ALBERT

Description: The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) was launched to coordinate large-scale cancer genome studies in tumours from 50 different cancer types and/or subtypes that are of clinical and societal importance across the globe. Systematic studies of more than 25,000 cancer genomes at the genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic levels will reveal the repertoire of oncogenic mutations, uncover traces of the mutagenic influences, define clinically relevant subtypes for prognosis and therapeutic management, and enable the development of new cancer therapies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2902243/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2902243/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉International Cancer Genome Consortium -- Hudson, Thomas J -- Anderson, Warwick -- Artez, Axel -- Barker, Anna D -- Bell, Cindy -- Bernabe, Rosa R -- Bhan, M K -- Calvo, Fabien -- Eerola, Iiro -- Gerhard, Daniela S -- Guttmacher, Alan -- Guyer, Mark -- Hemsley, Fiona M -- Jennings, Jennifer L -- Kerr, David -- Klatt, Peter -- Kolar, Patrik -- Kusada, Jun -- Lane, David P -- Laplace, Frank -- Youyong, Lu -- Nettekoven, Gerd -- Ozenberger, Brad -- Peterson, Jane -- Rao, T S -- Remacle, Jacques -- Schafer, Alan J -- Shibata, Tatsuhiro -- Stratton, Michael R -- Vockley, Joseph G -- Watanabe, Koichi -- Yang, Huanming -- Yuen, Matthew M F -- Knoppers, Bartha M -- Bobrow, Martin -- Cambon-Thomsen, Anne -- Dressler, Lynn G -- Dyke, Stephanie O M -- Joly, Yann -- Kato, Kazuto -- Kennedy, Karen L -- Nicolas, Pilar -- Parker, Michael J -- Rial-Sebbag, Emmanuelle -- Romeo-Casabona, Carlos M -- Shaw, Kenna M -- Wallace, Susan -- Wiesner, Georgia L -- Zeps, Nikolajs -- Lichter, Peter -- Biankin, Andrew V -- Chabannon, Christian -- Chin, Lynda -- Clement, Bruno -- de Alava, Enrique -- Degos, Francoise -- Ferguson, Martin L -- Geary, Peter -- Hayes, D Neil -- Johns, Amber L -- Kasprzyk, Arek -- Nakagawa, Hidewaki -- Penny, Robert -- Piris, Miguel A -- Sarin, Rajiv -- Scarpa, Aldo -- van de Vijver, Marc -- Futreal, P Andrew -- Aburatani, Hiroyuki -- Bayes, Monica -- Botwell, David D L -- Campbell, Peter J -- Estivill, Xavier -- Grimmond, Sean M -- Gut, Ivo -- Hirst, Martin -- Lopez-Otin, Carlos -- Majumder, Partha -- Marra, Marco -- McPherson, John D -- Ning, Zemin -- Puente, Xose S -- Ruan, Yijun -- Stunnenberg, Hendrik G -- Swerdlow, Harold -- Velculescu, Victor E -- Wilson, Richard K -- Xue, Hong H -- Yang, Liu -- Spellman, Paul T -- Bader, Gary D -- Boutros, Paul C -- Flicek, Paul -- Getz, Gad -- Guigo, Roderic -- Guo, Guangwu -- Haussler, David -- Heath, Simon -- Hubbard, Tim J -- Jiang, Tao -- Jones, Steven M -- Li, Qibin -- Lopez-Bigas, Nuria -- Luo, Ruibang -- Muthuswamy, Lakshmi -- Ouellette, B F Francis -- Pearson, John V -- Quesada, Victor -- Raphael, Benjamin J -- Sander, Chris -- Speed, Terence P -- Stein, Lincoln D -- Stuart, Joshua M -- Teague, Jon W -- Totoki, Yasushi -- Tsunoda, Tatsuhiko -- Valencia, Alfonso -- Wheeler, David A -- Wu, Honglong -- Zhao, Shancen -- Zhou, Guangyu -- Lathrop, Mark -- Thomas, Gilles -- Yoshida, Teruhiko -- Axton, Myles -- Gunter, Chris -- Miller, Linda J -- Zhang, Junjun -- Haider, Syed A -- Wang, Jianxin -- Yung, Christina K -- Cros, Anthony -- Liang, Yong -- Gnaneshan, Saravanamuttu -- Guberman, Jonathan -- Hsu, Jack -- Chalmers, Don R C -- Hasel, Karl W -- Kaan, Terry S H -- Lowrance, William W -- Masui, Tohru -- Rodriguez, Laura Lyman -- Vergely, Catherine -- Bowtell, David D L -- Cloonan, Nicole -- deFazio, Anna -- Eshleman, James R -- Etemadmoghadam, Dariush -- Gardiner, Brooke B -- Kench, James G -- Sutherland, Robert L -- Tempero, Margaret A -- Waddell, Nicola J -- Wilson, Peter J -- Gallinger, Steve -- Tsao, Ming-Sound -- Shaw, Patricia A -- Petersen, Gloria M -- Mukhopadhyay, Debabrata -- DePinho, Ronald A -- Thayer, Sarah -- Shazand, Kamran -- Beck, Timothy -- Sam, Michelle -- Timms, Lee -- Ballin, Vanessa -- Lu, Youyong -- Ji, Jiafu -- Zhang, Xiuqing -- Chen, Feng -- Hu, Xueda -- Yang, Qi -- Tian, Geng -- Zhang, Lianhai -- Xing, Xiaofang -- Li, Xianghong -- Zhu, Zhenggang -- Yu, Yingyan -- Yu, Jun -- Tost, Jorg -- Brennan, Paul -- Holcatova, Ivana -- Zaridze, David -- Brazma, Alvis -- Egevard, Lars -- Prokhortchouk, Egor -- Banks, Rosamonde Elizabeth -- Uhlen, Mathias -- Viksna, Juris -- Ponten, Fredrik -- Skryabin, Konstantin -- Birney, Ewan -- Borg, Ake -- Borresen-Dale, Anne-Lise -- Caldas, Carlos -- Foekens, John A -- Martin, Sancha -- Reis-Filho, Jorge S -- Richardson, Andrea L -- Sotiriou, Christos -- Thoms, Giles -- van't Veer, Laura -- Birnbaum, Daniel -- Blanche, Helene -- Boucher, Pascal -- Boyault, Sandrine -- Masson-Jacquemier, Jocelyne D -- Pauporte, Iris -- Pivot, Xavier -- Vincent-Salomon, Anne -- Tabone, Eric -- Theillet, Charles -- Treilleux, Isabelle -- Bioulac-Sage, Paulette -- Decaens, Thomas -- Franco, Dominique -- Gut, Marta -- Samuel, Didier -- Zucman-Rossi, Jessica -- Eils, Roland -- Brors, Benedikt -- Korbel, Jan O -- Korshunov, Andrey -- Landgraf, Pablo -- Lehrach, Hans -- Pfister, Stefan -- Radlwimmer, Bernhard -- Reifenberger, Guido -- Taylor, Michael D -- von Kalle, Christof -- Majumder, Partha P -- Pederzoli, Paolo -- Lawlor, Rita A -- Delledonne, Massimo -- Bardelli, Alberto -- Gress, Thomas -- Klimstra, David -- Zamboni, Giuseppe -- Nakamura, Yusuke -- Miyano, Satoru -- Fujimoto, Akihiro -- Campo, Elias -- de Sanjose, Silvia -- Montserrat, Emili -- Gonzalez-Diaz, Marcos -- Jares, Pedro -- Himmelbauer, Heinz -- Bea, Silvia -- Aparicio, Samuel -- Easton, Douglas F -- Collins, Francis S -- Compton, Carolyn C -- Lander, Eric S -- Burke, Wylie -- Green, Anthony R -- Hamilton, Stanley R -- Kallioniemi, Olli P -- Ley, Timothy J -- Liu, Edison T -- Wainwright, Brandon J -- 077198/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 088340/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 093867/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 6613/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- K08 DK071329/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K08 DK071329-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K08 DK071329-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA117969/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA117969-04S1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA117969-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA102701/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA102701-08/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA127003/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA127003-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA127003-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG001806-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 15;464(7291):993-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08987.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20393554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Massively parallel DNA sequencing technologies provide an unprecedented ability to screen entire genomes for genetic changes associated with tumour progression. Here we describe the genomic analyses of four DNA samples from an African-American patient with basal-like breast cancer: peripheral blood, the primary tumour, a brain metastasis and a xenograft derived from the primary tumour. The metastasis contained two de novo mutations and a large deletion not present in the primary tumour, and was significantly enriched for 20 shared mutations. The xenograft retained all primary tumour mutations and displayed a mutation enrichment pattern that resembled the metastasis. Two overlapping large deletions, encompassing CTNNA1, were present in all three tumour samples. The differential mutation frequencies and structural variation patterns in metastasis and xenograft compared with the primary tumour indicate that secondary tumours may arise from a minority of cells within the primary tumour.