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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2009-11-27
    Description: Protein design provides a rigorous test of our knowledge about proteins and allows the creation of novel enzymes for biotechnological applications. Whereas progress has been made in designing proteins that mimic native proteins structurally, it is more difficult to design functional proteins. In comparison to recent successes in designing non-metalloproteins, it is even more challenging to rationally design metalloproteins that reproduce both the structure and function of native metalloenzymes. This is because protein metal-binding sites are much more varied than non-metal-containing sites, in terms of different metal ion oxidation states, preferred geometry and metal ion ligand donor sets. Because of their variability, it has been difficult to predict metal-binding site properties in silico, as many of the parameters, such as force fields, are ill-defined. Therefore, the successful design of a structural and functional metalloprotein would greatly advance the field of protein design and our understanding of enzymes. Here we report a successful, rational design of a structural and functional model of a metalloprotein, nitric oxide reductase (NOR), by introducing three histidines and one glutamate, predicted as ligands in the active site of NOR, into the distal pocket of myoglobin. A crystal structure of the designed protein confirms that the minimized computer model contains a haem/non-haem Fe(B) centre that is remarkably similar to that in the crystal structure. This designed protein also exhibits NO reduction activity, and so models both the structure and function of NOR, offering insight that the active site glutamate is required for both iron binding and activity. These results show that structural and functional metalloproteins can be rationally designed in silico.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4297211/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4297211/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yeung, Natasha -- Lin, Ying-Wu -- Gao, Yi-Gui -- Zhao, Xuan -- Russell, Brandy S -- Lei, Lanyu -- Miner, Kyle D -- Robinson, Howard -- Lu, Yi -- GM062211/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062211/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Dec 24;462(7276):1079-82. doi: 10.1038/nature08620. Epub 2009 Nov 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crystallization ; Iron/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Myoglobin/chemistry ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Oxidoreductases/*chemical synthesis/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2009-08-04
    Description: Polymerization of actin filaments directed by the actin-related protein (Arp)2/3 complex supports many types of cellular movements. However, questions remain regarding the relative contributions of Arp2/3 complex versus other mechanisms of actin filament nucleation to processes such as path finding by neuronal growth cones; this is because of the lack of simple methods to inhibit Arp2/3 complex reversibly in living cells. Here we describe two classes of small molecules that bind to different sites on the Arp2/3 complex and inhibit its ability to nucleate actin filaments. CK-0944636 binds between Arp2 and Arp3, where it appears to block movement of Arp2 and Arp3 into their active conformation. CK-0993548 inserts into the hydrophobic core of Arp3 and alters its conformation. Both classes of compounds inhibit formation of actin filament comet tails by Listeria and podosomes by monocytes. Two inhibitors with different mechanisms of action provide a powerful approach for studying the Arp2/3 complex in living cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2780427/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2780427/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nolen, B J -- Tomasevic, N -- Russell, A -- Pierce, D W -- Jia, Z -- McCormick, C D -- Hartman, J -- Sakowicz, R -- Pollard, T D -- F32 GM074374-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-066311/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM074374-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM066311/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM066311-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 EB009998/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 20;460(7258):1031-4. doi: 10.1038/nature08231. Epub 2009 Aug 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19648907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/drug effects/metabolism ; Actin-Related Protein 2/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Actin-Related Protein 3/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Actins/chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Biopolymers/chemistry/metabolism ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Indoles/classification/metabolism/pharmacology ; Listeria/physiology ; Models, Molecular ; Monocytes/immunology ; Protein Conformation/drug effects ; Schizosaccharomyces ; Thiazoles/chemistry/classification/metabolism/pharmacology ; Thiophenes/classification/metabolism/pharmacology
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2009-07-07
