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  • 1
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    Place cells and place recognition maintained by direct entorhinal-hippocampal circuitry (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-22
    Description: Place cells in hippocampal area CA1 may receive positional information from the intrahippocampal associative network in area CA3 or directly from the entorhinal cortex. To determine whether direct entorhinal connections support spatial firing and spatial memory, we removed all input from areas CA3 to CA1, thus isolating the CA1 area. Pyramidal cells in the isolated CA1 area developed sharp and stable place fields. Rats with an isolated CA1 area showed normal acquisition of an associative hippocampal-dependent spatial recognition task. Spatial recall was impaired. These results suggest that the hippocampus contains two functionally separable memory circuits: The direct entorhinal-CA1 system is sufficient for recollection-based recognition memory, but recall depends on intact CA3-CA1 connectivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brun, Vegard H -- Otnass, Mona K -- Molden, Sturla -- Steffenach, Hill-Aina -- Witter, Menno P -- Moser, May-Britt -- Moser, Edvard I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2243-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroscience Unit, Medical-Technical Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Denervation ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Entorhinal Cortex/*physiology ; Hippocampus/*cytology/*physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Maze Learning ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/physiology ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neural Pathways ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Space Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Hippocampus-independent phase precession in entorhinal grid cells (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-16
    Description: Theta-phase precession in hippocampal place cells is one of the best-studied experimental models of temporal coding in the brain. Theta-phase precession is a change in spike timing in which the place cell fires at progressively earlier phases of the extracellular theta rhythm as the animal crosses the spatially restricted firing field of the neuron. Within individual theta cycles, this phase advance results in a compressed replication of the firing sequence of consecutively activated place cells along the animal's trajectory, at a timescale short enough to enable spike-time-dependent plasticity between neurons in different parts of the sequence. The neuronal circuitry required for phase precession has not yet been established. The fact that phase precession can be seen in hippocampal output stuctures such as the prefrontal cortex suggests either that efferent structures inherit the precession from the hippocampus or that it is generated locally in those structures. Here we show that phase precession is expressed independently of the hippocampus in spatially modulated grid cells in layer II of medial entorhinal cortex, one synapse upstream of the hippocampus. Phase precession is apparent in nearly all principal cells in layer II but only sparsely in layer III. The precession in layer II is not blocked by inactivation of the hippocampus, suggesting that the phase advance is generated in the grid cell network. The results point to possible mechanisms for grid formation and raise the possibility that hippocampal phase precession is inherited from entorhinal cortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hafting, Torkel -- Fyhn, Marianne -- Bonnevie, Tora -- Moser, May-Britt -- Moser, Edvard I -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 26;453(7199):1248-52. doi: 10.1038/nature06957. Epub 2008 May 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for the Biology of Memory, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18480753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Electroencephalography ; Entorhinal Cortex/*cytology/*physiology ; Hippocampus/cytology/physiology ; Male ; Models, Neurological ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Running/physiology ; Theta Rhythm
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Frequency of gamma oscillations routes flow of information in the hippocampus (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-20
    Description: Gamma oscillations are thought to transiently link distributed cell assemblies that are processing related information, a function that is probably important for network processes such as perception, attentional selection and memory. This 'binding' mechanism requires that spatially distributed cells fire together with millisecond range precision; however, it is not clear how such coordinated timing is achieved given that the frequency of gamma oscillations varies substantially across space and time, from approximately 25 to almost 150 Hz. Here we show that gamma oscillations in the CA1 area of the hippocampus split into distinct fast and slow frequency components that differentially couple CA1 to inputs from the medial entorhinal cortex, an area that provides information about the animal's current position, and CA3, a hippocampal subfield essential for storage of such information. Fast gamma oscillations in CA1 were synchronized with fast gamma in medial entorhinal cortex, and slow gamma oscillations in CA1 were coherent with slow gamma in CA3. Significant proportions of cells in medial entorhinal cortex and CA3 were phase-locked to fast and slow CA1 gamma waves, respectively. The two types of gamma occurred at different phases of the CA1 theta rhythm and mostly on different theta cycles. These results point to routeing of information as a possible function of gamma frequency variations in the brain and provide a mechanism for temporal segregation of potentially interfering information from different sources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colgin, Laura Lee -- Denninger, Tobias -- Fyhn, Marianne -- Hafting, Torkel -- Bonnevie, Tora -- Jensen, Ole -- Moser, May-Britt -- Moser, Edvard I -- England -- Nature. 2009 Nov 19;462(7271):353-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08573.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for the Biology of Memory, MTFS, Olav Kyrres gate 9, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway. laura.colgin@ntnu.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19924214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Male ; Neural Pathways/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Synaptic Transmission/physiology ; *Theta Rhythm