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872544/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872544/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ding, Li -- Ellis, Matthew J -- Li, Shunqiang -- Larson, David E -- Chen, Ken -- Wallis, John W -- Harris, Christopher C -- McLellan, Michael D -- Fulton, Robert S -- Fulton, Lucinda L -- Abbott, Rachel M -- Hoog, Jeremy -- Dooling, David J -- Koboldt, Daniel C -- Schmidt, Heather -- Kalicki, Joelle -- Zhang, Qunyuan -- Chen, Lei -- Lin, Ling -- Wendl, Michael C -- McMichael, Joshua F -- Magrini, Vincent J -- Cook, Lisa -- McGrath, Sean D -- Vickery, Tammi L -- Appelbaum, Elizabeth -- Deschryver, Katherine -- Davies, Sherri -- Guintoli, Therese -- Lin, Li -- Crowder, Robert -- Tao, Yu -- Snider, Jacqueline E -- Smith, Scott M -- Dukes, Adam F -- Sanderson, Gabriel E -- Pohl, Craig S -- Delehaunty, Kim D -- Fronick, Catrina C -- Pape, Kimberley A -- Reed, Jerry S -- Robinson, Jody S -- Hodges, Jennifer S -- Schierding, William -- Dees, Nathan D -- Shen, Dong -- Locke, Devin P -- Wiechert, Madeline E -- Eldred, James M -- Peck, Josh B -- Oberkfell, Benjamin J -- Lolofie, Justin T -- Du, Feiyu -- Hawkins, Amy E -- O'Laughlin, Michelle D -- Bernard, Kelly E -- Cunningham, Mark -- Elliott, Glendoria -- Mason, Mark D -- Thompson, Dominic M Jr -- Ivanovich, Jennifer L -- Goodfellow, Paul J -- Perou, Charles M -- Weinstock, George M -- Aft, Rebecca -- Watson, Mark -- Ley, Timothy J -- Wilson, Richard K -- Mardis, Elaine R -- 1 U01 CA114722-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 3P50 CA68438/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA114722/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U10 CA076001/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079-07/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024992/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000448/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 15;464(7291):999-1005. doi: 10.1038/nature08989.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Genome Center at Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20393555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Severe behavioural deficits in psychiatric diseases such as autism and schizophrenia have been hypothesized to arise from elevations in the cellular balance of excitation and inhibition (E/I balance) within neural microcircuitry. This hypothesis could unify diverse streams of pathophysiological and genetic evidence, but has not been susceptible to direct testing. Here we design and use several novel optogenetic tools to causally investigate the cellular E/I balance hypothesis in freely moving mammals, and explore the associated circuit physiology. Elevation, but not reduction, of cellular E/I balance within the mouse medial prefrontal cortex was found to elicit a profound impairment in cellular information processing, associated with specific behavioural impairments and increased high-frequency power in the 30-80 Hz range, which have both been observed in clinical conditions in humans. Consistent with the E/I balance hypothesis, compensatory elevation of inhibitory cell excitability partially rescued social deficits caused by E/I balance elevation. These results provide support for the elevated cellular E/I balance hypothesis of severe neuropsychiatric disease-related symptoms.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4155501/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4155501/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yizhar, Ofer -- Fenno, Lief E -- Prigge, Matthias -- Schneider, Franziska -- Davidson, Thomas J -- O'Shea, Daniel J -- Sohal, Vikaas S -- Goshen, Inbal -- Finkelstein, Joel -- Paz, Jeanne T -- Stehfest, Katja -- Fudim, Roman -- Ramakrishnan, Charu -- Huguenard, John R -- Hegemann, Peter -- Deisseroth, Karl -- DP1 OD000616/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH075957/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH086373/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS006477/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS034774/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jul 27;477(7363):171-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10360.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. ofer.yizhar@weizmann.