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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (7)
  • Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
  • 1990-1994  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binary ion exchange equilibrium for Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+ and H+ ions on amberlite IR-120 (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 16 (1993), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental data are reported for ion exchange equilibria of binary systems on Amberlite IR-120 resin, at different temperatures and total ionic concentrations in aqueous solutions. These systems exhibit non-ideal behaviour in both phases, and the equilibrium characterization has been based on the law of mass action, using Wilson and Meisssner, and Kusik equations to correlate the activity coefficients in the resin and aqueous solutions, respectively. Equilibrium constants, standard thermodynamic properties (Gibbs free enthalpy changes, enthalpy and entropy) and Wilson binary parameters were obtained as functions of temperature.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270160107
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new pneumatic bearing dynamometer for power input measurement in stirred tanks (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 14 (1991), S. 105-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A turntable dynamometer has been constructed for the accurate measurement of power input and mixing applications in bench stirred tank reactors. The main feature of this device is a pneumatic bearing with complementary conical parts. The conical pneumatic bearing permitted to apply eccentric loads without affecting its stability. The static friction torque in the pneumatic bearing was very small, 4 × 10-4 Nm, and can be neglected in the experimental ranges of measured torques, i.e. from 5 × 10-3 to 2.21 Nm. In accordance with the instrumentation used, the deviations obtained with the apparatus are less than 10% at low torque readings. At moderate torques, deviations lower than 1% are routinely obtained. Several power input measurements show that the obtained data scatter is lower than 2.5%. The power input response in the turbulent regime is in agreement with dimensional analysis: the power input depends on the cube of the impeller speed. In addition, data obtained with a turbine impeller under ungassed conditions agree with the predictions of a published correlation, which takes into account several geometrical parameters.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270140206
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic study of the synthesis of n-octyl octanoate using cobalt chloride as catalyst (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 17 (1994), S. 210-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of the pseudohomogeneous liquid phase synthesis of a high molecular weight ester in a stirred tank reactor using cobalt chloride as catalyst has been studied at various temperatures, catalyst concentrations, and acid/alcohol molar ratios. A kinetic model has been determined that predicts the experimental results quite well.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270170310
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  • 4
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    Apollo 12 ropy glasses revisited (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We analyzed ropy glasses from Apollo 12 soils 12032 and 12033 by a variety of techniques including SEM/EDX, electron microprobe analysis, INAA, and Ar-39-Ar-40 age dating. The ropy glasses have potassium rare earth elements phosphorous (KREEP)-like compositions different from those of local Apollo 12 mare soils; it is likely that the ropy glasses are of exotic origin. Mixing calculations indicate that the ropy glasses formed from a liquid enriched in KREEP and that the ropy glass liquid also contained a significant amount of mare material. The presence of solar Ar and a trace of regolith-derived glass within the ropy glasses are evidence that the ropy glasses contain a small regolith component. Anorthosite and crystalline breccia (KREEP) clasts occur in some ropy glasses. We also found within these glasses clasts of felsite (fine-grained granitic fragments) very similar in texture and composition to the larger Apollo 12 felsites, which have a Ar-39-Ar-40 degassing age of 800 +/- 15 Ma. Measurements of 39-Ar-40-Ar in 12032 ropy glass indicate that it was degassed at the same time as the large felsite although the ropy glass was not completely degassed. The ropy glasses and felsites, therefore, probably came from the same source. Most early investigators suggested that the Apollo 12 ropy glasses were part of the ejecta deposited at the Apollo 12 site from the Copernicus impact. Our new data reinforce this model. If these ropy glasses are from Copernicus, they provide new clues to the nature of the target material at the Copernicus site, a part of the Moon that has not been sampled directly.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Meteoritics (ISSN 0026-1114); 29; 3; p. 323-333
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  • 5
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    Geochemistry of HASP, VLT, and other glasses from double drive tube 79001/2 (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The Apollo 17 double drive tube 79001/2 (station 9, Van Serg Crater) is distinctive because of its extreme maturity, abundance, and variety of glass clasts. It contains mare glasses of both high Ti and very low Ti (VLT) compositions, and highland glasses of all compositions common in lunar regolith samples: highland basalt (feldspathic; Al2O3 greater than 23 wt percent), KREEP (Al2O3 less than 23 wt percent, K2O greater than 0.25 wt percent), and low-K Fra Mauro (LKFM; Al2O3 less than 23 wt percent, K2O less than 0.25 wt percent). It also contains rare specimens of high-alumina, silica-poor (HASP), and ultra Mg glasses. HASP glasses contain insufficient SiO2 to permit the calculation of a standard norm, and are thought to be the product of volatilization during impact melting. They have been studied by electron microprobe major-element analysis techniques but have not previously been analyzed for trace elements. The samples analyzed for this study were polished grain mounts of the 90-160 micron fraction of four sieved samples from the 79001/2 core (depth range 2.3-11.5 cm). A total of 80 glasses were analyzed by SEM/EDS and electron microprobe, and a subset of 33 of the glasses, representing a wide range of compositional types, was chosen for high-sensitivity INAA. A microdrilling device removed disks (mostly 50-100 micron diameter, weighing approx. 0.1-0.5 micro-g) for INAA. Preliminary data reported here are based only on short counts done within two weeks of irradiation.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Inst., Workshop on Geology of the Apollo 17 Landing Site; p 29-31
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  • 6
