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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanochemical polymerization in mixtures of diallyl terephthalate and distilled water by ultrasonic irradiation (1991)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 25 (1991), S. 571-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Mechanochemical polymerization in systems of diallyl terephthalate-distilled water has been studied by ultrasonic irradiation at 90°C. An additional effect of distilled water on mechanochemical polymerization of diallyl terephthalate was investigated. When a 1.2 wt % distilled water solution, the conversion of poly(diallyl terephthalate) was the greatest and the initial rate of the polymerization R p was 1.3x10-5 mol/l sec. This polymerization proceeded by a radical mechanism and the primary radicals produced from water molecules by ultrasonic waves. In addition, changes in the iodine value and the weight-average molecular weight of the resulting polymers were proved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293516
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and evaluation of oligopeptide RGDS exhibiting cell-attachment activity (1991)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 26 (1991), S. 363-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Tetrapeptide Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS), an amino acid sequence existing in the cell-attachment domain of fibronectin, was synthesized using improved solid-phase procedure. Cell-attachment activity of the RGDS toward L-929 fibroblast cells originating in mouse epithelia was examined by measuring (a) the number of cells attached onto RGDS-immobilized polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film, and (b) the % inhibition of cell-attachment onto polystyrene substrate from suspension of the cells in the presence of RGDS molecules. It was found that (a) a number of cells attached to the RGDS-immobilized PVA films, and (b) RGDS molecules remarkably attached to the cells, and as a result, RGDS inhibited the cells to adhere onto the substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302601
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanochemical block copolymerization of poly(vinyl chloride) with methyl methacrylate by ultrasonic irradiation (1990)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 23 (1990), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Mechanical degradation and mechanochemical block copolymerization in systems of poly(vinyl chloride)-methyl methacrylate-solvents have been studied by ultrasonic irradiation at 60°C. The effect of the concentrations of poly(vinyl chloride) on mechanical degradation was investigated. In addition, the effects of poly(vinyl chloride) and methyl methacrylate concentrations on mechanochemical block copolymerization were investigated. The rate equation for mechanochemical block copolymerization has been deduced, and the experimental results were in fairly good agreement with the equation. The changes in the composition of the block copolymer and homopolymers in the reaction products were followed by turbidimetric titration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00983960
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Geotrichum candidum lipase III with some preference for the inside ester bond of triglyceride (1993)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 40 (1993), S. 279-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A new form of Geotrichum candidum lipase with a unique positional specificity was found to exist in the culture broth as a minor component together with the well-documented major form. Unlike the major form, which cleaves both the inside and outside ester bonds of triglyceride indiscriminately, the newly isolated form showed some preference for the inside (2-position) ester bond. The new enzyme was also characterized by its own fatty acid specificity, i.e., an outstandingly high activity towards triolein and methyl oleate among the simple triglycerides and fatty acid methyl esters tested. Moreover, the enzyme possesed a specific activity three times as high as the major form. Notable difference in circular dichroism spectra were observed between the two forms, indicating distinct conformational differences. Edman degradation revealed that the N-terminal sequence of the new form differed from that of the major form, thus demonstrating the existence of a novel lipase gene on the chromosome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170381
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and Some Reactions of Selenium and Tellurium Bis(dithiocarboxylates) (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 1696-1708 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Darstellung und einige Reaktionen von Selen- und Tellur-bis(dithiocarboxylaten)Durch Umsetzung von Piperidinium- oder Natrium-dithiocarboxylaten 1 mit Natrium-seleno-oder -telluropentathionaten wurden die Selen- 2 und Tellur-bis(dithiocarboxylate) 3 dargestellt. Die orangefarbenen oder roten Kristalle sind thermisch stabil und nicht feuchtigkeitsempfindlich. Durch Umsetzung von 2 oder 3 mit Halogenen oder N-Chlor- oder N-Bromsuccinimid wurden Haloselen- 4, 5 und Halotellur-dithiocarboxylate 6-8 mit guten Ausbeuten erhalten. Die n →πast;-Übergänge der Thiocarbonylgruppen in 2-8 treten bei kleineren Wellenlängen auf (hypsochrome Verschiebung) als die der entsprechenden Bis(thioacyl)-trisulfide sowie Dithio- und Thionselenolester.
