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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1989-02-24
    Description: The complete amino acid sequence of amphiregulin, a bifunctional cell growth modulator, was determined. The truncated form contains 78 amino acids, whereas a larger form of amphiregulin contains six additional amino acids at the amino-terminal end. The amino-terminal half of amphiregulin is extremely hydrophilic and contains unusually high numbers of lysine, arginine, and asparagine residues. The carboxyl-terminal half of amphiregulin (residues 46 to 84) exhibits striking homology to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of proteins. Amphiregulin binds to the EGF receptor but not as well as EGF does. Amphiregulin fully supplants the requirement for EGF or transforming growth factor-alpha in murine keratinocyte growth, but it is a much weaker growth stimulator in other cell systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shoyab, M -- Plowman, G D -- McDonald, V L -- Bradley, J G -- Todaro, G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 24;243(4894 Pt 1):1074-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oncogen, Seattle, WA 98121.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2466334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amphiregulin ; Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Cell Division ; EGF Family of Proteins ; Epidermal Growth Factor/physiology ; Epidermis/cytology ; Glycoproteins/*physiology ; Growth Substances/*physiology ; Humans ; *Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Keratins/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Radioligand Assay ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transforming Growth Factors/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2007-06-09
    Description: We describe a sensitive mRNA profiling technology, PMAGE (for "polony multiplex analysis of gene expression"), which detects messenger RNAs (mRNAs) as rare as one transcript per three cells. PMAGE incorporates an improved ligation-based method to sequence 14-nucleotide tags derived from individual mRNA molecules. One sequence tag from each mRNA molecule is amplified onto a separate 1-micrometer bead, denoted as a polymerase colony or polony, and about 5 million polonies are arrayed in a flow cell for parallel sequencing. Using PMAGE, we identified early transcriptional changes that preceded pathological manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in mice carrying a disease-causing mutation. PMAGE provided a comprehensive profile of cardiac mRNAs, including low-abundance mRNAs encoding signaling molecules and transcription factors that are likely to participate in disease pathogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Jae Bum -- Porreca, Gregory J -- Song, Lei -- Greenway, Steven C -- Gorham, Joshua M -- Church, George M -- Seidman, Christine E -- Seidman, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 8;316(5830):1481-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17556586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; DNA, Complementary ; Fibrosis/genetics/pathology ; Gene Expression Profiling/*methods ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Library ; Heart Ventricles/metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Templates, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Ventricular Myosins/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2012-12-12
    Description: High-resolution gravity data obtained from the dual Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) spacecraft show that the bulk density of the Moon's highlands crust is 2550 kilograms per cubic meter, substantially lower than generally assumed. When combined with remote sensing and sample data, this density implies an average crustal porosity of 12% to depths of at least a few kilometers. Lateral variations in crustal porosity correlate with the largest impact basins, whereas lateral variations in crustal density correlate with crustal composition. The low-bulk crustal density allows construction of a global crustal thickness model that satisfies the Apollo seismic constraints, and with an average crustal thickness between 34 and 43 kilometers, the bulk refractory element composition of the Moon is not required to be enriched with respect to that of Earth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wieczorek, Mark A -- Neumann, Gregory A -- Nimmo, Francis -- Kiefer, Walter S -- Taylor, G Jeffrey -- Melosh, H Jay -- Phillips, Roger J -- Solomon, Sean C -- Andrews-Hanna, Jeffrey C -- Asmar, Sami W -- Konopliv, Alexander S -- Lemoine, Frank G -- Smith, David E -- Watkins, Michael M -- Williams, James G -- Zuber, Maria T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 8;339(6120):671-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1231530. Epub 2012 Dec 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Universite Paris Diderot, Case 7071, Lamarck A, 5, rue Thomas Mann, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France. wieczor@ipgp.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23223394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1997-06-27