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21796121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Ependymomas are common childhood brain tumours that occur throughout the nervous system, but are most common in the paediatric hindbrain. Current standard therapy comprises surgery and radiation, but not cytotoxic chemotherapy as it does not further increase survival. Whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing of 47 hindbrain ependymomas reveals an extremely low mutation rate, and zero significant recurrent somatic single nucleotide variants. Although devoid of recurrent single nucleotide variants and focal copy number aberrations, poor-prognosis hindbrain ependymomas exhibit a CpG island methylator phenotype. Transcriptional silencing driven by CpG methylation converges exclusively on targets of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 which represses expression of differentiation genes through trimethylation of H3K27. CpG island methylator phenotype-positive hindbrain ependymomas are responsive to clinical drugs that target either DNA or H3K27 methylation both in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that epigenetic modifiers are the first rational therapeutic candidates for this deadly malignancy, which is epigenetically deregulated but genetically bland.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4174313/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4174313/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mack, S C -- Witt, H -- Piro, R M -- Gu, L -- Zuyderduyn, S -- Stutz, A M -- Wang, X -- Gallo, M -- Garzia, L -- Zayne, K -- Zhang, X -- Ramaswamy, V -- Jager, N -- Jones, D T W -- Sill, M -- Pugh, T J -- Ryzhova, M -- Wani, K M -- Shih, D J H -- Head, R -- Remke, M -- Bailey, S D -- Zichner, T -- Faria, C C -- Barszczyk, M -- Stark, S -- Seker-Cin, H -- Hutter, S -- Johann, P -- Bender, S -- Hovestadt, V -- Tzaridis, T -- Dubuc, A M -- Northcott, P A -- Peacock, J -- Bertrand, K C -- Agnihotri, S -- Cavalli, F M G -- Clarke, I -- Nethery-Brokx, K -- Creasy, C L -- Verma, S K -- Koster, J -- Wu, X -- Yao, Y -- Milde, T -- Sin-Chan, P -- Zuccaro, J -- Lau, L -- Pereira, S -- Castelo-Branco, P -- Hirst, M -- Marra, M A -- Roberts, S S -- Fults, D -- Massimi, L -- Cho, Y J -- Van Meter, T -- Grajkowska, W -- Lach, B -- Kulozik, A E -- von Deimling, A -- Witt, O -- Scherer, S W -- Fan, X -- Muraszko, K M -- Kool, M -- Pomeroy, S L -- Gupta, N -- Phillips, J -- Huang, A -- Tabori, U -- Hawkins, C -- Malkin, D -- Kongkham, P N -- Weiss, W A -- Jabado, N -- Rutka, J T -- Bouffet, E -- Korbel, J O -- Lupien, M -- Aldape, K D -- Bader, G D -- Eils, R -- Lichter, P -- Dirks, P B -- Pfister, S M -- Korshunov, A -- Taylor, M D -- P30 CA016672/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA097257/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA121941/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA148621/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA163737/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA148699/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA159859/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2014 Feb 27;506(7489):445-50. doi: 10.1038/nature13108. Epub 2014 Feb 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada [2] Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada [3] Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada [4]. ; 1] Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany [3] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany [4]. ; 1] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany [2] Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany. ; 1] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany [2] Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany. ; Department of Molecular Genetics, Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M4N 1X8, Canada. ; 1] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany [2] Genome Biology, European Molecular Biology, Laboratory Meyerhofstr. 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. ; 1] Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada [2] Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. ; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada. ; Department of Genetics, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA. ; 1] Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany [2] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany. ; 1] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany [2] Division of Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany. ; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, MIT, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. ; 1] Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada [2] Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada. ; Cancer Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA. ; Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105, The