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    Mn-Cr isotopic systematics of individual Chainpur chondrules (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-02
    Description: Twenty-eight chondrules separated from Chainpur (LL3.4) were surveyed for abundances of Mn, Cr, Na, Fe, Sc, Hf, Ir, and Zn by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). Six, weighting 0.6-1.5 mg each, were chosen for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and high-precision Ce-isotopic studies. LL-chondrite-normalized (Mn/Fe)(sub LL) and (Sc/Fe)(sub LL) were found to be useful in categorizing them. Five chondrules (CH-16, -17, -18, -23, and -28) were in the range 0.5 less than (Mn/Fe)(sub LL) less than 1. 4 and 0.5 less than (Sc/Fe)(sub LL) less than 1.4. The sixth (CH-25) had (Mn/Fe)(sub LL) and (Sc/Fe)(sub LL) ratios of 0.40 and 8.1, respectively, and was enriched in the refractory lithophile elements Sc and Hf and the refractory siderophile element Ir by 2.7 and 4.4x LL abundances respectively. SEM/EDX of exterior surfaces of the chondrules showed they consisted of varying proportions of low- and high-Ca pyroxenes, olivine, glass, kamacite/taenite, and Fe-sulfides. Chromium-53/chromium-52 for the six chondrules and bulk Chainpur (WR) are presented. Chromium-54/chromium-52 is close to terrestrial and does not correlate with Mn/Cr. We provisionally ignore the possibility of initial Cr isotopic heterogeneities among the chondrules. Omitting both the CH-25 and WR data, a linear regression gives initial (Mn-53/Mn-55)(sub I) = 8 +/- 4 x 10(exp -6), corresponding to chondrule formation at Delta(t)(sub LEW) = -9 +/- 4 Ma prior to igneous crystallization of the LEW 86010 angrite. If initial (Mn-53/Mn-55)(sub 0) in the solar system were as high as approximately 4.4 x 10(exp -5) when Allende CAI formed, our data suggest Chainpur chondrules formed approximately 9 Ma later, in qualitative agreement with 'late' I-Xe formation ages for most Chainpur chondrules.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Meteoritics (ISSN 0026-1114); 29; 4; p. 512-513
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  • 7
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    Geochemistry and petrography of the MacAlpine Hills lunar meteorites (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: MacAlpine Hills 88104 and 88105, anorthositic lunar meteorites recovered form the same area in Antartica, are characterized. Petrographic studies show that MAC88104/5 is a polymict breccia dominated by impact melt clasts. It is better classified as a fragmental breccia than a regolith breccia. The bulk composition is ferroan and highly aluminous (Al2O3-28 percent).
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (ISSN 0016-7037); 55; 3089-310
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  • 8
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    New observations on the quartz monzodiorite-granite suite (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Five new fragments of quartz monzodiorite (QMD) were identified in particles from soil 15403, which was collected from the boulder sampled as rock 15405, an impact-melt breccia containing clasts of KREEP basalt, QMD, granite, and a more primitive alkali norite. Petrographic and geochemical studies of the fragments show considerable variation in modal proportions and bulk composition. This heterogeneity is due to unrepresentative sampling in small fragments of coarse-grained rocks. Variations in the proportions of accessory minerals have marked effects on incompatible-trace-element concentrations and ratios. Semiquantitative calculations support the derivation of QMD from 60-percent fractional crystallization of a KREEP basalt magma as suggested by Hess (1989). Apollo 15 KREEP basalt cannot be the actual parent magma because the evolved rocks predate volcanic KREEP basalts. It is suggested that ancient KREEP basalt magmas have crystallized as plutons, with alkali norite clasts offering the only direct evidence of this precursor.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 12, 1990 - Mar 16, 1990; Houston, TX; United States
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  • 9
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    Moessbauer spectra of olivine-rich achondrites - Evidence for preterrestrial redox reactions (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Moessbauer spectral measurements at 4.2 K were made on several ureilites and the two shergottites found in Antarctica, as well as two ureilite falls, three SNC meteorite falls, and two finds in order to distinguish products of preterrestrial redox reactions from phases formed during oxidative weathering on the earth. The spectra indicated that several ureilites contain major proportions of metallic iron, much of which resulted from preterrestrial carbon-induced reduction of ferrous iron in the outermost 10-100 microns of olivine grains in contact with carbonaceous material in the ureilites. The cryptocrystalline nature of these Fe inclusions in olivine renders the metal extremely vulnerable to aerial oxidation, even in ureilites collected as falls. It is inferred that the nanophase ferric oxides or oxyhydroxides identified in Brachina and Lafayette were produced by terrestrial weather of olivines before the meteorites were found. The absence of goethite in two olivine-bearing Antarctic shergottites suggests that the 2 percent ferric iron determined in their Moessbauer spectra also originated from oxidation on Mars.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 12, 1990 - Mar 16, 1990; Houston, TX; United States
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  • 10
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    Evolved hypabyssal rocks from Station 7, Apennine Front, Apollo 15 (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Three 4-10-mm coarse fines cataclasized particles from Station 7 on the Apennine Front, Apollo 15, have mineral phases and compositions similar to those in the quartz monzodiorites in 15405, from Station 6a. The chemical analyses of the Station 7 particles have lower trace-element abundances and flatter rare earth element patterns, and there is considerable disagreement among and between mineral norms and modes. The zoning of pyroxenes and the nature of their exsolution strongly suggest a common origin of the three particles and 15405 quartz monzodiorites in a hypabyssal environment. The differences then are a result of short-range differences in igneous modes considerably exaggereted by unrepresentative sampling of coarse rocks in small fragments. The parent hypabyssal rocks crystallized (4.35 Ga ago?) by fractionation of a poorly defined KREEP basalt magma, before the residual liquid reached any field of immiscibility. An impact event, possibly that forming Aristillus, ejected the upper levels of the bypabyssal intrusion, some of the ejecta spraying the Apennine Front.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 12, 1990 - Mar 16, 1990; Houston, TX; United States
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