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  • 1
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    Critical population density triggers rapid formation of vast oceanic fish shoals (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: Similarities in the behavior of diverse animal species that form large groups have motivated attempts to establish general principles governing animal group behavior. It has been difficult, however, to make quantitative measurements of the temporal and spatial behavior of extensive animal groups in the wild, such as bird flocks, fish shoals, and locust swarms. By quantifying the formation processes of vast oceanic fish shoals during spawning, we show that (i) a rapid transition from disordered to highly synchronized behavior occurs as population density reaches a critical value; (ii) organized group migration occurs after this transition; and (iii) small sets of leaders significantly influence the actions of much larger groups. Each of these findings confirms general theoretical predictions believed to apply in nature irrespective of animal species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Makris, Nicholas C -- Ratilal, Purnima -- Jagannathan, Srinivasan -- Gong, Zheng -- Andrews, Mark -- Bertsatos, Ioannis -- Godo, Olav Rune -- Nero, Redwood W -- Jech, J Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1734-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1169441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. makris@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Behavior, Animal ; Ecosystem ; Fishes/*physiology ; Population Density ; Reproduction ; Spatial Behavior ; *Swimming ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Two pairs of neurons in the central brain control Drosophila innate light preference (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2010-10-23
    Description: Appropriate preferences for light or dark conditions can be crucial for an animal's survival. Innate light preferences are not static in some animals, including the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, which prefers darkness in the feeding larval stage but prefers light in adulthood. To elucidate the neural circuit underlying light preference, we examined the neurons involved in larval phototactic behavior by regulating neuronal functions. Modulating activity of two pairs of isomorphic neurons in the central brain switched the larval light preference between photophobic and photophilic. These neurons were found to be immediately downstream of pdf-expressing lateral neurons, which are innervated by larval photoreceptors. Our results revealed a neural mechanism that could enable the adjustment of animals' response strategies to environmental stimuli according to biological needs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gong, Zhefeng -- Liu, Jiangqu -- Guo, Chao -- Zhou, Yanqiong -- Teng, Yan -- Liu, Li -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 22;330(6003):499-502. doi: 10.1126/science.1195993.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China. zfgong@moon.ibp.ac.cn〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20966250" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*radiation effects ; Brain/cytology/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology/growth & development/*radiation effects ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Larva/physiology/radiation effects ; *Light ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Origin of anomalous subsidence along the northern South China Sea Margin and its relationship to dynamic topography (2006)
    In:  Marine and Petroleum Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Mantle induced dynamic topography may have a significant effect on the accomodation space in sedimentary basins, especially close to “slab burial grounds”, but its magnitude and relevance is controversial. We use five Cenozoic stratigraphic sections and 56 wells from the northern South China Sea margin to assess all mechanisms contributing to Late Tertiary tectonic subsidence in this area and to ground-truth the dynamic topography output of a mantle convection model. The computed dynamic topography decreases on average by about 300 m from 20 Ma to the present in the northern South China Sea area. Post-rift anomalous subsidence is computed as the discrepancy between observed and predicted post-rift subsidence based on modeling exponential thermal cooling following earlier lithospheric thinning events. In shallow water areas its magnitude is similar to that predicted by the mantle convection model, confirming that the change in dynamic topography through time since 20 Ma agrees well with subsidence unaccounted for by a conventional rift model. However, this mechanism does not explain the rapid increase of anomalous subsidence towards the deep water areas in the Qiongdongnan and Pearl River Mouth basins. In the deep water (〉500 m) part of the Qiongdongnan and Pearl River Mouth basins, post-rift anomalous subsidence ranges from 900 to 1200 m, whereas in the continental shelf area of the basins it ranges from 700 to 300 m and decreases landwards, to less than 250 m in the Beibuwan Basin. This rapid subsidence event, preceded by minor uplift, is interpreted as a thermal cooling episode induced by a late magmatic event. In the Yinggehai Basin anomalous subsidence during the post-rift stage is about 300–500 m in the northwestern part of the basin, substantially less than that in the middle and southeastern parts, where it ranges from 900 to 1200 m. The distinct subsidence anomaly in the Yinggehai Basin may originate from a combination of the dextral movement of marginal faults since the Late Miocene and the effect of dynamic topography.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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