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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-04-28
    Description: Atmospheric water is a resource equivalent to ~10% of all fresh water in lakes on Earth. However, an efficient process for capturing and delivering water from air, especially at low humidity levels (down to 20%), has not been developed. We report the design and demonstration of a device based on a porous metal-organic framework {MOF-801, [Zr 6 O 4 (OH) 4 (fumarate) 6 ]} that captures water from the atmosphere at ambient conditions by using low-grade heat from natural sunlight at a flux of less than 1 sun (1 kilowatt per square meter). This device is capable of harvesting 2.8 liters of water per kilogram of MOF daily at relative humidity levels as low as 20% and requires no additional input of energy.
    Keywords: Chemistry, Engineering
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2000-09-01
    Description: Epithelia of the vertebrate intestinal tract characteristically maintain an inflammatory hyporesponsiveness toward the lumenal prokaryotic microflora. We report the identification of enteric organisms (nonvirulent Salmonella strains) whose direct interaction with model human epithelia attenuate synthesis of inflammatory effector molecules elicited by diverse proinflammatory stimuli. This immunosuppressive effect involves inhibition of the inhibitor kappaB/nuclear factor kappaB (IkappaB/NF-kappaB) pathway by blockade of IkappaB-alpha degradation, which prevents subsequent nuclear translocation of active NF-kappaB dimer. Although phosphorylation of IkappaB-alpha occurs, subsequent polyubiquitination necessary for regulated IkappaB-alpha degradation is completely abrogated. These data suggest that prokaryotic determinants could be responsible for the unique tolerance of the gastrointestinal mucosa to proinflammatory stimuli.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neish, A S -- Gewirtz, A T -- Zeng, H -- Young, A N -- Hobert, M E -- Karmali, V -- Rao, A S -- Madara, J L -- DK-35932/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK-47662/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK09800/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 1;289(5484):1560-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Epithelial Pathobiology Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. aneish@emory.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10968793" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Dimerization ; Humans ; *I-kappa B Proteins ; Inflammation Mediators/pharmacology ; Interleukin-8/genetics/metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Leupeptins/pharmacology ; Ligases/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Salmonella/pathogenicity/*physiology ; Salmonella typhimurium/pathogenicity/physiology ; *Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factor RelA ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Ubiquitins/metabolism ; beta Catenin
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shannon, M Frances -- Rao, Sudha -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):666-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Bioscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia. frances.shannon@anu.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Cycle ; Chromatin/genetics/*metabolism ; Computational Biology ; DNA/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; DNA, Fungal/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genome ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Precipitin Tests ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Regulon ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Yeasts/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2009-01-24
    Description: Carbonaceous aerosols cause strong atmospheric heating and large surface cooling that is as important to South Asian climate forcing as greenhouse gases, yet the aerosol sources are poorly understood. Emission inventory models suggest that biofuel burning accounts for 50 to 90% of emissions, whereas the elemental composition of ambient aerosols points to fossil fuel combustion. We used radiocarbon measurements of winter monsoon aerosols from western India and the Indian Ocean to determine that biomass combustion produced two-thirds of the bulk carbonaceous aerosols, as well as one-half and two-thirds of two black carbon subfractions, respectively. These constraints show that both biomass combustion (such as residential cooking and agricultural burning) and fossil fuel combustion should be targeted to mitigate climate effects and improve air quality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gustafsson, Orjan -- Krusa, Martin -- Zencak, Zdenek -- Sheesley, Rebecca J -- Granat, Lennart -- Engstrom, Erik -- Praveen, P S -- Rao, P S P -- Leck, Caroline -- Rodhe, Henning -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 23;323(5913):495-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1164857.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. orjan.gustafsson@itm.su.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19164746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: The rapid dissemination of the 2009 pandemic influenza virus underscores the need for universal influenza vaccines that elicit protective immunity to diverse viral strains. Here, we show that vaccination with plasmid DNA encoding H1N1 influenza hemagglutinin (HA) and boosting with seasonal vaccine or replication-defective adenovirus 5 vector encoding HA stimulated the production of broadly neutralizing influenza antibodies. This prime/boost combination increased the neutralization of diverse H1N1 strains dating from 1934 to 2007 as compared to either component alone and conferred protection against divergent H1N1 viruses in mice and ferrets. These antibodies were directed to the conserved stem region of HA and were also elicited in nonhuman primates. Cross-neutralization of H1N1 subtypes elicited by this approach provides a basis for the development of a universal influenza vaccine for humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wei, Chih-Jen -- Boyington, Jeffrey C -- McTamney, Patrick M -- Kong, Wing-Pui -- Pearce, Melissa B -- Xu, Ling -- Andersen, Hanne -- Rao, Srinivas -- Tumpey, Terrence M -- Yang, Zhi-Yong -- Nabel, Gary J -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 27;329(5995):1060-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1192517. Epub 2010 Jul 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-3005, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis/*immunology ; *Cross Protection ; Female ; Ferrets ; Genetic Vectors ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunization, Secondary ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype/immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology ; Influenza Vaccines/*administration & dosage/*immunology ; Influenza, Human/immunology/prevention & control ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mutant Proteins/immunology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology/prevention & control ; Plasmids ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-11-02