    Description: Activator protein 1 (AP-1, also known as JUN) transcription factors are dimers of JUN, FOS, MAF and activating transcription factor (ATF) family proteins characterized by basic region and leucine zipper domains. Many AP-1 proteins contain defined transcriptional activation domains, but BATF and the closely related BATF3 (refs 2, 3) contain only a basic region and leucine zipper, and are considered to be inhibitors of AP-1 activity. Here we show that Batf is required for the differentiation of IL17-producing T helper (T(H)17) cells. T(H)17 cells comprise a CD4(+) T-cell subset that coordinates inflammatory responses in host defence but is pathogenic in autoimmunity. Batf(-/-) mice have normal T(H)1 and T(H)2 differentiation, but show a defect in T(H)17 differentiation, and are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Batf(-/-) T cells fail to induce known factors required for T(H)17 differentiation, such as RORgamma t (encoded by Rorc) and the cytokine IL21 (refs 14-17). Neither the addition of IL21 nor the overexpression of RORgamma t fully restores IL17 production in Batf(-/-) T cells. The Il17 promoter is BATF-responsive, and after T(H)17 differentiation, BATF binds conserved intergenic elements in the Il17a-Il17f locus and to the Il17, Il21 and Il22 (ref. 18) promoters. These results demonstrate that the AP-1 protein BATF has a critical role in T(H)17 differentiation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2716014/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2716014/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schraml, Barbara U -- Hildner, Kai -- Ise, Wataru -- Lee, Wan-Ling -- Smith, Whitney A-E -- Solomon, Ben -- Sahota, Gurmukh -- Sim, Julia -- Mukasa, Ryuta -- Cemerski, Saso -- Hatton, Robin D -- Stormo, Gary D -- Weaver, Casey T -- Russell, John H -- Murphy, Theresa L -- Murphy, Kenneth M -- AI035783/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AR049293/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- GM07200/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG00249/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG000249/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG000249-20/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008802/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008802-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 16;460(7253):405-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08114. Epub 2009 Jul 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19578362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; *Cell Differentiation ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Interleukin-17/biosynthesis/genetics/*metabolism ; Interleukins/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology ; Lymph Nodes/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/genetics/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*cytology/*metabolism ; Transcription Factor AP-1/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-03-25
    Description: Systematic annotation of gene regulatory elements is a major challenge in genome science. Direct mapping of chromatin modification marks and transcriptional factor binding sites genome-wide has successfully identified specific subtypes of regulatory elements. In Drosophila several pioneering studies have provided genome-wide identification of Polycomb response elements, chromatin states, transcription factor binding sites, RNA polymerase II regulation and insulator elements; however, comprehensive annotation of the regulatory genome remains a significant challenge. Here we describe results from the modENCODE cis-regulatory annotation project. We produced a map of the Drosophila melanogaster regulatory genome on the basis of more than 300 chromatin immunoprecipitation data sets for eight chromatin features, five histone deacetylases and thirty-eight site-specific transcription factors at different stages of development. Using these data we inferred more than 20,000 candidate regulatory elements and validated a subset of predictions for promoters, enhancers and insulators in vivo. We identified also nearly 2,000 genomic regions of dense transcription factor binding associated with chromatin activity and accessibility. We discovered hundreds of new transcription factor co-binding relationships and defined a transcription factor network with over 800 potential regulatory relationships.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3179250/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3179250/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Negre, Nicolas -- Brown, Christopher D -- Ma, Lijia -- Bristow, Christopher Aaron -- Miller, Steven W -- Wagner, Ulrich -- Kheradpour, Pouya -- Eaton, Matthew L -- Loriaux, Paul -- Sealfon, Rachel -- Li, Zirong -- Ishii, Haruhiko -- Spokony, Rebecca F -- Chen, Jia -- Hwang, Lindsay -- Cheng, Chao -- Auburn, Richard P -- Davis, Melissa B -- Domanus, Marc -- Shah, Parantu K -- Morrison, Carolyn A -- Zieba, Jennifer -- Suchy, Sarah -- Senderowicz, Lionel -- Victorsen, Alec -- Bild, Nicholas A -- Grundstad, A Jason -- Hanley, David -- MacAlpine, David M -- Mannervik, Mattias -- Venken, Koen -- Bellen, Hugo -- White, Robert -- Gerstein, Mark -- Russell, Steven -- Grossman, Robert L -- Ren, Bing -- Posakony, James W -- Kellis, Manolis -- White, Kevin P -- F32 GM074364/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM074364-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM074364-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM081892/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037-04/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HG005639/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 HG005639-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004264/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG004279/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004264/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 24;471(7339):527-31. doi: 10.1038/nature09990.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, 900 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21430782" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics ; Genome, Insect/*genetics ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism ; Insulator Elements/genetics ; *Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/*genetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Silencer Elements, Transcriptional/genetics ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-04-13
