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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age Determinations of Rocks in the Lizard (Cornwall) Area (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 192 (1961), S. 1175-1176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Potassium-argon measurements have now been made on five hornblendes collected from the Kennack Gneiss (96392), the regionally metamorphosed Landewednack Hornblende Schist (96389, 96396) and the dynamothermal aureole of the peridotite (96394, 96395). The argon measurements were made by the method of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1921175a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary Age-Determinations in the Lizard Area (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 191 (1961), S. 159-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Four muscovite samples from the Old Lizard Head series and two samples of biotite from the Kennack gneiss have been measured, using the total volume technique. Determinations of potassium oxide were made using a flame photometer. Results are shown in Table 1. Overall errors are estimated at ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/191159a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental Investigations Bearing on the Nature of the Mohorovičić Discontinuity (1964)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 201 (1964), S. 566-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE hypothesis that the Mohorovi?i? Discontinuity (Moho) might be caused by a phase change from basalt to eclogite has been widely discussed during recent years1?3. Evaluation of this hypothesis has been impeded by the paucity of experimental data on the nature of the transition. We have recently ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/201566a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly Undersaturated Rocks in Upper Mantle Conditions (1970)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 226 (1970), S. 748-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1. COMPOSITION OF THE SYNTHETIC OLIVINE NEPHELINITE GLASS USED IN THE EXPERIMENTAL WORK Si02 44-3 CIPW norm Ti02 1-5 Or 6-1 A1203 14-2 Ab 2-0 FeaOa 0-5 Ne 15-3 FeO 9-7 An 19-4 MnO 0-2 Bi 26-4 MgO 13-3 01 25-9 CaO 11-2 Ap 1-3 Na2O K20 3-6 1-0 11 Mt ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/226748a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical mechanical behavior in the fluid/solid transition of suspensions (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 3087-3089 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Velocity and attenuation measurements of compressional waves at 3 and 5 MHz, as a function of solid volume concentration, are reported for different suspensions. The suspensions were made of 1 μm size particles of kaolinite or glass beads in water or light oil. At a volume concentration of 40%, a sharp peak in attenuation accompanied by a change in velocity is observed. The volume concentration at which this peak occurs is independent of frequency and particle geometry. The observed critical change in attenuation around 40% is consistent with an excess attenuation induced by the fluid-shearing processes between neighboring particles, and corresponds to the jamming point concentration predicted by particle packing simulations. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114873
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of bulk rock composition on the stability of amphibole in the upper mantle: Implications for solidus positions and mantle metasomatism (1991)
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 44 (1991), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Stabilität pargasitischer Amphibole im oberen Mantel ist eine Funktion von Wassergehalt und Gesamtgesteins-Zusammensetzung. Unter wasser-untersättigten Bedingungen, kontrolliert die Stabilität von Amphibol die Solidus-Position. Experimente in dem System “Tinaquillo Peridotit +0,2% H2O”, einem refraktären Peridotit unter wasser-untersättigten Bedingungen, zeigen daß Amphibol bis 1030°C und 26 Kb stabil ist. Im Gegensatz dazu ist pargasitische Hornblende in einem Hawaii-Pyrolit, von mehr fertiler Peridotit-Zuammensetzung, bis 1150°C und 30 Kb stabil. Das zeigt, daß bei wasser-untersättigten Bedingungen der am meisten produktive Teil eines kristallisierenden Mantel-Diapirs mit inhomogener Zusammensetzung sich zuerst verfestigen wird, während eine mehr refraktäre Komponente eine alkali-reiche Schmelze enthalten wird, die wiederum die Fähigkeit hat, umliegende Bereiche metasomatisch zu beeinflussen. Die relativen Stabilitäten von Amphibol in refraktären und fertilen Gesamtzusammensetzungen können dazu führen, daß die chemischen Gegensätze in Hochtemperaturlherzoliten eher zunehmen als abnehmen, d. h. ein Prozeß metamorpher Differentiation. Ti, Fe, Al und Na Metasomatose können deshalb als ein verbreiteter Vorgang, der mit der Aufwärtsbewegung und Verfestigung eines H2O-führenden Mantel-Diapirs assoziiert ist, betrachtet werden.
