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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2000-03-10
    Description: The 2,272,351-base pair genome of Neisseria meningitidis strain MC58 (serogroup B), a causative agent of meningitis and septicemia, contains 2158 predicted coding regions, 1158 (53.7%) of which were assigned a biological role. Three major islands of horizontal DNA transfer were identified; two of these contain genes encoding proteins involved in pathogenicity, and the third island contains coding sequences only for hypothetical proteins. Insights into the commensal and virulence behavior of N. meningitidis can be gleaned from the genome, in which sequences for structural proteins of the pilus are clustered and several coding regions unique to serogroup B capsular polysaccharide synthesis can be identified. Finally, N. meningitidis contains more genes that undergo phase variation than any pathogen studied to date, a mechanism that controls their expression and contributes to the evasion of the host immune system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tettelin, H -- Saunders, N J -- Heidelberg, J -- Jeffries, A C -- Nelson, K E -- Eisen, J A -- Ketchum, K A -- Hood, D W -- Peden, J F -- Dodson, R J -- Nelson, W C -- Gwinn, M L -- DeBoy, R -- Peterson, J D -- Hickey, E K -- Haft, D H -- Salzberg, S L -- White, O -- Fleischmann, R D -- Dougherty, B A -- Mason, T -- Ciecko, A -- Parksey, D S -- Blair, E -- Cittone, H -- Clark, E B -- Cotton, M D -- Utterback, T R -- Khouri, H -- Qin, H -- Vamathevan, J -- Gill, J -- Scarlato, V -- Masignani, V -- Pizza, M -- Grandi, G -- Sun, L -- Smith, H O -- Fraser, C M -- Moxon, E R -- Rappuoli, R -- Venter, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 10;287(5459):1809-15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10710307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigenic Variation ; Antigens, Bacterial/immunology ; Bacteremia/microbiology ; Bacterial Capsules/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/physiology ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fimbriae, Bacterial/genetics ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Humans ; Meningitis, Meningococcal/microbiology ; Meningococcal Infections/microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neisseria meningitidis/classification/*genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Open Reading Frames ; Operon ; Phylogeny ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Serotyping ; Transformation, Bacterial ; Virulence/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2001-07-21
    Description: The 2,160,837-base pair genome sequence of an isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a Gram-positive pathogen that causes pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, and otitis media, contains 2236 predicted coding regions; of these, 1440 (64%) were assigned a biological role. Approximately 5% of the genome is composed of insertion sequences that may contribute to genome rearrangements through uptake of foreign DNA. Extracellular enzyme systems for the metabolism of polysaccharides and hexosamines provide a substantial source of carbon and nitrogen for S. pneumoniae and also damage host tissues and facilitate colonization. A motif identified within the signal peptide of proteins is potentially involved in targeting these proteins to the cell surface of low-guanine/cytosine (GC) Gram-positive species. Several surface-exposed proteins that may serve as potential vaccine candidates were identified. Comparative genome hybridization with DNA arrays revealed strain differences in S. pneumoniae that could contribute to differences in virulence and antigenicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tettelin, H -- Nelson, K E -- Paulsen, I T -- Eisen, J A -- Read, T D -- Peterson, S -- Heidelberg, J -- DeBoy, R T -- Haft, D H -- Dodson, R J -- Durkin, A S -- Gwinn, M -- Kolonay, J F -- Nelson, W C -- Peterson, J D -- Umayam, L A -- White, O -- Salzberg, S L -- Lewis, M R -- Radune, D -- Holtzapple, E -- Khouri, H -- Wolf, A M -- Utterback, T R -- Hansen, C L -- McDonald, L A -- Feldblyum, T V -- Angiuoli, S -- Dickinson, T -- Hickey, E K -- Holt, I E -- Loftus, B J -- Yang, F -- Smith, H O -- Venter, J C -- Dougherty, B A -- Morrison, D A -- Hollingshead, S K -- Fraser, C M -- R01 AI40645-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 20;293(5529):498-506.