    Description: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe and progressive muscle wasting disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene that result in the absence of the membrane-stabilizing protein dystrophin. Dystrophin-deficient muscle fibres are fragile and susceptible to an influx of Ca(2+), which activates inflammatory and muscle degenerative pathways. At present there is no cure for DMD, and existing therapies are ineffective. Here we show that increasing the expression of intramuscular heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) preserves muscle strength and ameliorates the dystrophic pathology in two mouse models of muscular dystrophy. Treatment with BGP-15 (a pharmacological inducer of Hsp72 currently in clinical trials for diabetes) improved muscle architecture, strength and contractile function in severely affected diaphragm muscles in mdx dystrophic mice. In dko mice, a phenocopy of DMD that results in severe spinal curvature (kyphosis), muscle weakness and premature death, BGP-15 decreased kyphosis, improved the dystrophic pathophysiology in limb and diaphragm muscles and extended lifespan. We found that the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA, the main protein responsible for the removal of intracellular Ca(2+)) is dysfunctional in severely affected muscles of mdx and dko mice, and that Hsp72 interacts with SERCA to preserve its function under conditions of stress, ultimately contributing to the decreased muscle degeneration seen with Hsp72 upregulation. Treatment with BGP-15 similarly increased SERCA activity in dystrophic skeletal muscles. Our results provide evidence that increasing the expression of Hsp72 in muscle (through the administration of BGP-15) has significant therapeutic potential for DMD and related conditions, either as a self-contained therapy or as an adjuvant with other potential treatments, including gene, cell and pharmacological therapies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gehrig, Stefan M -- van der Poel, Chris -- Sayer, Timothy A -- Schertzer, Jonathan D -- Henstridge, Darren C -- Church, Jarrod E -- Lamon, Severine -- Russell, Aaron P -- Davies, Kay E -- Febbraio, Mark A -- Lynch, Gordon S -- GTB07001/Telethon/Italy -- MC_U137761449/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2012 Apr 4;484(7394):394-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10980.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22495301" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism ; Diaphragm/drug effects/physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; *Disease Progression ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/*metabolism ; Kyphosis/drug therapy ; Longevity/drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred mdx ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects/*physiology/physiopathology ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics/*metabolism/pathology/*physiopathology ; Oximes/pharmacology ; Piperidines/pharmacology ; Rats
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-03-01
    Description: The rapid cell turnover of the intestinal epithelium is achieved from small numbers of stem cells located in the base of glandular crypts. These stem cells have been variously described as rapidly cycling or quiescent. A functional arrangement of stem cells that reconciles both of these behaviours has so far been difficult to obtain. Alternative explanations for quiescent cells have been that they act as a parallel or reserve population that replace rapidly cycling stem cells periodically or after injury; their exact nature remains unknown. Here we show mouse intestinal quiescent cells to be precursors that are committed to mature into differentiated secretory cells of the Paneth and enteroendocrine lineage. However, crucially we find that after intestinal injury they are capable of extensive proliferation and can give rise to clones comprising the main epithelial cell types. Thus, quiescent cells can be recalled to the stem-cell state. These findings establish quiescent cells as an effective clonogenic reserve and provide a motivation for investigating their role in pathologies such as colorectal cancers and intestinal inflammation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buczacki, Simon J A -- Zecchini, Heather Ireland -- Nicholson, Anna M -- Russell, Roslin -- Vermeulen, Louis -- Kemp, Richard -- Winton, Douglas J -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2013 Mar 7;495(7439):65-9. doi: 10.1038/nature11965. Epub 2013 Feb 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23446353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomarkers/analysis/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; *Cell Lineage ; Cell Separation ; Clone Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Intestinal Neoplasms/pathology ; Intestines/cytology/injuries/pathology ; Mice ; Multipotent Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism/*secretion ; Paneth Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/*metabolism ; Regeneration ; Staining and Labeling ; Stem Cell Niche
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2013-11-29