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Conjunctive representation of position, direction, and velocity in entorhinal cortex (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-06
    Description: Grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) are part of an environment-independent spatial coordinate system. To determine how information about location, direction, and distance is integrated in the grid-cell network, we recorded from each principal cell layer of MEC in rats that explored two-dimensional environments. Whereas layer II was predominated by grid cells, grid cells colocalized with head-direction cells and conjunctive grid x head-direction cells in the deeper layers. All cell types were modulated by running speed. The conjunction of positional, directional, and translational information in a single MEC cell type may enable grid coordinates to be updated during self-motion-based navigation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sargolini, Francesca -- Fyhn, Marianne -- Hafting, Torkel -- McNaughton, Bruce L -- Witter, Menno P -- Moser, May-Britt -- Moser, Edvard I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):758-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for the Biology of Memory, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16675704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Electrophysiology ; Entorhinal Cortex/*cytology/*physiology ; Exploratory Behavior ; Locomotion ; Male ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; *Orientation ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; *Space Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Optogenetic dissection of entorhinal-hippocampal functional connectivity (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-06
    Description: We used a combined optogenetic-electrophysiological strategy to determine the functional identity of entorhinal cells with output to the place-cell population in the hippocampus. Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) was expressed selectively in the hippocampus-targeting subset of entorhinal projection neurons by infusing retrogradely transportable ChR2-coding recombinant adeno-associated virus in the hippocampus. Virally transduced ChR2-expressing cells were identified in medial entorhinal cortex as cells that fired at fixed minimal latencies in response to local flashes of light. A large number of responsive cells were grid cells, but short-latency firing was also induced in border cells and head-direction cells, as well as cells with irregular or nonspatial firing correlates, which suggests that place fields may be generated by convergence of signals from a broad spectrum of entorhinal functional cell types.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Sheng-Jia -- Ye, Jing -- Miao, Chenglin -- Tsao, Albert -- Cerniauskas, Ignas -- Ledergerber, Debora -- Moser, May-Britt -- Moser, Edvard I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 5;340(6128):1232627. doi: 10.1126/science.1232627.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres gate 9, Norwegian Brain Centre, 7491 Trondheim, Norway. sheng-jia.zhang@ntnu.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23559255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/cytology/physiology ; *Cell Communication ; Dependovirus ; Entorhinal Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Gene Targeting ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Rats ; Rhodopsin/biosynthesis/genetics ; Transduction, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Distinct ensemble codes in hippocampal areas CA3 and CA1 (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-24
    Description: The hippocampus has differentiated into an extensively connected recurrent stage (CA3) followed by a feed-forward stage (CA1). We examined the function of this structural differentiation by determining how cell ensembles in rat CA3 and CA1 generate representations of rooms with common spatial elements. In CA3, distinct subsets of pyramidal cells were activated in each room, regardless of the similarity of the testing enclosure. In CA1, the activated populations overlapped, and the overlap increased in similar enclosures. After exposure to a novel room, ensemble activity developed slower in CA3 than CA1, suggesting that the representations emerged independently.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leutgeb, Stefan -- Leutgeb, Jill K -- Treves, Alessandro -- Moser, May-Britt -- Moser, Edvard I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 27;305(5688):1295-8. Epub 2004 Jul 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for the Biology of Memory, Medical-Technical Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15272123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cues ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Entorhinal Cortex/physiology ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; Male ; *Memory ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; *Space Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Independent codes for spatial and episodic memory in hippocampal neuronal ensembles (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2005-07-26