Netherlands. ; 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany [2] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany [3] CCU Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany. ; 1] Centre for High-Throughput Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 British Columbia, Canada [2] Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada. ; 1] Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada [2] Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3N1, Canada. ; Department of Pediatrics and National Capital Consortium, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA. ; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA. ; Pediatric Neurosurgery, Catholic University Medical School, Gemelli Hospital, Rome 00168, Italy. ; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0646, USA. ; Department of Pathology, University of Warsaw, Children's Memorial Health Institute University of Warsaw, Warsaw 04-730, Poland. ; Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada. ; 1] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany [2] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany. ; 1] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany [2] Department of Neuropathology Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg 69120, Germany. ; 1] University of Michigan Cell and Developmental Biology, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA [2] Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. ; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. ; Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0112, USA. ; Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, The Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Building, San Francisco, California 94158, USA. ; 1] Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada [2] Department of Neuro-oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada. ; Department of Haematology and Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada. ; 1] Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada [2] Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada [3] Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. ; Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H3Z 2Z3, Canada. ; Department of Neuro-oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada. ; Genome Biology, European Molecular Biology, Laboratory Meyerhofstr. 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. ; 1] Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada [2] Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada [3] Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada. ; 1] Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada [2] Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada [3] Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada [4] Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. ; 1] Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany [3] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany. ; 1] German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg 69120, Germany [2] University of Michigan Cell and Developmental Biology, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA [3] CCU Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24553142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Liquid crystals are traditionally classified as thermotropic, lyotropic or polymeric, based on the stimulus that governs the organization and order of the molecular system. The most widely known and applied class of liquid crystals are a subset of thermotropic liquid crystals known as calamitic, in which adding heat can result in phase transitions from or into the nematic, cholesteric and smectic mesophases. Photoresponsive liquid-crystal materials and mixtures can undergo isothermal phase transitions if light affects the order parameter of the system within a mesophase sufficiently. In nearly all previous examinations, light exposure of photoresponsive liquid-crystal materials and mixtures resulted in order-decreasing photo-induced isothermal phase transitions. Under specialized conditions, an increase in order with light exposure has been reported, despite the tendency of the photoresponsive liquid-crystal system to reduce order in the exposed state. A