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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iodine-129 and plutonium isotopes in Arctic kelp as historical indicators of transport of nuclear fuel-reprocessing wastes from mid-to-high latitudes in the Atlantic Ocean (1998)
    Springer
    Marine biology 131 (1998), S. 391-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Iodine-129:iodine-127 ratios were determined using accelerator mass spectrometry in 34 Arctic marine algae collected between 1930 and 1993. A smaller set (5) of marine algae were also analyzed mass spectrometrically to determine plutonium-isotope ratios. The 129I:127I ratio increased as much as three orders of magnitude from a mean of 〈1×10−11 (atom/atom) in the pre-nuclear era (before 1945) to nearly 1000×10−11 in 1993 for marine algae collected from the Novaya Zemlya archipelago separating the Barents and Kara Seas. The predominant basis for the higher ratios in the Novaya Zemlya kelps appears to be upcurrent sources of 129I from nuclear fuel-reprocessing facilities at Sellafield (UK) and La Hague (France). Relatively high 241Pu:239Pu ratios (compared to observed bomb fallout at boreal latitudes, decay corrected to the date of collection) also corroborate the influence of non-fallout sources. The small size of the data set precludes determining if there are significant contributions of 129I and other radionuclides from Russian sources. In contrast, marine algae collected between 1969 and 1993 in the Bering, Beaufort and East Siberian Seas had much lower 129I:127I ratios (mean=14.04×10−11±3.15 SD) than those observed in the European Arctic. The narrow range of ratios in Ameriasian Arctic kelps, and the modest change over that time period, indicate that there were no major contributions of non-fallout 129I to North American Arctic surface waters at the time that the algae were collected. The potential for timing the transport of fuel-reprocessed 129I through analysis of additional archived samples is outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050332
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    210Po and 210Pb in zooplankton fecal pellets (1978)
    Springer
    Marine biology 44 (1978), S. 325-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 210Po and 210Pb concentrations in fecal pellets from the zooplanktonic euphausiid Meganyctiphanes norvegica are reported. The 210Po:210Pb activity ratio is 2.2±0.3, a value in good agreement with that found in suspended particulate matter in surface seawater. Estimates of 210Po and 210Pb removal times from the mixed layer by fecal pellets alone yield values which are of the same order of magnitude as the removal times for these nuclides by all routes. It is suggested that there is a high probability that zooplanktonic fecal pellets play a significant role in the removal of both these nuclides from the surface layers of the ocean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390896
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polonium-210 in euphausiids: A detailed study (1976)
    Springer
    Marine biology 34 (1976), S. 127-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A detailed study of 210Po, the predominant alpha-emitting nuclide found in most marine organisms, has been undertaken in a particular zooplanktonic species, the euphausiid Meganyctiphanes norvegica. The purpose was to obtain information concerning the origin, the localization and the flux of the nuclide in and through this organism. Measurements of 210Po were made in euphausiids of different sizes, in dissected organs and tissues, and in excretion products. The results show higher concentrations in the smaller specimens; this fact cannot be explained on the basis of surface adsorption, but is probably related to the ingestion of food. Dissection results show that the distribution of 210Po in euphausiids is not homogeneous, but that the majority is concentrated in the internal organs, the alimentary tract and the hepatopancreas in particular. The natural radiation dose received by these organs is in consequence much higher than that received by the whole animal. Use of a dynamic model allowed the flux of 210Po through M. norvegica to be calculated. The calculations confirm that food is the principal source of 210Po for this species, and clearly show that fecal pellets constitute the major elimination route. Extrapolation of the data to zooplankton in general leads to the conclusion that zooplankton metabolic activity plays an important role in transporting 210Po from the surface layers of the ocean to depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390754
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plutonium and Americium: Uptake from contaminated sediments by the polychaete Nereis diversicolor (1976)
    Springer
    Marine biology 38 (1976), S. 95-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The polychaete Nereis diversicolor O.F. Müller was exposed to marine sediments which had been contaminated with plutonium and americium either through the testing of nuclear devices or by the release of liquid waste effluent from a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant. The uptake of both plutonium and americium was small, about 0.5% of the concentration of these transuranics in the sediments. The degree of relative uptake of plutonium from both sediments was comparable; relative uptake of americium from sediments contaminated by waste effluent was greater than that from nuclear sediment and those previously determined from water-uptake experiments to environmentally determined plutonium concentrations in sediments and overlying waters leads to the tentative conclusion that water may be the predominant pathway for plutonium accumulation by deposit-feeding worms like N. diversicolor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390762