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11463916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Bacterial ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Bacterial Vaccines ; Base Composition ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Bacterial/genetics ; Computational Biology ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics ; Gene Duplication ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Hexosamines/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Recombination, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity ; Streptococcus pneumoniae/*genetics/immunology/metabolism/*pathogenicity ; Virulence ; rRNA Operon
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1998-11-06
    Description: Chromosome 2 of Plasmodium falciparum was sequenced; this sequence contains 947,103 base pairs and encodes 210 predicted genes. In comparison with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, chromosome 2 has a lower gene density, introns are more frequent, and proteins are markedly enriched in nonglobular domains. A family of surface proteins, rifins, that may play a role in antigenic variation was identified. The complete sequencing of chromosome 2 has shown that sequencing of the A+T-rich P. falciparum genome is technically feasible.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gardner, M J -- Tettelin, H -- Carucci, D J -- Cummings, L M -- Aravind, L -- Koonin, E V -- Shallom, S -- Mason, T -- Yu, K -- Fujii, C -- Pederson, J -- Shen, K -- Jing, J -- Aston, C -- Lai, Z -- Schwartz, D C -- Pertea, M -- Salzberg, S -- Zhou, L -- Sutton, G G -- Clayton, R -- White, O -- Smith, H O -- Fraser, C M -- Adams, M D -- Venter, J C -- Hoffman, S L -- R01 AI40125-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 6;282(5391):1126-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9804551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan/chemistry/genetics ; Base Composition ; Chromosomes/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Genes, Protozoan ; Genome, Protozoan ; Introns ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Plasmodium falciparum/*genetics ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; RNA, Protozoan/genetics ; RNA, Transfer, Glu/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Alignment ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2002-06-01
    Description: The high degree of similarity between the mouse and human genomes is demonstrated through analysis of the sequence of mouse chromosome 16 (Mmu 16), which was obtained as part of a whole-genome shotgun assembly of the mouse genome. The mouse genome is about 10% smaller than the human genome, owing to a lower repetitive DNA content. Comparison of the structure and protein-coding potential of Mmu 16 with that of the homologous segments of the human genome identifies regions of conserved synteny with human chromosomes (Hsa) 3, 8, 12, 16, 21, and 22. Gene content and order are highly conserved between Mmu 16 and the syntenic blocks of the human genome. Of the 731 predicted genes on Mmu 16, 509 align with orthologs on the corresponding portions of the human genome, 44 are likely paralogous to these genes, and 164 genes have homologs elsewhere in the human genome; there are 14 genes for which we could find no human counterpart.