    Notes: Summary The stability of pargasitic amphibole in the upper mantle is a function of water content and bulk rock composition, and under water-undersaturated conditions, the stability of amphibole controls the solidus position. Experiments in the system ‘Tinaquillo peridotite +0.2% H2O’, a refractory peridotite under water-undersaturated conditions, show that amphibole is stable to 1030°C and 26 kb. In contrast, pargasitic amphibole is stable to 1150°C and 30 kb in Hawaiian pyrolite, a more fertile peridotite composition. This indicates that under water-undersaturated conditions, the most fertile part of a crystallizing mantle diapir with an inhomogeneous composition will solidify first while a more refractory component will contain an alkali-rich melt which will have the ability to metasomatize adjacent regions. The relative stabilities of amphibole in refractory and fertile bulk compositions may result in increasing rather than diminishing chemical contrasts in high temperature lherzolite, i.e. a process of metamorphic differentiation. Ti, Fe, Al and Na metasomatism can therefore be considered a normal occurrence associated with the upward migration and solidification of an H2O-bearing mantle diapir.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01167097
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The liquidus surface of the system forsterite - kalsilite - quartz at 28 kb under dry conditions, in presence of H2O, and of CO2 (1988)
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 39 (1988), S. 163-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das System Forsterit-Kalsilit-Quarz (Fo-Ks-Qz) wurde bei 28 kbar und variablen Temperaturen in Anwesenheit von CO2 and H2O sowie bei Abwesenheit von Volatilen untersucht, um die Rolle des Kaliums in den Phasengleichgewichten des Erdmantels aufzuklären. Unter trockenen Bedingungen liegt das Forsterit-Enstatit(En)-Sani din(San)-Peritektikum (En + liquid -〉 Fo + San) bei 1460±:E 20°C undFo 5Ks 62Qz 33 und das Fo-San-Ks Eutektikum bei 1440± 10 °C und Fo6Ks 69Qz 25. Trockenes Schmelzen von Forsterit-Enstatit-Sanidin erzeugt Schmelzen bei 1460°C, die deutlich auf der Ks-Seite der Linie Fo-San liegen. Unter wassergesättigten Bedingungen besteht ein großer Liquidus für Phlogopit (Ph). Die Extrapolation der Fo-Ph-Linie bis zum Schnitt mit der Grenze der Fo-Ph-Reaktion definiert eine thermische Scheidelinie für Schmelzen, gegen die Eutektika von Ks-San-Ph oderQz-San-Ph zu tendieren. Unter CO2-Sättigung verschiebt sich das Olivin-Enstatit-Kotektikum zu viel niedrigeren SiO2-Gehalten, so daß das Fo-En--San-Eutektikum bei 1260°C und Zusammensetzungen klar innerhalb des Fo-San-Ks-Feldes auftritt. Das experimentelle Studium des Systems setzt die Mechanismen durch Variation von CO2-H2O (C-H-O) fest, durch welche ein vereinfachter Phlogopit-führender Harzburgit kalibetonte Schmelzen liefern kann, die von Hypersthen-normativ (und auf einem Fraktionierungsweg zu SiO2-Übersättigung führend) bis zu stark Leuzit-(oder Kalsilit-)normativ variieren. Die Fraktionierung von wäßrigen SiO2-untersättigten Schmelzen kann je nach der Rolle des Phlogopits entweder gegen ein SiO2-übersättigtes Minimum oder gegen ein SiO2-untersättigtes Minimum tendieren.