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the extent and duration of hypokalaemia following three nebulized beta2-adrenoceptor agonists (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 415-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypokalaemia ; salbutamol ; terbutaline ; fenoterol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hypokalaemic effects of equal doses (5 mg) of fenoterol, salbutamol, terbutaline and an equal volume of saline administered by nebulization were compared in eight healthy subjects. Plasma potassium was measured at 15-min intervals for 60 min and at 90 min, 2, 4 and 6 h following administration. Fenoterol, salbutamol and terbutaline all significantly decreased plasma potassium when compared to saline; however, the magnitude and duration of this effect differed between the active agents. Both fenoterol and terbutaline significantly reduced plasma potassium for 4 h whereas salbutamol was only different from 30 to 120 min. The maximum decrease occurred with fenoterol (−0.78 mmol/l), followed by terbutaline (−0.70 mmol/l) and salbutamol (−0.33 mmol/l). Both terbutaline and fenoterol had a significantly greater effect compared with salbutamol. When administered by nebulization fenoterol and terbutaline are likely to have a greater hypokalaemic effect then salbutamol and this effect is likely to be more long lasting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558306
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of pirmenol in young and elderly subjects (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 437-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Pirmenol ; pharmacokinetics ; elderly subjects ; age effect ; adverse effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The steady state pharmacokinetics of pirmenol was compared in twelve healthy young (aged 18 to 45 y) and 11 elderly subjects (over 65 y) subjects given pirmenol HCl 100 mg every 12 h for a total of 14 doses. In addition, the single-dose pharmacokinetics of pirmenol was determined following a 100 mg oral dose in the young subject group for comparison with the results of repeated administration. In the young subjects, the mean single-dose and steady-state CLR of pirmenol were similar; however, Ae was 29 % higher and CL/f was 22 % lower at steady state than after the single dose. Steady-state (fourteenth dose) Cmin, Cmax, tmax, λz, Ae, CL/f, CLR and V values were similar in the young and elderly subjects. Based on pharmacokinetic considerations, the dosage of pirmenol is unlikely to differ in young and elderly subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220624
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphism of debrisoquine oxidation in New Zealand Caucasians (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 349-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Debrisoquine ; New Zealand ; oxidation phenotype ; pharmacogenetics ; drug metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266364
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The extrapulmonary effects of inhaled hexoprenaline and salbutamol in healthy individuals (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 45 (1993), S. 37-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hexoprenaline ; Salbutamol ; extrapulmonary effects ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have investigated the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of multiple inhaled doses of salbutamol and hexoprenaline in 12 healthy volunteers. They inhaled 200 μg of salbutamol or hexoprenaline at 15 min intervals for 60 min from a metered dose inhaler (total dose 1000 μg). We measured heart rate, blood pressure, total electromechanical systole (as a measure of inotropic response), QTc interval on the ECG, and plasma potassium at baseline, 10 min after each inhalation, and 30 and 60 min after the last inhalation. There was no difference in the effects of the two drugs on blood pressure, total electromechanical systole, or QTc interval. Salbutamol significantly increased heart rate compared with hexoprenaline. Hexoprenaline caused a significantly greater fall in plasma potassium compared with salbutamol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315347
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced elimination of piroxicam by administration of activated charcoal or cholestyramine (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 39 (1990), S. 599-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: piroxicam ; charcoal ; cholestyramine ; enhanced elimination ; young and elderly subjects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study has compared the effect of repeated administration of charcoal and cholestyramine on the elimination of piroxicam. Eight young adults were given piroxicam as a single dose of 20 mg, on 3 separate occasions. On one of the occasions charcoal was also given. On another occasion cholestyramine was also administered. The mean elimination half-life after piroxicam alone was 53.1 h. This was reduced to 40.0 h by charcoal administration and to 29.6 h after administration of cholestyramine. In the second phase of the study 7 elderly subjects received piroxicam 20 mg for 14 days on two occasions. Cholestyramine administration at the end of one of the periods reduced the mean elimination half-life of piroxicam from 52.3 h to 27.3 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upper mantle source for some hawaiites, mugearites and benmoreites (1974)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 48 (1974), S. 33-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Chemical analyses of over seventy lavas or dykes containing spinel lherzolite inclusions of high pressure mineralogy, show that most host magmas are of alkali olivine basalt or basanite composition with relatively rare olivine nephelinites, and olivine melilitites. The 100 Mg/Mg+Fe++ ratios of host magmas display a strong maximum at about Mg70 consistent with partial melting of source peridotite with olivine of Fo88–90. In contrast to these primary magmas, there occur some host magmas with 100 Mg/Mg+Fe++〈60 and with chemical compositions resembling those of classical hawaiite, mugearite, and nepheline benmoreite magmas. It is inferred that these magmas have been produced by crystal fractionation, within the upper mantle, of parental basanites or alkali olivine basalts. The presence of kaersutitic hornblende xenocrysts accompanying the lherzolite inclusions, and the nature of the chemical variation between associated basanites and nepheline benmoreites suggests that crystal fractionation has been dominated by kaersutitic hornblende, together with olivine and, in some cases, probably clinopyroxene. The mantle-derived nepheline benmoreite magmas also show similarities to some plutonic nepheline syenites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399108
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