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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Algebra universalis 34 (1995), S. 336-344 
    ISSN: 1420-8911
    Keywords: Critical algebra ; congruence-permutable variety
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this note we show that if two critical algebras generate the same congruence-permutable variety, then the varieties generated by their proper sections also coincide.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Algebra universalis 17 (1983), S. 227-262 
    ISSN: 1420-8911
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper gives characterisations of properties of varieties such as congruence-distributivity (CD), filtrality (FI), CD and having complemented principal congruences — these last two properties are shown to be equivalent- and having restricted equationally definable principal congruences (REDPC), in terms of the existence of some kind of polynomials. These are generalisations both of Jónsson's famous theorem characterizing CD as well as results concerning the (dual) discriminator. The methods are applied to show that REDPC implies CD, which was a problem asked in [2]. A generalisation of the concept of the Mal'cev condition — the so called Pixley-condition — is defined, and it is shown that filtrality and REDPC are Pixley-conditions. The relations between several concepts connected with the above ones are also investigated. The definitions can be found in section 2, and the results are contained in section 4, section 5, and section 6. We call attention to the figure at the end of the paper, which contains most of our results and gives a survey of the concepts examined.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 48 (1974), S. 33-43 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Chemical analyses of over seventy lavas or dykes containing spinel lherzolite inclusions of high pressure mineralogy, show that most host magmas are of alkali olivine basalt or basanite composition with relatively rare olivine nephelinites, and olivine melilitites. The 100 Mg/Mg+Fe++ ratios of host magmas display a strong maximum at about Mg70 consistent with partial melting of source peridotite with olivine of Fo88–90. In contrast to these primary magmas, there occur some host magmas with 100 Mg/Mg+Fe++〈60 and with chemical compositions resembling those of classical hawaiite, mugearite, and nepheline benmoreite magmas. It is inferred that these magmas have been produced by crystal fractionation, within the upper mantle, of parental basanites or alkali olivine basalts. The presence of kaersutitic hornblende xenocrysts accompanying the lherzolite inclusions, and the nature of the chemical variation between associated basanites and nepheline benmoreites suggests that crystal fractionation has been dominated by kaersutitic hornblende, together with olivine and, in some cases, probably clinopyroxene. The mantle-derived nepheline benmoreite magmas also show similarities to some plutonic nepheline syenites.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plant regeneration from callus of intergeneric hybrid Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. x Bromus inermis Leyss cv. nanus (AGROMUS) was carried out on a new culture medium designated medium-F. Within 21 days of the plating of inflorescence primordia the initiated callus showed globular structures. From the 21st day of culture, one step plant regeneration occurred on the callus without subculture. The new basal medium reported in this work was effective in callus initiation and plant regeneration of the hybrid AGROMUS by (i) the reduction of the total ion strength (2.6 g/l, 22.5 mM) of macroelements compared to MS (4.5 g/l,45.2 mM), (ii) the use of NH4NO3 as the sole N-source, and (iii) the application of KH2PO4 at an 8 times higher concentration (1160 mg/l,8.5 mM) when compared to the Murashige and Skoog medium composition. This medium provided a 2 to 10 fold reduction in the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid supplement needed for the callus initiation and one step plant regeneration after a gibberellic acid (2 mg/l, for 5 days) pretreatment of tillers. The regenerated plantlets were subcultured in multi-shoot culture and potted in soil to grow for further analysis.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental management 21 (1997), S. 185 -196 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: KEY WORDS: Human impact; Land cover; Net primary productivity; Organic carbon in soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Keywords Rice ; Herbicide resistance ; In vitro selection ; Phosphinothricin ; Glutamine synthetase ; Abbreviationsbar: Bialaphos resistance gene ; GA3: Gibberellic acid ; GM: Germination medium (Toldi et al. 1994) ; GS: Glutamin synthetase ; MS: Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium ; N6: Chu (1978) medium ; PAT: Phosphinothricin acetyltransferase ; PPT: l-Phosphinothricin ; R0 plants: In vitro regenerated plants originating from tissue culture ; R1 plants: Progeny of R0 plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A novel procedure has been developed to produce rice (Oryza sativa L.) tolerant to the herbicide phosphinothricin (PPT) by means of in vitro selection. First, sublethal and lethal concentrations of PPT on 7-day-old seedlings were determined and morphogenetic events in response to the PPT treatment evaluated. Differentiation of 6–30 microshoots on 5–40% of the treated plant material was observed on a hormone-free culture medium supplemented with a sublethal concentration of PPT. We proved that PPT is morphogenetically active, similar to the action of many other herbicides, showing cytokinin-like effects in rice tissue culture. Fertile plants were grown from those microshoots having PPT tolerance under greenhouse conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the production of rice plants tolerant to this herbicide without genetic transformation. Since PPT is a competitive inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS), total GS activity in PPT-tolerant and PPT-sensitive plants was examined comprehensively in order to decide whether this enzyme has any role in PPT tolerance. An elevated GS activity was detected in PPT-tolerant plant material which could result in an elevated PPT tolerance at unchanged concentrations of the herbicide.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three main types of callus have been selected from seeds of salt marsh grass(Puccinellia limosa (Schur.) Holmbg.) subcultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin. Callus type I differentiated only occasionally. Callus type II produced roots but no shoots under all tested culture conditions. Both green (47 %) and albino plants have been obtained from the embryogenic callus type III. Callus type III was divided into two subtypes (greening and non-greening) according to the presence or absence of green spots. Separated greening embryogenic callus gave up to 87 % green plants, whereas non-greening callus produced only 4 %.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Semigroup forum 15 (1977), S. 183-184 
    ISSN: 1432-2137
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 260 (1982), S. 808-810 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Dynamic contact angle ; immiscible liquid/liquid displacement ; tertiary oil recovery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In order to simulate microscopic processes that may occur during tertiary oil recovery, capillary tubes of glass, polyethylene and polyurethane withperiodically varying cross-section were prepared, and the displacement of highern-alkanes by aqueous solutions of sodium-dodecylsulfate was studied by means of microphotography. Investigated was the influence of the surfactant concentration, the flow velocity and the viscosity ratio of the two fluids on the dynamic contact angle and the distribution of the “oil” in the pores. It was found that both the extent of the hydrodynamically trapped oil and the way it occurs depends on the local geometry.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 74 (1987), S. 113-119 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: PEO surface grafting ; ESCA characterization ; polyethyleneoxide surface ; aldehyde-amine coupling ; minimal protein adsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A hydrophilic, non-ionic surface was prepared by grafting polyethyleneoxide (PEO) onto polyethylene (PE) and mica substrates. Monofunctional PEO-aldehyde was coupled by means of reductive amination to primary and secondary amino groups of polyethyleneimine (PEI) adsorbed on oxidized polyethylene (PE) and on mica. Optimum values of the reaction parameters influencing the reductive amination in this heterogeneous system were sought in order to achieve complete coverage of the surface by covalently linked PEO chains. Carrying out the coupling reaction at 60 °C, pH 6 and ck 2 so 4 over 40 h resulted in a PEO surface characterized by a maximal ESCA — C-O-/-CH2-ratio and, simultaneously, complete wetting by water. A PEO surface with a high degree of coverage was also obtained by means of adsorption from solution of a PEO-amine compound on mica.
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