direct, photo-induced transition from the isotropic to the nematic phase has been observed in a mixture of spiropyran molecules and a nematic liquid crystal. Here we report a class of naphthopyran-based materials that exhibit photo-induced conformational changes in molecular structure capable of yielding order-increasing phase transitions. Appropriate functionalization of the naphthopyran molecules leads to an exceedingly large order parameter in the open form, which results in a clear to strongly absorbing dichroic state. The increase in order with light exposure has profound implications in optics, photonics, lasing and displays and will merit further consideration for applications in solar energy harvesting. The large, photo-induced dichroism exhibited by the material system has been long sought in ophthalmic applications such as photochromic and polarized variable transmission sunglasses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kosa, Tamas -- Sukhomlinova, Ludmila -- Su, Linli -- Taheri, Bahman -- White, Timothy J -- Bunning, Timothy J -- England -- Nature. 2012 May 16;485(7398):347-9. doi: 10.1038/nature11122.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alpha Micron Inc., Kent, Ohio 44240, USA. tamas@alphamicron.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22596158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Regulated transcription controls the diversity, developmental pathways and spatial organization of the hundreds of cell types that make up a mammal. Using single-molecule cDNA sequencing, we mapped transcription start sites (TSSs) and their usage in human and mouse primary cells, cell lines and tissues to produce a comprehensive overview of mammalian gene expression across the human body. We find that few genes are truly 'housekeeping', whereas many mammalian promoters are composite entities composed of several closely separated TSSs, with independent cell-type-specific expression profiles. TSSs specific to different cell types evolve at different rates, whereas promoters of broadly expressed genes are the most conserved. Promoter-based expression analysis reveals key transcription factors defining cell states and links them to binding-site motifs. The functions of identified novel transcripts can be predicted by coexpression and sample ontology enrichment analyses. The functional annotation of the mammalian genome 5 (FANTOM5) project provides comprehensive expression profiles and functional annotation of mammalian cell-type-specific transcriptomes with wide applications in biomedical research.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4529748/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4529748/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉FANTOM Consortium and the RIKEN PMI and CLST (DGT) -- Forrest, Alistair R R -- Kawaji, Hideya -- Rehli, Michael -- Baillie, J Kenneth -- de Hoon, Michiel J L -- Haberle, Vanja -- Lassmann, Timo -- Kulakovskiy, Ivan V -- Lizio, Marina -- Itoh, Masayoshi -- Andersson, Robin -- Mungall, Christopher J -- Meehan, Terrence F -- Schmeier, Sebastian -- Bertin, Nicolas -- Jorgensen, Mette -- Dimont, Emmanuel -- Arner, Erik -- Schmidl, Christian -- Schaefer, Ulf -- Medvedeva, Yulia A -- Plessy, Charles -- Vitezic, Morana -- Severin, Jessica -- Semple, Colin A -- Ishizu, Yuri -- Young, Robert S -- Francescatto, Margherita -- Alam, Intikhab -- Albanese, Davide -- Altschuler, Gabriel M -- Arakawa, Takahiro -- Archer, John A C -- Arner, Peter -- Babina, Magda -- Rennie, Sarah -- Balwierz, Piotr J -- Beckhouse, Anthony G -- Pradhan-Bhatt, Swati -- Blake, Judith A -- Blumenthal, Antje -- Bodega, Beatrice -- Bonetti, Alessandro -- Briggs, James -- Brombacher, Frank -- Burroughs, A Maxwell -- Califano, Andrea -- Cannistraci, Carlo V -- Carbajo, Daniel -- Chen, Yun -- Chierici, Marco -- Ciani, Yari -- Clevers, Hans C -- Dalla, Emiliano -- Davis, Carrie A -- Detmar, Michael -- Diehl, Alexander D -- Dohi, Taeko -- Drablos, Finn -- Edge, Albert S B -- Edinger, Matthias -- Ekwall, Karl -- Endoh, Mitsuhiro -- Enomoto, Hideki -- Fagiolini, Michela -- Fairbairn, Lynsey -- Fang, Hai -- Farach-Carson, Mary C -- Faulkner, Geoffrey J -- Favorov, Alexander V -- Fisher, Malcolm E -- Frith, Martin C -- Fujita, Rie -- Fukuda, Shiro -- Furlanello, Cesare -- Furino, Masaaki -- Furusawa, Jun-ichi -- Geijtenbeek, Teunis B -- Gibson, Andrew P -- Gingeras, Thomas -- Goldowitz, Daniel -- Gough, Julian -- Guhl, Sven -- Guler, Reto -- Gustincich, Stefano -- Ha, Thomas J -- Hamaguchi, Masahide -- Hara, Mitsuko -- Harbers, Matthias -- Harshbarger, Jayson -- Hasegawa, Akira -- Hasegawa, Yuki -- Hashimoto, Takehiro -- Herlyn, Meenhard -- Hitchens, Kelly J -- Ho Sui, Shannan J -- Hofmann, Oliver M -- Hoof, Ilka -- Hori, Furni -- Huminiecki, Lukasz -- Iida, Kei -- Ikawa, Tomokatsu -- Jankovic, Boris R -- Jia, Hui -- Joshi, Anagha -- Jurman, Giuseppe -- Kaczkowski, Bogumil -- Kai, Chieko -- Kaida, Kaoru -- Kaiho, Ai -- Kajiyama, Kazuhiro -- Kanamori-Katayama, Mutsumi -- Kasianov, Artem S -- Kasukawa, Takeya -- Katayama, Shintaro -- Kato, Sachi -- Kawaguchi, Shuji -- Kawamoto, Hiroshi -- Kawamura, Yuki I -- Kawashima, Tsugumi -- Kempfle, Judith S -- Kenna, Tony J -- Kere, Juha -- Khachigian, Levon M -- Kitamura, Toshio -- Klinken, S Peter -- Knox, Alan J -- Kojima, Miki -- Kojima, Soichi -- Kondo, Naoto -- Koseki, Haruhiko -- Koyasu, Shigeo -- Krampitz, Sarah -- Kubosaki, Atsutaka -- Kwon, Andrew T -- Laros, Jeroen F J -- Lee, Weonju -- Lennartsson, Andreas -- Li, Kang -- Lilje, Berit -- Lipovich, Leonard -- Mackay-Sim, Alan -- Manabe, Ri-ichiroh -- Mar, Jessica C -- Marchand, Benoit -- Mathelier, Anthony -- Mejhert, Niklas -- Meynert, Alison -- Mizuno, Yosuke -- de Lima Morais, David A -- Morikawa, Hiromasa -- Morimoto, Mitsuru -- Moro, Kazuyo -- Motakis, Efthymios -- Motohashi, Hozumi -- Mummery, Christine L -- Murata, Mitsuyoshi -- Nagao-Sato, Sayaka -- Nakachi, Yutaka -- Nakahara, Fumio -- Nakamura, Toshiyuki -- Nakamura, Yukio -- Nakazato, Kenichi -- van Nimwegen, Erik -- Ninomiya, Noriko -- Nishiyori, Hiromi -- Noma, Shohei -- Noazaki, Tadasuke -- Ogishima, Soichi -- Ohkura, Naganari -- Ohimiya, Hiroko -- Ohno, Hiroshi -- Ohshima, Mitsuhiro -- Okada-Hatakeyama, Mariko -- Okazaki, Yasushi -- Orlando, Valerio -- Ovchinnikov, Dmitry A -- Pain, Arnab -- Passier, Robert -- Patrikakis, Margaret -- Persson, Helena -- Piazza, Silvano -- Prendergast, James G D -- Rackham, Owen J L -- Ramilowski, Jordan A -- Rashid, Mamoon -- Ravasi, Timothy -- Rizzu, Patrizia -- Roncador, Marco -- Roy, Sugata -- Rye, Morten B -- Saijyo, Eri -- Sajantila, Antti -- Saka, Akiko -- Sakaguchi, Shimon -- Sakai, Mizuho -- Sato, Hiroki -- Savvi, Suzana -- Saxena, Alka -- Schneider, Claudio -- Schultes, Erik A -- Schulze-Tanzil, Gundula G -- Schwegmann, Anita -- Sengstag, Thierry -- Sheng, Guojun -- Shimoji, Hisashi -- Shimoni, Yishai -- Shin, Jay W -- Simon, Christophe -- Sugiyama, Daisuke -- Sugiyama, Takaai -- Suzuki, Masanori -- Suzuki, Naoko -- Swoboda, Rolf K -- 't Hoen, Peter A C -- Tagami, Michihira -- Takahashi, Naoko -- Takai, Jun -- Tanaka, Hiroshi -- Tatsukawa, Hideki -- Tatum, Zuotian -- Thompson, Mark -- Toyodo, Hiroo -- Toyoda, Tetsuro -- Valen, Elvind -- van de Wetering, Marc -- van den Berg, Linda M -- Verado, Roberto -- Vijayan, Dipti -- Vorontsov, Ilya E -- Wasserman, Wyeth W -- Watanabe, Shoko -- Wells, Christine A -- Winteringham, Louise N -- Wolvetang, Ernst -- Wood, Emily J -- Yamaguchi, Yoko -- Yamamoto, Masayuki -- Yoneda, Misako -- Yonekura, Yohei -- Yoshida, Shigehiro -- Zabierowski, Susan E -- Zhang, Peter G -- Zhao, Xiaobei -- Zucchelli, Silvia -- Summers, Kim M -- Suzuki, Harukazu -- Daub, Carsten O -- Kawai, Jun -- Heutink, Peter -- Hide, Winston -- Freeman, Tom C -- Lenhard, Boris -- Bajic, Vladimir B -- Taylor, Martin S -- Makeev, Vsevolod J -- Sandelin, Albin -- Hume, David A -- Carninci, Piero -- Hayashizaki, Yoshihide -- BB/F003722/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/G022771/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/I001107/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_PC_U127597124/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UP_1102/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 DE022969/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084875/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Mar 27;507(7493):462-70. doi: 10.1038/nature13182.