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  • Pollution  (34)
  • Organic Chemistry
  • 1
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    Determination of oil pollutant (water, sediment and fish) in the southern part of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25440 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:55:22 | 25440 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted to determine 16 Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (16 PAHs) concentrations in water (during four seasons) and surface sediments (during summer and winter) at eight transects (Astara, Anzali, Sefidroud, Tonekabon, Nowshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Turkman) in the southern of Caspian Sea in 20102011. 94 samples of water and 45 samples of surface sediments were collected at 10, 50 and 100 meters depths. In addition, 28 samples of fish (Cyprinus Carpio) were collected during winter and spring. All samples were prepared by Soxhlet and extracting processes and then determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) instrument. Results of current study showed that mean concentration and standard error (±SE) of 16PAHs water were observed 232 (±77), 1268 (±808), 538 (±190) and 151 (±53) µg/l in spring, summer, fall and winter, respectively. In addition, annual mean contents and standard error (±SE) of 16PAHs water were registered 24.10 (±8.12) µg/l. The Hazard Quotation (HQs) were calculated more than unit and belong to Benzo(a)pyrene and Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene compounds. Mean concentration and standard error (±SE) of 16PAHs sediment were observed 0.77 (±0.23) and 1.21 (±0.64) µg/g.dw in summer and winter, respectively. Also, the annual mean contents and standard error (±SE) of surface sediments were observed 0.93 (±0.33) µg/g.dw. The Hazard Quotation (HQs) were calculated more than unit and belong to Fluoranthene, Benzo(a)anthracene, Chryseneand Benzo(a)pyrene. The annual mean contents and standard error (±SE) of edible tissue of Cyprinus Carpio mussels were observed 2.21 (±0.42) µg/g.dw. Annually, pattern of 16PAH compounds were obtained 10, 70, 12 and 8% for 3,4,5, and 6 rings, respectively. Four ring compounds had high content and percentage and 2 ring was not observed in all samples of water. Also, pattern of 16PAH in surface sediments were obtained 31, 56 and 14% for 3, 4, and 5 rings, respectively. Four ring compounds had high content and percentage and 2 and 6 rings were not observed in all samples of surface sediments during two seasons. Result of Diagnostic Ratios analysis (DRs) of sediments showed that the source of oil compounds were petrogenic and pyrogenic in summer and winter, respectively. Based on DRs in water and sediments were observed oil compounds were either petrogenic or pyrogenic with different percentage in the southern Caspian Sea. In conclusion, the results revealed that in the some transects the 16PAHs concentrations of water were above the threshold levels and more petrogenic (85%) sources which represented polluted condition in this area. 16PAHs concentrations of sediments were below the threshold levels and conditions for this region were showed unpolluted. Also, the Caspian Sea sediments were classified in Class 2 (Fair). According to results of the evaluation’s risks to human health associated with consumption of the mussels containing 16PAHs suggest that there is risk for humans.
    Keywords: Pollution ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Astara ; Anzali ; Tonekabon ; Nowshahr ; Babolsar ; Sefidroud River ; Oil pollutions ; Water ; Sediments ; Fish ; Cyprinus carpio ; Samples ; Polyaromatic ; Hydrocarbons
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 78
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    Conservation and restoration of Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) stocks in the southern Caspian (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25617 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:24:05 | 25617 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The project is funded by the CASPECO Project which is the Third Phase of the GEF supported project in the Caspian Sea region titled “The Caspian Sea: Restoring Depleted Fisheries and Consolidation of a Permanent Regional Environmental Governance Framework”, and implemented by the Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO) in partnership with four Coastal Research Centers affiliated to IFRO, Coldwater Fishes Research Centre (CFRC).The project's objective is to improve the conservation and restoration of Caspian Salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) stocks. In accordance with IUCN criteria Caspian Salmon is placed in the red list of endangered fish. In the recent decades the destruction of habitats for juveniles, reduction of genetic diversity and fish immune system were main causes of the Caspian salmon decline. Numbers of public meetings were held with participation of fishing communities’ representatives, experts, relevant local authorities and experts of the IFRO and Iranian Fisheries Organization (IFO), Iran Environment Protection Organization (IEPO), Water Resource Management (Ministry of Energy) and University senior professors, in order to create interaction and understanding of the project objectives. Educational awareness and extension program were conducted with the involvement of fisheries communities, private sector and NGO associations. The results of the project suggests that cross-sectoral coordination for sustainable fisheries can be achieved through building partnerships and enhancing communication between the environment, private, fisheries sectors and academia. Cross-sectoral cooperation through this project improved public awareness on growing risks facing Caspian Salmon from different sources including local sources (illegal fishing and over-fishing, urban wastewater, environment destruction, industrial pollutants, pollution of air and water resources), new emerging and invasive organisms, climate change, implications of the Caspian salmon population decline on economic and social affairs of the people who depend on them for their livelihood and food security and their role in fish stock protection. The project, through its capacity building, extension and educational programs and efforts to link science to management, could translate scientific findings into an action agenda for managers and policy makers that can bring an improvement in the future of the Caspian Sea salmon stock.
