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  • Agriculture  (3)
  • Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics  (3)
  • 1
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    Boom-and-bust development patterns across the Amazon deforestation frontier (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-06-13
    Description: The Brazilian Amazon is globally important for biodiversity, climate, and geochemical cycles, but is also among the least developed regions in Brazil. Economic development is often pursued through forest conversion for cattle ranching and agriculture, mediated by logging. However, on the basis of an assessment of 286 municipalities in different stages of deforestation, we found a boom-and-bust pattern in levels of human development across the deforestation frontier. Relative standards of living, literacy, and life expectancy increase as deforestation begins but then decline as the frontier evolves, so that pre- and postfrontier levels of human development are similarly low. New financial incentives and policies are creating opportunities for a more sustained development trajectory that is not based on the depletion of nature and ecosystem services.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodrigues, Ana S L -- Ewers, Robert M -- Parry, Luke -- Souza, Carlos Jr -- Verissimo, Adalberto -- Balmford, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 12;324(5933):1435-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1174002.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. ana.rodrigues@cefe.cnrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19520958" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Brazil ; *Cities ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; *Educational Status ; Humans ; Income ; *Life Expectancy ; Population Dynamics ; *Socioeconomic Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Financial costs of meeting global biodiversity conservation targets: current spending and unmet needs (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-16
    Description: World governments have committed to halting human-induced extinctions and safeguarding important sites for biodiversity by 2020, but the financial costs of meeting these targets are largely unknown. We estimate the cost of reducing the extinction risk of all globally threatened bird species (by 〉/=1 International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List category) to be U.S. $0.875 to $1.23 billion annually over the next decade, of which 12% is currently funded. Incorporating threatened nonavian species increases this total to U.S. $3.41 to $4.76 billion annually. We estimate that protecting and effectively managing all terrestrial sites of global avian conservation significance (11,731 Important Bird Areas) would cost U.S. $65.1 billion annually. Adding sites for other taxa increases this to U.S. $76.1 billion annually. Meeting these targets will require conservation funding to increase by at least an order of magnitude.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCarthy, Donal P -- Donald, Paul F -- Scharlemann, Jorn P W -- Buchanan, Graeme M -- Balmford, Andrew -- Green, Jonathan M H -- Bennun, Leon A -- Burgess, Neil D -- Fishpool, Lincoln D C -- Garnett, Stephen T -- Leonard, David L -- Maloney, Richard F -- Morling, Paul -- Schaefer, H Martin -- Symes, Andy -- Wiedenfeld, David A -- Butchart, Stuart H M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 16;338(6109):946-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1229803. Epub 2012 Oct 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court, Cambridge CB3 0NA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23065904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; *Capital Financing ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Extinction, Biological ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Bushmeat hunting, wildlife declines, and fish supply in West Africa (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: The multibillion-dollar trade in bushmeat is among the most immediate threats to the persistence of tropical vertebrates, but our understanding of its underlying drivers and effects on human welfare is limited by a lack of empirical data. We used 30 years of data from Ghana to link mammal declines to the bushmeat trade and to spatial and temporal changes in the availability of fish. We show that years of poor fish supply coincided with increased hunting in nature reserves and sharp declines in biomass of 41 wildlife species. Local market data provide evidence of a direct link between fish supply and subsequent bushmeat demand in villages and show bushmeat's role as a dietary staple in the region. Our results emphasize the urgent need to develop cheap protein alternatives to bushmeat and to improve fisheries management by foreign and domestic fleets to avert extinctions of tropical wildlife.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brashares, Justin S -- Arcese, Peter -- Sam, Moses K -- Coppolillo, Peter B -- Sinclair, A R E -- Balmford, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1180-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. brashares@nature.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Commerce ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; *Food Supply ; Ghana ; Humans ; *Mammals ; *Meat ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Economic reasons for conserving wild nature (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-10
    Description: On the eve of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, it is timely to assess progress over the 10 years since its predecessor in Rio de Janeiro. Loss and degradation of remaining natural habitats has continued largely unabated. However, evidence has been accumulating that such systems generate marked economic benefits, which the available data suggest exceed those obtained from continued habitat conversion. We estimate that the overall benefit:cost ratio of an effective global program for the conservation of remaining wild nature is at least 100:1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balmford, Andrew -- Bruner, Aaron -- Cooper, Philip -- Costanza, Robert -- Farber, Stephen -- Green, Rhys E -- Jenkins, Martin -- Jefferiss, Paul -- Jessamy, Valma -- Madden, Joah -- Munro, Kat -- Myers, Norman -- Naeem, Shahid -- Paavola, Jouni -- Rayment, Matthew -- Rosendo, Sergio -- Roughgarden, Joan -- Trumper, Kate -- Turner, R Kerry -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):950-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. a.balmford@zoo.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169718" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Aquaculture ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Forestry ; Humans ; Private Sector ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Sharing future conservation costs--response (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butchart, Stuart H M -- McCarthy, Donal P -- Balmford, Andrew -- Bennun, Leon A -- Buchanan, Graeme M -- Burgess, Neil D -- Donald, Paul F -- Fishpool, Lincoln D C -- Garnett, Stephen T -- Leonard, David L -- Maloney, Richard F -- Schaefer, H Martin -- Scharlemann, Jorn P W -- Symes, Andy -- Wiedenfeld, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 18;339(6117):271-2. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6117.271-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23329031" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; *Capital Financing ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; *Extinction, Biological ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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