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  • Humans  (50)
  • Life Sciences (General)  (14)
  • 2000-2004  (64)
  • 1
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    Construction and analysis of a human-chimpanzee comparative clone map (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-05
    Description: The recently released human genome sequences provide us with reference data to conduct comparative genomic research on primates, which will be important to understand what genetic information makes us human. Here we present a first-generation human-chimpanzee comparative genome map and its initial analysis. The map was constructed through paired alignment of 77,461 chimpanzee bacterial artificial chromosome end sequences with publicly available human genome sequences. We detected candidate positions, including two clusters on human chromosome 21 that suggest large, nonrandom regions of difference between the two genomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fujiyama, Asao -- Watanabe, Hidemi -- Toyoda, Atsushi -- Taylor, Todd D -- Itoh, Takehiko -- Tsai, Shih-Feng -- Park, Hong-Seog -- Yaspo, Marie-Laure -- Lehrach, Hans -- Chen, Zhu -- Fu, Gang -- Saitou, Naruya -- Osoegawa, Kazutoyo -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Suto, Yumiko -- Hattori, Masahira -- Sakaki, Yoshiyuki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 4;295(5552):131-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. afujiyam@gsc.riken.go.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11778049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Contig Mapping ; Female ; Gene Library ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; *Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Tagged Sites ; X Chromosome/genetics ; Y Chromosome/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Lamin a truncation in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Sandre-Giovannoli, Annachiara -- Bernard, Rafaelle -- Cau, Pierre -- Navarro, Claire -- Amiel, Jeanne -- Boccaccio, Irene -- Lyonnet, Stanislas -- Stewart, Colin L -- Munnich, Arnold -- Le Merrer, Martine -- Levy, Nicolas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 27;300(5628):2055. Epub 2003 Apr 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Inserm U491: Genetique Medicale et Developpement, Faculte de Medecine Timone, Marseille, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure ; Child ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Lamin Type A/analysis/*chemistry/*genetics ; Lymphocytes/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Progeria/blood/*genetics ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Sequence Deletion ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Two-amino acid molecular switch in an epithelial morphogen that regulates binding to two distinct receptors (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-20
    Description: Ectodysplasin, a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, is encoded by the anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (EDA) gene. Mutations in EDA give rise to a clinical syndrome characterized by loss of hair, sweat glands, and teeth. EDA-A1 and EDA-A2 are two isoforms of ectodysplasin that differ only by an insertion of two amino acids. This insertion functions to determine receptor binding specificity, such that EDA-A1 binds only the receptor EDAR, whereas EDA-A2 binds only the related, but distinct, X-linked ectodysplasin-A2 receptor (XEDAR). In situ binding and organ culture studies indicate that EDA-A1 and EDA-A2 are differentially expressed and play a role in epidermal morphogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yan, M -- Wang, L C -- Hymowitz, S G -- Schilbach, S -- Lee, J -- Goddard, A -- de Vos, A M -- Gao, W Q -- Dixit, V M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 20;290(5491):523-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11039935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Ectodermal Dysplasia/genetics ; Ectodysplasins ; Epidermis/embryology/*metabolism ; Humans ; *I-kappa B Proteins ; In Situ Hybridization ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morphogenesis ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Point Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Proteins/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    AIDS as a zoonosis: scientific and public health implications (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-29
    Description: Evidence of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection has been reported for 26 different species of African nonhuman primates. Two of these viruses, SIVcpz from chimpanzees and SIVsm from sooty mangabeys, are the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans. Together, they have been transmitted to humans on at least seven occasions. The implications of human infection by a diverse set of SIVs and of exposure to a plethora of additional human immunodeficiency virus-related viruses are discussed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hahn, B H -- Shaw, G M -- De Cock, K M -- Sharp, P M -- N01 AI 35338/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI 40951/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI 44596/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jan 28;287(5453):607-14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. bhahn@uab.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10649986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*transmission/virology ; Africa, Western/epidemiology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Disease Outbreaks ; Disease Reservoirs ; *HIV-1/genetics ; *HIV-2/genetics ; Haplorhini/*virology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Public Health ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/classification/genetics/*physiology ; Species Specificity ; Zoonoses/*transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Expectation and dopamine release: mechanism of the placebo effect in Parkinson's disease (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-11
    Description: The power of placebos has long been recognized for improving numerous medical conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Little is known, however, about the mechanism underlying the placebo effect. Using the ability of endogenous dopamine to compete for [11C]raclopride binding as measured by positron emission tomography, we provide in vivo evidence for substantial release of endogenous dopamine in the striatum of PD patients in response to placebo. Our findings indicate that the placebo effect in PD is powerful and is mediated through activation of the damaged nigrostriatal dopamine system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de la Fuente-Fernandez, R -- Ruth, T J -- Sossi, V -- Schulzer, M -- Calne, D B -- Stoessl, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 10;293(5532):1164-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurodegenerative Disorders Centre, TRIUMF, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 2B5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11498597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Antiparkinson Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Apomorphine/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Corpus Striatum/*metabolism/radionuclide imaging ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parkinson Disease/*drug therapy/metabolism ; *Placebo Effect ; Placebos/administration & dosage ; Raclopride/metabolism ; Synapses/metabolism ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Dynamic disruptions in nuclear envelope architecture and integrity induced by HIV-1 Vpr (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-03