    Description: Current medical imaging technologies allow visualization of tissue anatomy in the human body at resolutions ranging from 100 micrometers to 1 millimeter. These technologies are generally not sensitive enough to detect early-stage tissue abnormalities associated with diseases such as cancer and atherosclerosis, which require micrometer-scale resolution. Here, optical coherence tomography was adapted to allow high-speed visualization of tissue in a living animal with a catheter-endoscope 1 millimeter in diameter. This method, referred to as "optical biopsy," was used to obtain cross-sectional images of the rabbit gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts at 10-micrometer resolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tearney, G J -- Brezinski, M E -- Bouma, B E -- Boppart, S A -- Pitris, C -- Southern, J F -- Fujimoto, J G -- NIH-1-R29-HL55686-01A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NIH-9-RO1-EY11289/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 27;276(5321):2037-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Building 36-357, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9197265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anatomy, Cross-Sectional ; Animals ; Biopsy ; Catheterization/instrumentation ; Endoscopes ; Epithelium/anatomy & histology ; Esophagoscopes ; Esophagus/*anatomy & histology/blood supply ; Fiber Optic Technology ; Interferometry/instrumentation ; Lasers ; Mucous Membrane/anatomy & histology ; Rabbits ; Scattering, Radiation ; Tomography/instrumentation/*methods ; Trachea/*anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉DNA structural transitions facilitate genomic processes, mediate drug-DNA interactions, and inform the development of emerging DNA-based biotechnology such as programmable materials and DNA origami. While some features of DNA conformational changes are well characterized, fundamental information such as the orientations of the DNA base pairs is unknown. Here, we use concurrent fluorescence polarization imaging and DNA manipulation experiments to probe the structure of S-DNA, an elusive, elongated conformation that can be accessed by mechanical overstretching. To this end, we directly quantify the orientations and rotational dynamics of fluorescent DNA-intercalated dyes. At extensions beyond the DNA overstretching transition, intercalators adopt a tilted ( ~ 54°) orientation relative to the DNA axis, distinct from the nearly perpendicular orientation ( ~ 90°) normally assumed at lower extensions. These results provide the first experimental evidence that S-DNA has substantially inclined base pairs relative to those of the standard (Watson-Crick) B-DNA conformation.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1993-11-05
    Description: Although presentation of antigen to the T cell receptor is necessary for the initiation of an immune response, additional molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells deliver essential costimulatory signals. T cell activation, in the absence of costimulation, results in T cell anergy. The B7-1 protein is a costimulator molecule that regulates interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion by signaling through the pathway that uses CD28 and CTLA-4 (hereafter referred to as the CD28 pathway). We have cloned a counter-receptor of CD28 and CTLA-4, termed B7-2. Although only 26 percent identical to B7-1, B7-2 also costimulates IL-2 production and T cell proliferation. Unlike B7-1, B7-2 messenger RNA is constitutively expressed in unstimulated B cells. It is likely that B7-2 provides a critical early costimulatory signal determining if the T cell will contribute to an immune response or become anergic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freeman, G J -- Gribben, J G -- Boussiotis, V A -- Ng, J W -- Restivo, V A Jr -- Lombard, L A -- Gray, G S -- Nadler, L M -- CA 40216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 5;262(5135):909-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7694363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abatacept ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD28/metabolism ; Antigens, CD80/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Antigens, CD86 ; Antigens, Differentiation/*metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Humans ; *Immunoconjugates ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Alignment ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1994-11-11
    Description: When stimulated through their antigen receptor without requisite costimulation, T cells enter a state of antigen-specific unresponsiveness termed anergy. In this study, signaling through the common gamma chain of the interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-7 receptors in the presence of antigen was found to be sufficient to prevent the induction of anergy. After culture with IL-2, IL-4, or IL-7, Jak3 kinase was tyrosine-phosphorylated, which correlated with the prevention of anergy. Therefore, a signal through the common gamma chain may regulate the decision of T cells to either clonally expand or enter a state of anergy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boussiotis, V A -- Barber, D L -- Nakarai, T -- Freeman, G J -- Gribben, J G -- Bernstein, G M -- D'Andrea, A D -- Ritz, J -- Nadler, L M -- AI 35225/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA 40216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 11;266(5187):1039-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Clonal Anergy/*immunology ; Clone Cells ; HLA-DR7 Antigen/immunology ; Humans ; Interleukins/immunology ; Janus Kinase 3 ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/immunology/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2010-08-21