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24670764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Within a Kondo lattice, the strong hybridization between electrons localized in real space (r-space) and those delocalized in momentum-space (k-space) generates exotic electronic states called 'heavy fermions'. In URu(2)Si(2) these effects begin at temperatures around 55 K but they are suddenly altered by an unidentified electronic phase transition at T(o) = 17.5 K. Whether this is conventional ordering of the k-space states, or a change in the hybridization of the r-space states at each U atom, is unknown. Here we use spectroscopic imaging scanning tunnelling microscopy (SI-STM) to image the evolution of URu(2)Si(2) electronic structure simultaneously in r-space and k-space. Above T(o), the 'Fano lattice' electronic structure predicted for Kondo screening of a magnetic lattice is revealed. Below T(o), a partial energy gap without any associated density-wave signatures emerges from this Fano lattice. Heavy-quasiparticle interference imaging within this gap reveals its cause as the rapid splitting below T(o) of a light k-space band into two new heavy fermion bands. Thus, the URu(2)Si(2) 'hidden order' state emerges directly from the Fano lattice electronic structure and exhibits characteristics, not of a conventional density wave, but of sudden alterations in both the hybridization at each U atom and the associated heavy fermion states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmidt, A R -- Hamidian, M H -- Wahl, P -- Meier, F -- Balatsky, A V -- Garrett, J D -- Williams, T J -- Luke, G M -- Davis, J C -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 3;465(7298):570-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09073.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20520706" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Millennial-scale cold reversals in the high latitudes of both hemispheres interrupted the last transition from full glacial to interglacial climate conditions. The presence of the Younger Dryas stadial (approximately 12.9 to approximately 11.7 kyr ago) is established throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere, but the global timing, nature and extent of the event are not well established. Evidence in mid to low latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere, in particular, has remained perplexing. The debate has in part focused on the behaviour of mountain glaciers in New Zealand, where previous research has found equivocal evidence for the precise timing of increased or reduced ice extent. The interhemispheric behaviour of the climate system during the Younger Dryas thus remains an open question, fundamentally limiting our ability to formulate realistic models of global climate dynamics for this time period. Here we show that New Zealand's glaciers retreated after approximately 13 kyr bp, at the onset of the Younger Dryas, and in general over the subsequent approximately 1.5-kyr period. Our evidence is based on detailed landform mapping, a high-precision (10)Be chronology and reconstruction of former ice extents and snow lines from well-preserved cirque moraines. Our late-glacial glacier chronology matches climatic trends in Antarctica, Southern Ocean behaviour and variations in atmospheric CO(2). The evidence points to a distinct warming of the southern mid-latitude atmosphere during the Younger Dryas and a close coupling between New Zealand's cryosphere and southern high-latitude climate. These findings support the hypothesis that extensive winter sea ice and curtailed meridional ocean overturning in the North Atlantic led to a strong interhemispheric thermal gradient during late-glacial times, in turn leading to increased upwelling and CO(2) release from the Southern Ocean, thereby triggering Southern Hemisphere warming during the northern Younger Dryas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaplan, Michael R -- Schaefer, Joerg M -- Denton, George H -- Barrell, David J A -- Chinn, Trevor J H -- Putnam, Aaron E -- Andersen, Bjorn G -- Finkel, Robert C -- Schwartz, Roseanne -- Doughty, Alice M -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 9;467(7312):194-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09313.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Geochemistry, Palisades, New York 10964, USA. mkaplan@ldeo.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20829791" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