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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on poly(vinyl chloride). III. Effects of metal oxides upon thermal decomposition of poly(vinyl chloride) (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 2427-2433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermal decomposition mechanisms of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and the effects of a few metal oxides on the pyrolysis of PVC were previously reported. In the present work, 33 metal oxides were investigated to determine their effects on the thermal decomposition of PVC, by using a pyrolysis gas chromatograph. Most acidic oxides accelerate the recombination of chlorine atoms with double bonds, since PVC containing these metal oxides easily release lower aliphatics, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and chlorobenzenes. On the other hand, most basic metal oxides, such as oxides of alkaline earths or silver, inhibit the recombination. These tendencies observed in the thermal decomposition of PVC agree with the contributions of corresponding metal salts to the dehydrochlorination of PVC proposed by other workers. This means that thermal decomposition or dehydrochlorination of PVC is affected by irregularities in head-to-tail linkages formed by the recombination of chlorine atoms during heat treatment of PVC.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170151012
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on poly(vinyl chloride). IV. Effects of metal chlorides on the thermal decomposition of poly(vinyl chloride) (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 2435-2440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of various metal oxides upon the thermal decomposition of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were previously reported. In this work, 23 metal chlorides were investigated to determine their effects on the thermal decomposition of PVC by pyrolysis-gas chromatography at 500°C. Each metal chloride exhibits influences on the course of thermal decomposition of PVC almost similar to the corresponding metal oxide except for a few elements; the metal chlorides from acidic metal oxides accelerate the thermal decomposition of PVC, but the metal chlorides from basic metal oxides do not. On comparing the effects of metal oxides and metal chlorides on the thermal decomposition of PVC, most metal chlorides were found to accelerate the thermal decomposition of PVC more than the corresponding metal oxides, owing to ease of addition of the chlorine atoms released from metal chloride to the dehydrochlorinated chains. It is concluded from these results that the thermal decomposition of PVC containing metal salts is markedly influenced by the ease with which chlorine atoms are released from the corresponding metal chloride.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170151013
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-molecular-weight polyterephthalamide by direct polycondensation reaction in the presence of poly(ethylene oxide) (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1099-1104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyterephthalamides of high molecular weight (ηinh up to 1.9) were obtained by the direct polycondensation reaction of terephthalic acid and aromatic diamines in the presence of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with triphenyl phosphite in a N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP)-pyridine solution that contained lithium chloride. The molecular weights of the polymers produced varied with the amount and molecular weight of PEO, which showed maximum values when PEO with a molecular weight of 2.0 × 104-5.0 × 105 was used in a concentration of about 0.5 wt % in the solvent. The polycondensation reaction was significantly affected by the level of pyridine in a mixed solvent of NMP and pyridine and by the concentration of the lithium chloride added.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180328
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of wholly aromatic polyesters by the direct polycondensation reaction of hydroxybenzoic acids with trivalent phosphorus compounds (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 2879-2882 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180912
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on poly(vinyl chloride). I. Evolution of aromatics on pyrolysis of poly(vinyl chloride) and its mechanism (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 737-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) alone or mixed with 10 wt-% and 50 wt-% TiO2, SnO2, ZnO, and Al2O3 were pyrolyzed by using a pyrolysis gas chromatograph. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, styrene, naphthalene, and various chlorobenzenes were identified. No hydrocarbons could be detected in pyrolysis products of any samples at 200°C. More aromatic hydrocarbons than aliphatic hydrocarbons are released from the PVC-TiO2 system and in preheated PVC. The contrary result is observed in the PVC-ZnO and PVC-SnO2 systems. Aromatics having methyl endgroups are easily released from the PVC-ZnO and PVC-SnO2 systems and at elevated pyrolysis temperature, because methylene groups are easily isolated along the chain by ZnO, SnO2 and the heating. The release of ethylbenzene o-xylene, and chlorobenzenes suggests a repeated dehydrochlorination and recombination of HCl and Cl2 to double bonds along the chain. Possible decomposition mechanisms of PVC are discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.170120404