    Description: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a common form of muscular dystrophy in adults that is foremost characterized by progressive wasting of muscles in the upper body. FSHD is associated with contraction of D4Z4 macrosatellite repeats on chromosome 4q35, but this contraction is pathogenic only in certain "permissive" chromosomal backgrounds. Here, we show that FSHD patients carry specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the chromosomal region distal to the last D4Z4 repeat. This FSHD-predisposing configuration creates a canonical polyadenylation signal for transcripts derived from DUX4, a double homeobox gene of unknown function that straddles the last repeat unit and the adjacent sequence. Transfection studies revealed that DUX4 transcripts are efficiently polyadenylated and are more stable when expressed from permissive chromosomes. These findings suggest that FSHD arises through a toxic gain of function attributable to the stabilized distal DUX4 transcript.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4677822/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4677822/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lemmers, Richard J L F -- van der Vliet, Patrick J -- Klooster, Rinse -- Sacconi, Sabrina -- Camano, Pilar -- Dauwerse, Johannes G -- Snider, Lauren -- Straasheijm, Kirsten R -- van Ommen, Gert Jan -- Padberg, George W -- Miller, Daniel G -- Tapscott, Stephen J -- Tawil, Rabi -- Frants, Rune R -- van der Maarel, Silvere M -- P01 NS069539/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01NS069539/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 24;329(5999):1650-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1189044. Epub 2010 Aug 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20724583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Base Sequence ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/*genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Haplotypes ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral/*genetics ; Polyadenylation ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Young Adult
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2012-09-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Houweling, Sander -- Badawy, Bakr -- Baker, David F -- Basu, Sourish -- Belikov, Dmitry -- Bergamaschi, Peter -- Bousquet, Philippe -- Broquet, Gregoire -- Butler, Tim -- Canadell, Josep G -- Chen, Jing -- Chevallier, Frederic -- Ciais, Philippe -- Collatz, G James -- Denning, Scott -- Engelen, Richard -- Enting, Ian G -- Fischer, Marc L -- Fraser, Annemarie -- Gerbig, Christoph -- Gloor, Manuel -- Jacobson, Andrew R -- Jones, Dylan B A -- Heimann, Martin -- Khalil, Aslam -- Kaminski, Thomas -- Kasibhatla, Prasad S -- Krakauer, Nir Y -- Krol, Maarten -- Maki, Takashi -- Maksyutov, Shamil -- Manning, Andrew -- Meesters, Antoon -- Miller, John B -- Palmer, Paul I -- Patra, Prabir -- Peters, Wouter -- Peylin, Philippe -- Poussi, Zegbeu -- Prather, Michael J -- Randerson, James T -- Rockmann, Thomas -- Rodenbeck, Christian -- Sarmiento, Jorge L -- Schimel, David S -- Scholze, Marko -- Schuh, Andrew -- Suntharalingam, Parv -- Takahashi, Taro -- Turnbull, Jocelyn -- Yurganov, Leonid -- Vermeulen, Alex -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 31;337(6098):1038-40. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6098.1038-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22936755" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis ; *Climate Change
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2012-12-12
    Description: The earliest history of the Moon is poorly preserved in the surface geologic record due to the high flux of impactors, but aspects of that history may be preserved in subsurface structures. Application of gravity gradiometry to observations by the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission results in the identification of a population of linear gravity anomalies with lengths of hundreds of kilometers. Inversion of the gravity anomalies indicates elongated positive-density anomalies that are interpreted to be ancient vertical tabular intrusions or dikes formed by magmatism in combination with extension of the lithosphere. Crosscutting relationships support a pre-Nectarian to Nectarian age, preceding the end of the heavy bombardment of the Moon. The distribution, orientation, and dimensions of the intrusions indicate a globally isotropic extensional stress state arising from an increase in the Moon's radius by 0.6 to 4.9 kilometers early in lunar history, consistent with predictions of thermal models.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andrews-Hanna, Jeffrey C -- Asmar, Sami W -- Head, James W 3rd -- Kiefer, Walter S -- Konopliv, Alexander S -- Lemoine, Frank G -- Matsuyama, Isamu -- Mazarico, Erwan -- McGovern, Patrick J -- Melosh, H Jay -- Neumann, Gregory A -- Nimmo, Francis -- Phillips, Roger J -- Smith, David E -- Solomon, Sean C -- Taylor, G Jeffrey -- Wieczorek, Mark A -- Williams, James G -- Zuber, Maria T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Feb 8;339(6120):675-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1231753. Epub 2012 Dec 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geophysics and Center for Space Resources, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA. jcahanna@mines.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23223393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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