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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (5)
  • 1
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    Molecular Origin of Io's Fast Sodium (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-20
    Description: Neutral sodium emissions encircling Jupiter exhibit an intricate and variable structure that is well matched by a simple loss process from Io's atmosphere. These observations imply that fast neutral sodium is created locally in the Io plasma torus, both near Io and as much as 8 hours downstream. Sodium-bearing molecules may be present in Io's upper atmosphere, where they are ionized by the plasma torus and swept downstream. The molecular ions dissociate and dissociatively recombine on a short time scale, releasing neutral fragments into escape trajectories from Jupiter. This theory explains a diverse set of sodium observations, and it implies that molecular reactions (particularly electron impact ionization and dissociation) are important at the top of Io's atmosphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schneider, N M -- Trauger, J T -- Wilson, J K -- Brown, D I -- Evans, R W -- Shemansky, D E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 20;253(5026):1394-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17793479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Ultraviolet spectrometer observations of neptune and triton (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-15
    Description: Results from the occultation of the sun by Neptune imply a temperature of 750 +/- 150 kelvins in the upper levels of the atmosphere (composed mostly of atomic and molecular hydrogen) and define the distributions of methane, acetylene, and ethane at lower levels. The ultraviolet spectrum of the sunlit atmosphere of Neptune resembles the spectra of the Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus atmospheres in that it is dominated by the emissions of H Lyman alpha (340 +/- 20 rayleighs) and molecular hydrogen. The extreme ultraviolet emissions in the range from 800 to 1100 angstroms at the four planets visited by Voyager scale approximately as the inverse square of their heliocentric distances. Weak auroral emissions have been tentatively identified on the night side of Neptune. Airglow and occultation observations of Triton's atmosphere show that it is composed mainly of molecular nitrogen, with a trace of methane near the surface. The temperature of Triton's upper atmosphere is 95 +/- 5 kelvins, and the surface pressure is roughly 14 microbars.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Broadfoot, A L -- Atreya, S K -- Bertaux, J L -- Blamont, J E -- Dessler, A J -- Donahue, T M -- Forrester, W T -- Hall, D T -- Herbert, F -- Holberg, J B -- Hunter, D M -- Krasnopolsky, V A -- Linick, S -- Lunine, J I -- McConnell, J C -- Moos, H W -- Sandel, B R -- Schneider, N M -- Shemansky, D E -- Smith, G R -- Strobel, D F -- Yelle, R V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 15;246(4936):1459-66.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17756000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Response of the Io plasma torus to comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-03
    Description: Spectroscopic and imaging observations of the Io plasma torus were made in June and July 1994 in conjunction with the encounter of periodic comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter. Characteristic emissions from sulfur and oxygen ions showed a decline of about 30 percent in the extreme ultraviolet and an increase of about 40 percent in the far ultraviolet relative to preimpact observations. Changes in the extreme ultraviolet may be indicative of small changes in the torus electron temperature as a result of quenching of electrons by dust associated with the comet passage. However, no new emission features indicative of fragment dust within the torus were detected. The characteristic torus morphology seen in ground-based imaging was typical of that observed in the past.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGrath, M A -- Hall, D T -- Matheson, P L -- Weaver, H A -- Trauger, J T -- Smith, T E -- Thomas, N -- Gladstone, R -- Schneider, N M -- Harris, W M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 3;267(5202):1313-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7871429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Jupiter ; Magnetics ; *Solar System ; Sulfur/analysis ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Discovery of diffuse aurora on Mars (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-07
    Description: Planetary auroras reveal the complex interplay between an atmosphere and the surrounding plasma environment. We report the discovery of low-altitude, diffuse auroras spanning much of Mars' northern hemisphere, coincident with a solar energetic particle outburst. The Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph, a remote sensing instrument on the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft, detected auroral emission in virtually all nightside observations for ~5 days, spanning nearly all geographic longitudes. Emission extended down to ~60 kilometer (km) altitude (1 microbar), deeper than confirmed at any other planet. Solar energetic particles were observed up to 200 kilo--electron volts; these particles are capable of penetrating down to the 60 km altitude. Given minimal magnetic fields over most of the planet, Mars is likely to exhibit auroras more globally than Earth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schneider, N M -- Deighan, J I -- Jain, S K -- Stiepen, A -- Stewart, A I F -- Larson, D -- Mitchell, D L -- Mazelle, C -- Lee, C O -- Lillis, R J -- Evans, J S -- Brain, D -- Stevens, M H -- McClintock, W E -- Chaffin, M S -- Crismani, M -- Holsclaw, G M -- Lefevre, F -- Lo, D Y -- Clarke, J T -- Montmessin, F -- Jakosky, B M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 6;350(6261):aad0313. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0313.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA. nick.schneider@lasp.colorado.edu. ; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA. ; Space Sciences Lab, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie (IRAP), CNRS, Toulouse, France. University Paul Sabatier, IRAP, CNRS, Toulouse, France. ; Computational Physics, Inc, Springfield, VA 22151, USA. ; Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA. ; Laboratoire Atmospheres, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Guyancourt, France. ; Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26542577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Eclipse Measurements of Io's Sodium Atmosphere (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-10-02
    Description: The satellites of Jupiter eclipsed each other in 1985, and these events allowed an unusual measurement of the sodium in Io's extended atmosphere. Europa was used as a mirror to look back through the Io atmosphere at the sun. The measured column abundances suggest that the atmosphere is collisionally thin above 700 kilometers and may be collisionally thin to the surface. The sodium radial profile above 700 kilometers resembles a 1500 kelvin exosphere with a surface density near 2 x 10(4) sodium atoms per cubic centimeter, but a complete explanation of the dynamics requires a more complex nonthermal model: the calculated loss rates suggest that the atmosphere is being replaced on a time scale of hours.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schneider, N M -- Hunten, D M -- Wells, W K -- Trafton, L M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Oct 2;238(4823):55-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17835653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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