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mural, Richard J -- Adams, Mark D -- Myers, Eugene W -- Smith, Hamilton O -- Miklos, George L Gabor -- Wides, Ron -- Halpern, Aaron -- Li, Peter W -- Sutton, Granger G -- Nadeau, Joe -- Salzberg, Steven L -- Holt, Robert A -- Kodira, Chinnappa D -- Lu, Fu -- Chen, Lin -- Deng, Zuoming -- Evangelista, Carlos C -- Gan, Weiniu -- Heiman, Thomas J -- Li, Jiayin -- Li, Zhenya -- Merkulov, Gennady V -- Milshina, Natalia V -- Naik, Ashwinikumar K -- Qi, Rong -- Shue, Bixiong Chris -- Wang, Aihui -- Wang, Jian -- Wang, Xin -- Yan, Xianghe -- Ye, Jane -- Yooseph, Shibu -- Zhao, Qi -- Zheng, Liansheng -- Zhu, Shiaoping C -- Biddick, Kendra -- Bolanos, Randall -- Delcher, Arthur L -- Dew, Ian M -- Fasulo, Daniel -- Flanigan, Michael J -- Huson, Daniel H -- Kravitz, Saul A -- Miller, Jason R -- Mobarry, Clark M -- Reinert, Knut -- Remington, Karin A -- Zhang, Qing -- Zheng, Xiangqun H -- Nusskern, Deborah R -- Lai, Zhongwu -- Lei, Yiding -- Zhong, Wenyan -- Yao, Alison -- Guan, Ping -- Ji, Rui-Ru -- Gu, Zhiping -- Wang, Zhen-Yuan -- Zhong, Fei -- Xiao, Chunlin -- Chiang, Chia-Chien -- Yandell, Mark -- Wortman, Jennifer R -- Amanatides, Peter G -- Hladun, Suzanne L -- Pratts, Eric C -- Johnson, Jeffery E -- Dodson, Kristina L -- Woodford, Kerry J -- Evans, Cheryl A -- Gropman, Barry -- Rusch, Douglas B -- Venter, Eli -- Wang, Mei -- Smith, Thomas J -- Houck, Jarrett T -- Tompkins, Donald E -- Haynes, Charles -- Jacob, Debbie -- Chin, Soo H -- Allen, David R -- Dahlke, Carl E -- Sanders, Robert -- Li, Kelvin -- Liu, Xiangjun -- Levitsky, Alexander A -- Majoros, William H -- Chen, Quan -- Xia, Ashley C -- Lopez, John R -- Donnelly, Michael T -- Newman, Matthew H -- Glodek, Anna -- Kraft, Cheryl L -- Nodell, Marc -- Ali, Feroze -- An, Hui-Jin -- Baldwin-Pitts, Danita -- Beeson, Karen Y -- Cai, Shuang -- Carnes, Mark -- Carver, Amy -- Caulk, Parris M -- Center, Angela -- Chen, Yen-Hui -- Cheng, Ming-Lai -- Coyne, My D -- Crowder, Michelle -- Danaher, Steven -- Davenport, Lionel B -- Desilets, Raymond -- Dietz, Susanne M -- Doup, Lisa -- Dullaghan, Patrick -- Ferriera, Steven -- Fosler, Carl R -- Gire, Harold C -- Gluecksmann, Andres -- Gocayne, Jeannine D -- Gray, Jonathan -- Hart, Brit -- Haynes, Jason -- Hoover, Jeffery -- Howland, Tim -- Ibegwam, Chinyere -- Jalali, Mena -- Johns, David -- Kline, Leslie -- Ma, Daniel S -- MacCawley, Steven -- Magoon, Anand -- Mann, Felecia -- May, David -- McIntosh, Tina C -- Mehta, Somil -- Moy, Linda -- Moy, Mee C -- Murphy, Brian J -- Murphy, Sean D -- Nelson, Keith A -- Nuri, Zubeda -- Parker, Kimberly A -- Prudhomme, Alexandre C -- Puri, Vinita N -- Qureshi, Hina -- Raley, John C -- Reardon, Matthew S -- Regier, Megan A -- Rogers, Yu-Hui C -- Romblad, Deanna L -- Schutz, Jakob -- Scott, John L -- Scott, Richard -- Sitter, Cynthia D -- Smallwood, Michella -- Sprague, Arlan C -- Stewart, Erin -- Strong, Renee V -- Suh, Ellen -- Sylvester, Karena -- Thomas, Reginald -- Tint, Ni Ni -- Tsonis, Christopher -- Wang, Gary -- Wang, George -- Williams, Monica S -- Williams, Sherita M -- Windsor, Sandra M -- Wolfe, Keriellen -- Wu, Mitchell M -- Zaveri, Jayshree -- Chaturvedi, Kabir -- Gabrielian, Andrei E -- Ke, Zhaoxi -- Sun, Jingtao -- Subramanian, Gangadharan -- Venter, J Craig -- Pfannkoch, Cynthia M -- Barnstead, Mary -- Stephenson, Lisa D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1661-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Celera Genomics, 45 West Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. richard.mural@celera.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; Chromosomes/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Conserved Sequence ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genes ; Genetic Markers ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred A/genetics ; Mice, Inbred DBA/genetics ; Mice, Inbred Strains/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity ; *Synteny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: Anopheles gambiae is the principal vector of malaria, a disease that afflicts more than 500 million people and causes more than 1 million deaths each year. Tenfold shotgun sequence coverage was obtained from the PEST strain of A. gambiae and assembled into scaffolds that span 278 million base pairs. A total of 91% of the genome was organized in 303 scaffolds; the largest scaffold was 23.1 million base pairs. There was substantial genetic variation within this strain, and the apparent existence of