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on poly(vinyl chloride). II. Pyrolysis of chlorinated polybutadienes as model compounds for poly(vinyl chloride) (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 13 (1975), S. 1381-1392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pyrolysis of chlorinated polybutadienes (CPB) was investigated by using a pyrolysis gas chromatograph. CPB corresponds to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) constructed with head-head and tail-tail linkages of the vinyl chloride unit. Benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, o-xylene, styrene, vinyltoluene, chlorobenzenes, naphthalene, and methylnaphthalenes were detected in the pyrolysis products from CPB above 300°C, and no hydrocarbons could be detected at 200°C. The pyrolysis products from CPB were similar to those from PVC and new products could not be detected. Lower aliphatics, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, chlorobenzenes, and methylnaphthalenes were released more easily from pyrolysis of CPB than from PVC; amounts of benzene, styrene, and naphthalene formed were small. These results support the conclusion that recombination of chlorine atoms with the double bonds in the polyene chain takes place and that scission of the main chain may depend on the location of methylene groups isolated along the polyene chain during the thermal decomposition of PVC.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.170130610
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electric conductivity of TCNQ salts of ionene polymers containing triethylenediammonium or 4,4′-bipyridilium ring (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 561-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ionene polymers were prepared by the Menshutkin reaction of α,ω-dibromoalkane (n) with triethylenediamine (TDA) or 4,4′-bipyridil (BP). Resistivities (p) and activation energies of conduction (Ea) were measured for the polymeric 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethan (TCNQ) salts with these ionenes. The correlation between the chemical structure of the ionenes and the conductivity was discussed. In the TDA,n-TCNQ complex salts and the BP,n-TCNQ simple salts the salts of the ionenes containing even numbers of CH2 groups showed higher conductivities than those of the ionenes containing odd numbers of CH2 groups. The conductivities determined by the narrower interval between the N+ cations of the main chains were measured in the simple salts. In the complex salts the conductivities determined by the larger interval were measured. The conformational change of the matrix ionenes affected the arrangement of the TCNQ molecules. The values of p were 79.7 and 12.5 Ω cm, and the values of Ea were 0.122 and 0.063 eV for TDA,4-TCNQ complex salt and BP,5-TCNQ complex salt, respectively.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170170225
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wholly aromatic polyamides by the direct polycondensation reaction using triphenyl phosphite in the presence of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 851-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polycondensation reaction of aromatic dicarboxylic acids and diamines by using triphenyl phosphite were carried out in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) in the presence of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP). The reaction, especially of terephthalic acid (TPA), was markedly facilitated to give the absence of P4VP. The reaction promoted by P4VP was further favored by the addition of various pyridine derivatives; of the pyridines examined, pyridine was most effective, giving the best results at a high level (pyridine/P4VP values up to 26). P4VP of the molecular weight in the range of 1.3 × 104-3.0 × 105 did not affect the viscosity of the resulting polymer. These favorable additive effects of P4VP on the reaction of TPA were not observed in the reactions of isophthalic acid, and m -and p-aminobenzoic acids.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180306
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of polyamides by a new direct polycondensation reaction using triphenyl phosphite and lithium chloride (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1711-1717 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal salts such as lithium chloride were found to facilitate significantly the reaction of carboxylic acids and amines promoted by triphenyl phosphite, and the reaction was applied successfully to the direct polycondensation reaction of dicarboxylic acids and diamines and of p-aminobenzoic acid. Among metal salts tested, lithium chloride was most effective to the reaction; the chloride was involved catalytically in the reaction, its addition of about twice equivalent to triphenyl phosphite giving the most favorable results. Triphenyl phosphite was most effective, whereas diphenyl phosphite was less effective, and alkyl esters gave no polymers. The reaction was also markedly affected by solvents, the most favorable results being given in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). Various polyamides of high molecular weight were obtained in quantitative yield.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180606
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solution behavior of [(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)-g-ethylene oxide] graft copolymers (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 17 (1979), S. 645-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The solution behavior of hydrophobic-hydrophilic water-soluble graft copolymers consisting of poly[(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)-g-ethylene oxide] was investigated by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy and measurements of solution viscosity in tetrahydrofuran, water, and mixtures thereof at various temperatures. A graft copolymer with a backbone containing 2.7 mole% vinyl alcohol exists in an intramolecular phase-separated conformation in aqueous solution, independent of the temperature. Graft copolymers with backbones containing 20.3 mol% vinyl alcohol exhibit an intramolecular mixed-phase conformation in which the mobility of chains in the hydrophobic region depends on temperature. The temperature dependence of the intrinsic viscosity in water shows a maximum near 50°C.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.180170407
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