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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nonhistone chromosomal proteins of vertebrate liver and kidney: A comparative study by gel electrophoresis (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 5 (1975), S. 87-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Chromosomal Proteins ; Nonhistone Chromosomal Proteins ; Histones ; Vertebrate Evolution ; SDS Gel Electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nonhistone chromosomal proteins (NHC proteins) probably include enzymes of chromosomal metabolism, general structural proteins, and possibly control elements. In theory, these proteins may have been strongly conserved during evolution, as the histones have. We have used sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) disc gel electrophoresis to analyze and compare the NHC proteins of two tissues, liver and kidney, from rat, cat, cow, chicken, turtle, and frog. The gel patterns indicate that the NHC proteins have changed much more during evolution than have the histones; the total pattern of NHC proteins has not been conserved. However, there does appear to be a conservation of a subset of bands for each tissue investigated. Further chemical analysis will be required to establish the significance of the results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01732514
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of theQ8/9 d gene by T cells of the mouse (1989)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 30 (1989), S. 156-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract TheQ genes, specifying Qa antigens and situated in the extended part of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the mouse, comprise a subgroup of MHC class I genes whose significance and function are still largely unknown. In screening a cDNA library made from the BALB/c inducer T-cell line Cl.Ly1-T1, we isolated 11 clones representingQ8/9, but none representingQ6 orQ7. Confirmatory evidence is given that theQ8/9 gene originated from fusion of the 5′ region of theQ8 gene with the 3′ region of theQ9 gene at a recombination site or hot spot in the vicinity of intron 4. Contrary to previous impressions thatQ8/9 is an inert pseudogene, we find that theQ8/9 gene can be functional and encode a Qa-2,3 antigen. One variety of the 11 Q8/9 clones isolated lacked exon 5, which encodes the transmembrane domain of class I glycoproteins, and thus may account for secretion of a soluble form of Qa-2,3 antigen thought to be released by activated T cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02421200
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the mouse Tcra-V22 gene subfamily (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 44 (1996), S. 432-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  T-cell receptors (Tcrs) of higher organisms play a key role in the specific recognition of self and non-self molecules in the immune system. The large number of Tcr variable (V) genes have been organized into V gene subfamilies according to their sequence similarity at the nucleotide and amino acid level. We cloned and characterized four new members of the Tcra-V22 gene subfamily at the genomic level using a simple and sensitive technique that can rapidly clone members of any multi-member gene family. Sequence analysis reveals that the four Tcra-V22 gene subfamily members have more than 98% sequence similarity in their coding regions, at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. However, the intron between the leader and the coding region varies up to 7% between members of the Tcra-V22 gene subfamily. Comparison of the multi-member Tcra-V22 gene subfamily with other multi-member Tcra-V gene subfamilies (V2, V8, and V11), shows that Tcra-V22 is unique in that it has multiple members with nearly identical amino acid sequence and which are not inherently pseudogenes. Sequence similarity analysis of the Tcra-V22 subfamily with the prototypes of all other Tcra-V subfamilies revealed that the Tcra-V22 subfamily has the closest sequence similarity to that of Tcra-V18 (77% at the nucleotide level and 71% at the amino acid level).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050149
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the mouse T-cell receptor gene families (1989)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 29 (1989), S. 191-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) found in the germline T-cell receptor genes of 25 inbred Mus musculus strains and 8 wild Mus species. Included in the inbred mice tested were several strains which spontaneously develop systemic autoimmune disease. Extensive polymorphism was evident for the variable (V) gene segments of the α gene family for both the inbred strains and wild mouse species. Changes in the total number of bands hybridizing with probes for V α gene segments suggest that members of a V α gene segment subfamily are not closely linked, but are interspersed with members of other subfamilies; that expansion and contraction of the multimembered subfamilies may be an important diversifying factor. Our data obtained with β gene probes revealed genomic diversity that is much more limited than that seen for the α locus. Analysis of inbred mice with probes for the γ gene locus revealed some RFLPs, but little evidence of expansion or contraction in the numbers of gene segments. Among the autoimmune mice, NZW, NZB, and BXSB/MpJ all display distinctive differences with α gene probes. NZW mice have a large deletion of the β gene family, which has been reported previously. We found no differences to distinguish the MRL/MpJ lpr/lpr mice from non-autoimmune strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373645
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peptide map analysis of mutant transplantation antigens (1979)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 8 (1979), S. 551-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract H-2K antigens from two histocompatibility mutants, M506 (H-2Kfa) and M523 (H-2Kka) and from their parental strains, A.CA (H-2kf) and CBA (H-2Kk), are compared by ion exchange chromatography of tryptic peptides. Both mutant molecules differ from their parental counterparts by only one or two peptides. These results are discussed with reference to the alterations in serological and biological properties exhibited by the two mutations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01561464
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Revised nomenclature of mouseH-2 genes (1990)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 32 (1990), S. 147-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02114967
