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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical studies of multicomponent chromatography using pH gradients (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 1171-1183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general numerical method is developed for multicomponent chromatography for the case where a pH gradient occurs and several buffering species are present that become adsorbed together with the components being separated through an ion-exchange mechanism. Acid-base equilibrium relations are used to determine the ionic compositions in the liquid and adsorbed phases and are solved using a single-variable Newton's method. The differential material-balance relations are integrated numerically using the method of characteristics. The transport relations are incorporated using a matrix analog of the linear-driving-force approximation. The resulting method accounts for the adsorption of each ionic form of each buffering species, for multicomponent diffusional interactions arising from induced electric fields, for volume and concentration overloading of proteins, and for changes in the adsorption capacity caused by pH variations. Numerical calculations illustrate factors govening the selection of the adsorbent and buffer components for use in separating mixtures of proteins using retained, internally generated pH gradients.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410513
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of surfactants on mass transfer during spray drying (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 437-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A study was conducted to investigate the effects of added surfactants on mass transfer during spray drying. Measurements were made of retention of volatile components and amount of water evaporation at various points near the atomizer inside a spray dryer of pilot plant scale. Experimental data indicate that surfactants can have a substantial effect on transport processes when certain types of liquid solutions are spray dried. Experimental results are interpreted in terms of transport mechanisms and are compared with relevant previous studies on non-spray systems.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320310
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixed-gas adsorption dynamics of high-concentration components in a particulate bed (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1649-1655 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The study of LeVan et al. (1988) concerning the dynamics of mixed-gas adsorption of components having high concentrations is extended to the case of multicomponent isotherms determined from either ideal or nonideal adsorbed solution theory. A discussion is given of the effect of isotherm properties on the dynamics of isothermal, mixed-gas adsorption when the adsorbate concentrations in the feed gas are large enough so that the interstitial fluid velocity varies significantly along the adsorption front.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381015
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Explicit calculation of multicomponent equilibria for ideal adsorbed solutions (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 182-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400121
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Rißkorrosion hochfester Seildrähte durch SchwitzwasserAuszug aus Mitteilungen 56/1980 des Sonderforschungsbereiches 64 „Weitgespannte Flächentragwerke“ an der Universität Stuttgart. (1981)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 201-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations into stress corrosion of high strength rope wires in condensating waterIn stress corrosion tests uncoated, galvanized and aluminized rope wires were submitted to the influence of periodically condensating water. Real concentrations of atmospheric contaminants as chlorides, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide were added, too.Fractures only were caused under conditions of crevice corrosion as in covered zones. The added contaminants and contact elements, too, did not especially influence fractures. Under the fixed test conditions the life time of the galvanized wires was reduced in relation to the uncoated and aluminized wires.
    Notes: Es wurde der Einfluß einer häufigen Schwitzwasserbeaufschlagung auf das Rißkorrosionsverhalten schwarzer, verzinkter und aluminierter Drähte für Seile untersucht. Den Korrosionszellen wurden auch Schadstoffe, u.a. Chloride, Kohlendioxid und Schwefeldioxid in praxisnahen Konzentrationen zugegeben. Brüche erfolgen nur im Bereich von Kontaktteilen, wo Spaltkorrosionseffekte wirksam werden. Für das Auftreten von Brüchen ist die Art der zusätzlichen Verunreinigungen und die Art von Kontaktelementen nicht von entscheidender Bedeutung. Unter den hier gewählten Versuchsbedingungen ist das Zeitstandverhalten der feuerverzinkten Drähte ungünstiger als jenes von schwarzen bzw. aluminierten Drähten.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19810320503
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Korrosion und Rißkorrosion bei Spannstählen (1981)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 211-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion and cracking-corrosion of prestressing steelsSummarizing report about extent and causes of damages of prestressing steels caused by hydrogen cracking-corrosion. Fundamental research of cracking-corrosion of prestressing steel. Results of cracking-corrosion tests with stressed materials in not pure water, in such moistened sand and of water condensating tests. Hereby consideration of contents of chlorides and sulfates as existing in unfilled tubes; partly little addition of the hydrogen-promotor rhodanide.Result that under practical conditions prestressing steels prefer hydrogen induced cracking-corrosion while hereby especially oxygen-poor electrolytes and local corrosion attacks (pitting scars) tend to this hydrogen reception and therefore to failure. These effects are for example often caused by the conditions of crevice-corrosion and by contact with moistened mineral phases (sands). Such is resulting that sensitive prestressing steels are exposed to the danger of failure already before being embedded with mortar.
