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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of second virial coefficients of polar gases by redlich-kwong equation of state (1980)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 26 (1980), S. 858-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690260522
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of advanced process controllers (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 793-805 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper deals with defining the relation between modeling of process units and controller design. In the process industries, it is often difficult to obtain accurate process models. It is shown that advanced algorithms such as dead-time compensators require more detailed process information for design than do with PI and PID controllers. A method is described to systematically evaluate the relation between process identification and controller design, stability, and performance. It is shown that conventional gain and phase margins do not provide proper safety margins for dead-time compensators and optimal controllers. Methods for safe design of dead-time compensators are derived, and the approach could be useful in a wide class of problems.To illustrate the approach presented, the design of PI controllers by conventional methods is analyzed. The conditions, as well as the exceptions, are specified in which methods such as described by Ziegler and Nichols or Cohen and Coon will give good results. It is shown that for any stable nonlinear system with an input/output function y = G*p(u), a linearized design function G′pd can be constructed and identified that guarantees stability and reasonable performance of the controller (Eqs. 21 and 22 and Figures 4-7) over a wide range of operating conditions. A rigorous framework for identifying the exceptions and understanding the reason why such methods work is presented.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270513
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New simultaneous modular method for calculating multistage multicomponent separation processes (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 538-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new flexible method has been developed for modelling multistage multicomponent separation processes. The method is based on the simultaneous modular approach and can be referred to as a quasilinear two-level modelling. The network is solved within each iteration as a linear one, and after each network solution the split streams are updated modularly using nonlinear submodels. The method is suited for modelling the most important separation processes with arbitrary structure and permits to use different models for the subunits or processing units. Illustrative examples and computational results are presented showing the efficiency, flexibility and capability of the method.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290404
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring cure of autoclave-molded parts by dielectric analysisPresented at the 26th National Symposium of SAMPE (Society of Advanced Materials and Process Engineering), May 1981. (1982)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 3 (1982), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of using dielectric analysis as a means of monitoring and controlling cure of large closures during autoclave molding. In dielectric analysis, the dissipation factor (DF) and capacitance (C) of the sample are continuously monitored as a function of time, temperature, and frequency. Dissipation factor profiles were established for the suppliers' recommended cure cycle and for modified cure cycles, Good reproducibility was obtained in dissipation factor profiles on subsequent scaling up to production size (7 ft · 20 ft) autoclaves. Good correlation was also observed during production runs of fullscale closures. The effects of cure variables on the dissipation factor profiles and on the mechanical properties of the prepared laminates were analyzed for extent of correlation. Results of this study show: (1) dielectric analysis can be used to monitor autoclave cure of composites, and (2) within limits, process control may be feasible.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750030203
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of aging and moisture on the reactivity of a graphite epoxy prepreg (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 474-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of moisture on the curing reaction of Hercules 3501-6/AS graphite-epoxy prepreg was investigated. Test samples of prepreg were aged under humid conditions, while control samples were aged under identical temperature conditions but with negligible humidity. Determinations of the amounts of moisture absorbed and desorbed fom the samples were accomplished gravimetrically. Dielectric analysis was used to monitor the relative reaction rates and overall activation energies of the prepreg after various aging periods. Changes taking place in monomer concentrations were observed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As aging continued, samples aged under humid conditions displayed, significant decrease in the overall activation energy accompanied by increased reaction rates. This change did not occur in the control samples. Samples aged in high humidity showed increased conversion of monomers to polymer when compared to dry aged samples. The aging time required before the above changes became apparent was temperature dependent; the higher the aging temperature, the sooner the changes in reactivity occurred.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760210807
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residence time distribution in a real single screw extruder (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 1194-1202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The residence time distribution in an industrial single screw extruder was investigated experimentally in the case of melt and plasticating extrusion. The investigations performed proved that the extrusion parameters influence strongly the residence time distribution in the extruder. It was found that the resistance to flow through the die-head of the extruder is very important from this point of view, as well as other parameters like rotational speed of the screw and the screw channel depth. Variation of these parameters can change the residence time distribution over a broad range between the extreme idealized cases of plug flow and flow with perfect mixing. In order to obtain quantitative dependences three moduli were used and a correlation equation was obtained. This equation enables an estimation of residence time distribution on the basis of experimental characteristics of the extruder and the actual extrusion parameters.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760211804
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The principles of pipe-line design for molten poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1982)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 22 (1982), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The flow of molten poly(ethylene terephthalate) in pipes is discussed. The considerations made are based on the results of previous investigations by the authors, concerning the rheological behavior of the melt which exhibits thermal degradation. A procedure is proposed which enables the design of a pipe-line system for the distribution of molten, spinnable poly(ethylene terephthalate) in a fiber plant to be made.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760220302
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    General treatment of polymer crystallization kinetics - Part 2. The kinetics of nonisothermal crystallization (1984)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 1402-1408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The isothermal macrokinetic equation of polymer crystallization has been generalized to cover nonisothermal situations as well. The process of nonisothermal crystallization of poly(caproamide) has been studied experimentally. It is shown that the macrokinetic equation of the autocatalytic type can be used to solve both direct and inverse problems of nonisothermal polymer crystallization. Use of the inverse approach has made it possible to establish the value of the constants of the new kinetic equation. The general statement of the problem of nonisothermal crystallization of polymers in an inhomogeneous temperature field is considered. Inhomogeneous temperature and conversion fields have been calculated for model products of different sizes and configurations.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760241806
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear viscoelastic response in two dimensions - numerical modeling and experimental verification (1984)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 1409-1416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Recently we developed a nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model which called the Phases Model (PHM) [10]. The main advantages of the PHM over existing nonlinear viscoelastic models are that it lends itself to simple, straightforward calibration of the material functions, and that it is naturally suitable to step-by-step computer simulation. In this paper we apply the PHM to two dimensional (2-D) situations. To this end, we've developed a 2-D finite difference code in cylindrical geometry which is based on the PHM. We demonstrate the validity of our modeling by applying the code to a 2-D set-up developed for this purpose. The 2-D specimen is in the form of a disc of the test material compressed between two rigid metal anvils by a velocity-controlled Instron machine. We monitor the response of the viscoelastic disc in terms of the overall axial force history, and the axial stress component at the disc center. We get good agreement between theory and experiment.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760241807
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Batch polymerization of styrene-optimal temperature historiesThis paper was presented at the 1980 Annual Meeting, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Chicago, III. (November 1980). (1982)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 22 (1982), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Optimal temperature histories for the batch thermal polymerization of styrene are determined using Pontryagin's maximum principle. The theoretical predictions are compared with experimental measurements of conversion and molecular weight distribution. The excellent agreement suggests policy improvements in batch radical chain growth polymerizations.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760220102
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