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  • Articles  (10)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (10)
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  • Articles  (10)
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  • 1
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    Quantum interface of an electron and a nuclear ensemble (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Coherent excitation of an ensemble of quantum objects underpins quantum many-body phenomena and offers the opportunity to realize a memory that stores quantum information. Thus far, a deterministic and coherent interface between a spin qubit and such an ensemble has remained elusive. In this study, we first used an electron to cool the mesoscopic nuclear spin ensemble of a semiconductor quantum dot to the nuclear sideband–resolved regime. We then implemented an all-optical approach to access individual quantized electronic-nuclear spin transitions. Lastly, we performed coherent optical rotations of a single collective nuclear spin excitation—a spin wave. These results constitute the building blocks of a dedicated local memory per quantum-dot spin qubit and promise a solid-state platform for quantum-state engineering of isolated many-body systems.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Modeling the Exchanges of Energy, Water, and Carbon Between Continents and the Atmosphere (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-24
    Description: Atmospheric general circulation models used for climate simulation and weather forecasting require the fluxes of radiation, heat, water vapor, and momentum across the land-atmosphere interface to be specified. These fluxes are calculated by submodels called land surface parameterizations. Over the last 20 years, these parameterizations have evolved from simple, unrealistic schemes into credible representations of the global soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer system as advances in plant physiological and hydrological research, advances in satellite data interpretation, and the results of large-scale field experiments have been exploited. Some modern schemes incorporate biogeochemical and ecological knowledge and, when coupled with advanced climate and ocean models, will be capable of modeling the biological and physical responses of the Earth system to global change, for example, increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sellers -- Dickinson -- Randall -- Betts -- Hall -- Berry -- Collatz -- Denning -- Mooney -- Nobre -- Sato -- Field -- Henderson-Sellers -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 24;275(5299):502-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉P. J. Sellers is at the NASA Johnson Space Center, Mail Code CB, Houston, TX 77058, USA. R. E. Dickinson is in the Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. D. A. Randall is in the Atmospheric Sciences Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. A. K. Betts is at Atmospheric Research, Rural Route 3, Box 3125, Pittsford, VT 05763, USA. F. G. Hall and G. J. Collatz are at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 923, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA. J. A. Berry and C. B. Field are in the Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. A. S. Denning is in the School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, USA. H. A. Mooney is in the Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. C. A. Nobre is at INPE/CPTEC, Caixa Postal 01, cep 12630-000, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil. N. Sato is in the Numerical Prediction Division, Japan Meteorology Agency, 1-3-4, Ootemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan 100. A. Henderson-Sellers is at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Plenty Road, Post Office Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8999789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Highly parallel computation (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-30
    Description: Highly parallel computing architectures are the only means to achieve the computational rates demanded by advanced scientific problems. A decade of research has demonstrated the feasibility of such machines, and current research focuses on which architectures are best suited for particular dasses of problems. The architectures designated as MIMD and SIMD have produced the best results to date; neither shows a decisive advantage for most near-homogeneous scientific problems. For scientific problems with many dissimilar parts, more speculative architectures such as neural networks or data flow may be needed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Denning, P J -- Tichy, W F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 30;250(4985):1217-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17829208" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Quantum interface of an electron and a nuclear ensemble (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Coherent excitation of an ensemble of quantum objects underpins quantum many-body phenomena and offers the opportunity to realize a memory that stores quantum information. Thus far, a deterministic and coherent interface between a spin qubit and such an ensemble has remained elusive. Here, we first use an electron to cool the mesoscopic nuclear-spin ensemble of a semiconductor quantum dot to the nuclear sideband–resolved regime. We then implement an all-optical approach to access individual quantized electronic-nuclear spin transitions. Finally, we perform coherent optical rotations of a single collective nuclear spin excitation—a spin wave. These results constitute the building blocks of a dedicated local memory per quantum-dot spin qubit and promise a solid-state platform for quantum-state engineering of isolated many-body systems.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 5
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    Weak northern and strong tropical land carbon uptake from vertical profiles of atmospheric CO2 (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-26
    Description: Measurements of midday vertical atmospheric CO2 distributions reveal annual-mean vertical CO2 gradients that are inconsistent with atmospheric models that estimate a large transfer of terrestrial carbon from tropical to northern latitudes. The three models that most closely reproduce the observed annual-mean vertical CO2 gradients estimate weaker northern uptake of -1.5 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C year(-1)) and weaker tropical emission of +0.1 Pg C year(-1) compared with previous consensus estimates of -2.4 and +1.8 Pg C year(-1), respectively. This suggests that northern terrestrial uptake of industrial CO2 emissions plays a smaller role than previously thought and that, after subtracting land-use emissions, tropical ecosystems may currently be strong sinks for CO2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephens, Britton B -- Gurney, Kevin R -- Tans, Pieter P -- Sweeney, Colm -- Peters, Wouter -- Bruhwiler, Lori -- Ciais, Philippe -- Ramonet, Michel -- Bousquet, Philippe -- Nakazawa, Takakiyo -- Aoki, Shuji -- Machida, Toshinobu -- Inoue, Gen -- Vinnichenko, Nikolay -- Lloyd, Jon -- Jordan, Armin -- Heimann, Martin -- Shibistova, Olga -- Langenfelds, Ray L -- Steele, L Paul -- Francey, Roger J -- Denning, A Scott -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 22;316(5832):1732-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305, USA. stephens@ucar.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Tackling human fungal infections (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Gordon D -- Denning, David W -- Levitz, Stuart M -- 097377/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 11;336(6082):647. doi: 10.1126/science.1222236.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22582229" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research/economics ; Financing, Government ; Fungal Vaccines ; Humans ; *Mycoses/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Research Support as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Viral infection. Prevention and cure of rotavirus infection via TLR5/NLRC4-mediated production of IL-22 and IL-18 (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-15