    Keywords: Management ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Conservation ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Caspian salmon ; Fisheries ; IFRO ; Juvenile ; Genetic diversity ; Immune system ; Illegal fishing ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 194
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  • 3
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    The feasibility of creating a natural habitat for spawning, bony fish in the Caspian Sea in order to preserve biodiversity and genetic risk (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25687 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 10:51:13 | 25687 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of natural reproduction of indanger fish in the southern Caspian Sea in Tajan, Haraz,Sardabrood and Chalos rivers, and identify suitable habitats for this species in the study area as a genetic reserve.Sampling of physical and chemical parameters of water, macrobenthic invertebrates and fish fauna was conducted seasonaly in each rivers at selected stations from febrary 2010 during one year. Macrobenthic invertebrate sampling were used bySorber sampler and fish was collected by gill net and electroshocker set with a voltage of 1.7 A and 100-300 V. A total of 53 taxa of macrobenticinvertabrateshave been identified in the four mentioned rivers, in which Tajanriverconsisted of 47 taxa with highest richness.20 species of fish were determined in the studied rivers that 6 of them were non-native species.The results showed that the predominant identified fish species were native in the river. The fish species diversity increases as one moves from the headstream towards the estuaries of the two studied Sardabrud and Chalus rivers.The results of this study showed that the relative abundance of fish species resistant to pollution and hard environmental conditions were much more that sensitive species. physicochemical parameters of water such as; water temperature, DO, BOD5, pH, TSS, TDS, EC, turbidity, nutrients, biodiversity index such as Shanon index, EPT, HFBI, EPT/CHIR, nutrition functioning group and present or absent of fish species showed that there are significant decrease in water qualities from upstraem ratio to down stream (For example, in Tajan river water turbidity varied from 0 at station 1 to 333 NTU at station 6, Which is strongly influenced by sand workshops. As well as the activities of a significant impact of fish farming workshop on the Haraz river water quality). The minimum of HFBI index was 2.84 at station 1 and the maximum was recorded at station 5 with 6.01, and there is not any possibility to natural reproduction of migrated species that are dominant and indanger at downstream. Conditions for natural reproduction of this species in the rivers of srdabrood and Chalus there is to some. In Shahid- Rajaei dam the maximum relative abundance of fish species belonged to Capoeta capoeta, Luciobarbus capito and Squalius cephalus, respectively. These species have different age, length and weight stuctures at Shahid- Rajaei dam inhabitant, and the resourval of this dam and it,s upstream have been preparing auch a favorabile condition that seems there are potentioal of introductionand inhabitant of some of the Migratory and indanger fish species such as Barbels, Sturgeon, Alburnus chalcoides and etc. as genetic reserve for biodiversity preservation.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Tajan ; Chalos rivers ; Haraz ; Sardabrood ; Inhabitant ; Pollution ; Rehabilitation ; Indanger fish species ; Alburnus chalcoides ; Squalius cephalus ; Luciobarbus capito ; Capoeta capoeta
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 70
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    The feasibility of creating a natural habitat for spawning, bony fish in the Caspian Sea in order to preserve biodiversity and genetic risk (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of natural reproduction of indanger fish in the southern Caspian Sea in Tajan, Haraz,Sardabrood and Chalos rivers, and identify suitable habitats for this species in the study area as a genetic reserve.Sampling of physical and chemical parameters of water, macrobenthic invertebrates and fish fauna was conducted seasonaly in each rivers at selected stations from febrary 2010 during one year. Macrobenthic invertebrate sampling were used bySorber sampler and fish was collected by gill net and electroshocker set with a voltage of 1.7 A and 100-300 V. A total of 53 taxa of macrobenticinvertabrateshave been identified in the four mentioned rivers, in which Tajanriverconsisted of 47 taxa with highest richness.20 species of fish were determined in the studied rivers that 6 of them were non-native species.The results showed that the predominant identified fish species were native in the river. The fish species