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid cloning of any rearranged mouse immunoglobulin variable genes (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 43 (1996), S. 141-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunoglobulins (Ig) have been the focus of extensive study for several decades and have become an important research area for immunologists and molecular biologist. The use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology has accelerated the cloning, sequencing, and characterization of genes of the immune system. However, cloning and sequencing the Ig variable (V) genes using the PCR technology has been a challenging task, primarily due to the very diverse nature of Ig V region genes. We have developed a simple, rapid, and reproducible PCR-based technique to clone any rearranged mouse Ig heavy or light chain genes. A close examination of all Ig heavy and light chain V gene families has resulted in the design of 5′ and 3′ universal primers from regions that are highly conserved across all heavy or light chain V gene families, and the joining or constant regions, respectively. We present our strategy for designing universal primers for Ig V gene families. These primers were able to rapidly amplify the rearranged Ig V genes, belonging to diverse Ig V gene families from very different cell lines, i.e., J558, MOPC-21, 36–60, and a chicken ovalbumin specific B-cell hybridoma. In addition, the present study provides the complete alignment of nucleotide sequences of all heavy and light chain variable gene families. This powerful method of cloning Ig V genes, therefore, allows rapid and precise analysis of B-cell hybridomas, B-cell repertoire, and B-cell ontogeny.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176675
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T-cell receptor Vbeta deletion and Valpha polymorphism are responsible for the resistance of SWR mouse to arthritis induction (1999)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 49 (1999), S. 764-772 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Animal model ; Arthritis ; Autoimmune disease ; T-cell receptor polymorphism ; Transgenic mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Collagen type II-induced arthritis (CIA) develops in susceptible mouse strains after intradermal injections of type II collagen (CII) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Susceptibility to CIA in mice is linked to genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Although the SWR mouse has a susceptible MHC haplotype (H2 q ), it is resistant to CIA. SWR exhibits at least two known immunological defects: (1) it contains a germline deletion of about 50% of T-cell receptor (TCR) Vβ-chain gene segments, and (2) SWR is deficient in complement component C5. It has been shown that T cells that express TCRVα11.1 and TCRVβ8.2 play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of arthritis in the DBA/1 mouse (H2 q ). We generated SWR transgenic (tg) mice to determine whether the expression of pathogenic Vα11.1 and/or Vβ8.2 transgenes would confer arthritis susceptibility. Arthritis was induced in the SWR TCRαβ tg mice, but not in SWR TCRβ tg mice. To address the role of Vα11.1 in arthritis susceptibility, we examined the allelic polymorphisms of the Tcra-V11-gene subfamily members between the arthritis susceptible DBA/1 mouse and the arthritis-resistant SWR mouse strain. The amino acid sequences of the Vα11.1 alleles differ at two positions (codons 18 and 68). Accordingly, these two amino acid changes are sufficient to allow the production of pathogenic T cells in SWR mice. This is the first demonstration of the association of a particular Tcra-V allele and arthritis susceptibility in mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050550
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apoptosis in fatal Ebola infection. Does the virus toll the bell for immune system? (2000)
    Springer
    Apoptosis 5 (2000), S. 5-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-675X
    Keywords: Apoptosis ; cytokines ; cytotoxic T cells ; Ebola virus ; macrophages.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In fatal Ebola virus hemorrhagic fever massive intravascular apoptosis develops rapidly following infection and progressing relentlessly until death. While data suggest that T lymphocytes are mainly deleted by apoptosis in PBMC of human fatal cases, experimental Ebola infection in animal models have shown some evidence of destruction of lymphocytes in spleen and lymph nodes probably involving both T and B cells. Nevertheless, we are able to conclude from the accumulated evidence that early interactions between Ebola virus and the immune system, probably via macrophages, main targets for viral replication, lead to massive destruction of immune cells in fatal cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009657006550
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic effects of inorganic and organic mercury onDaphnia magna: Toxicity, accumulation, and loss (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 11 (1982), S. 769-774 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The chronic toxicity of mercury (Hg) toDaphnia magna was studied under flow-through and renewed static conditions. Concentrations of mercuric chloride (HgCl2), methyl mercuric chloride (MMC) and phenyl mercuric acetate (PMA) in flow-through tests significantly affecting survival were 1.92, between 0.26 and 0.98, and 2.25μg Hg/L, respectively. Concentrations of HgCl2, MMC, and PMA significantly impairing young production (P⩽0.05) were 0.72, 0.04, and 1.90μg Hg/L, respectively. Body accumulation of mercury was greatly influenced by the chemical form of mercury in the water. About nine times more mercury, added as MMC, was tolerated in daphnids at water concentrations permitting survival than was tolerated when added as HgCl2. At about the same mercury concentration in water (∼0.26μg Hg/L) daphnids accumulated ∼20 times more mercury when it was added as MMC than when it was added as HgCl2. Mercury was rapidly accumulated in daphnids; however, 35 and 57% of the mercury added as MMC and HgCl2, respectively, was lost when animals were placed in control water for four days following exposure. Different forms of mercury behaved quite differently in renewed-static and flow-through systems. The results also indicate the shortcomings of renewed-static tests with volatile and readily degradable compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01059166
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