two haplotypes of approximately equal frequency ("dual haplotypes") in a substantial fraction of the genome likely reflects the outbred nature of the PEST strain. The sequence produced a conservative inference of more than 400,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms that showed a markedly bimodal density distribution. Analysis of the genome sequence revealed strong evidence for about 14,000 protein-encoding transcripts. Prominent expansions in specific families of proteins likely involved in cell adhesion and immunity were noted. An expressed sequence tag analysis of genes regulated by blood feeding provided insights into the physiological adaptations of a hematophagous insect.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holt, Robert A -- Subramanian, G Mani -- Halpern, Aaron -- Sutton, Granger G -- Charlab, Rosane -- Nusskern, Deborah R -- Wincker, Patrick -- Clark, Andrew G -- Ribeiro, Jose M C -- Wides, Ron -- Salzberg, Steven L -- Loftus, Brendan -- Yandell, Mark -- Majoros, William H -- Rusch, Douglas B -- Lai, Zhongwu -- Kraft, Cheryl L -- Abril, Josep F -- Anthouard, Veronique -- Arensburger, Peter -- Atkinson, Peter W -- Baden, Holly -- de Berardinis, Veronique -- Baldwin, Danita -- Benes, Vladimir -- Biedler, Jim -- Blass, Claudia -- Bolanos, Randall -- Boscus, Didier -- Barnstead, Mary -- Cai, Shuang -- Center, Angela -- Chaturverdi, Kabir -- Christophides, George K -- Chrystal, Mathew A -- Clamp, Michele -- Cravchik, Anibal -- Curwen, Val -- Dana, Ali -- Delcher, Art -- Dew, Ian -- Evans, Cheryl A -- Flanigan, Michael -- Grundschober-Freimoser, Anne -- Friedli, Lisa -- Gu, Zhiping -- Guan, Ping -- Guigo, Roderic -- Hillenmeyer, Maureen E -- Hladun, Susanne L -- Hogan, James R -- Hong, Young S -- Hoover, Jeffrey -- Jaillon, Olivier -- Ke, Zhaoxi -- Kodira, Chinnappa -- Kokoza, Elena -- Koutsos, Anastasios -- Letunic, Ivica -- Levitsky, Alex -- Liang, Yong -- Lin, Jhy-Jhu -- Lobo, Neil F -- Lopez, John R -- Malek, Joel A -- McIntosh, Tina C -- Meister, Stephan -- Miller, Jason -- Mobarry, Clark -- Mongin, Emmanuel -- Murphy, Sean D -- O'Brochta, David A -- Pfannkoch, Cynthia -- Qi, Rong -- Regier, Megan A -- Remington, Karin -- Shao, Hongguang -- Sharakhova, Maria V -- Sitter, Cynthia D -- Shetty, Jyoti -- Smith, Thomas J -- Strong, Renee -- Sun, Jingtao -- Thomasova, Dana -- Ton, Lucas Q -- Topalis, Pantelis -- Tu, Zhijian -- Unger, Maria F -- Walenz, Brian -- Wang, Aihui -- Wang, Jian -- Wang, Mei -- Wang, Xuelan -- Woodford, Kerry J -- Wortman, Jennifer R -- Wu, Martin -- Yao, Alison -- Zdobnov, Evgeny M -- Zhang, Hongyu -- Zhao, Qi -- Zhao, Shaying -- Zhu, Shiaoping C -- Zhimulev, Igor -- Coluzzi, Mario -- della Torre, Alessandra -- Roth, Charles W -- Louis, Christos -- Kalush, Francis -- Mural, Richard J -- Myers, Eugene W -- Adams, Mark D -- Smith, Hamilton O -- Broder, Samuel -- Gardner, Malcolm J -- Fraser, Claire M -- Birney, Ewan -- Bork, Peer -- Brey, Paul T -- Venter, J Craig -- Weissenbach, Jean -- Kafatos, Fotis C -- Collins, Frank H -- Hoffman, Stephen L -- R01AI44273/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01AI48846/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01AI50687/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):129-49.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Celera Genomics, 45 West Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. robert.holt@celera.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364791" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/classification/*genetics/parasitology/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Blood ; Chromosome Inversion ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; Computational Biology ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Digestion ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Enzymes/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Feeding Behavior ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Insect ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Insect Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Insect Vectors/genetics/parasitology/physiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/transmission ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mosquito Control ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Plasmodium falciparum/growth & development ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proteome ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1995-07-28