diversity increases as one moves from the headstream towards the estuaries of the two studied Sardabrud and Chalus rivers.The results of this study showed that the relative abundance of fish species resistant to pollution and hard environmental conditions were much more that sensitive species. physicochemical parameters of water such as; water temperature, DO, BOD5, pH, TSS, TDS, EC, turbidity, nutrients, biodiversity index such as Shanon index, EPT, HFBI, EPT/CHIR, nutrition functioning group and present or absent of fish species showed that there are significant decrease in water qualities from upstraem ratio to down stream (For example, in Tajan river water turbidity varied from 0 at station 1 to 333 NTU at station 6, Which is strongly influenced by sand workshops. As well as the activities of a significant impact of fish farming workshop on the Haraz river water quality). The minimum of HFBI index was 2.84 at station 1 and the maximum was recorded at station 5 with 6.01, and there is not any possibility to natural reproduction of migrated species that are dominant and indanger at downstream. Conditions for natural reproduction of this species in the rivers of srdabrood and Chalus there is to some. In Shahid- Rajaei dam the maximum relative abundance of fish species belonged to Capoeta capoeta, Luciobarbus capito and Squalius cephalus, respectively. These species have different age, length and weight stuctures at Shahid- Rajaei dam inhabitant, and the resourval of this dam and it,s upstream have been preparing auch a favorabile condition that seems there are potentioal of introductionand inhabitant of some of the Migratory and indanger fish species such as Barbels, Sturgeon, Alburnus chalcoides and etc. as genetic reserve for biodiversity preservation.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Inhabitant ; Pollution ; Rehabilitation ; Indanger fish species ; Alburnus chalcoides ; Squalius cephalus ; Luciobarbus capito ; Capoeta capoeta
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 70pp.
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  • 5
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    Conservation and restoration of Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) stocks in the southern Caspian (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The project is funded by the CASPECO Project which is the Third Phase of the GEF supported project in the Caspian Sea region titled “The Caspian Sea: Restoring Depleted Fisheries and Consolidation of a Permanent Regional Environmental Governance Framework” , and implemented by the Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO) in partnership with four Coastal Research Centers affiliated to IFRO, Coldwater Fishes Research Centre (CFRC).The project's objective is to improve the conservation and restoration of Caspian Salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) stocks. In accordance with IUCN criteria Caspian Salmon is placed in the red list of endangered fish. In the recent decades the destruction of habitats for juveniles, reduction of genetic diversity and fish immune system were main causes of the Caspian salmon decline. Numbers of public meetings were held with participation of fishing communities’ representatives, experts, relevant local authorities and experts of the IFRO and Iranian Fisheries Organization (IFO), Iran Environment Protection Organization (IEPO), Water Resource Management (Ministry of Energy) and University senior professors, in order to create interaction and understanding of the project objectives. Educational awareness and extension program were conducted with the involvement of fisheries communities, private sector and NGO associations. The results of the project suggests that cross-sectoral coordination for sustainable fisheries can be achieved through building partnerships and enhancing communication between the environment, private , fisheries sectors and academia. Cross-sectoral cooperation through this project improved public awareness on growing risks facing Caspian Salmon from different sources including local sources (illegal fishing and over-fishing, urban wastewater, environment destruction, industrial pollutants, pollution of air and water resources), new emerging and invasive organisms, climate change, implications of the Caspian salmon population decline on economic and social affairs of the people who depend on them for their livelihood and food security and their role in fish stock protection. The project, through its capacity building, extension and educational programs and efforts to link science to management, could translate scientific findings into an action agenda for managers and policy makers that can bring an improvement in the future of the Caspian Sea salmon stock.