    Description: Hippocampal neurons were recorded under conditions in which the recording chamber was varied but its location remained unchanged versus conditions in which an identical chamber was encountered in different places. Two forms of neuronal pattern separation occurred. In the variable cue-constant place condition, the firing rates of active cells varied, often over more than an order of magnitude, whereas the location of firing remained constant. In the variable place-constant cue condition, both location and rates changed, so that population vectors for a given location in the chamber were statistically independent. These independent encoding schemes may enable simultaneous representation of spatial and episodic memory information.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leutgeb, Stefan -- Leutgeb, Jill K -- Barnes, Carol A -- Moser, Edvard I -- McNaughton, Bruce L -- Moser, May-Britt -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):619-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for the Biology of Memory, Medical-Technical Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cues ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Electrophysiology ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Orientation/*physiology ; Perception/physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Space Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Spatial representation in the entorhinal cortex (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-08-31
    Description: As the interface between hippocampus and neocortex, the entorhinal cortex is likely to play a pivotal role in memory. To determine how information is represented in this area, we measured spatial modulation of neural activity in layers of medial entorhinal cortex projecting to the hippocampus. Close to the postrhinal-entorhinal border, entorhinal neurons had stable and discrete multipeaked place fields, predicting the rat's location as accurately as place cells in the hippocampus. Precise positional modulation was not observed more ventromedially in the entorhinal cortex or upstream in the postrhinal cortex, suggesting that sensory input is transformed into durable allocentric spatial representations internally in the dorsocaudal medial entorhinal cortex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fyhn, Marianne -- Molden, Sturla -- Witter, Menno P -- Moser, Edvard I -- Moser, May-Britt -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 27;305(5688):1258-64.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for the Biology of Memory, Medical-Technical Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15333832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Entorhinal Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Male ; *Memory ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; *Space Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Impaired spatial learning after saturation of long-term potentiation (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-25
    Description: If information is stored as activity-driven increases in synaptic weights in the hippocampal formation, saturation of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) should impair learning. Here, rats in which one hippocampus had been lesioned were implanted with a multielectrode stimulating array across and into the angular bundle afferent to the other hippocampus. Repeated cross-bundle tetanization caused cumulative potentiation. Residual synaptic plasticity was assessed by tetanizing a naive test electrode in the center of the bundle. Spatial learning was disrupted in animals with no residual LTP (〈10 percent) but not in animals that were capable of further potentiation. Thus, saturation of hippocampal LTP impairs spatial learning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moser, E I -- Krobert, K A -- Moser, M B -- Morris, R G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 25;281(5385):2038-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9748165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dentate Gyrus/physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Evoked Potentials ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Long-Term Potentiation/*physiology ; Male ; Maze Learning/*physiology ; Perforant Pathway ; Rats ; Synapses/physiology ; Tetany
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    The entorhinal grid map is discretized (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-12-12
    Description: The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) is part of the brain's circuit for dynamic representation of self-location. The metric of this representation is provided by grid cells, cells with spatial firing fields that tile environments in a periodic hexagonal pattern. Limited anatomical sampling has obscured whether the grid system operates as a unified system or a conglomerate of independent modules. Here we show with recordings from up to 186 grid cells in individual rats that grid cells cluster into a small number of layer-spanning anatomically overlapping modules with distinct scale, orientation, asymmetry and theta-frequency modulation. These modules can respond independently to changes in the geometry of the environment. The discrete topography of the grid-map, and the apparent autonomy of the modules, differ from the graded topography of maps for continuous variables in several sensory systems, raising the possibility that the modularity of the grid map is a product of local self-organizing network dynamics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stensola, Hanne -- Stensola, Tor -- Solstad, Trygve -- Froland, Kristian -- Moser, May-Britt -- Moser, Edvard I -- England -- Nature. 2012 Dec 6;492(7427):72-8. doi: 10.1038/nature11649.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for the Biology of Memory, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway. hanne.stensola@ntnu.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23222610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Entorhinal Cortex/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Environment ; Male ; *Models, Neurological ; Orientation ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Theta Rhythm/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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