    Description: Achieving the goal of malaria elimination will depend on targeting Plasmodium pathways essential across all life stages. Here we identify a lipid kinase, phosphatidylinositol-4-OH kinase (PI(4)K), as the target of imidazopyrazines, a new antimalarial compound class that inhibits the intracellular development of multiple Plasmodium species at each stage of infection in the vertebrate host. Imidazopyrazines demonstrate potent preventive, therapeutic, and transmission-blocking activity in rodent malaria models, are active against blood-stage field isolates of the major human pathogens P. falciparum and P. vivax, and inhibit liver-stage hypnozoites in the simian parasite P. cynomolgi. We show that imidazopyrazines exert their effect through inhibitory interaction with the ATP-binding pocket of PI(4)K, altering the intracellular distribution of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate. Collectively, our data define PI(4)K as a key Plasmodium vulnerability, opening up new avenues of target-based discovery to identify drugs with an ideal activity profile for the prevention, treatment and elimination of malaria.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3940870/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3940870/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNamara, Case W -- Lee, Marcus C S -- Lim, Chek Shik -- Lim, Siau Hoi -- Roland, Jason -- Nagle, Advait -- Simon, Oliver -- Yeung, Bryan K S -- Chatterjee, Arnab K -- McCormack, Susan L -- Manary, Micah J -- Zeeman, Anne-Marie -- Dechering, Koen J -- Kumar, T R Santha -- Henrich, Philipp P -- Gagaring, Kerstin -- Ibanez, Maureen -- Kato, Nobutaka -- Kuhen, Kelli L -- Fischli, Christoph -- Rottmann, Matthias -- Plouffe, David M -- Bursulaya, Badry -- Meister, Stephan -- Rameh, Lucia -- Trappe, Joerg -- Haasen, Dorothea -- Timmerman, Martijn -- Sauerwein, Robert W -- Suwanarusk, Rossarin -- Russell, Bruce -- Renia, Laurent -- Nosten, Francois -- Tully, David C -- Kocken, Clemens H M -- Glynne, Richard J -- Bodenreider, Christophe -- Fidock, David A -- Diagana, Thierry T -- Winzeler, Elizabeth A -- 078285/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 089275/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090534/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 096157/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- R01 AI079709/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI085584/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI090141/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI103058/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01079709/PHS HHS/ -- R01085584/PHS HHS/ -- R01AI090141/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- WT078285/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- WT096157/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2013 Dec 12;504(7479):248-53. doi: 10.1038/nature12782. Epub 2013 Nov 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA [2]. ; 1] Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA [2]. ; Novartis Institutes for Tropical Disease, 138670 Singapore. ; Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. ; Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, PO Box 3306, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands. ; TropIQ Health Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands. ; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA. ; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. ; 1] Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland [2] University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. ; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. ; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. ; 1] TropIQ Health Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical CentrePO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. ; Laboratory of Malaria Immunobiology, Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore. ; 1] Laboratory of Malaria Immunobiology, Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, 138648 Singapore [2] Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 117545 Singapore. ; 1] Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK [2] Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot 63110, Thailand. ; 1] Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA [2] Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA. ; 1] Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24284631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cytokinesis/drug effects ; Drug Resistance/drug effects/genetics ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Female ; Hepatocytes/parasitology ; Humans ; Imidazoles/metabolism/pharmacology ; Life Cycle Stages/drug effects ; Macaca mulatta ; Malaria/*drug therapy/*parasitology ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Plasmodium/classification/*drug effects/*enzymology/growth & development ; Pyrazoles/metabolism/pharmacology ; Quinoxalines/metabolism/pharmacology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Schizonts/cytology/drug effects ; rab GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-07-15
    Description: Progesterone receptor (PR) expression is used as a biomarker of oestrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) function and breast cancer prognosis. Here we show that PR is not merely an ERalpha-induced gene target, but is also an ERalpha-associated protein that modulates its behaviour. In the presence of agonist ligands, PR associates with ERalpha to direct ERalpha chromatin binding events within breast cancer cells, resulting in a unique gene expression programme that is associated with good clinical outcome. Progesterone inhibited oestrogen-mediated growth of ERalpha(+) cell line xenografts and primary ERalpha(+) breast tumour explants, and had increased anti-proliferative effects when coupled with an ERalpha antagonist. Copy number loss of PGR, the gene coding for PR, is a common feature in ERalpha(+) breast cancers, explaining lower PR levels in a subset of cases. Our findings indicate that PR functions as a molecular rheostat to control ERalpha chromatin binding and transcriptional activity, which has important implications for prognosis and therapeutic interventions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4650274/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4650274/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mohammed, Hisham -- Russell, I Alasdair -- Stark, Rory -- Rueda, Oscar M -- Hickey, Theresa E -- Tarulli, Gerard A -- Serandour, Aurelien A -- Birrell, Stephen N -- Bruna, Alejandra -- Saadi, Amel -- Menon, Suraj -- Hadfield, James -- Pugh, Michelle -- Raj, Ganesh V -- Brown, Gordon D -- D'Santos, Clive -- Robinson, Jessica L L -- Silva, Grace -- Launchbury, Rosalind -- Perou, Charles M -- Stingl, John -- Caldas, Carlos -- Tilley, Wayne D -- Carroll, Jason S -- 242664/European Research Council/International -- 5P30CA142543/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- A10178/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jul 16;523(7560):313-7. doi: 10.1038/nature14583. Epub 2015 Jul 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK. ; Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and the Adelaide Prostate Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Hanson Institute Building, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. ; Department of Urology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. ; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive, CB7295, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA. ; 1] Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK [2] Cambridge Breast Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK [3] Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26153859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/*genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Chromatin/drug effects/genetics/metabolism ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics ; Disease Progression ; Estrogen Receptor alpha/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Estrogens/metabolism/pharmacology ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Progesterone/metabolism/pharmacology ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Receptors, Progesterone/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-03-11
    Description: DNA replication and repair in mammalian cells involves three distinct DNA ligases: ligase I (Lig1), ligase III (Lig3) and ligase IV (Lig4). Lig3 is considered a key ligase during base excision repair because its stability depends upon its nuclear binding partner Xrcc1, a critical factor for this DNA repair pathway. Lig3 is also present in the mitochondria, where its role in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance is independent of Xrcc1 (ref. 4). However, the biological role of Lig3 is unclear as inactivation of murine Lig3 results in early embryonic lethality. Here we report that Lig3 is essential for mtDNA integrity but dispensable for nuclear DNA repair. Inactivation of Lig3 in the mouse nervous system resulted in mtDNA loss leading to profound mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of cellular homeostasis and incapacitating ataxia. Similarly, inactivation of Lig3 in cardiac muscle resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and defective heart-pump function leading to heart failure. However, Lig3 inactivation did not result in nuclear DNA repair deficiency, indicating essential DNA repair functions of Xrcc1 can occur in the absence of Lig3. Instead, we found that Lig1 was critical for DNA repair, but acted in a cooperative manner with Lig3. Additionally, Lig3 deficiency did not recapitulate the hallmark features of neural Xrcc1 inactivation such as DNA damage-induced cerebellar interneuron loss, further underscoring functional separation of these DNA repair factors. Therefore, our data reveal that the critical biological role of Lig3 is to maintain mtDNA integrity and not Xrcc1-dependent DNA repair.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3079429/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3079429/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gao, Yankun -- Katyal, Sachin -- Lee, Youngsoo -- Zhao, Jingfeng -- Rehg, Jerold E -- Russell, Helen R -- McKinnon, Peter J -- CA-21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS-37956/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA096832/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA096832-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS037956/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS037956-13/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 10;471(7337):240-4. doi: 10.1038/nature09773.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21390131" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ataxia/pathology/physiopathology ; Biocatalysis ; Cell Nucleus/*genetics ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Damage ; DNA Ligases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; *DNA Repair ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Genes, Essential ; Heart/physiology/physiopathology ; Interneurons/enzymology/pathology ; Mice ; Mitochondria/enzymology/genetics/pathology ; Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology/pathology ; Myocardium/enzymology/pathology ; Nervous System/enzymology/pathology ; Phenotype
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blazes, David L -- Russell, Kevin L -- England -- Nature. 2011 Sep 21;477(7365):395-6. doi: 10.1038/477395a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, Maryland 20904, USA. david.blazes@us.army.mil〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21938047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomedical Research/economics/*organization & administration ; Bioterrorism/prevention & control ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology ; *Cooperative Behavior ; *Global Health ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/virology ; International Cooperation ; Malaria/transmission ; Military Medicine/economics/*organization & administration ; Population Surveillance ; Public Health/economics/methods ; Security Measures/economics ; United States ; United States Department of Defense/economics ; Vaccines ; World Health Organization
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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