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Environmental ; Conservation ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Caspian salmon ; Fisheries ; IFRO ; Juvenile ; Genetic diversity ; Immune system ; Illegal fishing ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 194pp.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodegradation of natural substances: Photooxygenation and Ozonolysis of 4-methoxy-7-methyl-5 H-furo [3,2-g][1]benzopyran-5-one (Visnagin) (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 335 (1993), S. 225-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photooxygenation of 4-methoxy-7-methyl-5 H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-5-one (Visnagin, 1) in methanol in absence and in presence of a sensitizer (methylene blue) has been studied, 6-Formyl-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methylchromone (4a), methyl 7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methylchromone-6-carboxylate (4b) and 7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methylchromone-6-carboxylic acid (4c) could be isolated and identified in each case. The formation can be interpreted in terms of intermediate production of a 1.2-dioxetane like 2.A comparative study on the ozonolysis of Visnagin (1) in ethyl acetate both in absence and in presence of dimethyl sulfide, was also undertaken. Ozone attacks 1 either at the furan ring (to give 4a, c) or at both the furan and γ-pyrone site (to afford 10). Possible reaction mechanisms are considered and the structures of the new products are based upon compatible and spectroscopic evidences.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19933350303
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetric hydrosilylation of prochiral ketones in the presence of N-benzyl-N-methylephedrinium halometallates (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 1 (1987), S. 435-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Asymmetric hydrosilylation ; bis(N-benzyl-N-methylephedrinium) hexachloroplatinate(IV) ; N-benzyl-N-methylephedrinium bromotrichlororhodate(III) ; ( - )-bis(N-benzyl-N-methylephedrinium) dibromodichlorozincate(II) ; chiral synthesis, enantioselectivity ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-benzyl-N-methylephedrinium hexachloroplatinate(IV), bromotrichlororhodate(III), and dibromodichlorozincate(II) have been synthesized by reacting ( - )-N-benzyl-N-methylephedrinium bromide with K2PtCl6, RhCl3 · 4H2O and ZnCl2, respectively. The above halometallates have been found to catalyse the asymmetric hydrosilylation of acetophenone and 3-acetylpyridine with diphenylsilane. The hydrosilylation of 3-acetylpyridine in the presence of ( - )-N-benzyl-N-methylephedrinium zincate followed by silyl ether hydrolysis gives 1-(3-pyridyl)ethanol in ca 50% optical yield.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590010508
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical behaviour of some organotin(IV) compounds by rotating disc voltammetry in non-aqueous solvents (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 4 (1990), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin determination ; rotating disc voltammetry ; dimethylformamide ; acetonitrile ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electrochemical behaviour of three series of organotin(IV) compounds having the general formula RySnX4-y (R = Me, nBu or Ph, y = 2 or 3, X = Cl; R = Me or Ph, y = 3, X = NO3, N3, NCS, NCO, OAc or OH) have been examined in the non-aqueous solvents dimethylformamide and acetonitrile, at rotating disc electrodes of glassy carbon and gold electrodes. The reduction of tin(IV) in the above series gave a single wave and obeyed the Levich plots at both electrodes in the two solvents. The electrode kinetic parameters and halfwave potentials have been determined, and the effect of solvents and substituents on these parameters have been explored.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590040208
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of 5-(p-n-alkoxy)phenyl-2-(p-n-octyloxy)benzylideneamino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 337 (1995), S. 325-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19953370168
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese und dielektrische Eigenschaften kristallin-flüssiger alkyliminomethyl-substituierter Benzoesäurephenylester (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 323 (1981), S. 599-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Dielectric Properties of Liquid Crystalline Alkyliminomethyl-Substituted PhenylbenzoatesThe synthesis of 4-n-alkyliminomethyl-phenyl-4′-n-alkoxybenzoates and their mesomorphic properties are described. We have investigated the dielectric constants and the relaxation frequencies (MHz-region) of the nematic and smectic A phases.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19813230411
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