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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of manganin stress gauges for determining rarefaction wave velocities at high pressures (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 3107-3109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this paper we suggest and demonstrate the usefulness of thin manganin stress gauges as time-of-arrival sensors to determine the longitudinal sound speed of solids at high shock pressures. We use an experimental configuration which is identical to that recently developed by Los Alamos researchers in which optical analyzers record the thermal radiation emitted by transparent materials at the back of the specimen. In our technique, manganin gauges are placed at the back of a stepped specimen disk and backed by thick epoxy disks. A thin flyer disk is launched towards this instrumented target and the stress-time histories at the various stations are recorded. The overtake distance is determined from the gauges' records from which we determine the longitudinal sound velocity at high pressures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138998
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A radiochemical assay for N^5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid (citrovorum factor) in serum and urine
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 94 (1979), S. 483-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(79)90392-0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The response of manganin gauges to multiple-shock loading (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 1584-1586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The response of piezoresistance stress gauges to multiple-shock loading is discussed in terms of the elastoplastic model for their dynamic response. It is argued that their response to a second (or third) shock wave should not depend on previous shocks and should only depend on the amplitude of these consecutive shocks. In order to substantiate these arguments we performed double- and triple-impact experiments in which the impactors were composed of two (or three) metallic disks separated by 0.2-mm gaps. Symmetric experiments in which the shock waves were of equal amplitude resulted in an equal response of the gauge for each shock. Another type of impactor, with thin aluminum disks separated by 0.2 mm from thicker copper disks, resulted in higher second shocks. The response of the gauges to these higher shocks were equal to those obtained by single shocks with the same amplitudes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341791
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measuring sound velocities along release adiabats with Manganin stress gauges (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 991-993 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We propose a new technique to measure the state of shock-loaded specimens along their release adiabats. The technique is based on symmetric impacts of equal thickness flyer and target disks. A Manganin stress gauge is embedded at the back of the target and backed by a thick Plexiglas disk. The stresses at the specimen–Plexiglas interface are relieved in a stepwise manner which is typical for this type of experiment. From the time duration between consecutive release waves one can determine the sound speed in the released specimen. Drastic changes in sound speed, as in melting, can be detected by these time durations adding more information on the state of the specimen as it unloads from very high shock stresses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139768
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct measurements of strain in shock-loaded glass specimens (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 3971-3974 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Direct measurements of the uniaxial strain behind wave fronts in shock-loaded glass specimens reveal several new aspects of their dynamic response. The measurements have been achieved by embedding longitudinal strain gauges in the shocked specimen in such a way that gauge length is along the shock propagation direction. Following the resistance changes of the gauges, we were able to find differences in the loading characteristics below and above the Hugoniot elastic limit of the glass, measure residual strains when shocked above this limit, and find interesting aspects of the strain histories behind the failure wave fronts. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361825
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-speed photography of compressive failure waves in glasses (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 3736-3739 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A mechanism for the compressive failure of soda-lime and borosilicate glasses is proposed based upon high-speed photography of impact on glasses. Shock loading was produced by the impact of a 50 mm diameter projectile so inducing shock states of one-dimensional strain in glass targets. The shock waves and failure fronts were visualised using the shadowgraph technique. The failure appeared to occur at discrete nucleation sites and propagated out to form a continuous front. The velocity of this front increased with higher impact stresses and varied with the glass composition. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360709
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comment on "Equation of state of aluminum nitride and its shock response'' [J. Appl. Phys. 76, 4077 (1994)] (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 5854-5856 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A recent article by Dandekar, Abbate, and Frankel [J. Appl. Phys. 76, 4077 (1994)] reviews existing data on high-pressure properties of aluminum nitride (AlN) in an effort to build an equation of state for this material. A rather large portion of that article is devoted to the shear strength of AlN and, in particular, to our data of 1991 with longitudinal and lateral stress gauges [Z. Rosenberg, N. S. Brar, and S. J. Bless, J. Appl. Phys. 70, 167 (1991)]. Since our highest data point has an error of 1 GPa, much of the discussion and conclusions of Dandekar and co-workers are not relevant once this error in data reduction is corrected. We also discuss the relevance of our shear strength data for various issues, such as the phase transformation of AlN at 20 GPa and the general shape of Hugoniot curves for brittle solids. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359620
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the shear strength of shock loaded brittle solids (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 1543-1546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We propose a new approach to analyze the response of brittle materials to shock loading. Our analysis is based on assuming that these materials obey Griffith's criterion for failure under pressure. This criterion leads to an explicit relationship between the shear strength of the shocked solid and the pressure behind the shock front. The agreement between this relation and direct measurements of shear strength, on shock loaded titanium-diboride, is very good. Moreover, several discrepancies between different sets of data, concerning shock loaded alumina, are removed by applying the new interpretation for the response of brittle solids to shock waves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357731
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accounting for the Hugoniot elastic limits of polymers by using pressure-dependent yield criterion (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 1935-1936 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A factor of over 20 is measured between the Hugoniot elastic limits (HEL) of some polymers and their static shear strengths as measured under 1D stress conditions. This factor is too large to be accounted for by strain rate effects. In the present work we derive a new relation between the HEL and the shear strength which is based on a pressure-dependent yield criterion (like the Mohr–Coulomb criterion). The agreement between the experimental value for HEL of Plexiglas and its compressive yield strength is very good, strongly supporting our approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357680
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spall strength of alumina ceramics (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 734-738 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The response to plate impact loading of three aluminas with varying glass content and porosity has been investigated. Spall strengths have been shown to be dependent on the amplitude and duration of the compression pulse which precedes the tensile loading, but insensitive to the rate of release. Some tensile strength is measured in impacts where the Hugoniot elastic limit has been exceeded. The effect of the material microstructure on the dynamic tensile strength has also been studied. Low porosity aluminas with many microstructural irregularities were found to possess the lowest spall strengths. Experimental values compare well with those predicted by an energy balance theory developed by Grady [J. Mech. Phys. Solids 36, 353 (1988)]. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368130
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