    Notes: Zusammenfassende Darstellung über Umfang und Ursache von Schadensfällen infolge Wasserstoffrißkorrosion bei Spannstählen. Grundlagen der Rißkorrosion bei Spannstählen. Ergebnisse von Spannungsrißkorrosionsversuchen in verdünnten, wäßrigen Lösungen, in mit verdünnten Lösungen getränktem Sand und unter Schwitzwasserbeanspruchung. Dabei Berücksichtigung praxisnaher Chlorid- und Sulfatgehalte entsprechend dem Hüllrohrwasser; zum Teil Zugabe des Wasserstoffpromotors Rhodanid in geringen Konzentrationen.Feststellung, daß unter praxiskonformen Bedingungen Spannstähle am ehesten einer Wasserstoffrißkorrosion unterliegen, wobei insbesondere sauerstoffverarmte Elektrolyte und örtliche Korrosionsangriffe (Lochfraßnarben) eine Wasserstoffaufnahme und Bruchbildung fördern. Diesbezüglich wirken z. B. Spaltkorrosionseffekte, wie auch Kontakte mit lösungsgetränkten mineralischen Bestandteilen (Sand). Aufgrund der Ergebnisse muß davon ausgegangen werden, daß empfindliche Spannstähle bereits im Zeitraum der Verarbeitung hinsichtlich Wasserstoffrißkorrosion gefährdet sind.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19810320504
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemie des Bauwesens. Band 1: Anorganische Chemie. Von K. Krenkler. 494 S., 287 Abb., 11 Tab., XIX. Springer-Verlag Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1980. Geb. 88,- DM. ISBN 3-540-1010-1 (1981)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 287-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19810320611
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur chemisorptiven Wechselwirkung von Wasserstoff mit den Stahlbestandteilen Kohlenstoff und Eisen (1983)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 34 (1983), S. 102-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the chemisorptive interaction of hydrogen with the components carbon and iron of steelA tensioned steel of high tensile strength may fail while being under the influence of small amounts of hydrogen. Atomic hydrogen in the metal forms metastable complexes with inner and outer surfaces which weaken the metal-metal-bonds in the lattice. Indications of that already emerge when studying the effect of hydrogen on single iron-carbon-bonds.
    Notes: Bei einem gespannten Stahl hoher Zugfestigkeit können schon geringe eindiffundierte Wasserstoffmengen zum Versagen führen. Der Gefügezusammenhalt wird hierbei dadurch vermindert, daß atomarer Wasserstoff an inneren und äußeren Oberflächen metastabile Komplexe bildet, welche die chemischen Bindungskräfte des Metallgitters herabsetzen. Anhaltspunkte hierfür sind bereits aus der Untersuchung des Wasserstoffeinflusses auf isolierte Eisen-Kohlenstoff-und Eisen-Eisen-Bindungen zu entnehmen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19830340303
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Diffusion und Wechselwirkung von Wasserstoff in Spannstählen unterschiedlicher Wasserstoffanfälligkeit - Zusammenfassung experimenteller Werte und quantenchemischer Erkenntnisse (1983)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 34 (1983), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the diffusion and interaction of hydrogen in prestressing steels of different sensitivity against hydrogen - summarized experimental data and quantumchemical resultsInvestigation of the influence of hydrogen on prestressing steels used as building materials shows that material involved in practical damage by hydrogen-influence is characterized by a higher hydrogendiffusion coefficient already of the not tensioned material. Responsible for this is a specific influence of inner surfaces coming into existence by local material defects. Their metastable reaction with hydrogen may lead to local decohesion of the metallic bond and so cracks may be induced if the steel is tensioned.
    Notes: Die Untersuchung der Beeinflussung von baupraktischen Spannstählen durch Wasserstoff ergibt, Daß in der Praxis nachweislich infolge Wasserstoffeinwirkung schadhaftes Material durch einen gesteigerten Wasserstoff-Diffusionskoeffizienten bereits im ungespannten Zustand gekennzeichnet ist. Hierfür erweisen sich spezifische Struktureinflüsse von inneren Oberflächen mit Störstellen, selbst nur von reinen Eisenoberflächen, als entscheidend. Tritt Wasserstoff mit ihnen in Wechselwirkung, kann er allein dort örtlich den Metallzusammenhalt lockern und so beim gespannten Stahl Rißbildung ermöglichen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19830340405
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical synthesis of nanocrystalline titanium and nickel aluminides from the metal chlorides and lithium aluminum hydrideThis work was funded by an NSF-PYI award (CHE-9158369) to WEB supported by Exxon and Emerson Electric, NSF grant ECS-9119006 to SMLS and WEB, and NSF grant DMR-9403667 to MSC. JAH received a US Department of Education Fellowship through the GAANN program. (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials 8 (1996), S. 163-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19960080215
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