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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring cure of autoclave-molded parts by dielectric analysisPresented at the 26th National Symposium of SAMPE (Society of Advanced Materials and Process Engineering), May 1981. (1982)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 3 (1982), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of using dielectric analysis as a means of monitoring and controlling cure of large closures during autoclave molding. In dielectric analysis, the dissipation factor (DF) and capacitance (C) of the sample are continuously monitored as a function of time, temperature, and frequency. Dissipation factor profiles were established for the suppliers' recommended cure cycle and for modified cure cycles, Good reproducibility was obtained in dissipation factor profiles on subsequent scaling up to production size (7 ft · 20 ft) autoclaves. Good correlation was also observed during production runs of fullscale closures. The effects of cure variables on the dissipation factor profiles and on the mechanical properties of the prepared laminates were analyzed for extent of correlation. Results of this study show: (1) dielectric analysis can be used to monitor autoclave cure of composites, and (2) within limits, process control may be feasible.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750030203
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of density and structure on load bearing and permeability characteristics of a family of shock mitigating phenolic foams (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 333-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of reaction rate and density on the properties of the phenolic foam described in the first paper were studied. Process and formulation variables were examined through altering the basic chemical composition described below, in which all parts are by weight; phenolic resin two component intermediate, 200 parts; hydrophilic surfactant, 0.25 parts; lipophilic surfactant, 0.50 parts; fluorocarbon blowing agent, 12 parts; 47.5 wt % sulfuric acid, 25 parts; and 80 wt % phosphoric acid, 15 parts. Compressive stress values at 20% deflection were utilized for comparing the effects of the studied parameters on the load bearing cabability of the foam. Pressure drop of air flowing through the foam was employed as a measure of the permeability or breathability. Permeability load bearing functions were identified as a potential means for optimizing the relationship between breathability and compression-deflection characteristics. The overall effects of cell structure on the relationship between load bearing and density have been related in a qualitative manner.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230204
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of composition and processing conditions on the properties of a series of shock mitigating phenolic foams (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 341-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of variations in the chemical composition and processing conditions of the series of phenolic foams described in the two previous papers were studied. Compressive stiffness and density increased with increasing concentrations of the acid catalysts, the slower reacting phenolic resin component, water, the lipophilic component of the surfactant system, and age of the phenolic resins. These properties decreased with increasing concentration of the fluorocarbon blowing agent and process temperature. The compressive stiffness and density increased to a maximum and then decreased with increasing concentrations of the hydrophilic surfactant. Permeability or “breathability” of the foam decreased with the hydrophilic surfactant at low concentrations and then became essentially independent of further increases of this component. Increasing concentrations of the lipophilic surfactant gave foam having greater breathability. In all other cases the permeability of the foam decreased as its density increased. Effects of the variations in processing and composition on the dependency of load bearing upon density, on relationships between permeability and density and permeability and compressive stiffness, and upon cell structures are also described.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230205
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical and processing requirements for a shock mitigating phenolic foam (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 325-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A high load-bearing shock-mitigating phenolic foam was developed to meet specific compression-deflection and gas permeability requirements. It was required that the foam display an almost constant compressive stress within the limits of 50-68 psi at strains ranging from 10% to 60%. Furthermore, the foam had to possess a highly open-celled structure so that its resistance to gas flow would be minimal. These properties were obtained from a chemical formulation utilizing a combination of two phenolic resins, a phosphoric-sulfuric acid catalyst system, a surfactant combination that included both a hydrophilic and a lipophilic surfactant, and a fluorocarbon blowing agent.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230203
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term stiffening of neoprene pads for the Poseidon missile launch system (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 559-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In a previous paper1 the development of neoprene formulations and mechanical designs to meet operational requirements for the Poseidon launch tube liner pads were presented. Subsequently, it was found that early development pads aged for three months at room temperature were ∼10% stiffer than the vendor's qualification compression-deflection (C—D) test values. The increase was attributed to a combination of normal elastomer recovery and continued crosslinking due to the original low state of cure of the pads. A program was designed to study the effect of postcure time and temperature on C—D recovery, the effect of carbon black loading on the C—D recovery, and room temperature and accelerated aging at elevated temperature on these effects. Values of the molecular weight between crosslinks (M̄c) were determined experimentally to establish the state of cure. The results of these experiments are presented and discussed. Recommendations are given for reducing C—D variation by modifying carbon black loading and/or postcure conditions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1972.070160303
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