    Description: The naturally transformable, Gram-negative bacterium Haemophilus influenzae Rd preferentially takes up DNA of its own species by recognizing a 9-base pair sequence, 5'-AAGTGCGGT, carried in multiple copies in its chromosome. With the availability of the complete genome sequence, 1465 copies of the 9-base pair uptake site have been identified. Alignment of these sites unexpectedly reveals an extended consensus region of 29 base pairs containing the core 9-base pair region and two downstream 6-base pair A/T-rich regions, each spaced about one helix turn apart. Seventeen percent of the sites are in inverted repeat pairs, many of which are located downstream to gene termini and are capable of forming stem-loop structures in messenger RNA that might function as signals for transcription termination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, H O -- Tomb, J F -- Dougherty, B A -- Fleischmann, R D -- Venter, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 28;269(5223):538-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7542802" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Consensus Sequence ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/*genetics ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Haemophilus influenzae/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription, Genetic ; *Transformation, Bacterial
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: We used whole-genome design and complete chemical synthesis to minimize the 1079-kilobase pair synthetic genome of Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0. An initial design, based on collective knowledge of molecular biology combined with limited transposon mutagenesis data, failed to produce a viable cell. Improved transposon mutagenesis methods revealed a class of quasi-essential genes that are needed for robust growth, explaining the failure of our initial design. Three cycles of design, synthesis, and testing, with retention of quasi-essential genes, produced JCVI-syn3.0 (531 kilobase pairs, 473 genes), which has a genome smaller than that of any autonomously replicating cell found in nature. JCVI-syn3.0 retains almost all genes involved in the synthesis and processing of macromolecules. Unexpectedly, it also contains 149 genes with unknown biological functions. JCVI-syn3.0 is a versatile platform for investigating the core functions of life and for exploring whole-genome design.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hutchison, Clyde A 3rd -- Chuang, Ray-Yuan -- Noskov, Vladimir N -- Assad-Garcia, Nacyra -- Deerinck, Thomas J -- Ellisman, Mark H -- Gill, John -- Kannan, Krishna -- Karas, Bogumil J -- Ma, Li -- Pelletier, James F -- Qi, Zhi-Qing -- Richter, R Alexander -- Strychalski, Elizabeth A -- Sun, Lijie -- Suzuki, Yo -- Tsvetanova, Billyana -- Wise, Kim S -- Smith, Hamilton O -- Glass, John I -- Merryman, Chuck -- Gibson, Daniel G -- Venter, J Craig -- P41GM103412/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):aad6253. doi: 10.1126/science.aad6253.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Synthetic Genomics, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA. ; J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Synthetic Genomics, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Artificial Cells ; Codon/genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Bacterial/*chemical synthesis/genetics ; Genes, Essential ; Genes, Synthetic/genetics/*physiology ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Mutagenesis ; Mycoplasma mycoides/*genetics ; Proteins/genetics ; RNA/genetics ; Synthetic Biology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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