a controlled manner, so as to extract a self-consistent set of apparent band-gap narrowing, minority-carrier mobility, intrinsic concentration parameter, and Auger recombination rate that is valid for simultaneously modeling bipolar transistor base and collector currents. The standard nature of the fabrication process technology chosen for this study allows the results to be more generally applicable. The doping concentrations for physical device simulations are taken directly from secondary-ion-mass spectrometry measurements. These profiles are then verified using spreading resistance measurements and capacitance–voltage measurements. It is shown that the measured base and collector currents for all experiments at room temperature can be fit simultaneously using Klaasen's unified apparent band-gap narrowing and mobility model Ref. . The emitter poly-Si/epi-Si interface (surface) hole recombination velocity is derived as a function of the emitter implant dose (arsenic concentration in the emitter) consistent with the model mentioned above. Sensitivity of the simulation results to model parameters is shown. It is further shown that the emitter implant dose can be used as a bipolar transistor optimization parameter. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361147
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orbit–orbit branching rules between classical simple Lie algebras and maximal reductive subalgebras (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 6570-6581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Complete orbit–orbit branching rules are found for the classical algebra–maximal reductive subalgebra pairs Am+n+1⊃Am⊕An⊕u(1), Bm+1⊃Bm⊕u(1), Cm+1⊃Am⊕u(1), Dm+1⊃Dm⊕u(1), and Dm+1⊃Am⊕u(1). © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.531746
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orbit–orbit branching rules for families of classical Lie algebra–subalgebra pairs (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 37 (1996), S. 4750-4757 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Complete orbit–orbit branching rules are derived for each classical algebra–maximal-subalgebra pair Cm+nCm⊕Cn, Bm+nDm⊕Bn, Dm+nDm⊕Dn. Since each pair is equal rank, and algebra and subalgebra Weyl sectors line up, the integrity basis in each case consists of the subalgebra orbits contained in the fundamental orbits of the algebra. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.531665
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High P"T probes of nuclear collisions
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 538 (1992), S. 37-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0375-9474(92)90756-A
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gaussian effective potential for theФ 4-theory in two dimensions at finite temperature (1992)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 53 (1992), S. 637-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Gaussian effective potential for the ground state of theФ 4-theory in 1+1 dimensions shows a symmetry breaking above a critical coupling constant. The restoration of the symmetry at high temperatures and the role of the renormalization are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01559741
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellobiose and cellulose by a complex enzyme mixture of Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 (1984)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 20 (1984), S. 176-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellobiose and cellulose by the cell-free culture filtrate of Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 was investigated. The concentrations of cellobiose and glucose were measured as a function of time for different initial concentrations of cellobiose. It was not possible to describe these concentration variations by a model which considers only the cellobiase hydrolysis with competitive and noncompetitive substrate and product inhibition; it is necessary that the endo-β-1.4-glucanase with competitive product inhibition is also taken into account. The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose (Avicel) was described with a mathematical model by using the results of the decomposition of cellobiose by the same enzyme mixture. the identified model parameters are presented. A sensitivity analysis of the parameter was carried out also.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253727
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constant dissolved oxygen concentrations in cephalosporin C fermentation: Applicability of different controllers and effect on fermentation parameters (1987)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 27 (1987), S. 247-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The behaviour and applicability of several controllers for maintaining a constant dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) during the cephalosporin C production with Cephalosporium acremonium in a laboratory fermentor is described. The process controllers were realized on a MC 68000 based process computer using the real-time language PEARL. The discrete signum integral controller showed the best control action. In addition some derived fermentation data were calculated on-line by the process computer. The results obtained by comparison of fermentations carried out at DO between 10% and 40% saturation during ideophase indicate that high DO leads to a high specific production rate for cephalosporin C and a low specific production rate for penicillin N and vice versa. In the range of DO investigated the production of deacetyl and deacetoxy cephalosporin C is not affected by DO. A direct correlation between DO and the yield coefficients Y P/S and Y P/X could be established. The yield coefficient Y P/O for cephalosporin C is constant in the DO range from 10%–40%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252926
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth simulation of Hansenula polymorpha (1981)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 13 (1981), S. 90-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Cultivation of Hansenula polymorpha with substrate ethanol in a bench-scale tower loop reactor was simulated by means of a distributed parameter model with regard to the dissolved oxygen and substrate in the medium, oxygen and CO2 in the gas phase, and a lumped parameter model with regard to the cell mass. Space and time independence of the substrate and oxygen limiting constants of the Monod model, KS and KO, was assumed. Time variations of the yield coefficients, YX/S and YX/O, were allowed for.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499694
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth simulation ofHansenula polymorpha (1981)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 13 (1981), S. 145-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Using the model presented in part I, the measured time and spacial variations of process variables were simulated with satisfactory accuracy. Especially the experimentally found minima of the longitudinal dissolved oxygen concentration profiles in the substrate limiting growth range, which are caused by the transition from oxygen transfer limited to substrate limited growth along the tower, can be simulated with great accuracy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00703043
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatio-temporal structure formation and self-diffraction in CdS using laser-induced thermal gratings (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.20Nv ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The semiconductor CdS is well known to show various kinds of photo-thermal and photo-electric optical nonlinearities. We present here to our knowledge first results of spatiotemporal structure formation using laser-induced thermal gratings in CdS. By the means of an optical multi-channel analyzer the spatial resolution of transverse dynamic switching processes was observed directly. Spatially and time resolved self-diffracted signals were measured in the far-field. The experimental results agree very well with calculations obtained by solving the heat-flow equation and using a fast Fourier transformation. The calculations verify the experimental parameters, in particular the thermal diffusivity D≈0.1 cm2/s at room temperature. To obtain a better transverse structuring, CdS samples were also investigated which were fixed on a sapphire substrate for longitudinal heat sinking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324587
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