    Description: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization for children under 5 years of age. We sought to engineer a viral antigen that provides greater protection than currently available vaccines and focused on antigenic site O, a metastable site specific to the prefusion state of the RSV fusion (F) glycoprotein, as this site is targeted by extremely potent RSV-neutralizing antibodies. Structure-based design yielded stabilized versions of RSV F that maintained antigenic site O when exposed to extremes of pH, osmolality, and temperature. Six RSV F crystal structures provided atomic-level data on how introduced cysteine residues and filled hydrophobic cavities improved stability. Immunization with site O-stabilized variants of RSV F in mice and macaques elicited levels of RSV-specific neutralizing activity many times the protective threshold.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4461862/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4461862/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLellan, Jason S -- Chen, Man -- Joyce, M Gordon -- Sastry, Mallika -- Stewart-Jones, Guillaume B E -- Yang, Yongping -- Zhang, Baoshan -- Chen, Lei -- Srivatsan, Sanjay -- Zheng, Anqi -- Zhou, Tongqing -- Graepel, Kevin W -- Kumar, Azad -- Moin, Syed -- Boyington, Jeffrey C -- Chuang, Gwo-Yu -- Soto, Cinque -- Baxa, Ulrich -- Bakker, Arjen Q -- Spits, Hergen -- Beaumont, Tim -- Zheng, Zizheng -- Xia, Ningshao -- Ko, Sung-Youl -- Todd, John-Paul -- Rao, Srinivas -- Graham, Barney S -- Kwong, Peter D -- ZIA AI005024-11/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA AI005061-10/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Nov 1;342(6158):592-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1243283.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24179220" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/*chemistry/genetics/immunology ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cysteine/chemistry/genetics ; Glycoproteins/*chemistry/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Macaca ; Mice ; Protein Engineering ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Stability ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/*prevention & control ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/*chemistry ; Vaccination ; Viral Fusion Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1996-09-13
    Description: The solution structure of a human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) Rev peptide bound to stem-loop IIB of the Rev response element (RRE) RNA was solved by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The Rev peptide has an alpha-helical conformation and binds in the major groove of the RNA near a purine-rich internal loop. Several arginine side chains make base-specific contacts, and an asparagine residue contacts a G.A base pair. The phosphate backbone adjacent to a G.G base pair adopts an unusual structure that allows the peptide to access a widened major groove. The structure formed by the two purine-purine base pairs of the RRE creates a distinctive binding pocket that the peptide can use for specific recognition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Battiste, J L -- Mao, H -- Rao, N S -- Tan, R -- Muhandiram, D R -- Kay, L E -- Frankel, A D -- Williamson, J R -- GM-08344/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-39589/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-53320/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Sep 13;273(5281):1547-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8703216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arginine/chemistry ; Asparagine/chemistry ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry ; Gene Products, rev/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Genes, env ; HIV-1/*chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Kinases/chemistry ; *Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA, Viral/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Threonine/chemistry ; rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2006-06-10
    Description: Vaccine-induced cellular immunity controls virus replication in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected monkeys only transiently, leading to the question of whether such vaccines for AIDS will be effective. We immunized monkeys with plasmid DNA and replication-defective adenoviral vectors encoding SIV proteins and then challenged them with pathogenic SIV. Although these monkeys demonstrated a reduction in viremia restricted to the early phase of SIV infection, they showed a prolonged survival. This survival was associated with preserved central memory CD4+ T lymphocytes and could be predicted by the magnitude of the vaccine-induced cellular immune response. These immune correlates of vaccine efficacy should guide the evaluation of AIDS vaccines in humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2365913/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2365913/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Letvin, Norman L -- Mascola, John R -- Sun, Yue -- Gorgone, Darci A -- Buzby, Adam P -- Xu, Ling -- Yang, Zhi-Yong -- Chakrabarti, Bimal -- Rao, Srinivas S -- Schmitz, Jorn E -- Montefiori, David C -- Barker, Brianne R -- Bookstein, Fred L -- Nabel, Gary J -- Z99 AI999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 9;312(5779):1530-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. nletvin@bidmc.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16763152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Humans ; *Immunologic Memory ; Macaca mulatta ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmids ; SAIDS Vaccines/*immunology ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/prevention & control ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*immunology ; Survival Analysis ; Vaccines, DNA/*immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology ; Virus Replication
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2014-11-08
    Description: Mitochondria play central roles in cellular energy conversion, metabolism, and apoptosis. Mitochondria import more than 1000 different proteins from the cytosol. It is unknown if the mitochondrial protein import machinery is connected to the cell division cycle. We found that the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1 stimulated assembly of the main mitochondrial entry gate, the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM), in mitosis. The molecular mechanism involved phosphorylation of the cytosolic precursor of Tom6 by cyclin Clb3-activated Cdk1, leading to enhanced import of Tom6 into mitochondria. Tom6 phosphorylation promoted assembly of the protein import channel Tom40 and import of fusion proteins, thus stimulating the respiratory activity of mitochondria in mitosis. Tom6 phosphorylation provides a direct means for regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and activity in a cell cycle-specific manner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harbauer, Angelika B -- Opalinska, Magdalena -- Gerbeth, Carolin -- Herman, Josip S -- Rao, Sanjana -- Schonfisch, Birgit -- Guiard, Bernard -- Schmidt, Oliver -- Pfanner, Nikolaus -- Meisinger, Chris -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 28;346(6213):1109-13. doi: 10.1126/science.1261253. Epub 2014 Nov 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Trinationales Graduiertenkolleg 1478, Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Faculty of Biology, Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. ; Institut fur Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. ; Institut fur Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Trinationales Graduiertenkolleg 1478, Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Faculty of Biology, Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. ; Institut fur Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Faculty of Biology, Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. ; Centre de Genetique Moleculaire, CNRS, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. ; Institut fur Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. ; Institut fur Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Universitat Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. nikolaus.pfanner@biochemie.uni-freiburg.de chris.meisinger@biochemie.uni-freiburg.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25378463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: CDC2 Protein Kinase/metabolism ; *Cell Cycle ; Cyclin B/metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Precursors/*metabolism ; Protein Transport ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*cytology/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1984-05-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hicks, B B -- Rao, K S -- Durham, J L -- Gifford, F A -- Lenschow, D H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 25;224(4651):905.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17743199" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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