    Notes: Summary The system forsterite-kalsilite-quartz (Fo-Ks-Qz) has been studied at 28 kb and variable temperatures in the presence of CO2 or H2O and in the absence of volatiles to clarify the role of potassium in mantle phase equilibria. Under dry conditions, the forsterite--enstatite (En)-sanidine (San) peritectic (En + liquid → Fo + San) occurs at 1460°C ± 20 °C at Fo5Ks62Qz33 and the Fo-San-Ks eutectic at 1440 ± 10 °C at (Fo 6Ks 69Qz 25). Dry melting of forsterite-enstatite-sanidine produces liquids at 1460°C which lie well to the Ks side of the Fo-San join. Under water-saturated-conditions, there is a large liquidus of phlogopite (Ph). The extrapolation of the Fo Ph join to intersect the Fo-Ph reaction boundary defines a thermal divide for liquids trending either towards the Ks-San-Ph or Qz-San-Ph eutectics. Under CO2-saturated conditions, the olivine-enstatite cotectic moves to much lower SiO2 compositions, such that the Fo-En-San eutectic occurs 〈 1260 ± 20 °C at compositions well within Fo--San-Ks field. The experimental study of the system establishes mechanisms through variation of CO2 H2O (C-H-0) by which a simplified phlogopite-bearing harzburgite may yield potassic liquids ranging from hypersthenenormative (and fractionating on a path to SiO2 oversaturation) to strongly leucite (or kalsilite)-normative. The fractionation of hydrous silica-undersaturated liquids may trend either towards SO2-oversaturated minimum or towards SiO2-undersaturated minimum depending upon the role of phlogopite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01163032
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anhydrous partial melting of MORB pyrolite and other peridotite compositions at 10 kbar: Implications for the origin of primitive MORB glasses (1987)
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 37 (1987), S. 181-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Vier Peridotit-Zusammensetzungen wurden bei 10 kbar unter wasserfreien Bedingungen partiell aufgeschmolzen, und die Ergebnisse mit möglichen primitiven Schmelzen Mittel-Ozeanischer Rücken verglichen. Die folgenden perioditischen Zusammensetzungen wurden untersucht: „MORB pyrolite” [mögliche Ausgangszusammensetzung für primitive (Mg# 〉 0.68) MORB-Glaszusammensetzungen bei 10 kbar], „Hawaiian pyrolite” (representativ für ’angereicherten’ Oberen Mantel); „Tinaquillo lherzolite” (representativ für verarmten' Oberen Mantel) und spinel lherzolite, KLB-1 (im Gleichgewicht mit primitiver MORB-Glaszusammensetzung). Die Schmelzen im Gleichgewicht mit diesen Ausgangszusammensetzungen wurden mittels „Sandwich-Experimenten” ermittelt. Die primitive MORB-Glaszusammensetzung DSDP 3-18-7-1 wurde mit MORB pyrolite und KLB-1 equilibriert, während eine Modell-Zusammensetzung vonJaques and Green (1980) in Verbindung mit „Hawaiian pyrolite” und „Tinaquillo lherzolite” vermischt wurde. Die Resultate der Experimente werden mit einem 10 kbar Aufschmelzungsmodell zur Entstehung primitiver MORB-Gläser verglichen. Die Schmelzen im Gleichgewicht mit den vier Peridotit-Ausgangszusammensetzungen unterscheiden sich wesentlich von primitiven MORB-Gläsern, sowohl hinsichtlich ihrer Hauptelemente als auch ihrer Plot-Parameter im Basalttetraeder. Primitive MORB-Glaszusammensetzungen stellen keine primären Schmelzen dar, sondern sind durch Olivinfraktionierung von primitiven Magmen abzuleiten. Die Resultate dieser Untersuchungen werden mit früheren 10 kbar Experimenten verglichen.
    Notes: Summary Anhydrous partial melting experiments on four peridotite compositions have been conducted at 10 kbar providing a relatively internally consistent set of data on the character of primary melts expected from the oceanic upper mantle in the mid-ocean ridge setting. The four peridotite compositions are: “MORB pyrolite” (considered to be suitable for the production of primitive (Mg#⩾0.68) MORB glasses at 10 kbar), “Hawaiian pyrolite” (representative of “enriched” upper mantle), Tinaquillo lherzolite (representative of more “depleted” upper mantle), and the spinel lherzolite KLB-1 which is a suitable composition for the production of primitive MORB glasses. The equilibrium liquids were determined by “sandwich” experiments. The primitive MORB glass DSDP 3-18-7-1 was used in experiments using MORB pyrolite and KLB-1, while a calculated 10 kbar liquid composition fromJaques andGreen (1980) was used in experiments with Hawaiian pyrolite and Tinaquillo lherzolite. The results of the experiments are used to test a 10 kbar melt model for the generation of primitive MORB glasses, which are parental magmas to typical MORB compositions. The melt compositions from the four peridotites studied are significantly different from primitive MORB glasses in major element chemistry and plot away from the field of primitive MORB glasses in the CIPW molecular normative “Basalt tetrahedron”. The results indicate that primitive MORB glasses are derivative compositions lying on olivine fractionation lines from picritic parents, which themselves are primary magmas at pressures greater than 10 kbar. The results of this study are integrated with previous 10 kbar experimental studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01161817