    Notes: A number of selenium- 2 and tellurium bis(dithiocarboxylates) 3 have been prepared by the reaction of piperidinium or sodium dithiocarboxylates 1 with sodium seleno- and telluropentathionates. The orange or red products are stable towards heat and moisture. It was found that 2 and 3 react with halogens and N-chloro- and N-bromosuccinimide to give the corresponding haloselenium- 4, 5 and halotellurium dithiocarboxylates 6-8 in good yields. The n →π* transitions of the thiocarbonyl groups in 2-8 are observed in a region of shorter wavelengths (hypsochromic shift) than those of the corresponding bis(thioacyl) trisulfides and dithio- and thioneselenol esters.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19851180435
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on poly(vinyl chloride). III. Effects of metal oxides upon thermal decomposition of poly(vinyl chloride) (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 2427-2433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermal decomposition mechanisms of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and the effects of a few metal oxides on the pyrolysis of PVC were previously reported. In the present work, 33 metal oxides were investigated to determine their effects on the thermal decomposition of PVC, by using a pyrolysis gas chromatograph. Most acidic oxides accelerate the recombination of chlorine atoms with double bonds, since PVC containing these metal oxides easily release lower aliphatics, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and chlorobenzenes. On the other hand, most basic metal oxides, such as oxides of alkaline earths or silver, inhibit the recombination. These tendencies observed in the thermal decomposition of PVC agree with the contributions of corresponding metal salts to the dehydrochlorination of PVC proposed by other workers. This means that thermal decomposition or dehydrochlorination of PVC is affected by irregularities in head-to-tail linkages formed by the recombination of chlorine atoms during heat treatment of PVC.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170151012
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on poly(vinyl chloride). IV. Effects of metal chlorides on the thermal decomposition of poly(vinyl chloride) (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 2435-2440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of various metal oxides upon the thermal decomposition of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were previously reported. In this work, 23 metal chlorides were investigated to determine their effects on the thermal decomposition of PVC by pyrolysis-gas chromatography at 500°C. Each metal chloride exhibits influences on the course of thermal decomposition of PVC almost similar to the corresponding metal oxide except for a few elements; the metal chlorides from acidic metal oxides accelerate the thermal decomposition of PVC, but the metal chlorides from basic metal oxides do not. On comparing the effects of metal oxides and metal chlorides on the thermal decomposition of PVC, most metal chlorides were found to accelerate the thermal decomposition of PVC more than the corresponding metal oxides, owing to ease of addition of the chlorine atoms released from metal chloride to the dehydrochlorinated chains. It is concluded from these results that the thermal decomposition of PVC containing metal salts is markedly influenced by the ease with which chlorine atoms are released from the corresponding metal chloride.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.170151013
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on poly(vinyl chloride). I. Evolution of aromatics on pyrolysis of poly(vinyl chloride) and its mechanism (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 737-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) alone or mixed with 10 wt-% and 50 wt-% TiO2, SnO2, ZnO, and Al2O3 were pyrolyzed by using a pyrolysis gas chromatograph. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, styrene, naphthalene, and various chlorobenzenes were identified. No hydrocarbons could be detected in pyrolysis products of any samples at 200°C. More aromatic hydrocarbons than aliphatic hydrocarbons are released from the PVC-TiO2 system and in preheated PVC. The contrary result is observed in the PVC-ZnO and PVC-SnO2 systems. Aromatics having methyl endgroups are easily released from the PVC-ZnO and PVC-SnO2 systems and at elevated pyrolysis temperature, because methylene groups are easily isolated along the chain by ZnO, SnO2 and the heating. The release of ethylbenzene o-xylene, and chlorobenzenes suggests a repeated dehydrochlorination and recombination of HCl and Cl2 to double bonds along the chain. Possible decomposition mechanisms of PVC are discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.170120404
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on poly(vinyl chloride). II. Pyrolysis of chlorinated polybutadienes as model compounds for poly(vinyl chloride) (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 13 (1975), S. 1381-1392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pyrolysis of chlorinated polybutadienes (CPB) was investigated by using a pyrolysis gas chromatograph. CPB corresponds to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) constructed with head-head and tail-tail linkages of the vinyl chloride unit. Benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, o-xylene, styrene, vinyltoluene, chlorobenzenes, naphthalene, and methylnaphthalenes were detected in the pyrolysis products from CPB above 300°C, and no hydrocarbons could be detected at 200°C. The pyrolysis products from CPB were similar to those from PVC and new products could not be detected. Lower aliphatics, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, chlorobenzenes, and methylnaphthalenes were released more easily from pyrolysis of CPB than from PVC; amounts of benzene, styrene, and naphthalene formed were small. These results support the conclusion that recombination of chlorine atoms with the double bonds in the polyene chain takes place and that scission of the main chain may depend on the location of methylene groups isolated along the polyene chain during the thermal decomposition of PVC.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.170130610
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride). II. Stabilization mechanism through metal soaps by complementary color action (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 243-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In a previous paper, it was pointed out that the stabilization mechanism through metal soaps might be affected by an effect of complementary color. In this work, the colors of heated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films mixed with various metal soaps were investigated by using a differential colorimeter and a spectrophotometer. Monochromatic coloration was observed with PVC, PVC-Ca stearate, and PVC-Ba stearate systems. On the other hand, the phenomenon of color mixing was observed with PVC-Zn stearate, PVC-Cd stearate, PVC-Zn/Ca stearate, and PVC-Cd/Ba stearate systems. In particular, achromatic color remained with PVC-Zn/Ca stearate and Cd/Ba stearate systems for longer heating periods. This means that the stabilization mechanism for PVC compounded with metal soaps should be effected finally by subtractive complementary colors situated between polyene color and the color effected with the metal complex, in addition to being subject to the usual chemical stabilization mechanisms.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070190119
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