    Description: Activators of innate immunity may have the potential to combat a broad range of infectious agents. We report that treatment with bacterial flagellin prevented rotavirus (RV) infection in mice and cured chronically RV-infected mice. Protection was independent of adaptive immunity and interferon (IFN, type I and II) and required flagellin receptors Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and NOD-like receptor C4 (NLRC4). Flagellin-induced activation of TLR5 on dendritic cells elicited production of the cytokine interleukin-22 (IL-22), which induced a protective gene expression program in intestinal epithelial cells. Flagellin also induced NLRC4-dependent production of IL-18 and immediate elimination of RV-infected cells. Administration of IL-22 and IL-18 to mice fully recapitulated the capacity of flagellin to prevent or eliminate RV infection and thus holds promise as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Benyue -- Chassaing, Benoit -- Shi, Zhenda -- Uchiyama, Robin -- Zhang, Zhan -- Denning, Timothy L -- Crawford, Sue E -- Pruijssers, Andrea J -- Iskarpatyoti, Jason A -- Estes, Mary K -- Dermody, Terence S -- Ouyang, Wenjun -- Williams, Ifor R -- Vijay-Kumar, Matam -- Gewirtz, Andrew T -- AI038296/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI080656/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI107943/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK061417/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK064730/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK56338/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI038296/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI038296/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 14;346(6211):861-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1256999.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA. ; Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. ; Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. ; Elizabeth B. Lamb Center for Pediatric Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Elizabeth B. Lamb Center for Pediatric Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. ; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. ; Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. agewirtz@gsu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25395539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diarrhea/immunology/therapy/virology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Feces/virology ; Flagellin/*administration & dosage/immunology ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; *Immunity, Innate ; Interleukin-18/administration & dosage/genetics/*immunology ; Interleukins/administration & dosage/genetics/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mutation ; Rotavirus Infections/immunology/*prevention & control/therapy ; Toll-Like Receptor 5/genetics/*physiology ; Virus Shedding
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Iconic CO2 time series at risk (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Houweling, Sander -- Badawy, Bakr -- Baker, David F -- Basu, Sourish -- Belikov, Dmitry -- Bergamaschi, Peter -- Bousquet, Philippe -- Broquet, Gregoire -- Butler, Tim -- Canadell, Josep G -- Chen, Jing -- Chevallier, Frederic -- Ciais, Philippe -- Collatz, G James -- Denning, Scott -- Engelen, Richard -- Enting, Ian G -- Fischer, Marc L -- Fraser, Annemarie -- Gerbig, Christoph -- Gloor, Manuel -- Jacobson, Andrew R -- Jones, Dylan B A -- Heimann, Martin -- Khalil, Aslam -- Kaminski, Thomas -- Kasibhatla, Prasad S -- Krakauer, Nir Y -- Krol, Maarten -- Maki, Takashi -- Maksyutov, Shamil -- Manning, Andrew -- Meesters, Antoon -- Miller, John B -- Palmer, Paul I -- Patra, Prabir -- Peters, Wouter -- Peylin, Philippe -- Poussi, Zegbeu -- Prather, Michael J -- Randerson, James T -- Rockmann, Thomas -- Rodenbeck, Christian -- Sarmiento, Jorge L -- Schimel, David S -- Scholze, Marko -- Schuh, Andrew -- Suntharalingam, Parv -- Takahashi, Taro -- Turnbull, Jocelyn -- Yurganov, Leonid -- Vermeulen, Alex -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Aug 31;337(6098):1038-40. doi: 10.1126/science.337.6098.1038-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22936755" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis ; *Climate Change
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Xk-related protein 8 and CED-8 promote phosphatidylserine exposure in apoptotic cells (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-13
    Description: A classic feature of apoptotic cells is the cell-surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) as an "eat me" signal for engulfment. We show that the Xk-family protein Xkr8 mediates PtdSer exposure in response to apoptotic stimuli. Mouse Xkr8(-/-) cells or human cancer cells in which Xkr8 expression was repressed by hypermethylation failed to expose PtdSer during apoptosis and were inefficiently engulfed by phagocytes. Xkr8 was activated directly by caspases and required a caspase-3 cleavage site for its function. CED-8, the only Caenorhabditis elegans Xk-family homolog, also promoted apoptotic PtdSer exposure and cell-corpse engulfment. Thus, Xk-family proteins have evolutionarily conserved roles in promoting the phagocytosis of dying cells by altering the phospholipid distribution in the plasma membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suzuki, Jun -- Denning, Daniel P -- Imanishi, Eiichi -- Horvitz, H Robert -- Nagata, Shigekazu -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jul 26;341(6144):403-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1236758. Epub 2013 Jul 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23845944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; CpG Islands ; Humans ; Macrophages/physiology ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phagocytosis ; Phosphatidylserines/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Infectious Disease. How to bolster the antifungal pipeline (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Denning, David W -- Bromley, Michael J -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 27;347(6229):1414-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa6097. Epub 2015 Mar 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK. The National Aspergillosis Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK. ddenning@manchester.ac. ; The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK. The Manchester Fungal Infection Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25814567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antifungal Agents/*therapeutic use ; Aspergillosis/*drug therapy/*mortality ; Aspergillus fumigatus/*drug effects/genetics/isolation & purification ; Asthma/microbiology ; Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology ; *Drug Design ; Drug Resistance, Fungal/genetics ; Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/microbiology ; Voriconazole/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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