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Petrogenesis of Eclogite inclusions in the Moses Rock dyke, Utah, U.S.A. (1981)
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 28 (1981), S. 131-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine detaillierte Studie der Mineralogie von fünfzehn Eklogiten vom Moses Rock Kimberlit-Dyke (Utah) mittels mikrosonde zeigte komplexe Zonierung der Zusammensetzung der Minerale. Die meisten der untersuchten Eklogite gehören zum Almandin-Jadeit-Typ; zonare und irreguläre Variationen der Grossularkomponente der Granate und der Akmit-, Jadeit- und der Diopsid-Hedenbergitkomponenten der Pyroxene resultieren in großen Unsicherheiten bei Temperaturabschätzungen auf der Basis von Fe/Mg-Verteilungen zwischen Granat und Clinopyroxenen. Durchschnittswerte von Randzonen koexistierender Granate und Clinopyroxene ergeben Temperaturen von 340°C bis 500°C für 10 kb. Zwei Proben enthielten pyropreichen Granat, die koexistierenden Clinopyroxene sind extrem Mg-reich und die Gleichgewichtstemperaturen sowohl von primärem Omphacit-Pyrop als auch von sekundärem Omphacit-Almandin/Pyrop-Chlorit sind nur geringfügig höher (500°–600°C bei 10 kb) als die für Almandin-Jadeit-Eklogite; die Schätzungen überlappen mit denen von einigen Proben des letzteren Typs. Im Gegensatz zur Mehrheit der Almandin-Jadeit-Eklogite enthalten zwei Proben Granate mit almandinreichen Kernen und pyropreichen Rändern ohne gleichzeitige Schwankungen im Grossulargehalt. Eine einfache Interpretation dieser als Beweis für Granatwachstum während prograder Metamorphose muß jedoch ausgeschlossen werden, da die koexistierenden Clinopyroxene komplex zoniert sind. Die Eklogite können als Beweis angesehen werden für das Vorhandensein eines metamorphen Bereichs unter dem Colorado-Plateau, der Gesteinstypen enthält, die denen der Glaukophanschieferfacies ähneln. Es können jedoch keine Aussagen über denP-T-Weg gemacht werden, über den diese Gesteinstypen ihre heute feststellbarenP-T-Bedingungen (400°–600°C, 10 kb) erreicht haben.
    Notes: Summary A detailed electron microprobe study of the mineralogy of fifteen eclogites from the Moses Rock kimberlitic dyke, Utah, has demonstrated complexity in compositional zoning of minerals. Most of the eclogites examined are of the almandine-jadeite type and zonal and irregular variation in grossular content of garnet and acmite, jadeite and diopside-hedenbergite content of pyroxene produce large uncertainties in temperature estimates based on Fe/Mg partitioning between garnet and clinopyroxene. Zoning pattems of increasingX Mg in both clinopyroxene and garnet, and increasingX Jd in clinopyroxene, suggest the introduction of Mg and Na throughout the evolution of these essentially bimineralic assemblages. Averaged data yield temperatures from 340°C to 500°C at 10 kbar for compositions of rims of coexisting garnet and clinopyroxene. Two samples contain pyrope-rich gamets but coexisting pyroxenes are extremely magnesian and temperatures of equilibration of both primary omphacite-pyrope and secondary omphacite-almandine/pyrope-chlorite are only slightly higher (500–650° at 10 kbar) than those for almandine jadeite eclogites and estimates overlap with those of some examples of the latter type. Unlike the majority of almandine-jadeite eclogites, two examples contain garnets with almandine-cores and pyrope-rich rims without accompanying variation in grossular content. The simple interpretation of these samples as evidence of garnet growth during prograde metamorphism is precluded by complex zoning in coexisting clinopyroxene. The eclogites provide evidence for the presence of a metamorphic terrane including rocktypes resembling those of blueschist terranes beneath the Colorado Plateau but do not permit deduction of theP,T path by which such rocktypes reached theirP,TT-conditions (∼10 kbar, 400–600°C) of metamorphism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081550
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the occurrence of eclogite in Western Norway (1970)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 26 (1970), S. 12-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Recent experimental data show that eclogites may form in the crust under conditions where total pressure exceeds water pressure. The regional distribution of eclogites in Western Norway and their association with crustal rocks makes their formation in the crust the most attractive hypothesis. Before a mantle origin should be assigned to any rock within this eclogite and garnet peridotite area it should be demonstrated that their country rocks are in a metamorphic state incompatible with the load pressures required for eclogite stability. Criteria for ascertaining eclogite formation in the crust are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373337
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