    Description: Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) Vpr expression halts the proliferation of human cells at or near the G2 cell-cycle checkpoint. The transition from G2 to mitosis is normally controlled by changes in the state of phosphorylation and subcellular compartmentalization of key cell-cycle regulatory proteins. In studies of the intracellular trafficking of these regulators, we unexpectedly found that wild-type Vpr, but not Vpr mutants impaired for G2 arrest, induced transient, localized herniations in the nuclear envelope (NE). These herniations were associated with defects in the nuclear lamina. Intermittently, these herniations ruptured, resulting in the mixing of nuclear and cytoplasmic components. These Vpr-induced NE changes probably contribute to the observed cell-cycle arrest.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Noronha, C M -- Sherman, M P -- Lin, H W -- Cavrois, M V -- Moir, R D -- Goldman, R D -- Greene, W C -- KO8 AI01866/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 MH59037/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI145234/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 2;294(5544):1105-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11691994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism/virology ; Cyclin B/metabolism ; Cyclin B1 ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; *G2 Phase ; Gene Products, vpr/genetics/*physiology ; HIV-1/*physiology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; *Lamin Type B ; Lamins ; Macrophages/virology ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Microscopy, Video ; Mitosis ; Mutation ; Nuclear Envelope/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection ; Virus Integration ; cdc25 Phosphatases/metabolism ; vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Phylogenetics. Which mammalian supertree to bark up? (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Springer, M S -- de Jong, W W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 2;291(5509):1709-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. springer@citrus.ucr.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11253193" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; Mammals/anatomy & histology/*classification/genetics ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Pedigree ; *Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Is face processing species-specific during the first year of life? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-23
    Description: Between 6 and 10 months of age, the infant's ability to discriminate among native speech sounds improves, whereas the same ability to discriminate among foreign speech sounds decreases. Our study aimed to determine whether this perceptual narrowing is unique to language or might also apply to face processing. We tested discrimination of human and monkey faces by 6-month-olds, 9-month-olds, and adults, using the visual paired-comparison procedure. Only the youngest group showed discrimination between individuals of both species; older infants and adults only showed evidence of discrimination of their own species. These results suggest that the "perceptual narrowing" phenomenon may represent a more general change in neural networks involved in early cognition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pascalis, Olivier -- de Haan, Michelle -- Nelson, Charles A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 17;296(5571):1321-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK. o.pascalis@sheffield.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12016317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Aging ; Animals ; Evoked Potentials ; *Face ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; *Pattern Recognition, Visual ; *Recognition (Psychology) ; Species Specificity ; Speech Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    Senescence induced by altered telomere state, not telomere loss (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-03-30
    Description: Primary human cells in culture invariably stop dividing and enter a state of growth arrest called replicative senescence. This transition is induced by programmed telomere shortening, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we report that overexpression of TRF2, a telomeric DNA binding protein, increased the rate of telomere shortening in primary cells without accelerating senescence. TRF2 reduced the senescence setpoint, defined as telomere length at senescence, from 7 to 4 kilobases. TRF2 protected critically short telomeres from fusion and repressed chromosome-end fusions in presenescent cultures, which explains the ability of TRF2 to delay senescence. Thus, replicative senescence is induced by a change in the protected status of shortened telomeres rather than by a complete loss of telomeric DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karlseder, Jan -- Smogorzewska, Agata -- de Lange, Titia -- AG16643/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- CA76027/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 29;295(5564):2446-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/genetics/metabolism ; *Cell Aging ; *Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics/metabolism ; Papillomavirus E7 Proteins ; *Repressor Proteins ; Retinoblastoma Protein/metabolism ; Retroviridae/genetics ; Telomere/metabolism/*physiology ; Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2 ; Transformation, Genetic ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    The genetic legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in extant Europeans: a Y chromosome perspective (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-11-10
    Description: A genetic perspective of human history in Europe was derived from 22 binary markers of the nonrecombining Y chromosome (NRY). Ten lineages account for 〉95% of the 1007 European Y chromosomes studied. Geographic distribution and age estimates of alleles are compatible with two Paleolithic and one Neolithic migratory episode that have contributed to the modern European gene pool. A significant correlation between the NRY haplotype data and principal components based on 95 protein markers was observed, indicating the effectiveness of NRY binary polymorphisms in the characterization of human population composition and history.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Semino, O -- Passarino, G -- Oefner, P J -- Lin, A A -- Arbuzova, S -- Beckman, L E -- De Benedictis, G -- Francalacci, P -- Kouvatsi, A -- Limborska, S -- Marcikiae, M -- Mika, A -- Mika, B -- Primorac, D -- Santachiara-Benerecetti, A S -- Cavalli-Sforza, L L -- Underhill, P A -- GM 28428/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 55273/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 10;290(5494):1155-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Universita di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy. semino@ipvgen.univp.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11073453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Anthropology, Physical ; Climate ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Emigration and Immigration ; Europe ; Female ; *Gene Pool ; Genetic Markers ; *Genetics, Population ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Male ; Middle East ; *Y Chromosome
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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